HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Digestive System

Tongue53- Filiform Papillae 54- Fungiform Papillae 55- Circumvallate PapillaConical shape Mushroom shapeSS partially keratinised SSNK SSNKNo taste bud Taste bud on apical surface Taste bud on lateral surfaceIntrinsic muscles of tongue (skeletal muscle) – longitudinal, transverse, vertical

Salivary Glands99 - Parotid 98 - Submandibular 100 - SublingualCompound tubuloacinar gland

Compound tubuloacinar gland

Compound tubuloacinar gland

Capsule & septa Capsule & septa Capsule & septaSerous acini Serous acini > Mucous acini

Mucous acini capped with serous demilune

Mucous acini > Serous aciniMucous acini capped with serous demilune

Adipocyte Less adipocyte No adipocyte

Esophagus60 - Upper Esophagus 59 - Lower Esophagus

Mucosa SSNK epithelium SSNK epitheliumProminent muscularis mucosae

Submucosa Esophageal glands Esophageal glandsMuscularis externa 2 layers SM – CL*

Of skeletal muscles2 layers SM – CLOf smooth muscles

Adventitia √ √*inner circular, outer longitudinal

61 - Esophageal-stomach JunctionSSNK → SC epitheliumNo rugae → rugaeSmooth muscles 2 layers → 3 layers Gastric pits and gastric glands in stomach part

Stomach62 - Stomach : Fundus 63 - Stomach : Pyloric Reion

Mucosa Prominent rugaeSC epitheliumShort gastric pitsLong fundic glands

Prominent rugaeSC epitheliumDeep gastric pitsShort pyloric glands

64 - Pyloric-duodenal JunctionRugae → VilliPyloric glands → crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands)Brunner’s gland (duodenal glands) in duodenal partNo goblet cells → goblet cellsSmooth muscles 3 layers → 2 layers

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Small intestine65- Duodenum 66- Jejunum 67- Ileum

Mucosa SC + G *Intestinal villicrypts of Lieberkühn

SC + GIntestinal villicrypts of Lieberkühn

SC + GIntestinal villicrypts of Lieberkühn

Submucosa ** Brunner’s gland - Peyer’s patches (from lamina propria of mucosa)

*simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells**emphasize this characteristic feature first!! Other features of small intestine (Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM – CL; Serosa) no need to emphasize.

68 - Vermiform AppendixLymphatic nodules in submucosaSC + GNo villus mucosaCrypts of Lieberkühn(Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM – CL; Serosa)

69 - Large intestine (Colon)Taeniae coliSC + GNo villus mucosacrypts of Lieberkühn(Muscularis externa - 2 layers SM – C, L → Taeniae coli; Serosa)

70 - PancreasCapsule and SeptaA) Endocrine pancreas:Islets of LangehansB) Exocrine pancreas:Compound tubuloacinar serous glandDuct system – intercalated (short) → intralobular →interlobular → main pancreatic duct

71 - LiverCentral vein in the center of lobulePortal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile ducts) in the lobule peripheryIncomplete capsule and septaPlates of hepatic cells + hepatic sinusoids radiate from central veins toward periphery

72 - Gall bladder3 layers of gall bladder wall – mucosa, muscularis, adventitia/serosa (submucosa absent)Temporary mucosal foldsSC epithelium with striated border

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Reproductive System

88 - TestisSeminiferous tubule with stratified spermatogenic cellsSertoli cellsInterstitial Leydig cellsTunica albuginea

89 - EpididymisSpermatozoa in lumenPseudostratified columnar epi (stereociliated)Efferent ductules with irregular lumen

90 - Vas (ductus) deferensDeep longitudinal mucosal foldPseudostratified columnar epi (stereociliated)3 muscularis layers – LCL

91 - Seminal vesicleIrrergular primary & secondary mucosal foldGlandular epi - Pseudostratified columnar epi2 muscularis layers – CL

92 - Prostate glandCapsule & septaeGlandular epi - Pseudostratified columnar epiFibromuscular stromaEjaculatory duct, prostatic sinus and utricle Tubuloacinar gland

……Where the sperm traveled……seminiferous tubulesstraight tubulesrete testisefferent tubulesepididymis (head of epididymis , ductus epididymis)vas deferensejaculatory ductsurethra

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

80 - OvaryTunica albugineaSurface epithelium – simple cuboidal epitheliumCortex – developing folliclesMedulla – blood vessels, dense irregular CT

81 - Uterine tubeBranching longitudinal mucosal foldSimple columnar epithelium (ciliated)2 muscularis layers – CL

Uterus83 - Proliferative phase 84 - Menstrual phaseSimple columnar epithelium No simple columnar epitheliumEndometrium – functionalis & basalis Endometrium –basalisUterine gland in lamina propria Less uterine gland in lamina propriaVery thick myometrium

85 - CervixEndocervix – mucosal fold of endometriumCervix-vaginal junction - simple columnar epithelium SSNKMucus secreting columnar epitheliumCervical gland in lamina propriaUnarranged smooth muscle layer

82 -VaginaSSNKMucosa, lamina propria, muscularis externa, adventitiaNo gland2 muscularis layers – cl

86 - PlacentaMaternal part – decidua basalisFetal part – anchoring & floating villiSyncytiotrophoblast

