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MG Atsushi Hikita Defense Attach, Japan
Japans Defense for next decades
Building a Dynamic Joint Defense Force
Ministry of Defense, Japan
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Table of Contents
1
NSS, NDPG and MTDP
Security Environment Surrounding Japan
Japans Basic Defense Policy
Future Defense Forces
Mid-Term Defense Program
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2
NSS, NDPG and MTDP
-
N D P G
M T D P
annual budget
Prescribe future defense force and target levels of defense force
Indicate (limits of) five-year total expenditures and quantity of major equipment
Examine based on the current situations
N S S Basic policy for national security centered around diplomatic and defense policies
NSS, NDPG and MTDP
3
(approx. 10-year time frame)
(approx. 10-year time frame)
-
19y.
background
End of Cold War Uncertainty International Contribution
background
Detente Military Balance between US and USSR Domestic requirement
New threat/ Terrorism, BM Global Peace for JPN Deterrence to Response
background
NDPG2004
9y.
Concept of Basic Defense Capability
Concept of Basic Defense Capability
Defense of Japan+Dealing with various contingencies, e.g. major disasters,Contributing to building a more stable security environment
Multifunctional, flexible, effective defense capability
Basic Theory
Basic Theory
Basic Theory
NDPG1995
NDPG1976
NDPG2010
6y.
Dynamic Defense Forces
Basic Theory Change of global power balance Complexity of military condition Change of the role of military power
background
3y.
New NDPG Increasing complexity of the Security Environment US Rebalancing
Lesson from the great earthquake
background Basic Theory
Dynamic Joint Defense Force
Changes in the Concept of Defense Force
4
-
5
Security Environment Surrounding Japan
-
Japans Geographical Features etc.
Security Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region
Global Security Environment
Security Environment Surrounding Japan
Interdependence Trends of gray zone situations Infringing freedom of the high seas Use of outer and cyber spaces
Gray zone situations: tend to linger, evolve into more serious situations North Korea: nuclear and missile development China: wide and rapid military reinforcement, expanding and intensifying activities
U.S. : strategic rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region
Safety of maritime and air traffic lays foundation for peace and prosperity
Response to large-scale natural disasters
North Koreas newly developed missile
Disaster Relief for Great East Japan Earthquake
Conclusion Security environment surrounding Japan has become increasingly severe. Countries need to further cooperate and actively respond in pursuit of stability in
the region and the international community. 6
Senkaku islands
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Nuclear testFeb, 2013
Missile launch(Dec, 2012)
PLA navy ships painting radar on MSDFs destroyerJan, 2013
Submarine navigation within Japan contiguous zoneMay, 2013
3 PLA navy ships navigation through Osumi channel Jun/ Aug, 2013
5 PLA navy ships navigation through Soya channelJul, 2013
4 PLA navy ships navigation between two Japan islands Dec, 2012, May, 2013
Tu-95 flight around Japan Mar/ Dec, 2013
2 RS fighters encroachment of Japan air spaceFeb, 2013
RS combat readiness inspection Jul, 2013
16 RS navy ships Navigation through Soya channelJul/ Aug, 2013
2 RS aircrafts encroachment of Japan air spaceAug, 2013
UAV flight Sep, 2013
12 PLA aircrafts Flight around Okinawa Jul/ Oct, 2013
5 PLA navy ships navigation to Pacific OceanJan/ May/ Oct, 2013
3 PLA navy ships navigation to Pacific OceanMar/ Dec, 2013
as of Jan. 6, 2014
RS navys EXAug-Sep, 2-13
7
CH establishment of ADIZ Nov, 2013
4 PLA aircrafts flightNov, 2013
PLAQ navy ships encroachment of Japan waterstotal 52 times for last 1 year
CMS aircrafts encroachment of Japan air spaceDec, 2012
Reference 1 Recent Security Incidents surrounding Japan
-
Development to a new phase Miniaturization of nuclear weapons/ nuclear warhead
10
20
30
Toksa Scud B/C Nodong Taepodong Musudan Taepodong 2
RG
Approx.
20km
Approx.
300/500km
Approx.
1,300km
Approx.
1,500km+
Approx.
2,5004,000km
Approx.
