MG Atsushi Hikita Defense Attach, Japan

Japans Defense for next decades

Building a Dynamic Joint Defense Force

Ministry of Defense, Japan

Table of Contents

1

NSS, NDPG and MTDP

Security Environment Surrounding Japan

Japans Basic Defense Policy

Future Defense Forces

Mid-Term Defense Program

2

NSS, NDPG and MTDP

N D P G

M T D P

annual budget

Prescribe future defense force and target levels of defense force

Indicate (limits of) five-year total expenditures and quantity of major equipment

Examine based on the current situations

N S S Basic policy for national security centered around diplomatic and defense policies

NSS, NDPG and MTDP

3

(approx. 10-year time frame)

(approx. 10-year time frame)

19y.

background

End of Cold War Uncertainty International Contribution

background

Detente Military Balance between US and USSR Domestic requirement

New threat/ Terrorism, BM Global Peace for JPN Deterrence to Response

background

NDPG2004

9y.

Concept of Basic Defense Capability

Concept of Basic Defense Capability

Defense of Japan+Dealing with various contingencies, e.g. major disasters,Contributing to building a more stable security environment

Multifunctional, flexible, effective defense capability

Basic Theory

Basic Theory

Basic Theory

NDPG1995

NDPG1976

NDPG2010

6y.

Dynamic Defense Forces

Basic Theory Change of global power balance Complexity of military condition Change of the role of military power

background

3y.

New NDPG Increasing complexity of the Security Environment US Rebalancing

Lesson from the great earthquake

background Basic Theory

Dynamic Joint Defense Force

Changes in the Concept of Defense Force

4

5

Security Environment Surrounding Japan

Japans Geographical Features etc.

Security Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region

Global Security Environment

Security Environment Surrounding Japan

Interdependence Trends of gray zone situations Infringing freedom of the high seas Use of outer and cyber spaces

Gray zone situations: tend to linger, evolve into more serious situations North Korea: nuclear and missile development China: wide and rapid military reinforcement, expanding and intensifying activities

U.S. : strategic rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region

Safety of maritime and air traffic lays foundation for peace and prosperity

Response to large-scale natural disasters

North Koreas newly developed missile

Disaster Relief for Great East Japan Earthquake

Conclusion Security environment surrounding Japan has become increasingly severe. Countries need to further cooperate and actively respond in pursuit of stability in

the region and the international community. 6

Senkaku islands

Nuclear testFeb, 2013

Missile launch(Dec, 2012)

PLA navy ships painting radar on MSDFs destroyerJan, 2013

Submarine navigation within Japan contiguous zoneMay, 2013

3 PLA navy ships navigation through Osumi channel Jun/ Aug, 2013

5 PLA navy ships navigation through Soya channelJul, 2013

4 PLA navy ships navigation between two Japan islands Dec, 2012, May, 2013

Tu-95 flight around Japan Mar/ Dec, 2013

2 RS fighters encroachment of Japan air spaceFeb, 2013

RS combat readiness inspection Jul, 2013

16 RS navy ships Navigation through Soya channelJul/ Aug, 2013

2 RS aircrafts encroachment of Japan air spaceAug, 2013

UAV flight Sep, 2013

12 PLA aircrafts Flight around Okinawa Jul/ Oct, 2013

5 PLA navy ships navigation to Pacific OceanJan/ May/ Oct, 2013

3 PLA navy ships navigation to Pacific OceanMar/ Dec, 2013

as of Jan. 6, 2014

RS navys EXAug-Sep, 2-13

7

CH establishment of ADIZ Nov, 2013

4 PLA aircrafts flightNov, 2013

PLAQ navy ships encroachment of Japan waterstotal 52 times for last 1 year

CMS aircrafts encroachment of Japan air spaceDec, 2012

Reference 1 Recent Security Incidents surrounding Japan

Development to a new phase Miniaturization of nuclear weapons/ nuclear warhead

10

20

30

Toksa Scud B/C Nodong Taepodong Musudan Taepodong 2

RG

Approx.

20km

Approx.

300/500km

Approx.

1,300km

Approx.

1,500km+

Approx.

2,5004,000km

Approx.

