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HELPFUL GRAMMAR HINTS

The verb to lie means to rest or recline. The forms are lie, lay,

lain and laying.

The verb to sit means to occupy a seat or position. The forms are

sit, sat, sat, and sitting.

The verb to set meant to place. The forms are set, set, set, and

setting.

The verb to rise means to move upward. The forms are rise, rose,

risen and rising.

The verb to raise means to lift something up. The forms are raise,

raised, raised and raising.

The pronouns each, either, and neither are singular. Also use a

singular verb when every or each modifies a compound subject.

Use the subjective mood for a condition contrary to fact. Following

an indirect quotation, use should, would, could, or might instead or

shall, will, can or may.

A verb agrees with an affirmative subject, not a negative one.

When two subjects are joined by either -- or, or neither -- nor, the

verb will agree with the

subject closer to the verb.

Subjects and objects of infinitives are in the objective case.

The pronoun following to be will be in the objective case if to be

has a subject. If to be has no subject, the pronoun following to be

will be in the nominative case.

Subjects and predicate nominatives are in the nominative case.

The possessive form should precede the gerund (a verb ending in -ing

and used as a noun).

Who is nominative. Use it for subjects and predicate nominatives.

Whom is objective.

EFFECT vs. AFFECT

Rule 1. Use effect when you mean bring about or brought about, cause or caused.

Example He effected a commotion in the crowd.

Rule 2. Use effect when you mean result.

Example What effect did that speech have?

Rule 3. Also use effect whenever any of these words precede it: a, an, the, no, any, take, into

NOTE: These words may be separated from effect by an adjective.

Examples: That book had a long-lasting effect on my thinking.

Has the medicine produced any noticeable effects?

Rule 4. If none of the above fit, use affect.

AFFECT is almost always a verb, meaning influence, producing an effect, as in:

Exercise affects ones physical and mental health.

A good argument can affect the outcome of the case.

How does that affect our schedule?

In its less common meaning of pretense, AFFECT is still used as a verb:

She affected great sympathy for the victim.

EFFECT is usually a noun, the result or consequence. Whenever it can be preceded by the or a it has to be a noun.

Your program of exercise has had a good effect.

The effect on the jury was crucial.

These are my personal effects.

When EFFECT is used occasionally as a verb, it still concerns a result:

The diplomat effected a compromise. (brought about)

The officer will effect an arrest. (He accomplishes it, rather than influencing it.)

Burglary is effected by breaking and entering.

AFFECT -- verb -- have an effect on; move, pretend, influence

EFFECT -- noun -- result; impression produced; belongings

verb -- accomplish; perform

There are four distinct words here. When "affect" is accented on the

final syllable (a-FECT), it is a verb meaning "have an influence on":

"The million-dollar donation from the industrialist did not affect my

vote against the Clean Air Act."

A much rarer meaning is indicated when the word is accented on the

first syllable (AFF-ect), meaning "emotion." In this case the word is

used mostly by psychiatrists and social scientists-- people who

normally know how to spell it. The real problem arises when people

confuse the first spelling with the second: "effect."

This too can be two different words. The more common one is a noun:

"When I left the stove on, the effect was that the house was filled

with smoke." When you affect a situation, you have an effect on it.

The less common is a verb meaning "to create": "I'm trying to effect

a change in the way we purchase widgets." No wonder people are

confused. Hey, nobody ever said English was logical: just memorize it

and get on with your life.

1. What do you think the (affect, effect) of the decision will

be?

e

2. How did her sons departure (affect, effect) Mrs. French? a

3. How was the team (effected, affected) by the loss of their

captain?

a

4. I was surprised at the (affect, effect) of his words on the

audience.

e

5. A number of improvements were (affected, effected) by the new

student council.

e

6. (Affects, Effects ) of the strike were felt everywhere. e

7. His health was (affected, effected) by the cold, damp climate. a

8. In spite of all our efforts, we could not (affect, effect) his

release from prison.

e

9. What was the (affect, effect) of all his efforts? e

10. Despite the efforts of all involved, the group was not able to

(affect, effect) a compromise.

e

11. The special mediator (affected, effected) a settlement between

the two groups.

e

12. Water in the gas line (affected, effected) the cars

performance.

a

13. The net (affect, effect) of all his demands and protests is

exactly nothing.

e

14. I asked the doctor how swimming would (affect, effect) my

cold.

a

15. His harsh words had a strong (effect, affect) on the little

girl.

e

16. They were not able to (affect, effect) a settlement of the

issue.

e

17. His speech (affected, effected) us so that we decided to offer

our services to the reform group.

a

18. He was not able to (affect, effect) a compromise between the

opposing factors.

e

19. She carried an (affected, effected) air of superiority. a

20. The news (affected, effected) him so strongly that he just sat

there, unable to move.

