history - india
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HISTORY - INDIA. LESSON #4. Indus River Valley Civilizations. Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.) dark skinned people (Dravidians) no written records: artifacts for studying polytheistic: worshipped animals CLOSE TO RIVER Food transportation. Invasions and Integration (mixing). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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HISTORY - INDIA
LESSON #4
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Indus River Valley Civilizations
• Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.)• dark skinned people (Dravidians)• no written records: artifacts for studying• polytheistic: worshipped animals
• CLOSE TO RIVER– Food– transportation
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• Aryans: fair skin • racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians• create caste system• stories (Vedas) - passed down by oral tradition• stories later written in Sanskrit
Invasions and Integration (mixing)
DravidianAryan
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Quick Quiz
1. Why would a civilization appear near to a river?
2. How are Aryans different from Dravidians?
3. What is a Veda?
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Muslim & Mongols (Mughals)
• Muslim Empire (750 – 1500)• lower castes embraced Islam• Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of
Hinduism
• Mughal Empire (1200s)• Most famous: Shah Jihan
Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal(she had died after 14th child)
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Quick Quiz
1. Describe what the Taj looks like.
2. What IS the Taj Mahal?
3. How many people are IN the Taj today?
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European Invasion1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947)
• 1498 – Portugal • 1707 – Dutch East India company
French Mississippi Company British East India Company took Western Cities of India – hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian soldiers)
• 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 2. Britain annexed India
Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIANext 100 yrs – British ruled Indiaforced Indian farmers to grow cash crops
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European Dominance of India
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OPIUM
TEA
SPICES
European Interest & Trade with India
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Indian Assimilation
Schools, hospitals, roads, railroadsCash CropsEnglish Language
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Rebellion by Indians
Sepoy Rebellion, 1857
• Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers• British merchants hired them for protection• British government started using them as
military• Sepoys rebelled
• The guns were loaded with cartridges• Cartridges were coated with animal fat• Indians didn’t want to bite into animals
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Empress Victoria
English Annexation of India (Start of the “British Raj”)
Queen Victoria
1858-1947
• Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as their main military in India
• British government annexed India• Goal: greater control• This ended Indian independence• Indians would now be treated as
slaves
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Quick Quiz
1. What nation came to annex India?
2. What was a Sepoy?
3. Who is Victoria (to India)?
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Indian IndependenceIndian Independence (1910-1947)
1920s – Mohandas Gandhi organized mass mobilizationComplete non-cooperation with British
1940s – Muslims demanded their own nation – Civil War 1947 (15 August) – two nations formed
10,000,000 uprooted by partition1 mil. Deaths in civil warExpulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism
Kashmir still not settled
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Indian Nationalism
Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma)Civil DisobedienceShame British into leavingDressed like a commoner
Salt March
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Disaster in the Indian Nationalism
• AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian protesters
• In 10 min., 379 were killed& 1,100 werewounded
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Indian Independence
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Quick Quiz
1. What did Gandhi do for Indians in India?
2. What type of “attack” did he encourage?
3. What two “sides” fought in the Civil War?
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Modern India
Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964
Indira GandhiDaughter of Nehru1955-1977. 1980-1984 assassinated
Rajiv Gandhi Son of Indira1984-1989
Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-present