6,000km

/10,000km+

(m) Variant

Range of NK Ballistic Missiles

Launch of Missile on Dec 12, 2012

Reference 2 NK Ballistic Missile

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

08 09 10 11 12 13

Reference 3 CH Defense Budget and Activities in waters near JP

The number of CH official

boats intruding into Japan

territorial waters

The number of CH naval surface

vessels advancing to the Pacific

Ocean 0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0

5

10

15

20

25

(%)

Year-on-year growth rate(%)

(100 million yuan)

1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

Growth of more than 33-fold over the past 25 years approx. growth of quardrupled in size over the past ten years

2013

Growth of double-digit percent every year

JP

Defe

ns

e B

ud

ge

t

Announced Defense Budget

2010

CH announced a national defense budget for FY2013 of approx. 720.2billion yuan=approx. 94 billion dollars

Growth of approx. 10.7%(approx. 69.8 billion yuan) compared to the initial budget amount for the previous FY.

2003

year

1 1

23

52

0

5

10

15

08 09 10 11 12 13 year

2 4 5

11 14

2

9

Quelle: Defence of Japan 2013

Reference 4 Number of Scrambles

10

Reference 5 Example of Flight of Chinese Aircraft

Quelle: Defence of Japan 2013

11

Japans Geographical Features etc.

Security Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region

Global Security Environment

Security Environment Surrounding Japan

Interdependence Trends of gray zone situations Infringing freedom of the high seas Use of outer and cyber spaces

Gray zone situations: tend to linger, evolve into more serious situations North Korea: nuclear and missile development China: wide and rapid military reinforcement, expanding and intensifying activities

U.S. : strategic rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region

Safety of maritime and air traffic lays foundation for peace and prosperity

Response to large-scale natural disasters

North Koreas newly developed missile

Disaster Relief for Great East Japan Earthquake

Conclusion Security environment surrounding Japan has become increasingly severe. Countries need to further cooperate and actively respond in pursuit of stability in

the region and the international community. 12

Senkaku islands

15

Japans Basic Defense Policy

Japans Own Effort Build up Dynamic Joint Defense Force

Strengthening Japan-U.S. Alliance Strengthen deterrent and response capability Enhance and expand cooperation in broad areas Steadily implement measures related to the stationing of USFJ

Active Facilitation of Security Cooperation Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region Cooperation with the international community

Three Pillars of Approaches

16

Dynamic Joint Defense Force

Increasing situations that require SDF commitment

Swiftly and sustainably conduct proper activities Sufficient defense force in terms of quality and quantity Total optimization of important functions and capabilities Developing effective defense force capable of conducting

diverse activities based on joint operation seamlessly and

dynamically

Build up Dynamic Joint Defense Force with emphasis on readiness, sustainability, resiliency and connectivity

17

18

Review the Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation Guidelines Establish seamless cooperation posture

Strengthen Deterrent and Response Capability

Strengthen Japan-U.S. Alliance Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements/ an axis for Japans security Japan-U.S. Alliance/ public commons for stability and prosperity

Operation Tomodachi

Futenma Air Station

Contribute to peace and stability of the international community In responding natural disasters, further enhance coordination Enhance cooperation in broad areas

Enhance and Expand Cooperation in Broad Areas

Stably support smooth & effective stationing of USFJ Reorganization, integration or reduction of US facilities

Steadily Implement Measures for Stationing of U.S. Forces in Japan

Joint training with USMC

(Guam, Tinian)

19

Active Promotion of Security Cooperation

ADMM-plusAugust,2013 Joint training with India JP-RS 2+2 meeting (November,2013

Cooperation with Australia in

peace keeping activities

Promote a variety of further cooperative initiatives in a multi-layered manner

ROK Promote close cooperation and establish a foundation for further cooperation. Australia Further deepen the cooperative relationship. China Promote security dialogue/ Exchanges/ Develop confidence-building measures. Russia Develop mutual trust India Strengthen the relationship in a broad range of fields Capacity Building Assistance Promote as it is effective in stabilizing the security environment and bilateral defense cooperation. Multilateral Security Cooperation and Dialogue Participate in multilateral joint training / Attaching importance to multilateral frameworks

Strengthen the relationship with the countries in the Asia-Pacific region

Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region

20

Continue and strengthen various initiatives Arms control, disarmament, nonproliferation and capacity building assistance. Cooperation with European countries Cooperation and exchanges with regard to equipment and technology Promotion of international peace cooperation activities Various international peace cooperation activities in a multi-layered manner

Cooperation with international community

Active Promotion of Security Cooperation

International Peacekeeping

Activities

Capacity building assistance Emergency relief

activities(Philippines)

Difficult for a single country to respond to global security challenges on its own. The roles of military forces have diversified.

Promote various initiatives to improve the global security environment.

