henk jochemsen director prisma, holder special chair christian philosophy wageningen university
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The Christian international NGO: direction ,value and impact Christian thought in the development agenda Brussels, May 28, 2013. Henk Jochemsen Director Prisma, Holder special chair Christian Philosophy Wageningen University. Development- what is it?. President Truman, January 1949 “ - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Christian international NGO: direction ,value and impact
Christian thought in the development agenda
Brussels, May 28, 2013
Henk JochemsenDirector Prisma,
Holder special chair Christian Philosophy
Wageningen University
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Development- what is it?
President Truman, January 1949“
…… we must embark on a bold new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and growth of underdeveloped areas. ……”.
In course of 20e century: development cooperation a whole of policy and projects, infrastructure, capital and technology transferYears 60 and 70: not the expected resultsYears 80: neoliberal approach: more emphasis on market But: industrialization leads to environmental problems Focus on Sustainable development
(Brundtland, Our common future, 1987)
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Characteristics of modern development cooperation
Approach from a ‘deficit’ of other culturesTranslation into ‘project’s’Goal-oriented (technological) interventionsLinear causality between interventions and resultsDesire for quantitative measuring of effects But maintaining basic economic power structuresDC is project of modernity
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12-01-09 PhilCulture#HJ 4
http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/centres/tax/Documents/reports/TaxEvasionReportDFIDFINAL1906.pdf en http://www.christianaid.org.uk/Images/false-profits.pdf
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Modernity
Premodern, European: World is disrupted but embodies spiritual and moral order
Mankind forms part of it and has special status/steward
ModernHuman being primarily rational subject and source of his valuesWorld (incl. human body): matter and energy to study, control and use Rise of modern science and technologySocial reality is historic constructionEthics
Careful procedure Limit harm
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Modernization led to industrialization, colonialism and recently to globalization
Positive effects, but also exploitation of the ‘developing’ countries,
Increased gap between the South and the ‘North’ and increased poverty for large groups
On the basis of charity, concern, justice and self- interest about 60 years ago the ‘West’ (= the North) began with ‘development aid’
Development and poverty
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‘Development’, dominant late-modern, liberal concept
Material economic growth Dominant role of the market (since 80’s of 20th century) Unresolved tension with nature conservation and sustainabilityAnthropocentrism Technical approachEmphasis on individual rights, mitigated by participatory approach Social structures are supposedly value-free Blind spot for religion
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Another approach at SCO level: a normative practice
Existing structures not value-free but normatively pre-structured; among others in social practices
A practice is a coherent form of historically developed coherent form of human activity
Reason for existence: a specific value, its finality or telos, realised by
observing a constellation of quality standards (principles and rules; rules mainly matter of ‘know how’)
Those principles and norms derived from core value that is reason for existence of the practice
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Structure of Professional practices
P
Professional practices have characteristic constellations of principles and norms A variety of types of norms: psychological, logical (scientific), technical, social,
juridical, economic, ethical
FPN
N
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Development cooperation as a professional practice
What is ‘telos’ of development?
Economic growth? Progress? Happiness?
Cf. Goudzwaard’s turning around of value hierarchy
Development: aiming at wellbeing (McGregor)Basic needs
Experienced quality of life
Experience of meaning in relation with others
Development as value-realisation in practices and institutions: disclosure of meaning
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Telos of Development cooperation
To support the process of development:
helping people to establish and improve their practices and their value realization
Disclosure of the institutions and practices and their meaning
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Core activities of Development cooperation
Educating/ training/empowering people for practices and establishing institutionsCore activity: Facilitation, brokering, coaching, education, training; the target group should remain agents of their development
Qualifying aspect is the formative (historical,
cultural technical) aspect (like in education)
Core value/normative principle: meaning-oriented shaping
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Normative perspectives philosophy of H. Dooyeweerd
Quantitative (discrete amount) Spatial (continuous space) Kinematic (movement) Physical (energy + mass, forces) Biotic / Organic (life functions + organisms) Sensitive / Psychic (sense, feeling, emotion) Analytical (distinction, conceptualization) Formative (deliberate shaping: history, culture, technology, achievement) Lingual (meaning carried by symbols) Social ('we': sociality, relationships, roles) Economic (frugal management of resources) Aesthetic (harmony, surprise, play, enjoyment; expressiveness) Juridical (due: responsibilities+rights; justice) Ethical (self-giving love, generosity; care ) Pistic (vision, aspiration, commitment, belief)
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‘Direction’ of practice, role of faith & religion
Actual performance of practices ‘directed’ by ‘world view’:
Beliefs and convictions for finding and interpreting meaning
Regulates interpretation of the situation and the rules
Religion, a source for that esp. in developing countries
Religion-inspired beliefs on development should be debatable in public sphere
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Behaviour, culture and religion
Visible problems in culture are the tip of the iceberg ofunderlying values and beliefs
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Direction and christian faith
Christian notions influencing the direction of development practice
Creation motive
Evil and disorder
Liberation and salvation motive
Eschatological motive: anti-utopian
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Practice and virtues
Competent performance of practices requires virtues (stable normative attitudes; embodiment of principles)
The principles and norms of the practice should be observed ‘naturally’, ‘spontaneously’
Understanding; interest, receptiveness, postponing judgement
Openness
Honesty
Trust, modesty and calmness
Wisdom, prudence, courage
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Implications (1)
The modern concept of development has led to a number of global crises (finance, food, fuel)
Yet this modern concept still guiding in most developmental policies of wealthy countries
Has only been partially successful in combating poverty
If successful it will worsen the crises
Change of mind set and system required
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Implications (2)
Respect inherent normativity in reality: ecological and cultural sustainability in addition to social and economic
Pursuit of well-being requires global awareness
From an exploitative to a recycling economy (cradle-to-cradle, bio-economy)
Non-trade concerns count in WTO negotiations
Broader set of indicators for ‘development’ than GNP (e.g. indicators like Human development index, HDI
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Thank you for your attention
See www.prismaweb.org
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Effects of Interventions on culture and behaviour
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www.HDR_2010_EN_Complete_Reprint.pdf p.13
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