HinduismBy: Sophia Brockman, Collin Teng, Ilham Batar and Henry Ponce

Foundation ilham

• Hinduism is the world's oldest religion

• There was no hinduism before modern times, although the sources of Hindu traditions are very ancient.

• Hinduism is not a single religion but embraces many traditions.

• Hinduism has no definite starting point

• The traditions which flow into hinduism may go back several thousand years and some practitioners claim that the hindu revelation is eternal.

• Although there is an emphasis on personal spirituality, Hinduism's history is closely linked with social and political developments, such as the rise and fall of different kingdoms and empires.

• The early history of Hinduism is difficult to date and Hindus find themselves tend to be more concerned with the substance of a story or text rather than its date.

Deities ilham Brahma:

Brahma is the first god in the Hindu triumvirate, or trimurti. The triumvirate consists of three gods who are responsible for the creation, upkeep and destruction of the world. The other gods are Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma’s job was creation of the world and all creatures. Brahma is the least worshipped God in Hinduism today.There are only two temples in the whole of India devoted to him. Brahma has 4 heads and it is believed that from these heads came the four Vedas or the most ancient religious texts for Hindus. Some also believe that the caste system came from different parts of Brahmas body. Brahma isn't worshipped as much is because it is believed that Brahma’s role as the creator is over.

Deities ilham

Vishnu:Vishnu is the second God in the Hindu triumvirate. Vishnu's role is to return to the earth in troubled times and

restore the balance of good and evil. So far, he has been incarnated nine times, but Hindus believe that he will be

reincarnated one last time close to the end of this world.Vishnu's worshippers, usually called Vaishnava, consider

him the greatest god. They regard the other gods as lesser or demi gods. Vaishnava worship only Vishnu. Rama

is said to be one of Vishnu's incarnations.Vishnu is represented with a human body, often with blue coloured skin

and with four arms. His hands always carry four objects in them, representing the things he is responsible for.

Deities ilham

Shiva:

Shiva is the third god in the Hindu triumvirate. Shiva’s role is to destroy the universe in order to re-create it. Shiva is

seen as the source of both good and evil and is regarded as the one who combines many contradictory elements.

In his man representation, Shiva always has a blue face and throat. His body is white but some images show him

with a blue body. Shiva is sometimes represented as half man half woman. Shiva is represented with a third eye,

cobra necklace, the vibhuti (3 white ash lines), and the trident.

Worship ilham

• Hindu worship or puja involves images (murtis), prayers (mantras) and diagrams of the universe (yantras).

• Worship can be at home or in the temple.

• Hindu worship is an individual act rather than a communal one, it involves making personal offerings to the deity.

• Worshippers repeat the names of their favourite gods or goddesses, and repeat prayers.

• The majority of Hindu homes have a shrine where offerings are made and prayers are said.

• Family members often worship together.

• Pilgrimage is important in Hinduism. It's an undertaking to see and be seen by the deity.

• Popular pilgrimage places are rivers, but temples, mountains, and other sacred sites in India are also destinations for pilgrimages, as sites where the gods may have appeared or become manifest in the world.

Ethics s

• War- they promote it as a moral duty, to send people out as warriors

• Capital Punishment- they oppose killing, violence, and revenge.

• Organ Donation- life after death is a big belief in hinduism. It also ties karma if they give organs they could receive one in another life.

Holy Days s

• Diwali- is the Hindu festival of lights it is the most popular festival in South Asia. it extends over 5 days. This one is very popular among the children.

• Thaipusam: It is about faith, endurance, and penance. Malaysia it's a dynamic, colourful, happy yet devotional event which can stretch for 3 or 4 days, and attract around one and a half million people each year.

• Vaisakhi: This festival is signifying harvest, and can be celebrated like a harvest festival. it is celebrated in an honoring of the goddess Jwalamukhi.

Rituals

The religious practices for Hinduism can be broken into three different parts. The first one is Nitya, this is the part where the Hindu pray and make sacrifices to the gods at the shrine or the praying room in their house. The second one is Naimittika, this is the equivalent to the holidays for us, this only happens once a year or annually. The third is Kamya, these are the “optional” religious parts of the tradition.

Sacred places: CollinOne of the most sacred places to the Hindus that does not include their places of worship is the Ganges River. The Hindus

find this river so sacred because once the Hindus believe that the ganges river once flowed in the heavens, but it was ordered down to earth. The gods were scared that the river would flood the world on the way down from heaven. So they seeked helped from shiva and once he captured it in his locks he placed the river on earth. Because of this most of the Hindus want to be cremated when they die and scattered in the river. Also every year many of the Hindus travel down to the river to bathe in it. The Hindus view this as an act of washing away their sins. This would be considered under the category of pilgrimages in the category of rituals. Another sacred place is Chidambaram, this is considered a sacred place because the Chidambaram is the true kovil. the definition of kovil is a temple or holy place that is specifically assigned to Hinduism.

Diffusion: CollinHinduism has had a great impact on the southeast part of Asia. Hinduism was brought about because of a few

reasons, one of the reasons is that Hinduism had a whole language dedicated to its realigion. This language was sandscript, one idea of how the religion spread was when the Indian Merchants settled in the northern part of India they brought Brahmins (members of the hindu cast of priesthood) and they also brought Buddhist Monks. These men were patronized by rulers and one by one they converted. The first evidence of where this intricate religion came from was when a piece of work written in sanskrit was discovered in Borneo. Later in the 9th century Hinduism along with Buddhism spread throughout the southeast part of Asia. For the case of Hinduism historians say that they spread to Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand and India which is the religion's place of origin.

Places of worship: CollinThere are two main places that the Hindus worship. The first one is th The central shrine repre temple, the temple is a symbol for the Hindus. The different parts of the temple is a symbol to Hindus. A few examples of how the different parts represent the Temple is the central shrine of the Temple represents the heart of the shrine and the tower represents the pathway of the spirit to heaven. One fact is that the Vedas (an important holy text that was written in sanskrit) can be read by the Priest to gather the worshippers but also the twice born Hindus can read the Vedas to gather the worshippers. The religious practices for Hinduism can be broken into three different parts. The first one is Nitya, this is the part where the Hindu pray and make sacrifices to the gods at the shrine or the praying room in their house.

Karma: Henry

Karma is regarded as an action that brings a reaction which is dictated upon the persons Action. If said person performs a good deed it is expected that said person could expect a good Reaction based upon their Action. This is believed to continue for the rest of their life. It is a system that encourages good behavior and deeds for the people whom observe these tradition. Karma is regarded as a law of nature that is Automatic and mechanical as a part of the universe.Hindus believe that a pilgrimage to sacred places that will help them clear themselves of bad karma. The actions that the person committed over their lifetime will be bound to the persons Atman (Soul) and that with the cycle of rebirth (Samsara)and will be carry their Karma to their other lives.

Caste system: Henry

The Caste is assigned by the social class that the person belongs in. If the person performs their duties in their class, they will be elevated to a higher class than before. If the person does not perform their duties correctly they will be brought down one level.

Holy text’s: Henry-Vedas: it contains various hymns that are supposed to be sung the the Hotar (presiding priest)

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