Mammary gland48 - Active 47 - InactiveSecretory cells low cuboidal Secretory cells tall cuboidalLess interlobular adipocyte More interlobular adipocyteLess intralobular loose CT More intralobular loose CTMore alveoli, less duct system More duct system, less alveoli

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Endocrine System75 - Adrenal glandsCapsuleCortex – GFRMedulla – central vein

94 - HypophysisCapsulePars distalis- chromophobes , chromophilsPars intermedia – colloidal folliclePars nervosa – pituicytes , Herring bodies

95 - Thyroid glandsCapsule & septaeThyroid follicle with colloid in lumenThyroid follicular epithelium – simple cuboidal epitheliumParafollicular cells

96 - Parathyroid glandsCapsule & septaeAbundant adipocytesAbundant chief cells & oxyphil cells

76 - Pineal glandBrain sandPinealocytesNeuroglia

Muscle Tissues38 - Cardiac MuscleSingle centrally located nucleusStriated muscle fibersIntercalated discsBranching fibers

12 - Skeletal MuscleMultiple peripherally located nucleiLong striated non-branching muscle fibersNo intercalated discA band & I band clearly visible

11 - Smooth MuscleSingle centrally located nucleusSpindle shaped muscle cellsNon striated muscle cellsNo intercalated disc

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Central Nervous System

28 - Spinal CordCentral canalInner grey matter - cell body Outer white matter - myelinated fibers

Level Shape Anterior horns Posterior horns Lateral horns29 - Cervical Oval Absent30 - Thoracic Round Long slender Present31 - Lumbar Round-oval Present32 - Sacral Round Very large Absent

21, 22, 23 - Cerebral cortex 20 - postcentral gyrus- 6 cortical layers :-

molecularexternal granularpyramidalinternal granularinternal pyramidalmultiform cell layer

- Pyramidal cells- 3 meningeal layers – Dura, arachnoid, pia mater

25 - Cerebellum3 cortical layers :-

molecular layer - stellate cells, basket cellspurkinje layer - purkinje cellsgranular layer - granule cells

24 - Choroid plexusBlood capillariesEpendyma - Simple cuboidal epithelium (formed by CT from pia mater)

27 - PonsMyelinated nerve fibersTransverse fibersPontine nucleiPia materArachnoid mater

26 - Medulla oblongataCell bodies – large rounded nucleiNeuroglia – small nuclei

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

Lymphoid System

40 - Lymph NodesCapsule & trabeculaeSubcapsular sinusPrimary & secondary lymphoid nodules in cortexMedullary cords in medulla

42 - ThymusHassall’s corpuscles in medullaCapsule & trabeulaeIncomplete lobulationEach lobule has cortex & medulla

41 - SpleenCapsule & trabeulaeRed pulp – Billroth (splenic) cordsWhite pulp – Malphigian (splenic) corpuscles with central arteriole

97 - Palatine TonsilTonsillar cryptsPartially capsulatedSSNKPrimary & secondary lymphoid nodules

Respiratory System

57 - Vocal cordvocal cord – vestibular fold, ventricle, vocal foldvocal fold – SSNKvestibular fold – PSCC+G

58 - EpiglottisAnterior surface and half of posterior surface is SSNKThe other half of posterior surface is PSCC+GLamina propria – glandsElastic cartilage

50 - TracheaPSCC+GC shape cartilageTrachealis smooth muscle posteriorly

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

51 - LungAlveolar sacs & ductsAlveoli – simple squamous epitheliumIntrapulmonary arteries and veinsVisceral pleura

Urinary System

74 - KidneyCortex - Renal corpuscles – Simple squamous epithelium

Medullary rays Convoluted tubules

Medulla - Pyramid Renal column

78 - UreterStellate shape lumen3 muscularis layers - LCLTransitional epithelium

77 - Urinary bladderTransitional epitheliumLamina propria thrown into mucosal folds3 layers of detrusor musles – LCL

79 - Prostatic UrethraTransitional epitheliumLamina propria with loose CTIrregular lumen

7 - Transitional EpiteliumThick luminal membraneDome shaped luminal cellsCuboidal basal cellsSome cells are binuclear

Integumentary System

46 - Thick SkinThick epidermis – 5 layers (BAS GLUCO)Sweat glandsNo hair follicle, no sebaceous glandMore adipose tissue in hypodermis

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

44, 45 - Thin SkinThin epidermis – 3 layers (BAS CO)Sweat glands, hair follicle, sebaceous glands in dermisSweat glands, hair follicle in hypodermisLess adipose tissue in hypodermis

Cardiovascular system34, 35 - Aorta (Elastic artery)IEM not clearly seen - Tunica intima and tunica media difficult to distinguishTunica media – mainly elastic fibersTunica adventitia – thin

36 - Artery (Muscular artery)IEM clearly seenTunica media – mainly SM fibersTunica adventitia – thick

37 - VeinNo IEM, no EEMTunica intima and tunica media - thinTunica adventitia – thick

39 - Purkinje FibersPale staining – contain glycogenMyofibrils in the peripheryLocated in subendocardial layers

General8 - TendonAvascularHomogenousFibroblasts

10 - Elastic CartilageElastic fibersAvascularNon-homogenousLacuna with chondrocytes

9 - Hyaline CartilageCollagen fibersHomogenousLacuna with chondrocytes

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HISTOLOGY CRASH COURSE ,

16 - Compact boneHaversian system – a central canal with concentric lamellaeLacunae in between lamellaeCanaliculi radiate form lamellae

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