6,000km
/10,000km+
(m) Variant
Range of NK Ballistic Missiles
Launch of Missile on Dec 12, 2012
Reference 2 NK Ballistic Missile
8
-
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
08 09 10 11 12 13
Reference 3 CH Defense Budget and Activities in waters near JP
The number of CH official
boats intruding into Japan
territorial waters
The number of CH naval surface
vessels advancing to the Pacific
Ocean 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0
5
10
15
20
25
(%)
Year-on-year growth rate(%)
(100 million yuan)
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Growth of more than 33-fold over the past 25 years approx. growth of quardrupled in size over the past ten years
2013
Growth of double-digit percent every year
JP
Defe
ns
e B
ud
ge
t
Announced Defense Budget
2010
CH announced a national defense budget for FY2013 of approx. 720.2billion yuan=approx. 94 billion dollars
Growth of approx. 10.7%(approx. 69.8 billion yuan) compared to the initial budget amount for the previous FY.
2003
year
1 1
23
52
0
5
10
15
08 09 10 11 12 13 year
2 4 5
11 14
2
9
-
Quelle: Defence of Japan 2013
Reference 4 Number of Scrambles
10
-
Reference 5 Example of Flight of Chinese Aircraft
Quelle: Defence of Japan 2013
11
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Japans Geographical Features etc.
Security Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region
Global Security Environment
Security Environment Surrounding Japan
Interdependence Trends of gray zone situations Infringing freedom of the high seas Use of outer and cyber spaces
Gray zone situations: tend to linger, evolve into more serious situations North Korea: nuclear and missile development China: wide and rapid military reinforcement, expanding and intensifying activities
U.S. : strategic rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region
Safety of maritime and air traffic lays foundation for peace and prosperity
Response to large-scale natural disasters
North Koreas newly developed missile
Disaster Relief for Great East Japan Earthquake
Conclusion Security environment surrounding Japan has become increasingly severe. Countries need to further cooperate and actively respond in pursuit of stability in
the region and the international community. 12
Senkaku islands
-
15
Japans Basic Defense Policy
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Japans Own Effort Build up Dynamic Joint Defense Force
Strengthening Japan-U.S. Alliance Strengthen deterrent and response capability Enhance and expand cooperation in broad areas Steadily implement measures related to the stationing of USFJ
Active Facilitation of Security Cooperation Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region Cooperation with the international community
Three Pillars of Approaches
16
-
Dynamic Joint Defense Force
Increasing situations that require SDF commitment
Swiftly and sustainably conduct proper activities Sufficient defense force in terms of quality and quantity Total optimization of important functions and capabilities Developing effective defense force capable of conducting
diverse activities based on joint operation seamlessly and
dynamically
Build up Dynamic Joint Defense Force with emphasis on readiness, sustainability, resiliency and connectivity
17
-
18
Review the Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation Guidelines Establish seamless cooperation posture
Strengthen Deterrent and Response Capability
Strengthen Japan-U.S. Alliance Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements/ an axis for Japans security Japan-U.S. Alliance/ public commons for stability and prosperity
Operation Tomodachi
Futenma Air Station
Contribute to peace and stability of the international community In responding natural disasters, further enhance coordination Enhance cooperation in broad areas
Enhance and Expand Cooperation in Broad Areas
Stably support smooth & effective stationing of USFJ Reorganization, integration or reduction of US facilities
Steadily Implement Measures for Stationing of U.S. Forces in Japan
Joint training with USMC
(Guam, Tinian)
-
19
Active Promotion of Security Cooperation
ADMM-plusAugust,2013 Joint training with India JP-RS 2+2 meeting (November,2013
Cooperation with Australia in
peace keeping activities
Promote a variety of further cooperative initiatives in a multi-layered manner
ROK Promote close cooperation and establish a foundation for further cooperation. Australia Further deepen the cooperative relationship. China Promote security dialogue/ Exchanges/ Develop confidence-building measures. Russia Develop mutual trust India Strengthen the relationship in a broad range of fields Capacity Building Assistance Promote as it is effective in stabilizing the security environment and bilateral defense cooperation. Multilateral Security Cooperation and Dialogue Participate in multilateral joint training / Attaching importance to multilateral frameworks
Strengthen the relationship with the countries in the Asia-Pacific region
Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region
-
20
Continue and strengthen various initiatives Arms control, disarmament, nonproliferation and capacity building assistance. Cooperation with European countries Cooperation and exchanges with regard to equipment and technology Promotion of international peace cooperation activities Various international peace cooperation activities in a multi-layered manner
Cooperation with international community
Active Promotion of Security Cooperation
International Peacekeeping
Activities
Capacity building assistance Emergency relief
activities(Philippines)
Difficult for a single country to respond to global security challenges on its own. The roles of military forces have diversified.
Promote various initiatives to improve the global security environment.
