history: indus valley architecture
TRANSCRIPT
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Civilization
The stage of human social development and organization
that is considered most advance
The society, culture, and way of life of a particular area
Bronze Age Civilization Harappan Civilization(2600-1900 BC)
Major Cities
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
Pottery
Jewelry Making
Clay Bricks
Priest-Kings
Revered Bull
Animism
All living things have a
soul
Polytheism
Many Gods
Traders or Artisans
• Different types of seals and standardized weights suggest a system of trade
• Advanced detailing in the astonishing artefacts
Living Standard
• Low wealth concentration through clear social leveling
• Access to water and supples and drainage facilities
• graineries
• Ornaments made out of gold and ivory
• Hygiene and cleanliness were among the high priorities of the society
• Evidence of quality municipal planning and efficient municipal government
Technology• Measurements–Great accuracy in
measurement in measuring mass length and time
• Metallurgy –Brass, copper, bronze,
ivory
Knowledge of DentistryOldest evidence of drilling teeth
Artefacts and Handicrafts
Clay Sculpture
Egg Shaped Whistles
Figurines
Ceramics
Copper Plate
Ornaments
• First known use of cotton as fiber for weaving textiles
Cotton
Games
• Dice and small sculptures of bullock carts were probably used as toys and games
Architecture of Indus Valley Civilization
VERY ADVANCE……………………
How advance?
Water Supplies andDrainage Facilities
Residential Buildings
• Mainly made up of bricks• Open terrace flanked by
rooms• Ratio og lenth to width to
thickness at 4:2:1• Houses have multiple
stories• No windows• Own private wells• Own private bathrooms• Clay pipes led from the
bathrooms to sewers located under the streets
The Great Bath
The Great Bath
• 179 feet long and 107 feet wide
• complex has a large quadrangle in the center with galleries and rooms on all sides. In the center of this quadrangle there is a large swimming enclosure that is 39 feet long, 23 feet wide and 8 feet deep
• Used for religious or ritualistic purposes
• Connected to an elaborate water supply and sewer system.
Drainage System
Drain
Granaries• The largest building found
at Mohenjo-Daro– Running 150 feet long, 75
feet wide and 15 feet high– Diveded into 27
compartments in 3 rows– Well ventilated and it was
possible to fill grain in from outside
• Made of burnt brick• Air-ducts are provided
under the wooden floor• The row of triangular
openings may have been for ventilation
Streets and Walls
Public Well
The Assembly Hall
• Covers an area of 750 square meters• Four rows of
fine brick piers and pillars at the corners
Earliest Form of Sanitary Engineering
• 1st known toilets and running water
• By 2500 BC, highly developed drainage systems where wastewater from each house flowed into the main drain
Private Bathrooms
Urban Sanitation System
• Houses were lined with drains covered with burnt clay bricks (burning makes clay harder, more dense)
• Had manhole covers, chambers, etc., to facilitate maintenance
• First form of sanitary engineering
• Waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets
Natural Resources
• Fresh water and timber• Materials:– Gold – Silver– Semi-precious stones– Marine resources
Four theories of CollapseArchaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappan “Civilization”. • Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding,
decrease in precipitation, and the desiccation of the Indus River.
• The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.– Image in text of “massacre” thought to support this hypothesis. Later
interpreted as “peaceful” mass burial. • Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a
combination of factors from ecological disasters.
References• http
://science.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology/mohenjo-daro
• http://www.crystalinks.com/induscivilization.html• http://arthistoryworlds.org/architecture-of-the-in
dus-valley/• http://www.gktoday.in/architecture-in-indus-valle
y-civilization/• http://indiapicks.com/annapurna/A_Indus.htm• http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/entertai
nment/indian-art-architecture-indus-valley-civilization.html
• http://www.google.com.ph• http://www.merriam-webster.com/