historical geography

Historical GeographyHistorical Geography

Developed and Developing Developed and Developing CountriesCountries

Developed vs. DevelopingDeveloped vs. Developing►What is a “developed” country?What is a “developed” country?

►United StatesUnited States►Great BritainGreat Britain►ChinaChina►JapanJapan

►What is a “developing” country?What is a “developing” country?►Latin AmericaLatin America►Southeast and South AsiaSoutheast and South Asia►The Middle EastThe Middle East►African nationsAfrican nations

►Why aren’t some countries developed?Why aren’t some countries developed?

New York City, USANew York City, USA

Rural village in India or Rural village in India or PakistanPakistan

Historical GeographyHistorical Geography

►Until 1300AD large empires ruled in Until 1300AD large empires ruled in various regions of the worldvarious regions of the world

►After 1300, Europeans took control of After 1300, Europeans took control of the oceans and most of the known the oceans and most of the known worldworld

►ImperialismImperialism: a period in history when many : a period in history when many countries were ruled by a few powerful nations countries were ruled by a few powerful nations from about 1500-??from about 1500-??

Periods of HistoryPeriods of History

►Major Periods in World HistoryMajor Periods in World History►RenaissanceRenaissance►Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution►ImperialismImperialism►NationalismNationalism►Independence of developing countriesIndependence of developing countries►The Cold WarThe Cold War►ModernizationModernization

What Caused Imperialism?What Caused Imperialism?►The Emergence of The Emergence of

Europe as a World Europe as a World PowerPower Advances in TechnologyAdvances in Technology

►The Renaissance (~1350-The Renaissance (~1350-1600) encouraged 1600) encouraged inventions like the inventions like the compass and better compass and better weaponsweapons

Money EconomyMoney Economy►Start using paper and coin Start using paper and coin

money with the goal of money with the goal of making a profit making a profit (beginnings of capitalism)(beginnings of capitalism)

Need for cheap resources, Need for cheap resources, cheap laborcheap labor

►The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution New systems of production (machines and New systems of production (machines and

electricity)electricity) Europe began to compete for control of Europe began to compete for control of

natural resources in other regionsnatural resources in other regions

What Caused Imperialism?What Caused Imperialism?

What Caused Imperialism?What Caused Imperialism?►How did the Renaissance and Industrial How did the Renaissance and Industrial

Revolution make Europe a world power?Revolution make Europe a world power?►UrbanizationUrbanization: growth of cities: growth of cities►Reformers forced gov’ts. to become more Reformers forced gov’ts. to become more

democraticdemocratic►Better transportation and communicationBetter transportation and communication

►Europe used its weapons and wealth to Europe used its weapons and wealth to gain influence all over the worldgain influence all over the world

►WesternizationWesternization: adoption of western culture: adoption of western culture

NationalismNationalism

►NationalismNationalism: pride and loyalty to one’s : pride and loyalty to one’s countrycountry Nationalism led to rivalries, which were Nationalism led to rivalries, which were

part of the fighting that caused WWI in part of the fighting that caused WWI in 19141914

Nationalism rose out of imperialism in Nationalism rose out of imperialism in many regionsmany regions

After WWII, nationalist movements in After WWII, nationalist movements in imperialized countries led to independenceimperialized countries led to independence

The Cold WarThe Cold War

►A political and economic struggle A political and economic struggle between the democratic nations of the between the democratic nations of the West, led by the U.S., and the West, led by the U.S., and the Communist bloc, led by the Soviet Communist bloc, led by the Soviet UnionUnion

►Stockpiling of weaponsStockpiling of weapons►Competing for influence all over the world (a Competing for influence all over the world (a

second age of imperialism?)second age of imperialism?)

Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries►After imperial countries left, those After imperial countries left, those

regions remained dependent on Europe regions remained dependent on Europe and the United States for money and and the United States for money and resourcesresources

►Receive loans for transportation and Receive loans for transportation and communicationcommunication

►Debt crisisDebt crisis: countries cannot pay back high : countries cannot pay back high interest loansinterest loans

►Often, countries have to depend on Often, countries have to depend on cash crops or one profitable industry to cash crops or one profitable industry to pay back loanspay back loans

►Example: Indonesia– clothing, Colombia– illegal Example: Indonesia– clothing, Colombia– illegal drugsdrugs

Global IssuesGlobal Issues

►Refugees leaving poor nationsRefugees leaving poor nations


► Illegal Drug TradeIllegal Drug Trade


►TerrorismTerrorism: using bombings, hijackings, : using bombings, hijackings, etc. to publicize a cause and achieve etc. to publicize a cause and achieve goalsgoals


►The EnvironmentThe Environment Pollution, industrial accidents, population pressurePollution, industrial accidents, population pressure


►Human RightsHuman Rights Ex: Stopping genocide in Darfur (Sudan)Ex: Stopping genocide in Darfur (Sudan)


►Economic InterdependencyEconomic Interdependency

ReviewReview The Renaissance and Industrial Revolution The Renaissance and Industrial Revolution

contributed to the rise of Europe as a contributed to the rise of Europe as a major world powermajor world power

Age of Imperialism beginsAge of Imperialism begins Nationalism leads to independenceNationalism leads to independence The Cold War begins a mini-Age of The Cold War begins a mini-Age of

ImperialismImperialism Former imperialized countries continue to Former imperialized countries continue to

depend on the “West”depend on the “West” DEBT CRISISDEBT CRISIS

Major global issuesMajor global issues

historical geography

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