herbicide effects on ryegrass transition to bermudagrass tim murphy the university of georgia

Herbicide Effects on Ryegrass Transition to Bermudagrass

Tim Murphy

The University of Georgia

Transition Issues

• Heat tolerance of ryegrass

• Renegade ryegrass

• Poa trivialis lives longer than expected

• Competition to bermudagrass

• Long-term effects on bermudagrass

• When do you accelerate transition?

Bermudagrass Growth

• Minimal root growth < 50 F. soil temp.

• Optimum root growth 75-85 F. soil temp.

• Shoot growth ceases < 55 F. air temp.

• Optimum shoot growth 80-95 F.

• Need night air temps. of mid-60s F.

• 100+ growing days

Chemical Aids for Transition

• Herbicides

• PGRs

• Delay application until bermudagrass is in active spring growth.

• No green-brown-green!!

• Need green-green

Atlanta Athletic Club Project

• ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass fairway

• Seeded 9/26/99 with 85/15 MarvelGreen/Laser mix

• Clipping height - 5/16 inch

• Irrigated as needed

Atlanta Athletic Club Project

• Herbicides and PGRs applied May 8, 2000

• 50/50 density of bermudagrass and ryegrass

• Overall turf quality, bermuda and ryegrass density recorded at 7, 14 and 30 DAT

Manor

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Tur

f Q

ualit

y

0.33 oz. 0.5 oz. 1.0 oz. UTC

7 DAT14 DAT30 DAT

MANOR ON TRANSITION

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

0.33 0.5 1.0 UTC

Sencor and Corsair

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Tur

f Q

ualit

y

Sencor0.33 lb.

Sencor0.66 lb.

Corsair1.0 oz.

Corsair2.0 oz.

UTC

7 DAT 14 DAT 30 DAT

SENCOR ON TRANSITION

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

0.33 0.66 UTC

CORSAIR ON TRANSITION

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

1.0 oz. 2.0 oz. UTC

Kerb and Embark

0

2

4

6

8

10

Kerb 1.5lb.

Kerb 3.0lb.

Embark6.0 oz.

Embark8.0 oz.

UTC

7 DAT 14 DAT 30 DAT

Tur

f Q

uali

ty

KERB ON TRANSITION

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

1.5 lb. 3.0 lb. UTC

EMBARK ON TRANSITION

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 14 30 7 14 30 7 14 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

6.0 oz. 8.0 oz. UTC

CONCLUSIONS

• Manor - good to excellent bermuda tolerance, causes light green color, reduces ryegrass density, minimum rate is 0.5 oz.

• Corsair - excellent bermuda tolerance, not as effective as Manor, Kerb and Sencor in reducing ryegrass

CONCLUSIONS (cont.)

• Embark- excellent bermuda tolerance, no effect color, effectiveness on ryegrass is questionable, need research on repeat applications, earlier timings.

• Kerb - excellent bermuda tolerance, causes dark blue-green color, reduces ryegrass density, need research on lower rates, irrigation is critical

OTHER TRANSITION HERBICIDES

• TranXit (rimsulfuron)

• Revolver (foramsulfuron)

• Monument (trifloxysulfuron-sodium)

• Flazasulfuron (Katana)

• Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)

Monument Transition Project - 2001

• GA Station

• Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’

• ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass

• 0.75 in. clip height

• 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14

• 25 gpa

• 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb

Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)

0123456789

10

Monument 0.1 oz.

Monument 0.3 oz

TranXit 4.0 Kerb - 1.5 UTC

Qua

lity 8 d

36 d

45 d

Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

0123456789

10

Monument 0.1 oz

Monument 0.3 oz

TranXit 2 UTC

Qua

lity 7 d-B

15 d-B

30 d-B

MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01)

0

20

40

60

80

100

15 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Kerb 1.5 UTC

Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

0

20

40

60

80

100

7 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3 TranXit 2 UTC

Monument Transition Project - 2003

• GA Station• Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’• ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass• 0.625 in. clip height• 4 appl. timings – 30, 60, 80 & 100% spring

green-up• 25 gpa, 0.25% v/v NIS with Monument

30% CYNDA Green-up (3/25/03)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2 mo 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE



0

20

40

60

80

100

1 mo 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE



0

20

40

60

80

100

4 wks 9 4 9 4 9 4 9

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Revol. 9.0

UTC


0

20

40

60

80

100

4 wks 8 4 8 4 8 4 8

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

MON 0.1 MON 0.3Revol.