Japan-UK Defense

Ministerial Consultations

21

Future Defense Forces

Roles of Defense Force & Important Functions and Capabilities

Roles of Defense Force

Effective Deterrent and Response Capabilities in Various Contingencies

Stabilization of the Asia-Pacific region & Improvement of Global Security Environment

Security in the surrounding waters Ballistic missile attacks Large-scale natural disasters

Attacks on remote islands Attacks in outer space & cyber space

Conduct training & exercises Promote capacity building assistance Engage in International Peacekeeping Activities

Facilitate defense cooperation and exchanges Ensure maritime security Cooperate in arms control & disarmament

Priorities in Strengthening Architecture of the Self-Defense Forces

Functions & Capabilities to be Focused on

Surveillance capability Transport capability Response to attacks on remote islands Response to attacks in outer space & cyber space Engage in International Peacekeeping Activities

Intelligence function C3I capabilities Response to ballistic missile attacks Response to large-scale natural disasters

22

Rapid deployment divisions & brigades Transform about half of divisions & brigades into rapid deployment

divisions & rapid deployment brigades

Establish amphibious mobile force Establish amphibious mobile force, so as to land on, recapture,

secure remote islands if attacked

23

Mobile Combat Vehicle (MCV)

Amphibious vehicle

Architecture of SDF - GSDF (1)

Introduce MCV Strengthen air lift capability

Establish Central Headquarters of GSDF

Present After Formation of Central HQ of GSDF

24

Defense Minister

Chief of Staff, Joint Staff

Defense Minister

Chief of Staff, Joint Staff

Architecture of SDF GSDF (2)

Establish Central Headquarters of GSDF

Western Regional

Army

Northern Regional

Army

Northeastern Regional

Army

Eastern Regional

Army Chubu* Regional

Army

*Chubu = central region of Japan

Western Regional

Army

Eastern Regional

Army

Northeastern Regional

Army

Chubu* Regional

Army

Central Readiness

Force Others: directly under

Minister

Northern Regional

Army

directions & orders

coordination

control, coordination report, orders etc.

International Peacekeeping

Activities

Units under direct control

of GSDF Central HQ

U.S. Force

U.S. Forces

GSDF Central HQ**

**Central HQ of GSDF ***SF = Self-Defense Fleet ****ADC=Air Defense Command = tentative name

Role of GSDF Central HQ: Nation-wide operation of

GSDF units (nation-wide operation across

regional armies, logistics operation etc.)

Role of GSDF Central HQ:

Total coordination among

Ground/Maritime/Air SDF and U.S. Forces

SF ***

ADC ****

SF ***

ADC ****

Facilitate efficiency & streamlining

Targeted organization of tanks, howitzers & rockets

Current

deployment

(tanks)

End of FY2013

Relocate tanks from units on mainland

Authorized Number of Personnel Maintain approx.159,000

Introduce MCV to rapid deployment divisions/ brigades

Future (tanks)

Integrate under direct control of Western

Regional Army

Deploy to divisions & brigades in Hokkaido

Architecture of SDF GSDF (3)

25

Preparation is to be retained to the minimum extent as required for adapting to

unforeseeable changes in the future

howitzers&rockets

approx. 600 approx. 300

tanks approx. 700 approx. 300

Present Future

substantial decrease from NDPG 2010 (approx. 400)

Destroyer units

Destroyers NDPG2010:48(12 destroyer units) NDPG2013:54 (14 destroyer units) Introduce new destroyers Increase 2 Aegis-equipped destroyers (6 8) Continue to develop destroyers new destroyer

Anti-submarine missions with towed sonar etc.

Architecture of SDF -MSDF (1)

Present (End of FY2013)

Future (in about 10 yrs)

47 Destroyers

54 Destroyers

Introduce new destroyers 25

Mine- Sweepers

18 Mine- Sweepers

28

Others

Patrol aircraft units

Submarine units

Maintain system of fixed-wing patrol aircraft (P-1/3C) (65) Increase patrol helicopter(SH-60K/J) (NDPG 2010:72 aircraft NDPG 2013: 80

Modification of transport vessels Consider multipurpose vessels Equip new destroyers with counter-mine function Life extension of existing vessels (destroyers etc.) and aircraft (P-3C, SH-60J)

at the end of FY2013: 16 submarines

(NDPG 2010: 22 submarines NDPG 2013: 22

Architecture of SDF MSDF (2)

