HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE:

RICHARD ROGERS;

• •He is a Britisher •born on 23 July 1933•British architect noted for his modernist and funcNationality

•Studied at Alma mater Architectural Association School of Architecture, Yale School of Architecturetionalist designs in high-tech architecture.

•Attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, before graduating with a master's degree from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962

•Richard Rogers is an innovative British architect and urban planner practicing since late 1960′s who is best know for his bold futuristic architecture.•He mainly expressed by its inside out nature of structure and building services, which many have called ‘bowellism’.

• Where ventilation ducts, hot water pipes and electrical conduits are considered ‘ugly’ and are typically hidden behind walls and ceilings, Rogers has made an effort change how we perceive architecture by exposing them on the outside of the building.

•Flexibility inside and outside“Never design a finite building” says Rogers in relation to flexibility in architecture. Buildings must be designed and positioned on site for future expansion.

•Frank O. Gehry born on February 28, 1929 in Toronto, Canada.

FRANK O.GEHRY:

•Frank moved to California, and got a job driving a delivery truck, studied in Los Angeles College and Graduated from the university of southern California’s school of architecture in 1954.

•He studied city planning at the Harvard Graduate School Of Design for a year, leaving without completing the program.

HIS WORKS....•The Gehry House•GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM•WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL

“ I approach each building as a sculptural object, a spatial container, a space with light and air, a response to context and appropriateness of feeling and spirit. To this container, this sculpture, the user begins his baggage, his program, and interacts with it to accommodate his needs. If he can’t do that, I’ve failed.” -FRANK O.GEHRY ‘’Every building is by its very nature a sculpture. You can't help

it. Sculpture is a three-dimensional object and so is a building.“

•Piano was born in Genoa, Italy, in 1937, into a family of builders.

RENZO PIANO:

•He was educated and subsequently taught at the Politecnico di Milano.

•He graduated from the University in 1964 with a dissertation about modular coordination (coordinazione modulare) supervised by Giuseppe Ciribini[4] and began working with experimental lightweight structures.

“architecture is more lasting and profound” and if it is done wrong, with the wrong intentions and assumptions, then “it is wrong for a long time”. In regards to his work, Renzo Piano speaks about the “good and bad stories” that surround buildings.

HIS THEORIES:

•Nemo Science Centre in Amsterdam. The shape reflects the tunnel entrance it is built on (1997)

•The Living Roof of the California Academy of Sciences, a museum and research facility in San Francisco, United States (2008)

•Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (1991–1994)

•Shard London Bridge, London, UK (2012)

•The New York Times Building, New York (2007)

HIS WORKS....

•Born -28 July 1951 (age 63)Benimàmet, Valencia, Spain

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA:

•Nationality - Spanish•Education - Polytechnic University of ValenciaSwiss Federal Institute of Technology

Engineering career•Engineering discipline -Structural engineer, Architect, •Sculptor Institution membership-Institution of Structural Engineers

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•The Milwaukee Art Museum inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, US•Allen Lambert Galleria atBrookfield Place, in Toronto, Canada•Puente del Alamillo at night, made for the Expo 92, Seville, (1992)•Auditorio de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain•Bahnhof Stadelhofen in Zürich

"The desire to start over from zero was extremely strong for me. I was determined to set aside all of what i worked with in architecture school and to learn to draw like and engineer and to think like one, too. I was fascinated by the concept of gravity and resolute in feeling that it was necessary to work with simple forms. I could say that my taste for simplicity in engineering comes in part from my observation of the work of the Swiss engineer Robert Maillart. With simple forms he showed that its is possible to create a strong content and to elicit a emotional response. With the proper combination of force and mass, you can create emotion.”

– Santiago Calatrava

HIS WORDS.....

Born: June 1, 1935 in Manchester, EnglandEducation:· 1961: Manchester University School of Architecture· Master's Degree, Yale University, Henry FellowshipPartnerships:Sir Norman Foster has won numerous awards and honers, including· 1983: RIBA Royal Gold Medal· 1990: RIBA Trustees Medal for the Willis Faber Dumas building· 1990: Knighthood from the Queen of England· 1994: American Institute of Architects Gold Medal· 1997: Appointed by the Queen to the Order of Merit· 1999: Pritzker Architecture Prize· 1999: Honored by the Queen as Lord Foster of Thames Bank

SIR NORMAN FOSTER:

Mexico City’s New Airport•The building is designed to be the world’s most sustainable airport, with the single lightweight shell using far less material than a cluster of buildings, and cooling and ventilation strategies that require little to no mechanical assistance for most of the year.

expo MRT Station- Singapore-

HIS WORKS.....

•The station's shell-shaped roof is derived from the section of a torus, as the eventual shape of the roof resembles a cylindrical cut perpendicular to the torus, while the shell roof is supported by two pairs of "Y" shaped. These columns are unique in that they are built outside the station platform and behind the train tracks.

ZAHA MOHAMMAD HADID:

•Nationality : Iraqi-British •Birth : October 31, 1950 (age 62), Baghdad •Education : 1968 - 1971 Trained Maths at the American University of Beirut• 1972 - 1977 Studied architecture at the Architectural Association School •Practice : Joined OMA (office of metropolitan architecture) and became a partner (1977).Own practice ZAHA HADID office (from 1980).

•MAXXI •Bridge Pavilion •London Aquatics Centre

HER WORKS...

Style Zaha Hadids style is boldly contemporary, organic and innovative.The architect pushes design through new technology and materials and never does ordinary.She was inspired by Yohji Yamamoto and his asymmetry Her creations are more to do with topography and landscape, emulating a natural form.As well as creating architecture the architect is a celebrated painter, designer of furniture and interior products + fittings such as bowls and chandeliers.

HER STYLE...