9.0 UTC

Revolver Transition Project - 2002

• GA Station


• Common bermudagrass


• Single appl. – 5/10/02, 70% green-up

• 25 gpa

• NIS with TranXit, Manor and Monument

Revolver – Turf Quality

0123456789

10

REV 9.0 oz/a Manor 0.5oz/a

TranX 1.0oz/a

Monum 0.3oz/a

UTC

Qu

ali

ty

13 d 35 d 62 d

Applied 5/10/02

Revolver on Transition

0

20

40

60

80

100

35 62 35 62 35 62 35 62 35 62

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

Rev 9 Man 0.5 TranX 1.0 UTC

Applied 5/10/02

Monum 0.3

BattalionTransition Project - 2002

• GA Station





• 25 gpa

• NIS with Battalion, TranXit, and Manor

Battalion – Turf Quality

0

2

4

6

8

10

Batt 1.3 oz/a Kerb 2.0 lb/a TranXit 4.0oz/a

Manor 0.5oz/a

UTC

Qua

lity

14 d 30 d 52 d

Applied 4/23/02

Battalion on Transition

0

20

40

60

80

100

52 79 52 79 52 79 52 79 52 79

Den

sity

CYNDA LOLPE

Batt 1.3 Kerb 2.0 TranX 4.0 UTC

Applied 4/23/02

Manor 0.5

KatanaTransition Project - 2002

• GA Station



• 5/8 in. clip height


• 25 gpa

• NIS at 0.25% v/v included

Katana – Turf Quality

0

2

4

6

8

10

Kat. 1.5 oz/a Kat. 3.0 oz/a Manor 0.5 oz/a UTC

Qua

lity

21 d 52 d 79 d

Applied 4/23/02

Katana on Ryegrass Injury

0

20

40

60

80

100

Kat. 1.5 oz/a Kat 3.0 oz./a Manor 0.5 oz./a

%

Inju

ry

6 d 14 d 21 dApplied 4/23/02

POST ANNUAL BLUEGRASS CONTROL IN OVERSEEDED BERMUDAGRASS

• Prograss – limited range of efficacy

• Battalion– rates, timing, efficacy research

• Velocity– Valent

– SLN in GA, FL, SC, NC

Velocity

• bispyribac-sodium, labeled in rice

• Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac

• inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino acids

• not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting

• root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d

Velocity Projects - 2002

• GA Station


• ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass


• Irrigated site

Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury

0

10

20

30

40

Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz

Rye

gras

s In

jury

26 d 40 d 48 d

Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass

Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control

0

20

40

60

80

100


An

nu

al B

lueg

rass

Co

ntr

ol

27-Mar 7-May

Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001


0

5

10

15

20


5 wks 7 wks

Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002


0

20

40

60

80

100

7 WAT 8 WAT 11 WAT 12 WAT

An

nu

al B

lueg

rass

Co

ntr

ol


Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002


0

5

10

15

20

Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.

Rye

gras

s In

jury

10 DAT 20 DAT 30 DAT 50 DAT

Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002


0

20

40

60

80

100

20 DA-A 30 DA-A 50 DA-A 60 DA-A

An

nu

al B

lueg

rass

Co

ntr

ol

Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.

Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

Accelerating Transition

Delay application until bermudagrass is in active spring growth.

Know 30 day forecastNo green-brown-green!! (on most sites)Need green-green

Bermudagrass Growth

When do you accelerate transition?Minimal root growth < 50 F. soil temp.Optimum root growth 75-85 F. soil temp.Shoot growth ceases < 55 F. air temp.Optimum shoot growth 80-95 F.Need night air temps. of mid-60s F.

Transition Options

• Slow – 4 to 6 wks– Kerb

– Embark (repeats)

– Cultural techniques

• Fast – 10 to 30 days– Katana

– TranXit

– Manor

– Revolver

– Monument

– Battalion

Health and vigor of bermudagrass is exceedingly important to a smooth transition.

www.georgiaturf.com

herbicide effects on ryegrass transition to bermudagrass tim murphy the university of georgia

Documents