30

Air warning & control units

8 warning groups

20 warning squadrons

2 AEW squadrons

28 warning squadrons

3 AEW squadrons

Transform warning groups into squadrons Establish 1 squadron in AEW group

End of FY2013 NDPG 2013

Organize E-2C units into

2 squadrons

Develop new early warning &

control systems

28

Nemuro

Abashiri

Wakkanai

Toubetsu

Okushiri-tou

Erimo

minato

Yamada

Kamo

Sado

Wajima

Kyouga-misaki

Takao-yama

Fukue-jima

Sefuri-san

Shimokoshiki-jima

Takahata-yama

Kushimoto

Kasatori-yama

Mineoka-yama

Omaezaki

takine-yama

Uni-shima

Mishima

Misawa

Hamamatsu

3

2

4

20 4

2

4

2

2

4

20

4

2 2

20

3

3 3

3

3

3

-

-

Okinoerabu-jima

Yozadake

Kume-jima

Miyako-jima

Naha

2

4

20

(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2017)

5

5

5 5

Architecture of SDF ASDF (1)

(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2016)

(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2015)

7

7 7

7

Fighter aircraft units

Fighter aircraft units: 12 SQs

Fighters: approx. 260

Fighter aircraft units: 13 SQs

Fighters: approx. 280

End of FY2013 NDPG 2013

Aerial refueling/transport units

Establish 1 squadron

End of FY2013 NDPG 2013

1 SQs 2 SQs

Establish 13th fighter squadron Increase fighter aircraft units at Naha Base to 2 SQs

29

Chitose

2nd Air Wing

3rd Air Wing

Misawa

Komatsu

6th Air Wing

Hyakuri

7th Air Wing

8th Air Wing

Tsuiki

Nyutabaru 5th Air Wing

83rd Air Squadron

Naha

Komaki

1st Transport Squadron

(404th Tactical Airlift Tanker

Squadron)

New Tanker

-

-

-

-

F-35 introduction from FY2017

FY2016

FY2015

Architecture of SDF ASDF (2)

Aegis-equipped destroyers Surface-to-air guided missile units

Improve simultaneous response capability (image)

Range of PAC-3 protection

Range of

PAC-3 MSE

protection

Introduce advanced PAC-3

Expand footprint Improve simultaneous engagement capability Improve sustained combat capability

Major projects

Increase Aegis ships equipped with BMD capability to 8 Introduce PAC-3 MSE

30

BMD System

alt

itu

de

distance

Kongo-class x 4

Kongo-class x 4

Atago-class x 2 New type x2

Kongo-class

Kongo-class Kongo-class

Atago-class

33

Mid-Term Defense Program

4 new airborne early warning (control) aircraft

3 high-altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles

23 fixed-wing patrol aircraft (P-1)

5 destroyers (including 2 Aegis-equipped destroyers

5 submarines

Continuous ISR in broad areas, to strengthen posture for

detecting various symptoms in an early stage

Ensure security of the surrounding waters and airspace

Early Warning (Control) Aircraft image

High-altitude long endurance UAV image

New destroyerimage

34

Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP(FY2014-2018)

35

Placement of Air warning & control units

Respond to attacks on remote islands (Develop Continuous ISR system) Deploy coastal surveillance Units to Yonaguni island

Organize a new squadron in AEW group, and deploy to Naha Air Base

Develop deployment foundation for mobile warning & control radar on remote islands

Newly established

Develop system necessary for Continuous ISR, to promptly respond to contingencies

Deploy coastal surveillance units to Yonaguni island

Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)

Yonaguni island Okinawa

Establish Yonaguni station (scheduled)

Facility improvement (image)

Misawa

Hamamatsu

Naha

1st air surveillance unit*

2nd air surveillance unit*

* = tentative name

Warning & control group

28 next-generation fighter aircraft (F-35A)

Improve capability of existing fighter aircraft

3 new aerial refueling/transport aircraft

Organize fighter aircraft (F-15) at Naha Air Base into 2 squadrons

Comprehensively improve air defense capabilities including cruise missile

response capability

Respond to attacks on remote islands (Obtain and secure air superiority)

36

Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)

Expand Aegis ship force (2 ships)

Introduce 2 new destroyers

23 rotary-wing patrol helicopters (SH-60K)

Steadily develop surface-to-ship guided missiles

By effectively accomplishing Continuous ISR and anti-submarine missions

etc., defend the surrounding waters

Respond to attacks on remote islands (Obtain and secure maritime superiority)

Introduce 17 tiltrotor aircraft

Steadily develop 10 transport aircraft (C-2)

