History of sindhi cultureHistory of sindhi culture1.Archeological discovries1.Archeological discovries2.Islam in sindh2.Islam in sindh3.Aryan influence on sindh culture3.Aryan influence on sindh culture4.About sindhi language4.About sindhi language5.Sindhi literature5.Sindhi literature historyhistory sindhi poetrysindhi poetry sindhi musicsindhi music6.Sindhi sufi music (raag)6.Sindhi sufi music (raag) shah jo raagshah jo raag the tdaditional 30 surs included shah jo risalothe tdaditional 30 surs included shah jo risalo common instruments used in sindhi regional common instruments used in sindhi regional

musicmusic

History of sindhi cultureHistory of sindhi culture

• The roots of Sindhi culture The roots of Sindhi culture and civilization go back to the and civilization go back to the distant past. Archaeological distant past. Archaeological researches during 19th and researches during 19th and 20th centuries showed the 20th centuries showed the roots of social life, religion roots of social life, religion and culture of the people of and culture of the people of the Sindh: their agricultural the Sindh: their agricultural practices, traditional arts and practices, traditional arts and crafts, customs and tradition crafts, customs and tradition and other parts of social life, and other parts of social life, going back to a ripe and going back to a ripe and mature Indus valley mature Indus valley civilization of the third civilization of the third millennium B.C. Recent millennium B.C. Recent researches have traced the researches have traced the Indus valley civilization to Indus valley civilization to even earlier ancestry.even earlier ancestry.

Archeological discoveriesArcheological discoveries

1.1. Archaeological Archaeological discoveries discoveries sometimes help to sometimes help to unfold the certain unfold the certain latent aspects of a latent aspects of a specific culture. The specific culture. The excavations of excavations of have unfolded the city of life civilization of a peoples with values a distinct identity ond culture

• Therefore, the first definition of the Therefore, the first definition of the Sindhi culture emanates from that over Sindhi culture emanates from that over the 7000 year old the 7000 year old Indus Valley Indus Valley Civilization.Civilization. This is the pre-Aryan This is the pre-Aryan period, about 3,000 years B.C., when period, about 3,000 years B.C., when the urban civilization in Sindh was at the urban civilization in Sindh was at its peak.its peak.

RANIKOT FORTRANIKOT FORT

is also a landmark of is also a landmark of the Indus valley the Indus valley civilization. It is the civilization. It is the world's largest fort, world's largest fort, with walls extending with walls extending to 20 km. It has been to 20 km. It has been called a "second called a "second Wall of China", and it Wall of China", and it attracts many attracts many visitors. visitors.

ISLAM IN SINDH

• From the beginning of Muslim rule of the Sindh in 713 CE, From the beginning of Muslim rule of the Sindh in 713 CE, the Muslim technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, the Muslim technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis travelled from the rest of the Muslim world to the Islamic travelled from the rest of the Muslim world to the Islamic Sultanate in Sindh, and settled there permanently. The Sultanate in Sindh, and settled there permanently. The majority of Sindhis converted to Islam by the Sufi mystics majority of Sindhis converted to Islam by the Sufi mystics from Middle East and Central Asia. The Sindh became from Middle East and Central Asia. The Sindh became distinct in its identity and culture, and many contemporary distinct in its identity and culture, and many contemporary writers in medieval age referred to Sindh and Hind as two writers in medieval age referred to Sindh and Hind as two different countries. The Sindhi culture flourished with a new different countries. The Sindhi culture flourished with a new stimulus from Islamic sources from Persia and Afghanistan. stimulus from Islamic sources from Persia and Afghanistan. Many Baloch and Afghan tribes also settled in Sindh, Many Baloch and Afghan tribes also settled in Sindh, adopting Sindhi culture.adopting Sindhi culture.

THE ARYAN INFLUENCE ON THE ARYAN INFLUENCE ON SINDHI CULTURESINDHI CULTURE• The Aryan impact on Sindhi culture was The Aryan impact on Sindhi culture was

great and the subsequent changes great and the subsequent changes imprinted on the psyche of the Sindhi imprinted on the psyche of the Sindhi people should be judged in the light of the people should be judged in the light of the changes which they had undergone at the changes which they had undergone at the hands of the Aryans. The Aryans were hands of the Aryans. The Aryans were nomadic, but, the peace-loving Moenjodaro nomadic, but, the peace-loving Moenjodaro civilization people had been enjoying for a civilization people had been enjoying for a long time the fruits of settled urban life long time the fruits of settled urban life with municipal community-based living. with municipal community-based living. The Aryans were, thus, overawed. They The Aryans were, thus, overawed. They adopted the Sindhi cultured way of life. adopted the Sindhi cultured way of life.

ABOUT SINDHI LANGUAGEABOUT SINDHI LANGUAGE

• Sindhi language is an ancient language Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of the world. It is an the world. It is an Indo-Aryan Indo-Aryan language language spoken by spoken by approximately 4 Crore people in approximately 4 Crore people in Pakistan,Pakistan, and and 12 million people in India;12 million people in India; it it is the second most spoken language of is the second most spoken language of Pakistan, mostly spoken in the Sindh Pakistan, mostly spoken in the Sindh province. It is a recognized official province. It is a recognized official language in Pakistan, and also an official language in Pakistan, and also an official language in India. Government of Pakistan language in India. Government of Pakistan issues National Identity Cards to its citizens issues National Identity Cards to its citizens only in two languages; Sindhi and Urdu.only in two languages; Sindhi and Urdu.

