hlrw & sf management: storage & disposal - stockholm 2011 - walter blommaert1 intern....
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HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Intern. Workshop onHLRW & SF Management:
Storage & Disposal
Stockholmnov 29 – dec 1, 2011
Walter Blommaert
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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How to get most out of a workshop
1. This workshop belongs to you and its success rests largely with you
2. Enter into the discussion, enthusiastically!3. Give freely your experience4. Confine your discussion to the problem5. Say what you think6. Only one person should talk at a time. Avoid private
conversation while someone else is speaking7. Be patient with other members8. Appreciate others point of view
9. Switch your mobile to silent mode !
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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9 Golden Rules in Waste Management …
1. Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame someone else
2. If you explain something so clearly that no one can misunderstand, someone will
3. Nothing is ever as simple as it seems4. It is a fundamental law of nature that nothing
ever quite works out5. The probability of a given event occurring is
inversely proportional to its desirability 6. Everything always costs more money than you
have and takes longer7. When you do not know what you are doing, do
it neatly8. Science is truth, don’t be misled by facts
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF
Surface/ Near-surf.disposal
Deep disposal
Evacuation
Temporary storage
Temporary storage
Temporary storage
L(I)LW (SL)
LILW (LL)
Fuel elements
New fuel elements
NPP
Decom./dismantling
Med. Appl./ R&DIndustry
HLRW(vitrified)
Reprocessing/fuelfabrication
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Agenda Workshop
• Tuesday, November 29• Introduction • 9:30 Opening and Welcoming Addresses• Johan Anderberg, Director Radioactive Materials, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority
(SSM) – 10 Min. Magnus Vesterlind, Head Waste and Environmental Safety Section, IAEA – 10 Min. Chairman’s introduction & Administrative arrangements
• Keynote presentations• 10:00 Hans Riotte, OECD/NEA: International Overview of Storage and Disposal Status –
(30’+15’)• 10:45 – 11:15 COFFEE BREAK• 11:15 Ute Blohm-Hieber, EC DG ENER: The European Directive on the Management of
Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste (30’ +15’)• 12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH• 13:30 Olle Olsson, SKB Sweden: The SKB Spent Fuel Disposal Project – License
Application (30’+15’)• Working group session• 14:15 Introduction of working groups and instructions (15’)• 14:30 – 14:45 COFFEE BREAK• 14:45 – 17:00: Working Groups
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Agenda Workshop
• Wednesday, November 30• 8:30 Jeff Williams, US DOE: Status of US Spent Nuclear Fuel disposition
Programme (30’+15’)• 9:15 Hans Codee, COVRA, The Netherlands: The storage and disposal approach
in the Netherlands (30’+15’)• 10:00 – 10:15 COFFEE BREAK• 10:15 Juerg Schneider, NAGRA, Switzerland: The Swiss geological programme and
the role of storage (30’+15’)
• 11:00 – 12:00 Working groups
• 12:00 – 13:30 LUNCH• 13:30 Jussi Heinonen, STUK Finland: The Finnish Disposal Programme (30’+15’)
• 14:15 Geraldine Dandrieux ASN, France & Jean-Michel Hoorelbeke, ANDRA France: The French Disposal Programme (30’+15’)
• 15:00 – 15:15 COFFEE BREAK
• 15:15 – 17:00: Working groups
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Agenda Workshop
• Thursday, December 1
• 9:00 Working group debriefings (10’/WG)• 10:00 – 10:30 COFFEE BREAK
• 10:30 – 11:30 Panel discussion (leader/moderator: Johan Anderberg)
• 11:30 – 12:00 Concluding remarks and closure: Chairman, IAEA, SSM
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Cycle of Radioactive Waste/SF
Surface/ Near-surf.disposal
Deep disposal
Evacuation
Temporary storage
Temporary storage
Temporary storage
L(I)LW (SL)
LILW (LL)
Fuel elements
New fuel elements
NPP
Decom./dismantling
Med. Appl./ R&DIndustry
HLRW(vitrified)
Reprocessing/fuelfabrication
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Why (prolonged) storage of HLRW and spent fuel?
• Because wastes are generated at present and hence have to be put somewhere
• Storage is needed for cooling the waste• There is no final strategy for LT management• Awaiting a decision of what to do with the spent
fuel (reprocessing or not; economical value)• Awaiting new technologies being able of reducing
the LT hazard of the waste (P&T, …)• Hoping for a regional solution• Insufficient scientific and technological knowledge• Unavailability of necessary funds for RD&D and
disposal• No public trust in deep disposal• …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Why looking for a final (LT) solution?