Japan-UK Defense
Ministerial Consultations
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21
Future Defense Forces
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Roles of Defense Force & Important Functions and Capabilities
Roles of Defense Force
Effective Deterrent and Response Capabilities in Various Contingencies
Stabilization of the Asia-Pacific region & Improvement of Global Security Environment
Security in the surrounding waters Ballistic missile attacks Large-scale natural disasters
Attacks on remote islands Attacks in outer space & cyber space
Conduct training & exercises Promote capacity building assistance Engage in International Peacekeeping Activities
Facilitate defense cooperation and exchanges Ensure maritime security Cooperate in arms control & disarmament
Priorities in Strengthening Architecture of the Self-Defense Forces
Functions & Capabilities to be Focused on
Surveillance capability Transport capability Response to attacks on remote islands Response to attacks in outer space & cyber space Engage in International Peacekeeping Activities
Intelligence function C3I capabilities Response to ballistic missile attacks Response to large-scale natural disasters
22
-
Rapid deployment divisions & brigades Transform about half of divisions & brigades into rapid deployment
divisions & rapid deployment brigades
Establish amphibious mobile force Establish amphibious mobile force, so as to land on, recapture,
secure remote islands if attacked
23
Mobile Combat Vehicle (MCV)
Amphibious vehicle
Architecture of SDF - GSDF (1)
Introduce MCV Strengthen air lift capability
-
Establish Central Headquarters of GSDF
Present After Formation of Central HQ of GSDF
24
Defense Minister
Chief of Staff, Joint Staff
Defense Minister
Chief of Staff, Joint Staff
Architecture of SDF GSDF (2)
Establish Central Headquarters of GSDF
Western Regional
Army
Northern Regional
Army
Northeastern Regional
Army
Eastern Regional
Army Chubu* Regional
Army
*Chubu = central region of Japan
Western Regional
Army
Eastern Regional
Army
Northeastern Regional
Army
Chubu* Regional
Army
Central Readiness
Force Others: directly under
Minister
Northern Regional
Army
directions & orders
coordination
control, coordination report, orders etc.
International Peacekeeping
Activities
Units under direct control
of GSDF Central HQ
U.S. Force
U.S. Forces
GSDF Central HQ**
**Central HQ of GSDF ***SF = Self-Defense Fleet ****ADC=Air Defense Command = tentative name
Role of GSDF Central HQ: Nation-wide operation of
GSDF units (nation-wide operation across
regional armies, logistics operation etc.)
Role of GSDF Central HQ:
Total coordination among
Ground/Maritime/Air SDF and U.S. Forces
SF ***
ADC ****
SF ***
ADC ****
-
Facilitate efficiency & streamlining
Targeted organization of tanks, howitzers & rockets
Current
deployment
(tanks)
End of FY2013
Relocate tanks from units on mainland
Authorized Number of Personnel Maintain approx.159,000
Introduce MCV to rapid deployment divisions/ brigades
Future (tanks)
Integrate under direct control of Western
Regional Army
Deploy to divisions & brigades in Hokkaido
Architecture of SDF GSDF (3)
25
Preparation is to be retained to the minimum extent as required for adapting to
unforeseeable changes in the future
howitzers&rockets
approx. 600 approx. 300
tanks approx. 700 approx. 300
Present Future
substantial decrease from NDPG 2010 (approx. 400)
-
Destroyer units
Destroyers NDPG2010:48(12 destroyer units) NDPG2013:54 (14 destroyer units) Introduce new destroyers Increase 2 Aegis-equipped destroyers (6 8) Continue to develop destroyers new destroyer
Anti-submarine missions with towed sonar etc.