SINDHI LITERATURESINDHI LITERATURE

HISTORYHISTORYsindhi language is ancient and rich in to Sindhi literature is contained in the writings of Arab historians. It is established that Sindhi was the first Eastern language into the Quran, when it was translated in the eighth or literature. Its writers have contributed extensively in various forms of literature in both poetry and prose.  Sindhi literature is very rich, and is one of the world's oldest literatures. The earliest reference ninth century A.D. There is evidence of Sindhi poets reciting their verses before the Muslim Caliphs in Baghdad. It is also recorded that treatises were written in Sindhi on astronomy, medicine and history during the eighth and ninth centuries.

SINDHI POETRYSINDHI POETRY

• Sindhi poetry is also prominent in Sindhi Sindhi poetry is also prominent in Sindhi culture. Poetry of culture. Poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai &. Sachal SarmastBhittai &. Sachal Sarmast is very famous is very famous amongst all of Pakistanis. Regional poets amongst all of Pakistanis. Regional poets are Shaikh Ayaz, Ustaad Bhukhari, Ahmed are Shaikh Ayaz, Ustaad Bhukhari, Ahmed Khan MAdhoosh, Adal Soomro, Ayaz Gull, Khan MAdhoosh, Adal Soomro, Ayaz Gull, Abdul Ghaffar Tabasum, Rukhsana Preet, Abdul Ghaffar Tabasum, Rukhsana Preet, and Waseem Soomro. Many Sindhi poets and Waseem Soomro. Many Sindhi poets are doing their poetry work continuously.are doing their poetry work continuously.

SINDHI MUSICSINDHI MUSIC

• Music from Sindh province Music from Sindh province is sung in Sindhi, and is is sung in Sindhi, and is generally performed in generally performed in either the "Baits" or "Waee" either the "Baits" or "Waee" styles. The Baits style is styles. The Baits style is vocal music in Sanhoon (low vocal music in Sanhoon (low voice) or Graham (high voice) or Graham (high voice). Waee instrumental voice). Waee instrumental music is performed in a music is performed in a variety of ways using a variety of ways using a string instrument. Waee, string instrument. Waee, also known as Kafi, is found also known as Kafi, is found in the surrounding areas of in the surrounding areas of Balochistan, Punjab, and Balochistan, Punjab, and Kutch.Kutch.

SINDHI SUFI MUSICSINDHI SUFI MUSIC

•Shah jo raagShah jo raagThe traditional compilations of Shah Jo Risalo by Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai include 30 Surs (chapters) which are sung as raags. The oldest publications of Shah Jo Risalo contained some 36 Surs, but later most of the linguists discarded 6 Surs, as their language and content did not match with the Shah's style. Recently, Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, the most renowned linguist of Sindhi language has compiled and printed a new edition after 32 years of research in folk culture, language and history of Sindhi language.

THE TRADITIONAL 30 SURS THE TRADITIONAL 30 SURS INCLUDED IN SHAH JO RISALO INCLUDED IN SHAH JO RISALO AREARE 1 bilawal1 bilawal 2                    Kalyaan2                    Kalyaan 3                    Yaman Kalyaan3                    Yaman Kalyaan 4                    Khanbhaat4                    Khanbhaat 5                    Suri Raag5                    Suri Raag 6                    Samundi6                    Samundi 7                    Sohni7                    Sohni 8                    Sasui Aburi 8                    Sasui Aburi

9                    Maazuri9                    Maazuri 10                   Desi10                   Desi 11                   Kohyari11                   Kohyari 12                   Husaini12                   Husaini 13                   Laila Chanesar13                   Laila Chanesar 14                   Mumal Ranu14                   Mumal Ranu 15                   Marvi 15                   Marvi

16                  Kaamod 16                  Kaamod

CONT……CONT……

17 Ghatu17 Ghatu 18                    Sorath18                    Sorath 19                   Kedaro19                   Kedaro 20                    Sarang 21                  20                    Sarang 21                 

AsaaAsaa 22              Ripp22              Ripp 23                    Khahori23                    Khahori 24                    Barwo Sindhi24                    Barwo Sindhi 25                    Ramkali25                    Ramkali 26                    Kapa'iti26                    Kapa'iti 27                    Purab27                    Purab 28                    Karayal28                    Karayal 29                    Pirbhati29                    Pirbhati 30                    Dahar30                    Dahar

COMMON INSTRUMENTS USED COMMON INSTRUMENTS USED BY IN SINDHI REGIONAL MUSICBY IN SINDHI REGIONAL MUSIC

• Ektara known as Ektara known as Yaktaro in Sindhi Yaktaro in Sindhi

Tanpura known as Danburo in Sindhi

CONT…..CONT…..

        Narrs Been in SinNarrs Been in Sin

Naghara

Dhol in duhul sindhi

CONT…..CONT…..

• Alghoza Flute Alghoza Flute

Bansuri

Pungi kno Alghoza Flute been in sindhi