Mohsin Hakim

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History and Kings of india.

History and Kings of in India

8th Century Muhammad bin Qasim

In 711, the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus sent two failed expeditions to Balochistan (an arid region

on the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Asia, presently split between Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan)

and Sindh.

Nature of the expeditions was punitive, and in response to raids carried out by pirates on Arab

shipping, operating around Debal. The allegation was made that the King of Sindh, Raja Dahir. The

third expedition was led by a 20-year-old Arabian chieftain named Muhammad bin Qasim.

Bin Qasim invaded the sub-continent at the orders of Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef, the governor of Iraq.

Qasim's armies defeated Raja Dahir at what is now Hyderabad inSindh in 712. He then proceeded

to subdue the lands from Karachi to Multan with an initial force of only six thousand Arabian

tribesmen; thereby establishing the dominion of the Umayyad Caliphate from Lisbon in Portugal to

the Indus Valley. Qasim's stay was brief as he was soon recalled to Iraq, and the Caliphates rule in

South Asia shrank to Sindh and Southern Punjab in the form of Arab states, the principal of whom

were Al Mansura and Multan.

Ghurid Saltanate

879-1215 (336 years) (9th Century to early 13th Century)

Name Reign

Amir Suri 9th-century – 10th-century

Muhammad ibn Suri 10th-century – 1011

Abu Ali ibn Muhammad 1011–1035

Abbas ibn Shith 1035 – 1060

Muhammad ibn Abbas 1060 – 1080

Qutb al-din Hasan 1080 – 1100

Izz al-Din Husayn 1100–1146

Sayf al-Din Suri 1146–1149

Baha al-Din Sam I 1149

Ala al-Din Husayn 1149–1161

Sayf al-Din Muhammad 1161–1163

Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad

1163–1202

Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad

1202–1206

Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud 1206-1212

Baha al-Din Sam III 1212–1213

Ala al-Din Atsiz 1213-1214

Ala al-Din Ali 1214-1215

Delhi Sultanate

13th Century to 16th Century 1206-1526 (302 Years)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210), appointed Naib us Sultanat by Mu'izz al-Din

Muhammad, first Muslim Sultan of India, ruled with Delhi as capital

Aram Shah (1210–1211)

Shams ud din Iltutmish (1211–1236), son-in-law of Qut-bud-din Aibak

Rukn ud din Firuz (1236), son of Iltutmish

Raziyyat-ud-din Sultana (1236–1240), daughter of Iltutmish

Muiz ud din Bahram (1240–1242), son of Iltutmish

Ala ud din Masud (1242–1246), son of Ruk-nud-din

Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246–1266), son of Iltutmish

Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266–1286), ex-slave, son-in-law of Sultan Nasir ud din Mahmud

Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1286–1290), grandson of Balban and Nasir-ud-din

Khalji dynasty

Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)

Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)

Umar Khan Khilji (1316)

Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320)

Khusro Khan (1320)

Tughluq dynasty

Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1320–1325)[83]

Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)

Mahmud Ibn Muhammad (March 1351)

Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)

Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)

Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)

Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1393)

Sikander Shah I (March - April 1393)

Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (Sultan Mahmud II) at Delhi (1393–1413), son of Nasir

uddin Muhammad, controlled the east[citation needed] from Delhi

Nasir uddin Nusrat Shah (1394–1414), grandson of Firuz Shah Tughluq, controlled the west[citation

needed] from Firozabad

Sayyid dynasty

Khizr Khan (1414–1421)

Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)

Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)

Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty

Bahlul Lodi (1451–1489)

Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)

Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526

Bahmani Sultanate

1347-1527 (180 years) 14th to 15th century

Shah Hasan Gangu 1347–1358 CE

Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

Shah Muhammad Shah Bahmani I 1358–1375 CE

Shah Mujahid Shah Bahmani 1375–1378 CE

Ala-ud-Din Mujahid Shah

Shah Dawood Shah Bahmani 1378 CE

Shah Mahmood Shah Bahmani I 1378–1397 CE

Shah Ghiyath-ud-din Shah Bahmani 1397 CE

Shah Shams-ud-din Shah Bahmani 1397 CE

Puppet King Under Lachin Khan Turk

Shah Feroze Khan 1397–1422 CE

Shah Ahmed Shah Wali Bahmani 1422–1436 CE

Shah Ala-ud-Din Ahmed Shah Bahmani

1436–1458 CE

Ala-ud-Din Ahmed Shah

Shah Humayun Shah Zalim Bahmani 1458–1461 CE

Ala-ud-Din Humayun Shah

Shah Nizam Shah Bahmani 1461–1463 CE

Shah Muhammad Shah Bahmani II 1463–1482 CE

Muhammad Shah Lashkari

Vira Shah Mahmood Shah Bahmani II 1482–1518 CE

Shah Ahmed Shah Bahmani II 1518–1521 CE

Puppet King Under Amir Barid I

Shah Ala-ud-Din Shah Bahmani II 1521–1522 CE

Ala-ud-Din Shah Puppet King Under Amir Barid I

Shah Waliullah Shah Bahmani 1522–1525 CE

Puppet King Under Amir Barid I

Shah Kaleemullah Shah Bahmani 1525–1527 CE

Puppet King Under Amir Barid I

Dissolution of the Sultanate into 5 Kingdoms namely; Bidar Sultanate; Ahmednagar Sultanate; Bijapur Sultanate; Golconda Sultanate and Berar Sultanate.

Kingdom of Mysore

1761- 1799 (38 years)

Berar Sultanate 1490-1596 (106 years )

Fath-Allah Imad-ul-Mulk 1490 – 1504 Aladdin Imad Shah 1504 – 1529 Darya Imad Shah 1529 – 1562 Burhan Imad Shah 1562 – 1568 Tufail Khan (usurper) 1568 – 1572

Durrani Empire 1747-1826 (79 years)

Ahmad Shah Durrani

1747–1772

Timur Shah 1772–1793

Zaman Shah 1793–1801

Mahmud Shah first reign 1801–1803

Shuja Shah 1803–1809 and 1839–1842

Mahmud Shah second reign 1809–1818

Sultan Ali Shah 1818–1819

Ayub Shah 1819–1823

Ma'bar Sultanate [Madurai Sultanate] 1335-1378 (48 years)

Titular Name Personal Name

Reign

Independence from Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi Sultanate.

Jalal-ud-din Shah Ahsan Khan 1335–1339 CE

Ala-ud-din Shah Udauji 1339 CE

Qutb-ud-din Shah Feroze Khan 1339–1340 CE

Ghiyath-ud-din Shah

Muhammad Damghani

1340–1344 CE

Nasir-ud-din Shah Mahmud Damghani

1344–1356 CE

Shams-ud-din Shah

Adil Khan 1356–1358 CE

Fakhr-ud-din Shah Mubarak Khan 1358–1368 CE

Ala-ud-din Shah II Sikandar Khan 1368–1378 CE

Conquered by Vijayanagar Empire.

Bengal Sultanate 1352–1576 (224 years)

Name Reign Notes

Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352-1414)

Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah

1352–1358 Became the first sole ruler of whole Bengal comprising Sonargaon,Satgaon and Lakhnauti.

Sikandar Shah 1358–1390 Assassinated by his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah

Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah

1390–1411

Saifuddin Hamza Shah

1411–1413

Muhammad Shah bin Hamza Shah

1413 Assassinated by his father's slave Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah on the orders of the landlord of Dinajpur, Raja Ganesha

Bayazid Shahi dynasty (1413-1414)

Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah

1413–1414

Alauddin Firuz Shah I

1414 Son of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah. Assassinated by Raja Ganesha

House of Raja Ganesha (1414-1435)

Raja Ganesha 1414–1415

Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

1415–1416 Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam

Raja Ganesha 1416–1418 Second Phase

Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah

1418–1433 Second Phase

Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah

1433–1435

Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435-1487)

Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah

1435–1459

Rukunuddin Barbak Shah

1459–1474

Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah

1474–1481

Sikandar Shah II 1481

Jalaluddin Fateh Shah

1481–1487

Habshi rule (1487-1494)

Shahzada Barbak 1487

Saifuddin Firuz Shah

1487–1489

Mahmud Shah II 1489–1490

Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah

1490–1494

Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494-1538)

Alauddin Hussain Shah

1494–1518

Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah

1518–1533

Alauddin Firuz Shah II

1533

Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah

1533–1538

Bengal Governors under Suri Empire (1532-1555)

Sher Shah 1532–1538 Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540.