• Awareness that no burden should be put on future generations (cradle to grave vision)
• Scientific and technical solutions are available to do so
• Suitable geological formations are available• Political commitment• Acceptance by the public• Funds are available• …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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To consider
• Technical and scientific aspects• Financial and economical aspects• Environmental and safety aspects• Societal and ethical aspects
• Political/national strategy
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Pluridisciplinary character of RWM
Waste Management
Hydro(geo)logySeismology Validation codes
phenomenologygeophysics
Rad. protection
geochemistry
corrosion
regulations
transport
mechanics
Etc …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Multiple Stakeholders involved
WasteManagement
Waste producers
Regulator(s)
Government
Public/Local Partnerships
International Agencies(AIEA, AEN, …)
Research institutes
NWMO
Others …
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Round table discussions
Working Groups:• 5 working groups will be organized with one leader per working
group
• The role of the working group leader will be to facilitate and organize the discussions and to report on the last day, prior to the panel session
• All working groups will address the same topics - 5 topics are planned
• In order to facilitate the discussions within the working groups a series of statements or questions will be provided for each topic
• Planned leaders for the working groups:• Bengt Hedberg, SSM Sweden• Kaisa-Lena Hutri, STUK Finland• Christophe Serres, IRSN France• Paul Degnan, IAEA • Glenn Round, OPG Canada
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Guiding points for the discussions
Non-limiting list of themes as guiding points:
• Establishment and implementation of comprehensive radioactive waste management strategies
• The safety implications of longer periods of storage and how long term storage can be safely envisaged
• The importance of international cooperation for the storage and disposal of high level radioactive waste
• The link between the availability of geological disposal facilities for high level radioactive waste and period of storage
• The implications of longer periods of storage on knowledge transfer
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal
ProlongedStorage
GeologicalDisposal
Acceptable/Defendable? ? ?
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal
ProlongedStorage
Geological disposal
Final character - - - + + +
LT Safety - - - + + +
Burdens on future generations
- - - + + +
Passivity - - - + + +
Robustness ↓ with time + + +
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal
Prolonged storage
Geological disposal
Sensitivity to natural event
↑ with time Low after closure
Sensitivity to human activities
High for surfaceMedium for geological
Low after closure
Retrievability + + + ↓ with time
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Prolongedstorage
Geological disposal
Durability (lifetime) of the installation / wastes
Need reconstruction after ~X0(0) y + + +
Periodic safety reviews Up to X0(0) y Up to closure
Need availability treatment / transfer facilities
High Up to closure
Impact related to reconditioning
↑ with time No + impact
Amount of waste ↑ with time No + waste
Cost (financial) ↑ with time No + cost
Risk loss of funding ↑ with time Up to de-licensing
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal
Prolonged storage
Geological disposal
Need for societal and political stability
HighNot stringentafter closure
Need for knowledge transfer
Required Keeping memory
Ageing managementVery
important Up to closure
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management:Storage & Disposal
ProlongedStorage
GeologicalDisposal
Acceptable/defendable ? ?
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Prolonged Storage Disposal Risks
related to Surface Water
Surface dry
Geological Geological (after closure)
Ageing phenomena
↑ with time
Safety guaranteed by
host rock Natural events
All natural events Earthquakes & flooding Very low
Internal & external sollicitations
Human activities /terrorism
High Medium Very low
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Loss of resource -funding -qualified workers Loss of security Loss of oversight Loss of knowledge, Loss of traceability,
Socio economical & political changes
Decisions no more driven by safety
↑ with time Low impact after closure
Prolonged Storage Disposal Risks
related to Surface Water
Surface dry
Geological Geological (after closure)
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Risks
Reconstruction of facilities ↑ with time Waste reconditioning ↑ with time
NA after closure
Criticality existing Less probable Very low Specific risks
Water release
Transforming the storage facility to a disposal
risk closure not being conform to
safety requirements for disposal
Loss of memory
Prolonged Storage Disposal Risks
related to Surface Water
Surface dry
Geological Geological (after closure)
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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I had a dream that …
• There was an unlimited budget for Waste management
• Operators were perfect and never made mistakes
• Optimisation is the driving force towards safety
• Scientific and technical solutions for disposal are highly mature
• Models perfectly describe what is actually going on
• There was a perfect harmony between regulators and practicians
• I could easily get 100 years old (and still be good looking)
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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When I woke up this morning, I realized that …
• Money for Waste Management is hard to find
• Even operators make mistakes
• Optimization is not fully understood and applied coherently as yet
• Disposal facilities in practice are scarce
• Only PLAYBOY models seem to be perfect
• Even in the best marriage something may go wrong
• I will only get 99 years old (although still good looking !)
… I was very disappointed this morning
HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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HLRW & SF Management: Storage & Disposal - Stockholm 2011 - Walter Blommaert
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Prolonged Storage Disposal Risks
related to Surface - Water Surface - dry Geological Geological (after closure)
Ageing management
↑ with time
Safety guaranteed by host rock
Natural events All natural events
Earthquakes & flooding Very low
Internal & external sollicitations
Human activities /terrorism
High Medium Very low
Loss of resource -funding -qualified workers Loss of security Loss of oversight Loss of knowledge, Loss of traceability,
Socio economical & political changes
Decisions no more driven by safety
↑ with time Inexistent
Reconstruction of facilities ↑ with time Inexistent Waste reconditioning ↑ with time Inexistent Criticality High Medium Very low Specific risks
Water release
Transforming the storage facility to a
disposal risk that closure
not conform to safety
requirements for disposal