Hey ladies!

Time to move on from composers to instruments… after all…

someone had to play the music that those guys wrote!

So first you will be introduced to the four families and their instruments,

then the orchestra and its layout.

There are some worksheets you must complete to help you familiarise

yourself with this work. We will mark it at our lesson in 2 weeks time.

There are also plenty of awesome videos on YouTube where they show

you how these instruments are made. So if you want to, (not compulsory!)

go check it out!

Type in: How ……. ( instrument) is made

I have also included African and Indian Music as well as Western Form

(Sonata Form, Concerto and Symphony)

Stay healthy and safe!

Mrs. fin

Al l instruments are d iv ided in to four d i ffe rent

ca tegor ies, based on:

families Instrument

String

Instruments

Percussion

Instruments

Woodwind

Instruments

Brass

Instruments

Flute Harmonica Recorder Oboe Trombone Guitar Viola

Cornet Saxophone Bazooka Accordian Trumpet Panpipe Clarinet

Bagpipe Zither Piccalo Ocarina Fiddle Snare

Instrument Wordsearch

Find the

instruments

listed below the

wordsearch

French

Horn

Brass

Instruments

Trombone

A brass instrument is a musical instrument that you play by vibrating

your lips into a mouthpiece (that is placed against your mouth) to pro-

duce high or low notes (this is called buzzing). No sound will come

out if you just blow air through it!

Interestingly, it does not matter whether the instrument are made

of brass, as long as it works the way explained above.

Brass instruments can be gold, rose gold or silver in colour.

Tuba

List any other

instruments considered

to be Brass Instruments

The smaller the

instrument, the

higher it plays.

The bigger the

instrument the

lower it plays.

Trumpet

Flute

Alto

Saxophone

Woodwind

Instruments

Clarinet

Woodwinds are a type of musical instrument that produces sound

when a musician blows air into or across the mouthpiece.

Mouthpieces are placed inside the mouth and air is blown into the

mouthpiece (with the exception of the flute, which is played blowing

air down into the mouthpiece which is placed against the bottom lip).

They get their name from the fact that most of them were once made

of wood. Today they are made of other materials which includes metal

or plastic. List any other instruments

considered to be Woodwind

Instruments

Single reed:

Clarinet,

Saxophone

Double reed:

Oboe,

Bassoon

Bassoon

Oboe

Double

Bass

String

Instruments

All stringed instruments produce a sound by strings vibrating. Musicians do

this by rubbing a bow against them, striking them, or plucking them. There are

three ways that strings can produce different notes:

• Length - Longer strings vibrate slower making a lower note than shorter strings.

• Weight - Heavy, thick strings make lower notes than lighter, thin strings. • Tightness - A tight string makes a higher sound than a loose string. The strings are usually made from nylon thread or steel wire. DID YOU KNOW: Most civilizations have produced some kind of stringed instrument.

List any other instruments

considered to be String

Instruments

Fine bows for vio-

lins can use up to

150 horse hairs.

Cello Violin

Viola

Guitar

Harp

Bow

Drums

Tambourine

Percussion

Instruments

Cymbals

Percussion instruments are musical instruments that generally are used to

establish rhythm (that is why they are also called the rhythm section). Percus-

sion instruments make a sound when they are struck, shaken, scraped,

plucked, or rubbed.

Some percussion instruments can play melodies. These are called

tuned percussion instruments. They include: xylophone, glockenspiel, vibra-

phone, tubular bells and timpani. Untuned percussion instruments include:

bass drum, side drum (snare drum), maracas, castanets, cymbals, tambourine,

claves and many more. List any other instruments

considered to be Woodwind

Instruments

Piano

Triangle

Xylophone

Maracas

Confusing Fact:

The piano and harp

can be classified as

either a String or as

a Percussion

instrument!

Mix Match

Colour in the instrument bubbles using the code below:

* Str i ng Ins truments - Yel low * Percussion Ins truments - Red

* Woodwind Ins truments - B lue * Brass Ins truments - Green

Noise Jumbled

Embouchure

Double Reed

Vio l in Bow

Thick Str ing

Do y

ou

kn

ow

y

ou

r defin

itio

ns?

Use t

he clue ca

rds t

o

an

sw

er

t

he qu

est

ion

s a

nd w

rit

e dow

n t

he n

um

ber.

Clue 1

Clue 2

Tuned

Percussion

Clue 3

Clue 4

Clue 5

Sing le Reed

Buzzing

Low Sound

Flute

Clue 6

Clue 7

Untuned

Percussion

Clue 8

Clue 9

Clue 10

The oboe and bassoon uses

this reed.

Brass instrument players must

do this with their lips to make a

sound.

