holt phsics chapter 9 section 3 summary

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Physics

Summary

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Nada Mohamed



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Grade 10

Chapter 9: Heat

Section 3: Changes in temperature and phase

*Specific heat capacity:

The change in temperature due to adding or removing a given amount of energy depends on the particular

substance. The same change in energy will cause a different temperature change in equal masses of different substance

This fact is due to motion of atoms and molecules at microscopic level.

Def. The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the energy required to change the temperature o

1Kg of that substance by 1 C.

Every substance has a unique specific heat capacity.

Specific heat capacity tells how much the temperature of a given mass of a substance will increase or decrea

based on how much energy is added or removed as heat.

Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass by 1K (Kelvin ) or 1 C in a specifie

way given constant pressure and volume

Note: a temperature change of 1 C = A temperature change of 1 K ,so T gives the temp. Change in either sca

The equation of specific heat capacity applies to both substances that absorb energy from their surrounding a

those that transfer energy to their surroundings.

When temperature increases T and Q are negative ,and, energy is transferred from the substance.

*calorimetry:

If hot substance is placed in an insulated container of cool water, energy conservation requires that the energ

the substance gives up must be equal to the energy absorbed by water.

Def. calorimetry is an experimental procedure used to measure the energy transferred from one substance to an

as heat.

Calorimetry is used to determine specific heat capacity

Energy absorbed by water =Energy released by the substance

Qw=Qx

Cpwmw Tw=Cpxmx Tx

Qx+ Qw=0 which shows that the net change in energy as heat is zero

The approach to determining a substances¶ specific heat capacity is called calorimetry and dev

ices

that are used for making this measurement is called calorimeter.

A calorimetry contains both a thermometer (to measure final temperatures of substances at thermal equilibriu

and a stirrer (to ensure the uniform mixture of energy through water)

*Latent heat:



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When substances melt, freeze, boil, condense or sublime (change from a solid to vapor or from vapor to solid

energy added or removed changes the internal energy of the substances without changing the substance¶s

temperature ,these changes are called phase changes.

Def. Phase change is the physical change of a substance from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another at

constant temperature and pressure.

Latent heat is energy transferred during phase change . phase change result from a change in the potential

energy between particles of a substance.

When energy is added or removed from a substances that is undergoing phase change , the particles of the

substance rearranging themselves to make up for their change of energy. The rearrangement occurs without a change in the average kinetic energy of the particles the energy that is

added or removed is called latent heat abbreviated as L

Def. latent heat is the energy per unit mass that is transferred during a phase change of a substance

Q=m L

During melting ,the energy that is added to a substance equals the difference between the total potential ene

of particles in the solid and the liquid phases this type of heat is called latent heat of fusion abbreviated as Lf

During vaporization , the energy that is added to a substance equals the difference in potential energy of

attraction between particles : liquid particles and gas particles . In this case the latent heat is called heat of

vaporization abbreviated as Lv

holt phsics chapter 9 section 3 summary

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