Architecture of SDF -MSDF (1)
Present (End of FY2013)
Future (in about 10 yrs)
47 Destroyers
54 Destroyers
Introduce new destroyers 25
Mine- Sweepers
18 Mine- Sweepers
28
-
Others
Patrol aircraft units
Submarine units
Maintain system of fixed-wing patrol aircraft (P-1/3C) (65) Increase patrol helicopter(SH-60K/J) (NDPG 2010:72 aircraft NDPG 2013: 80
Modification of transport vessels Consider multipurpose vessels Equip new destroyers with counter-mine function Life extension of existing vessels (destroyers etc.) and aircraft (P-3C, SH-60J)
at the end of FY2013: 16 submarines
(NDPG 2010: 22 submarines NDPG 2013: 22
Architecture of SDF MSDF (2)
30
-
Air warning & control units
8 warning groups
20 warning squadrons
2 AEW squadrons
28 warning squadrons
3 AEW squadrons
Transform warning groups into squadrons Establish 1 squadron in AEW group
End of FY2013 NDPG 2013
Organize E-2C units into
2 squadrons
Develop new early warning &
control systems
28
Nemuro
Abashiri
Wakkanai
Toubetsu
Okushiri-tou
Erimo
minato
Yamada
Kamo
Sado
Wajima
Kyouga-misaki
Takao-yama
Fukue-jima
Sefuri-san
Shimokoshiki-jima
Takahata-yama
Kushimoto
Kasatori-yama
Mineoka-yama
Omaezaki
takine-yama
Uni-shima
Mishima
Misawa
Hamamatsu
3
2
4
20 4
2
4
2
2
4
20
4
2 2
20
3
3 3
3
3
3
-
-
Okinoerabu-jima
Yozadake
Kume-jima
Miyako-jima
Naha
2
4
20
(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2017)
5
5
5 5
Architecture of SDF ASDF (1)
(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2016)
(replacement maintenance to be completed in FY2015)
7
7 7
7
-
Fighter aircraft units
Fighter aircraft units: 12 SQs
Fighters: approx. 260
Fighter aircraft units: 13 SQs
Fighters: approx. 280
End of FY2013 NDPG 2013
Aerial refueling/transport units
Establish 1 squadron
End of FY2013 NDPG 2013
1 SQs 2 SQs
Establish 13th fighter squadron Increase fighter aircraft units at Naha Base to 2 SQs
29
Chitose
2nd Air Wing
3rd Air Wing
Misawa
Komatsu
6th Air Wing
Hyakuri
7th Air Wing
8th Air Wing
Tsuiki
Nyutabaru 5th Air Wing
83rd Air Squadron
Naha
Komaki
1st Transport Squadron
(404th Tactical Airlift Tanker
Squadron)
New Tanker
-
-
-
-
F-35 introduction from FY2017
FY2016
FY2015
Architecture of SDF ASDF (2)
-
Aegis-equipped destroyers Surface-to-air guided missile units
Improve simultaneous response capability (image)
Range of PAC-3 protection
Range of
PAC-3 MSE
protection
Introduce advanced PAC-3
Expand footprint Improve simultaneous engagement capability Improve sustained combat capability
Major projects
Increase Aegis ships equipped with BMD capability to 8 Introduce PAC-3 MSE
30
BMD System
alt
itu
de
distance
Kongo-class x 4
Kongo-class x 4
Atago-class x 2 New type x2
Kongo-class
Kongo-class Kongo-class
Atago-class
-
33
Mid-Term Defense Program
-
4 new airborne early warning (control) aircraft
3 high-altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles
23 fixed-wing patrol aircraft (P-1)
5 destroyers (including 2 Aegis-equipped destroyers
5 submarines
Continuous ISR in broad areas, to strengthen posture for
detecting various symptoms in an early stage
Ensure security of the surrounding waters and airspace
Early Warning (Control) Aircraft image
High-altitude long endurance UAV image
New destroyerimage
34
Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP(FY2014-2018)
-
35
Placement of Air warning & control units
Respond to attacks on remote islands (Develop Continuous ISR system) Deploy coastal surveillance Units to Yonaguni island
Organize a new squadron in AEW group, and deploy to Naha Air Base
Develop deployment foundation for mobile warning & control radar on remote islands
Newly established
Develop system necessary for Continuous ISR, to promptly respond to contingencies
Deploy coastal surveillance units to Yonaguni island
Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)
Yonaguni island Okinawa
Establish Yonaguni station (scheduled)
Facility improvement (image)
Misawa
Hamamatsu
Naha
1st air surveillance unit*
2nd air surveillance unit*
* = tentative name
Warning & control group
-
28 next-generation fighter aircraft (F-35A)
Improve capability of existing fighter aircraft
3 new aerial refueling/transport aircraft
Organize fighter aircraft (F-15) at Naha Air Base into 2 squadrons
Comprehensively improve air defense capabilities including cruise missile
response capability
Respond to attacks on remote islands (Obtain and secure air superiority)
36
Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)
Expand Aegis ship force (2 ships)
Introduce 2 new destroyers
23 rotary-wing patrol helicopters (SH-60K)
Steadily develop surface-to-ship guided missiles
By effectively accomplishing Continuous ISR and anti-submarine missions
etc., defend the surrounding waters
Respond to attacks on remote islands (Obtain and secure maritime superiority)
-
Introduce 17 tiltrotor aircraft
Steadily develop 10 transport aircraft (C-2)
Improve transport vessels
Actively utilize civilian transport capability
Consider multipurpose vessels & boats
Secure capabilities for prompt and large-scale transport & deployment , to enhance effective response capability
Respond to attacks on remote islands (improve capability for prompt deployment)
37
Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)
Newly deploy security units in charge of initial response
Establish amphibious rapid deployment force
Promptly improve authentic amphibious operational capability
Expand shared use of U.S. facilities with SDF in the Southwest region
Enhance data-linking functions among respective SDF
Strengthen amphibious operational capability & C3I system
Respond to attacks on remote islands (Improve response capability)
-
Develop advanced interceptors (SM-3 Block-II A)
Advanced interceptor missile (PAC-3 MSE)
Examine BMD posture for the future
Considering response capability against ballistic missile launch
Given North Koreas improved ballistic missile capability, seek for overall
enhancement of ballistic missile response capability
Respond to ballistic missile attacks
Aegis ship
PATRIOT system
38
Major Development of Defense Force in MTDP (FY2014-2018)
-
Note 1:The current numbers of tanks and howitzers/rockets (authorized number as of the end of FY2013) are respectively approx. 700 and approx. 600,
which will be reduced respectively to approx. 300 and approx. 300 in the future.