Khidr Khan 1538–1541

Qazi Fazilat 1541–1545

Muhammad Khan Sur

1545–1554

Shahbaz Khan 1555

Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554-1564)

Muhammad Khan Sur

1554–1555 Declared independence and styled himself as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah

Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II

1555–1561

Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah

1561–1564

Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah III

1564

Karrani dynasty (1564-1576)

Taj Khan Karrani 1564–1566

Sulaiman Khan Karrani

1566–1572

Bayazid Khan Karrani

1572

Daud Khan Karrani 1572–1576

Mughal Empire

1526-1857 (331 years) 16th Century to 19th Century

Emperor Birth Reign Period

Death Notes

Babur Feb 23, 1483

1526–1530

Dec 26, 1530

Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother and was related to Timur through his father. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa.

Humayun Mar 6, 1508

1530–1540

Jan 1556 Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth and inexperience at ascension led to his being regarded as a less effective ruler than usurper, Sher Shah Suri.

Sher Shah Suri

1472 1540–1545

May 1545 Deposed Humayun and led the Suri Dynasty.

Islam Shah Suri

c.1500 1545–1554

1554 2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were eliminated by Humayun's restoration.

Humayun Mar 6, 1508

1555–1556

Jan 1556 Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530–1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.

Akbar Nov 14, 1542

1556–1605

Oct 27, 1605

He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous victories during theSiege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up the empire's various institutions; he married Mariam-uz-Zamani, a Rajput princess. One of his most famous construction marvels was the Lahore Fort.

Jahangir Oct 1569 1605–1627

1627 Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British East India Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.

Shah Jahan Jan 5, 1592

1627–1658

1666 Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort,Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore. Deposed by his son Aurangzeb.

Aurangzeb Oct 21, 1618

1658–1707

Mar 3, 1707

He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri; he captured the diamond mines of the Sultanate of Golconda; he spent the major part of his last 27 years in the war with the Maratha rebels; at its zenith, his conquests expanded the empire to its greatest extent; the over-stretched empire was controlled by Mansabdars, and faced challenges after his death. He is known to have transcribed copies of the Qur'an using his own styles ofcalligraphy. he died during a campaign against the ravaging Marathas in the Deccan.

Bahadur Shah I

Oct 14, 1643

1707–1712

Feb 1712 First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors.

Jahandar Shah

1664 1712–1713

Feb 1713 Was an unpopular incompetent titular figurehead;

Furrukhsiyar 1683 1713–1719

1719 His reign marked the ascendancy of the manipulative Syed Brothers, execution of the rebellious Banda In 1717 he granted a Firman to the English East India Company granting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, the Firman was repudiated by the notable Murshid Quli Khan.

Rafi Ul-Darjat

Unknown 1719 1719

Rafi Ud-Daulat

Unknown 1719 1719

Nikusiyar Unknown 1719 1743

Muhammad Ibrahim

Unknown 1720 1744

Muhammad Shah

1702 1719–1720, 1720–1748

1748 Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Tried to counter the emergence of the Marathas but empire disintegrated. Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.[38]

Ahmad Shah Bahadur

1725 1748–54

1775

Alamgir II 1699 1754–1759

1759 He was murdered according by the Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau.

Shah Jahan III

Unknown In 1759

1772 Was ordained to the imperial throne by Sadashivrao Bhau. Shah Jahan III was overthrown after the Third Battle of Panipat by Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.

Shah Alam II 1728 1759–1806

1806 Was nominated as the Mughal Emperor by Ahmad Shah Durrani after the Third Battle of Panipat. In 1764 saw the defeat of the combined forces of Mughal, Nawab of Oudh & Nawab of Bengal, Bihar at the hand of East India Company at the Battle of Buxar. Following this defeat, Shah Alam II left Delhi for Allahabad, ending hostilities with the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), which marked the beginning of British rule in India officially. Shah Alam II was reinstated to the throne of Delhi in 1772 by Mahadaji Shinde under the protection of the Marathas.[39] He was the last Mughal Emperor to have de jure control over the empire.

Akbar Shah II

1760 1806–1837

1837 He was a British pensioner. Under British protection, his imperial name was removed from the official coinage after a brief dispute with the British East India Company;

Bahadur Shah II

1775 1837–1857

1862 The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. End of Mughal dynasty.

Ancient India