a

21. What was the (affect, effect) of his promotion? e

22. His decision (affected, effected) everyone here. a

23. We had to (affect, effect) a reduction in costs. e

24. The critics greatly (affected, effected) his thinking. a

25. How were you able to (affect, effect) such radical changes? e

26. That book had a major (affect, effect) on his philosophy. e

27. Shelley had to (affect, effect) great reductions in her

expenses.

e

28. What do you suppose the (affect, effect) of her resignation

will be?

e

29. The changes had an enormous (affect, effect) on production. e

30. The energy crisis has greatly (affected, effected) our

lifestyle.

a

31. They were able to (affect, effect) an increase in their

savings.

e

32. Roberta has (affected, effected) many improvements in office

procedures.

a

33. The rainy weather had a bad (affect, effect) on attendance at

the seminar.

e

34. The new personnel ruling does not (affect, effect) my status. a

35. The new director will reorganize the office and (affect,

effect) a number of changes in personnel.

e

36. What she said had no (affect, effect) on the boss. e

37. I dont know why the cold air (affects, effects) my skin. a

38. I hope to (affect, effect) improvements in my work. e

39. The knowledge I gain from this course will (affect, effect) my

performance.

a

40. The new schedule will take (affect, effect) in October. e

41. The supervisor (affected, effected) a reconciliation between

Sam and John.

e

42. The new law goes into (affect, effect) tomorrow. e

43. the (affect, effect) on overall production e

44. took their personal (affects, effects) with them e

45. pressure may (affect, effect) the final outcome a

46. to (affect, effect), or to bring about, this condition e

47. definitely will (affect, effect) our costs a

48. decision will (affect, effect) the economy a

49. the (affect, effect) of her words of caution e

WHO vs. WHICH vs. THAT

Rule 1. Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things.

Examples Glen is the one who rescued the bird.

She belongs to an organization that specializes in saving

endangered species.

Rule 2. That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses.

Examples I do not like editorials that argue for racial

differences in intelligence.

We would not know which editorials were being discussed

without the that clause.

The editorial arguing for racial differences in

intelligence, which appeared in the Sunday newspaper, upset

me.

The editorial is already identified. Therefore, which

begins a nonessential clause.

NOTE: Essential clauses do not have commas surrounding them

while nonessential clauses do contain commas.

Rule 3. If that has already been used in the sentence, use which to introduce the essential clause that follows.

Example That is a decision which you must live with for the

rest of your life.

Rule 4. If the essential clause starts with this, that, these, or those, use which to connect.

Example Those ideas which were discussed on Tuesday will be

put in the minutes of the meeting.

Even better The ideas discussed on Tuesday will be . . .

1. Books have been discovered (that, which) address the

horrors of the Salem witch trial.

(t)

2. That book about the Salem witch trials, (that, which) was

discovered in the basement of the library, will be

published next year.

(w)

3. That is a book (that, which) I have not yet read. (w)

4. The state law (that, which) banned logging ancient redwoods

began at the grassroots level.

(t)

5. The state law to ban logging ancient redwoods, (that,

which) began at the grassroots level, has gained the

attention of lawmakers.

(w)

WHO and WHOM

Rule. Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct. he = who him = whom

Examples Who/Whom wrote the letter?

He wrote the letter. Therefore, who is correct.

For who/whom should I vote?

Should I vote for him? Therefore, whom is correct.

We all know who/whom pulled that prank.

This sentence contains two clauses: We all know and

who/whom pulled that prank. We are interested in the second

clause because it contains the who/whom. He pulled that

prank. Therefore, who is correct.

WHOEVER and WHOMEVER

Rule 1. First of all, use the ever suffix when who or whom can fit into two clauses in the sentence.

Example Give it to whoever/whomever asks for it first.

Give it to him. He asks for it first.

Rule 2. Because we can substitute him and he into both clauses, we must use the ever suffix. Now, to determine whether to use whoever or whomever, here is the rule: him + he = whoever him + him = whomever

Therefore, Give it to whoever asks for it first.

Example We will hire whoever/whomever you recommend.

We will hire him. You recommend him.

him + him = whomever

Example We will hire whoever/whomever is most qualified.

We will hire him. He is most qualified.

him + he = whoever

WHO, WHOM, WHOEVER, WHOMEVER

1. With _______ do you wish to speak?

2. Mr. Hilton, _______ you saw on the elevator, is an

auditor.

3. Be careful _______ you nominate for treasurer.

4. We are glad to give you the names of several persons

in this section of the country _______ you may be

interested in handling your line.

5. ___ shall I ask for information?

6. Its often desirable to select our sales

representatives from among applicants _______ live

in the few large cities.

7. If someone is to benefit from this arrangement,

_______ will it be?

8. _______ are you waiting for?

9. _______ do you wish to see?

10. Leave the information with _______ is at the

reception desk.

11. We have just received a letter from Mr. Erickson

_______, as you know, has asked for the agency for

our irrigation equipment.

