geog 4311 historical geography
TRANSCRIPT
Clarke Iakovakis | Research & Instruction Librarian | UHCL Neumann Library
Hopkins & Motter. Houston – A Modern City [map]. 1912. Scale not given. “Library of Congress Panoramic Maps Collection.” <http://www.loc.gov/item/75696599/> (16 Jan 2015).
Library Research for GEOG 4311: Historical Geography
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For me, the hardest part of research is…
a. Getting started
b. Finding relevant information
c. Writing the paper
d. Citing sources
e. None – research is easy
Outline for Today• Research is Inquiry• Determining Authority• Principles of Good Searching • BREAK• Searching in the Research
Databases & Library Catalog• Citing sources
Section 1: Research is Inquiry
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A literature review is part of the published work referencing related research, theory, and background information
A review of the literature (literature search) may be conducted to…◦ understand a topic◦ help you form a problem statement◦ provide confirmation of an already
existing hypothesis◦ analyze and interpret your own data◦ gain exposure to past, current, and
ongoing research about a subject you are exploring for research of your own
Reviewing literature
Research is inquiryResearch is an open-ended exploration and engagement with informationAnxiety is normal!Be open-minded—seek divergent perspectives and information that challenges your beliefs, and be skeptical
Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources
•Primary sources are the “raw material” or first-hand evidence•Secondary sources describe and interpret information from primary sources•Tertiary sources compile and summarize primary and secondary sources
Press A for True Press B for False
TRUE or FALSE?TRUE or FALSE?
Articles providing overviews of topics by synthesizing information gathered from
other resources are primary sources
TRUE or FALSE?TRUE or FALSE?
Diaries, news articles, speeches, & interviews are examples of primary sources.
The literature review“Your research is a small piece in a complicated jigsaw puzzle; it does not exist in isolation…Your reader needs to know about the whole jigsaw puzzle and not simply the shade and shape of your particular piece. In a literature review, you are contextualizing your work; you are describing the bigger picture that provides the background and creates the space or gap for your research”
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Ridley, D. (2012). The literature review: A step-by-step guide for students. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Section 2: Determining Authority
Benito Mussolini. Public domain image retrieved from Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives collection.
Authority is constructed and contextual“Authority” is a type of influence recognized or exerted in a communityDisciplines have acknowledged authorities--scholars & publicationsApproach “authoritative” perspectives with informed skepticism.
What are some indicators you can use to determine if information is valid?
CRAAP:•Currency•Relevance•Authority•Accuracy•Purpose
Give some examples of authorities who have been wrong
"Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?" -- H. M. Warner (1881-1958), founder of Warner Brothers, in 1927
"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out." -- Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962
"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." -- Thomas Watson (1874-1956), Chairman of IBM, 1943
“Animals, which move, have limbs and muscles. The earth does not have limbs and muscles; therefore it does not move.” -- Scipio Chiaramonti, Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics at the University of Pisa, 1633
What are some sources of scholarly information?BooksReference worksPeer reviewed journal articlesGray literatureReports (government, non-governmental
organizations)Theses & dissertationsConference proceedings
Archival sources
Anatomy of a scholarly article• Journal name, volume, issue, pages• Author credentials: university,
government, industry• Abstract• Introduction/literature
review/theoretical background• Methods• Findings/subsections• Discussion/Conclusions• References
Periodicals (journals, magazines)
Peer-reviewedRefereedScholarlyAcademic
TradeProfessionalPractitionerIndustry
GeneralPopular
Section 3: Principles of good searching
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• Determine your problem statement1• Identify the key concepts2• List alternate keywords, synonyms, and related words3• Join terms and concepts with appropriate Boolean
operators4• Make use of database’s limiters & suggested subject
terms 5• Organize and cite your sources6
Search Process
One
• How has racial desegregation progressed in America since the passage of the Civil Rights Act?
Two
• How has the Civil Rights Act affected racial desegregation in areas such as housing, health care, employment, and education in American cities?
Three
• To what extent has Civil Rights legislation reinforced or diminished housing discrimination, and what has been the effect on the distribution of population by race in American cities?
1. Determine your problem statement
2. Identify the key concepts
Housing Discrimination Cities
To what extent has Civil Rights legislation reinforced or diminished housing discrimination, and what has been the effect on the distribution of population by race in American cities?
Civil Rights Act Race Population
Housing
Residence/Residential
Neighborhood
Home ownership
Mortgage Loans
3. List alternate keywords, synonyms, and related words
OR
To what extent has Civil Rights legislation reinforced or diminished housing discrimination, and what has been the effect on the distribution of population by race in American cities?
Discrimination
Prejudice
Inequality
Jim Crow Laws
RacismOR
3. List alternate keywords, synonyms, and related words
To what extent has Civil Rights legislation reinforced or diminished housing discrimination, and what has been the effect on the distribution of population by race in American cities?
ANDOR
NOT
4. Join terms and concepts with appropriate Boolean operators
racismdiscrimination prejudice
M EOR
discrimination OR racism OR prejudice
Housing OR neighborhood OR mortgage loans
discrimination OR racism OR prejudice
AND
AND
Which statement below will generate more search results?
A.
B.
Which search will find FEWER results?
A.B.
OR
discrimination
discrimination
housing
housing
ANDORem
Truncation (Wildcards)
discriminate
discriminates
discriminating
discrimination
discriminator
discriminators
discriminat* * Search Tip
• State your research topic1• Identify the key concepts2• List alternate keywords, synonyms, and related words3• Join terms and concepts with appropriate Boolean
operators4• Make use of database’s limiters & suggested subject
terms 5• Organize and cite your sources6
Search Strategies
BreaktimePlease be back in 10 minutes
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Section 3: Research Databases & Library Catalog
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To what extent has Civil Rights legislation reinforced or diminished housing discrimination, and what has been the effect on the distribution of population by race in American cities?
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