Group Members(1)SHEHYAR KHAN AFRIDI

(2)UMAR MUKHATAR(3)UMAR FAROOQ

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

HISTORY OF COMPUTERIn information society the

focus of commerce is on the generation and distribution of information. Computer is changing the ways we communicate, do business and learn about the different branches of Education.

WHAT IS COMPUTER?The “Computer” is derived from the word “Compute", which means

to calculate. so Computer is normally considered to be a calculating device.

OR

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

USES OF COMPUTERWe can store data in a computer and retrieve stored data

when we needed.We can send message to our friends, relative and family

anywhere in the world by connecting computer with internet.

Medical sciences and Biotechnology are using computer to diagnoses the diseases of patient in hospital.

For Entertainment purposes.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERABACUS: PICTUREThe earliest device that

qualifies as a computer is the abacus. The abacus was invented 5,000 years ago in Asia Minor and still in use today .This device is allows users to calculate ,by sliding beads arranged a work.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERJOHN NAIPER(1550-1617) PICTURE

John Napier was a Scottish mathematician .He made the first manual calculating device after Abacus .It was called John Napier bones or cardboard multiplication calculator. In addition to multiplication this machine was also used to calculate square roots and cube roots.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERBLAISE PASCAL(1623-1162) PICTUREIn 1942 Blaise Pascal, The 18

year old son of French tax collector, invented a numerical wheel calculator to help his father in calculation. This device was known as “PASCALINE” and was only able to Add two numbers.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERBARRON GOTTFRIED(1646-1716) PICTUREIn 1694,a German philosopher

and mathematician Barron gottfried wilhelm von jeibniz made some improvement in Pascal machine. He added features of multiplication and division. The machine was able to perform these operation by using repeated addition and subtraction.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERCHARLES XAVIER (1785-1870) PICTURECharles Xavier Thomas De

Colmar, a Frenchman, invented a machine in 1820 that could perform the four basic Arithmetic function. This machine was Arithmometer.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERCHARLES BABBAGE(1791-1871) PICTUREAn English

mathematician ,Professor Charles Babbage made a “Difference Engine” in 1833,which was powered by steam to solve mathematical equations. After ten years, in 1842 he made a general purpose computer named “Analytical Engine". this Engine could Add,subtracted,multiply and divide in automatic sequence at a rate of 60 addition per second.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERGEORGE BOOLE(1815-1864) PICTUREGeorge Boole clarified the

binary system of Algebra, that any mathematical equation could be stated either true of false.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERHERMAN HOLLERITH(1862-1929) PICTUREIn 1890, an American inventor

Herman Hollerith applied the idea of punch boards in the form of for input and output. He a punched card tabulating machine.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

GENERATION OF COMPUTER

The steps of technological differences are called generations.

In 1941 German engineers had developed a computer named Z3 to design airplanes and missiles.

In 1943the British made a computer named Colossus to break secret codes during World War 2.

FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER

First Generation of Computer were characterized by the fact that operating instructions were made-to-order for the specific task for which the computer was to be used.

Each computer had a different binary coded program called machine language that told it how to operate.

THE DISTINCT FEATURES OF 1st GVACUUM TUBES: Vacuum tubes were the fragile glass

devices that can control and amplify electronic signal.OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: Operating instruction were

used to operate computer for specific tasks.MACHINE LANGUAGE: Different Binary coded program

for different comp

FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESVacuum tubes were the only

electronic component available during those days.

Vacuum tubes technology made possible the advent of that time. They could perform computation in millisecond.

First generation computer were too large in size.

Air Conditioning required.Non-portableProduce large amount of heat

and burn out frequently.

SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERIn 1948 with the invention of transistor, vacuum tubes

replaced with transistors.As a result, the size of electronic machinery has been

shrunk.2nd generation computer replaced machine language to

assembly language allowing abbreviated programming code to replace long difficult binary code

2nd GENERATION OF COMPUTER ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESSmaller in size as compared to

1st Generation computer.Less heat generated.Better portability.

Air conditioning required.Frequently maintenance

required.Commercial production was

difficult and costly.

THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERThe invention of the silicon IC(Integrated circuit) by

Robert Noyce in 1958 allowed dozens of transistor to be put on a single chip. This packaging made it possible to build computer that were smaller,faster,and cheaper than their transistorized predecessors.

Another third generation development included the use of an operating system that allowed machines to run many different program at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated the computer memory.

3rd GENERATION OF COMPUTERADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESSmaller in size as compared to

previous generation computers.

Working speed of these computer is faster as compared to previous computers.

Easily movable.

Air conditioning required in many cases.

Highly difficult technology required for the manufacture of IC chips.