The way in which a player

applies their mouth to the

mouthpiece.

Uses 150 strands of horse

hair.

These rhythm instruments can

play different notes.

Big instruments produces a ...

Lower notes on a string instru-

ment is produced by a...

The player of this instrument

blows down to make a sound.

The timpani is an example of...

The clarinet and saxophone

uses this reed.

The

Orchestra

An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play together on a variety of string, wind and percussion instruments. A large orchestra is sometimes called a symphony orches-tra (about 100 players) and a small orchestra is called a chamber orchestra (between 30 and 40 players). The number of players will depend on what music they are playing and the size of the stage where they are playing.

Leading the group of musicians in the conductor. He/she helps the players to play together, to get the right balance so that everything can be heard clearly, and to encour-age the orchestra to play with the same kind of feeling

The instruments of the orchestra are organized into families and that is how they sit

in the orchestra.

Build it

Can you fill in where the different instruments of the orchestra sits? Also

colour in the different instrument families using the following colours. Read

the story for some clues!

As the Meastra (female conductor) of your very own orchestra it is important

to know where your sections sit so you can help them while playing the

pieces. Colour in the Brass, the Woodwinds, the Strings and the Percussion

From left to right we start in the front with the smallest string instruments and

move over to the biggest string instruments. The harpist sits in her own little

block!

The Flutes and oboes sits behind the violas and behind them is the clarinets

and bassoons.

In the second back row we have the French horns, Trumpets, Trombones and

Tubas, all in one row!

Lastly,, we have the loudest section of them all!

Listening

list

Did you listen to the following songs?

There will be an assessment on listening skills where you will have to identify wether its solo instrument

with accompaniment or only orchestral, and if orchestral, which instrument group plays the melodic line.

GO OD LUCK … AND HAPPY L ISTEN ING

(These are examples of what I will give you in the assessment—

listen carefully—its best to close your eyes and trust your ears!)

Orchestral Solo—accompanied

1. French Horn:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ-D8_q-Abs

2. Flute

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG-Jyj25ieo

3. Cello

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA0MHmwsq8U

1. Clarinet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0CCo4Eoj88

2. Guitar

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AZy-gEnXrk

3. Trombone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV_uKxGPF_I

1. Pirates of the Caribbean

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zTc2hD2npA

2. Rhapsody in Blue

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynEOo28lsbc

3. Romeo and Juliet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Od7gx3Dc-U

Solo—Unaccompanied Solo & Orchestra

1. Alto Saxophone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGL7cs8mf0A

2. Violin

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPi7LrQ1rNg

3. Trumpet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1eyZAedhY4

What do you think—Where does Bolero fit in? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZDiaRZy0Ak _________________________________________________

THAT What is

A symphony is a musical composition usually written

by composers for orchestra. It is a work usually con-

sisting of three to four movements, with the first move-

ment in sonata form. Symphonies are composed for

an orchestra consisting of a string section,

brass, woodwind & percussion instruments (Between

30 to 100 musicians!) Symphonies are notated in

a musical score, which contains all the instrument

parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which con-

tain just the notated music for their own instrument.

Some symphonies also contain vocal parts.

The four-movements were:

1 an opening sonata or allegro

2 a slow movement, such as adagio

3. a minuet or scherzo with trio

4. an allegro, rondo, or sonata

A Symphony

A Concerto (plural concerti or concertos), is

a musical composition for a solo instrument per-

forming with an orchestra or smaller ensemble.

The soloist stands or sits in front of the orchestra

so that the soloist can be heard over the orches-

tra or ensemble accompanying him or her.

Today, concertos are written for pretty much any

solo instrument. During the Classical period, how-

ever, there were fewer instruments available and

several that hadn't been invented yet. Composers

typically wrote concertos for keyboard instru-

ments, like the piano, or for the instruments of the

orchestra, like the violin, cello, or wind instru-

ments.

A Classical concerto is a longer piece of music

and is broken into three movements.

A movement is a shorter piece that is put together with other movements in order to create a large,

lengthy piece such as a concerto.

The three movements of a concerto usually alter-nate in tempo, or speed, with the first and third movements using a faster tempo, and the second using a slower and more lyrical tempo. The first

movement uses Sonata Form.

A C oncerto

Sonata refers to the layout of a musical compo-sition and more specifically to the form of the 1st movement. Sonata form was started during the late Baroque era, dominated many forms of compositions during the Classical era & was de-fined to concert music in the Romantic era.

Pieces for orchestra uses sonata are referred to as concertos or symphonies.

A regular sonata form is built in three sections:

• The exposition, where the main melodies are stated

• The development, where musical ideas are developed

• and The recapitulation, where the exposition is restated in the tonic key.