Improve transport vessels

Actively utilize civilian transport capability

Consider multipurpose vessels & boats

Secure capabilities for prompt and large-scale transport & deployment , to enhance effective response capability

Respond to attacks on remote islands (improve capability for prompt deployment)

37

Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)

Newly deploy security units in charge of initial response

Establish amphibious rapid deployment force

Promptly improve authentic amphibious operational capability

Expand shared use of U.S. facilities with SDF in the Southwest region

Enhance data-linking functions among respective SDF

Strengthen amphibious operational capability & C3I system

Respond to attacks on remote islands (Improve response capability)

Develop advanced interceptors (SM-3 Block-II A)

Advanced interceptor missile (PAC-3 MSE)

Examine BMD posture for the future

Considering response capability against ballistic missile launch

Given North Koreas improved ballistic missile capability, seek for overall

enhancement of ballistic missile response capability

Respond to ballistic missile attacks

Aegis ship

PATRIOT system

38

Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)

Note 1:The current numbers of tanks and howitzers/rockets (authorized number as of the end of FY2013) are respectively approx. 700 and approx. 600,

which will be reduced respectively to approx. 300 and approx. 300 in the future.

Note 2: Regarding major equipment/units that may also serve for BMD missions, acquisition/formation will be allowed within the number of Destroyers

(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers), Air Warning & Control Units and Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units specified above.

Category Present (as of the end of FY2013) Future

GS

DF

Authorized Number of Personnel

Active-Duty Personnel Reserve-Ready Personnel

approx. 159,000

approx. 151,000

approx. 8,000

159,000

151,000

8,000

Major Units

Rapid Deployment Units Central Readiness Force

1 armored division

3 rapid deployment divisions

4 rapid deployment brigades

1 armored division

1 airborne brigade

1 amphibious rapid deployment brigade

1 helicopter brigade

Regional Deployment Units 8 divisions

6 brigades

5 divisions

2 brigades

Surface-to-Ship Guided Missile Units 5 surface-to-ship guided missile regiments 5 surface-to-ship guided missile regiments

Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units 8 anti-aircraft artillery groups/regiments 7 anti-aircraft artillery groups/regiments

MS

DF

Major Units

Destroyer Units

Submarine Units

Minesweeper Units

Patrol Aircraft Units

4 flotillas (8 divisions)

5 divisions

5 divisions

1 flotilla

9 squadrons

4 flotillas (8 divisions)

6 divisions

6 divisions

1 flotilla

9 squadrons

Major

Equipment

Destroyers

(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers)

Submarines

Combat Aircraft

47

(6)

16

approx. 170

54

(8)

22

approx. 170

AS

DF

Major Units

Air Warning & Control Units

Fighter Aircraft Units

Air Reconnaissance Units

Aerial Refueling/Transport Units

Air Transport Units

Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units

8 warning groups

20 warning squadrons

1 AEW group (2 squadrons)

12 squadrons

1 squadron

1 squadron

3 squadrons

6 groups

28 warning squadrons

1 AEW group (3 squadrons)

13 squadrons

2 squadrons

3 squadrons

6 groups

Major

Equipment

Combat Aircraft

Fighters approx. 340

approx. 260 approx. 360

approx. 280

39

NDPG Annex Table

Service Equipment Quantity

Ground Self-

Defense Force

Mobile Combat Vehicles

Armored Vehicles

Amphibious Vehicles

Tilt-Rotor Aircrafts

Transport HelicoptersCH-47JA Surface-to-Ship Guided Missiles

Mid-Range Surface-to-Air Guided Missiles

Tanks

Howitzers

99

24

52

17

6

9 companies

5 companies

44

31

Maritime Self-

Defense Force

Destroyers

(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers)

Submarines

Other Ships

Total

(Tonnage)

Fixed-Wing Patrol Aircraft (P-1)

Patrol Helicopters (SH-60K)

Multipurpose Helicopters (Ship-Based)

5

(2)

5

5

15

(approx.52,000t)

23

23

9

Air Self-Defense

Force

New Airborne Early Warning (Control) Aircraft Fighters

Fighters (F-35A)

Fighter Modernization (F-15)

New Aerial Refueling/Transport Aircraft

Transport Aircraft(C-2) Upgrade of PATRIOT Surface-to-Air Guided Missiles (PAC-3 MSE)

4

28

26

3

10

2 groups & education units

Joint Units Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 3

Note: Aquisition of ship-based unmanned aerial vehicles will be allowed within the number of Patrol Helicopters (SH-60K) specified above. 40

Annex Table of MTDP (FY2014-2018)