homelands: conflict in the middle east
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Part 3 of 3. Homelands: Conflict in the Middle East. How was the British Mandate a ‘poisoned chalice’? What was the reaction to Jewish immigration to Palestine?. Focus Questions:. Post war British Mandate. 1919 League of Nations gives Britain mandate over Palestine - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Homelands: Conflict in the Middle
East
Part 3 of 3
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Focus Questions:
How was the British Mandate a ‘poisoned chalice’?What was the reaction to Jewish immigration to Palestine?
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• 1919 League of Nations gives Britain mandate over Palestine
• Britain had authority over Palestine until the region was ready for self-government
• Some said that Britain was given a “poisoned chalice”
• What might this mean?
Post war British Mandate
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1917-1947 “The Mandate Years”• After WWI, the area had become the British
mandate of Palestine.• When Jewish immigration accelerated,
friction was created between Jews and Palestinian Arabs
• After 1945, Zionists and Palestinian Arabs wanted individual nations and both felt they had claim to Palestine.
• Britain withdrew in 1947 and the U.N. proposed that the country be partitioned 50/50
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Kibbutz ,ִקבּוּץ קיבוץ
• 1920’s and 30’s socialist Kibbutzim movement
• New cities such as Tel Aviv developed
next to Arab Jaffa.• Arab tenant farmers were often
evicted from land bought by Zionists from absentee Arab landlords.
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Making the Desert Bloom
Kibbutz Population
Year No. ofkibbutzim
KibbutzPopulation
1910 1 1920 12 8051930 29 3,9001940 82 26,5501950 214 67,5501960 229 77,9501970 229 85,1001980 255 111,2001990 270 125,100
2000 268 117,300Organization
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Defense/Offence• Jewish % rose from 20% to
30% in 3 years 1933-36• Arab guerrilla groups
attacked railways, Jewish settlements, destroyed orchards etc
• Jewish defense group – the Haganah
• radicals created Irgun and the Stern Gang.
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Jewish Immigration to Palestine
Population of Palestine by religions[15]
Year Muslims Jews Christians Others
1922 486,177 83,790 71,464 7,617
1931 493,147 174,606 88,907 10,101
1941 906,551 474,102 125,413 12,881
1946 1,076,783 608,225 145,063 15,488
• Why do you think immigration increased so dramatically in 1941?
• Why are the British in a difficult position?
• Much of the immigration to Palestine was illegal.
• There were Arab riots and attacks on Jews.
• What should the British do? What are their options?
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Why are Jews emigrating?
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1936 German children’s book
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Illustration from a children's book. The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936.
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“The bride is beautiful but she’s married to another man”
• Watch Part 1 BBC Documentary - The Birth of Israel
• Explain what is meant by the quote above
• What did some of the early Zionists warn the conference after visiting Palestine?
• Other Zionists argued that Arabs would be glad to see them – why?
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Illegal Jewish Immigration• The US and many European
powers tried to slow the flow of Jewish immigration to Palestine.
• 1939 British threatened to cut immigration to 25,000 a year
• Haganah established an intelligence arm – Mossad – to help illegal immigrants
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Jewish ‘Terrorism’ / ‘Freedom Fighters’
Stern gang argued the British were like Nazis and terrorism was justifiable in order to expel them. One member was future Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir.
Irgun leader – Menachem Begin, also a future PM.
Shamir ordered the killing of Lord Moyne, a close friend of Churchill in Cairo 1944.
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