Note 2: Regarding major equipment/units that may also serve for BMD missions, acquisition/formation will be allowed within the number of Destroyers
(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers), Air Warning & Control Units and Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units specified above.
Category Present (as of the end of FY2013) Future
GS
DF
Authorized Number of Personnel
Active-Duty Personnel Reserve-Ready Personnel
approx. 159,000
approx. 151,000
approx. 8,000
159,000
151,000
8,000
Major Units
Rapid Deployment Units Central Readiness Force
1 armored division
3 rapid deployment divisions
4 rapid deployment brigades
1 armored division
1 airborne brigade
1 amphibious rapid deployment brigade
1 helicopter brigade
Regional Deployment Units 8 divisions
6 brigades
5 divisions
2 brigades
Surface-to-Ship Guided Missile Units 5 surface-to-ship guided missile regiments 5 surface-to-ship guided missile regiments
Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units 8 anti-aircraft artillery groups/regiments 7 anti-aircraft artillery groups/regiments
MS
DF
Major Units
Destroyer Units
Submarine Units
Minesweeper Units
Patrol Aircraft Units
4 flotillas (8 divisions)
5 divisions
5 divisions
1 flotilla
9 squadrons
4 flotillas (8 divisions)
6 divisions
6 divisions
1 flotilla
9 squadrons
Major
Equipment
Destroyers
(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers)
Submarines
Combat Aircraft
47
(6)
16
approx. 170
54
(8)
22
approx. 170
AS
DF
Major Units
Air Warning & Control Units
Fighter Aircraft Units
Air Reconnaissance Units
Aerial Refueling/Transport Units
Air Transport Units
Surface-to-Air Guided Missile Units
8 warning groups
20 warning squadrons
1 AEW group (2 squadrons)
12 squadrons
1 squadron
1 squadron
3 squadrons
6 groups
28 warning squadrons
1 AEW group (3 squadrons)
13 squadrons
2 squadrons
3 squadrons
6 groups
Major
Equipment
Combat Aircraft
Fighters approx. 340
approx. 260 approx. 360
approx. 280
39
NDPG Annex Table
-
Service Equipment Quantity
Ground Self-
Defense Force
Mobile Combat Vehicles
Armored Vehicles
Amphibious Vehicles
Tilt-Rotor Aircrafts
Transport HelicoptersCH-47JA Surface-to-Ship Guided Missiles
Mid-Range Surface-to-Air Guided Missiles
Tanks
Howitzers
99
24
52
17
6
9 companies
5 companies
44
31
Maritime Self-
Defense Force
Destroyers
(Aegis-Equipped Destroyers)
Submarines
Other Ships
Total
(Tonnage)
Fixed-Wing Patrol Aircraft (P-1)
Patrol Helicopters (SH-60K)
Multipurpose Helicopters (Ship-Based)
5
(2)
5
5
15
(approx.52,000t)
23
23
9
Air Self-Defense
Force
New Airborne Early Warning (Control) Aircraft Fighters
Fighters (F-35A)
Fighter Modernization (F-15)
New Aerial Refueling/Transport Aircraft
Transport Aircraft(C-2) Upgrade of PATRIOT Surface-to-Air Guided Missiles (PAC-3 MSE)
4
28
26
3
10
2 groups & education units
Joint Units Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 3
Note: Aquisition of ship-based unmanned aerial vehicles will be allowed within the number of Patrol Helicopters (SH-60K) specified above. 40
Annex Table of MTDP (FY2014-2018)