higher invertebrates. p. mollusca clams, oysters, scallops, abalone, squid, octopus, snails body...
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Higher invertebrates
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P. Mollusca
• clams, oysters, scallops, abalone, squid, octopus, snails
• Body plan—head, foot (classified by this), visceral mass w/ organs (digestive, circulatory, reproductive)
• Many have shell (secreted by mantle)
• Gills to obtain oxygen from water
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Class Gastropods
• – “Stomach foot”
• limpets, snails, slugs, abalone, whelks, nudibranches
• 1 shell (except seahares, one)
• radula—tongue w/ teeth
• herbivores and eat algae & plants
• some are predators (use radula to drill hole in oysters; others poison fish)
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Helix aspera (garden snail)
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Class Bivalves
• clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
• 2-part shell
• foot used for anchoring and burrowing
• does not have a head, radula, or eyes
• uses gill for oxygen and filter-feeding
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Class Cephalopods (“head foot”)
• octopus, squid, nautilus
• some have shell
• head modified tentacles
• radula to draw prey in mouth
• beak for crushing prey
• advanced eyes (like vertebrates)
• most intelligent invertebrates
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P. Annelida “segmented worms”
• annelida = little rings• earthworms, leeches• marine, fresh water, and land• *advancement—segments (repeating units) and
hydrostatic skeleton• setae/bristles for movement• skin breathers (no respiratory system)• well-developed digestive, circulatory,
reproductive, and nervous systems
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Class Oligochaetes—earthworm
• Class Oligochaetes—earthworm
• all monoecious
• clittelum to make cocoon
• digestive tract—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus
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Class Hirudinea—leeches
• fresh water ectoparasites
• use suckers to attach to host’s skin and then use jaws and anesthetic
• secretion anticoagulant (hirudin)
• old remedy—used for blood letting
• new remedy—improve healing and circulation after reconnection of appendages
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Class polychaeta—“many bristles”
• marine
• some predators, others filter feeders
• head w/ tentacles, eyes, jaws
• paired appendages/segment = parapodia “paired feet”
• for swimming and burrowing, water circulation
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P. Arthropods “jointed foot”
• crustaceans, crabs, lobsters, shrimp, arachnids (spiders, ticks, scorpions), insects, centipedes, and millipedes
• related by segmentation, exoskeleton, jointed appendages
• jointed appendages paired and used for feeding, movement, senses, and reproduction
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Class Crustaceans
• Daphnia (water flea), pill bugs (land), barnacles, copepods, lobster
• 2 pair antenna, carapace (hard exoskeleton), 5 pairs of legs (first pair = claws)
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Class Insects
• 3 body regions—head, thorax, abdomen
• compound eyes, 1 pair antenna/head, 2 pairs wings/thorax
• metamorphosis
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Class Arachnids
• 2 body regions—cephalothorax and abdomen• cephalothorax has several eyes, chelicerae
(mouth parts, pincer like or fangs in spiders), sensory pedipalps, 4 pairs of walking legs
• spiders have spinneret appendages to weave webs of silk
• spiders’ fangs can have venom• no antennae or wings
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• Sorry but have arachnid phobia. Dangerous ones in USA are recluse and black widow. In memory of Cleo the tarantula who passed away recently this semester.
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• Class Centipedes Class millipedes• long segmented bodies long segmented
bodies• 1 pr legs/segment 2 pr legs/seg.• flat body cylindrical body• aggressive predators scavengers• prey on earthworms • and insects• Venomous fangs/claws
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