History of International Organization

By: Kareem Kawa Kareem Rayati

Introduction: An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence.

An international organization is “a body that promotes voluntary cooperation and coordination between or among its members.

There are two main types:International non-governmental organizations (NGOs) An international non-governmental organization (INGO) has the same mission as a non-governmental organization (NGO), but it is international in scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries. Some INGOs are operational(primary purpose is to foster the community-based organizations within each country via different projects and operations)& some are advocacy-based( primary purpose is to influence the policy-making of different countries’ governments regarding certain issues or promote the awareness of a certain issue).

TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1) International Non-Governmental Organizations

Non-governmental organizations (NGO) whose operate independently.

Internationally non-profit organizations

Not affiliated with governments

Nevertheless play an important role in international politics 

Examples: Indian Red Cross Amnesty international Save the Children

Types Of International Organizations Inter-governmental

organizations (IGOs)

An IGO is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states(member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations. IGOs are established by treaty or other agreement that acts as a charter(grant of authority/rights) creating the group. Examples include the United Nations, the World Bank, or the European Union.

2) INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

An IGO is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations.

IGOs form when governments make an agreement or band together.

Examples: European Union (EU) United Nations (UN) World Trade Organization (WTO)

History The first and oldest intergovernmental

organization is the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna.

The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire,  and maintain the peace between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo.

continue It was a conference of ambassadors of European states

chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution. France lost all its recent conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west and 40% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 becameBelgium.

Problems of The Congress of Vienna     Disagreement between Russia and Prussia

on the one hand and Britain and Austria on the other about boundary provisions in Eastern Europe led to a threat of renewed hostilities. The new French government, under the restored Bourbon dynasty in the person of King Louis XVIII, was enlisted as an ally by the British.  France was invited to send a representative to the Congress of Vienna and was, thereafter, involved as the fifth great power of  the Grand Alliance. Agreement was reached avoiding war

The League of Nations, 1920

The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. Though first proposed by President Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points plan for an equitable peace in Europe, the United States never became a member.

Why the League Failed

After the Abyssinian crisis, the League gradually died: Italy left the League in 1937.  Few other countries left the

League, but all of them realised that it had failed - instead they began to re-arm as fast as possible.

During 1938, Britain and France tried a new policy - 'appeasement' (negotiating directly with Hitler); this failed in 1939 when Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia.

When war broke out in 1939, the League closed down; its headquarters in Geneva remained empty throughout the war.

In 1943 - at a Conference in Tehran - America, Britain and Russia agreed to set up a new international organisation (the 'United Nations') when the war finished.

On 12 April 1946, the League met in Geneva and formally abolished itself.  The British delegate, Robert Cecil, said: 'The League is dead. Long live the United Nations'.

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an international

organization created in 1945, shortly after the end of WWII. The UN was formed by 51 countries in order to encourage resolution of international conflicts without war and to form policies on international issues. Like most organizations, the UN was formed in order to meet certain goals and purposes. Article I of the Charter of United Nations specifies the purposes of the UN. The Charter of United Nations (UN Charter) is the UN's governing document, much like the Constitution of the United States of America.

The purpose of International Organizations

Relationships and interdependencies countries in the new era, organizations require that their countries through established relationships and controlled. Governments in these international organizations or objectives have been met, further cooperation will be provided. In this context, we are witnessing the emergence of such needs and international organizations in the sphere of politics and international relations of the nineteenth century as well. «1» 3. maintaining peace and international security by the major powers and control of two important international organization "League of Nations" and "United Nations" So powerful and victorious needs of countries at war to maintain peace and international security, so that ensure their interests, came into existence.

Continue The League of Nations and the United Nations, in fact,

meeting the victorious nations who want to be effective in international politics, so that they are the mainstay of international peace and security. In the community of nations, powerful five-member "executive council" and decisions about peace and war with them. At the United Nations, the five veto powers and permanent members of the Security Council. Decisions related to peace and international security relies on the will of powerful states.

Stated goals of these organizations, although maintaining international peace and security, but by analyzing the mechanism of peacekeeping, to the conclusion that the main goal, controlling and guiding international relations and global politics in the interests of big powers

Conclusion An international organization is “a body

that promotes voluntary cooperation and coordination between or among its members”

But some times they are doing opposite of the aim of established for it.

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