Sonata Form

Did you know. . .

You do NOT clap between the movements,

only at the end of the entire piece

(3 or 4 movements later!)

Think Quick

Name the four movements of a Symphony?

Name the three sections of Sonata form?

Name the three movements of a Concerto?

True or False:

There are no concertos

written for Saxophone.

Sonata Form was

started during the

————————-

period.

Where does a soloist

stand when they play?

Indian Music

There are lots of different types of Indian music. Most of the music is similar to Western music types. Pop, classical, and folk are all included. India’s classical music has a history originating hundreds of years ago and it is still popular in In-dia today, as religious inspiration or for entertainment purposes. India has differ-ent ethnic groups, speaking their own languages and has different cultural tradi-tions.

The tal, or tala, is a repeating rhythmic pattern, usually played by the tabla.

It usually has between six and sixteen beats. The beats are grouped into small sections in the pat-

tern. The first note in the pattern is called a ‘sam’. It

shows the beginning & end of improvisation, so it is often emphasized or made to sound louder.

The Raga is also a pattern, but it differs from

Western scales or melodies.

Ragas are sort of a mix of scales and melodies. They have particular ascending and descending

patterns.

Ragas are used to symbolize the time of day,

season, mood or special occasion.

A drone is a note that’s either held or repeated throughout a piece of music. It’s usually the tonic

note.

Today, the drone is played by an electrical box, but traditionally, it is played using the tanpura,

which is also known as the Tambura.

Improvisation is when the player

does not have a prepared piece or

an incomplete piece of music, and

they make up notes as they go

along.

Its sort of like composing your own

song.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLaGwYge1QA&list=PLHP7L5NbxAOrC2fCHyUUiT7fV16d6SbC5 - Indian Pop Music Song

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCV7_LcEruw - Classical Indian Music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JjOJmFZ78k - Raga and Tala explanation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6B4xo6zYdk - Sitar Instrumental

Music African

African music is a very important part of life in Africa. It is a part of religious

ceremonies, festivals, and social rituals. Songs are used for all the important

events in a person's life (birth, coming of age, marriage, and death). They are

used for curing the sick, bringing rain, and religious dances. Many Africans

believe that music serves as a link with the spirit world. Everyone plays an

active part in the musical life of the community. Music is ultimately tied to the

things that are most important to the welfare of the people.

Kaapse klopse

The Kaapse Klopse festival that takes place every year on 2 January and it is called Second New Year. Around 13,000 peo-ple take part in bright colours, either carrying colourful umbrellas or playing an array of musical instruments. It has been a custom since the mid-19th century. The instruments used are guitar, mandolin, banjo, cello, violin, double bass, and the ghoema (small Malay drum).

Daar kom die Alibama: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KW_jillvuVg

Parade Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCfM_KodH3o

Xhosa mus i c

Xhosa traditional music places a strong emphasis on group singing and hand clapping as accompaniment to dance. Drums is not as important in Xhosa music as it is in other African cultures & music. Instruments

include rattles, whistles, flutes, mouth-harps and stringed instruments made of bow & a resonator.

Traditional Xhosa Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEoYl4Ok6Ks

Modern Xhosa Wedding Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gov_d5NxdE

Gumboot Danc ing The dancers wear wellington boots. The boots can have bells on them so they ring as the dancers stamp on the ground. Gumboot dancing uses the concepts of polyrhythm and total body articulation, drawing from the cultural dances of the African work-ers that worked in the mines. It is a percussive dance made by idiophones or autophones (objects of the everyday life vibrating by themselves).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOjWa1a0ObY

Character ist ics of Af r ican Music:

Melodies are short & simple. African music uses short bits of melody that are repeated over and over. Singers or instru-

mentalists may change them at will, so that the performance becomes a theme with many variations. When performing,

one person may begin to improvise, or make up a special version of the melody while the other singers continue the

original melody. Often, several voices will sing different melodies at the same time. Africans also sing in rounds. The

accompaniment may consist of chords or short melodic patterns that are repeated continually.

zulu mus ic Zulu music incorporates rhythm, melody and harmony, also

known as isigubudu' (which can be translated as converging

horns on a beast, with tips touching, reflects inner feelings).

Instruments included the tsonga (horn), ingugu (a friction drum),

nkoka (drum), pedi (flute), venda (musical bow and stick), dem-

ba (thumb piano) and umfece (ankle rattles).

Traditional Zulu Dancing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxhhF_nHxIs

Johnny Clegg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ca2uVZuiY0

Music African

Cont inues . . .

Find the names of these African

instruments: 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11