12. I am interested in learning _______ is supposed to

have charge of the leasing of the home.

13. Mr. Powers is the man _______ I hope will be elected.

14. Mr. Powers is the man _______ I hope to see elected.

15. Mr. Powers, _______ was confident of election, won.

16. Mr. Smith is a man _______ can be trusted.

17. Mr. Smith is a man _______ I know to be trustworthy.

18. Mr. Smith is a man _______ I know is trustworthy.

19. I dont know _______ he is supposed to be.

20. We are glad to promote those _______ we find to be

trustworthy.

21. It is he, _______ we saw just now, _______ will be

the group leader.

22. Your congressman is the one _______ should receive

your thoughts on current political and economic

problems.

23. Your congressman is the one to _______ you should

send your comments on political and economic

problems.

WORD USAGE

1. My husband wishes I could sing like (she - her).

2. They believe that it was (I - me) who informed the

enemy.

3. Mrs. Dow left us a larger share of her estate than

(they - them).

4. I chose the employee (who - whom) I believed was the

best trained.

5. The man (who - whom) I took for a farmer was really a

bank president.

6. Yes, it was (I - me) who made the investigation.

7. You were cleverer than (me - I) at guessing their

intentions.

8. Mr. Harper would like to have more helpers like (he -

him).

9. This s the man (who - whom) I think is our best

mechanic.

10. I recommended the man (who - whom) I considered best

qualified.

11. I have often wished I looked like (she - her).

12. It is (they - them), the disloyal citizens, (who -

whom) you ought to blame.

13. I have you to thank more than (she - her) for this

thoughtful act.

14. A good engineer like (he - him) could improve the

process.

15. Was it Judy to (whom - who) you gave the message?

16. Returning to the scene of the accident, he saw a man

(who - whom) he was sure had seen what had happened.

17. George hoped it would be (him - he) who would be

called upon.

18. The man in (who - whom) you can place your confidence

is the man (whom - who) you should vote.

19. The conductor shook hands with the musician (who -

whom) had been soloist.

20. Like (he and I - him and me), the others were assigned

to special duties.

21. It was (we - us) who arrived there first, despite our

detour.

22. To meet interesting people like (they - them) is

refreshing.

23. America needs more men like (he - him).

24. We got into the car, (which - but) we found the

battery dead.

25. This came from the (Chiefs of Staff - Chief of

Staffs) office.

26. They thought it was (me - I) that you meant.

27. Men serve most loyally the employer (whom - who) they

feel understands them and their problems.

28. (Fred and Alices - Freds and Alices) marriage is a

happy one.

29. By pulse is meant the beat of blood in an artery,

(what - which) can be felt and counted.

30. Wagner was a far greater composer than (he - him).

31. (Husband and wifes - Husbands and wifes) income may

be reported separately.

32. The only driver (who - whom) I saw on the road

wouldnt stop.

33. He watched the girl and the car (who - that) came

toward him.

34. He was informed that it was (I - me) who wanted the

interview.

35. Do you know any man (who - whom) you think is

competent to direct the project?

36. You are more experienced in the stock market than (I -

me).

37. Like you and (he - him), I am interested in reducing

our costs.

38. I can hardly wait to show you the bargains (what -

which) I found.

39. (Walton and Halls - Waltons and Halls) annual sale

begins today.

40. The man from (who - whom) you bought this desk lamp is

going out of business.

41. Everyone wanted to see the pilot and the plane (who -

that) had made the rescue.

42. Have you seen the (principle - principal) or the

janitor?

43. Leave (we - us) girls alone for a while.

44. The paper mentioned both you and (me - I).

45. She left Ray and (me - I) behind.

46. Why are you always blaming (us - we) criminals?

47. Who told you and (her - she)?

48. Have you and (her - she) had an argument?

49. That was probably Steve and (they - them).

50. Mr. Thomas said that (we - us) girls were late.

51. Tell the headmaster and (he - him) what you did.

52. Are you expecting Jean and (she - her)?

53. I dont believe it was (he - him).

54. Did you know that Bill and (she - her) are engaged.

55. Please tell (we - us) girls where you were.

56. Do not annoy (I - me) or the driver.

57. Certainly you must remember Edna and (I - me -

myself).

58. You misunderstood the teacher and (I - me).

59. Who will drive Peggy and (she - her) to the airport?

That must be (he - him).

60. Ill send you and (he - him) by different routes.

61. The doctor offered to treat her husband and (she -

her).

62. We didnt want to leave Ann and ( she - her) husband.

63. Our callers were probably (they - them).

64. Ray and (I - me) dont need advice.

65. We know it was (he - him).

66. If I had known (who - whom) he was, I would have been

more cordial.

67. Next months chairman will be (whoever - whomever) the

delegates elect.

68. Since I did not know (who - whom) the caller wanted, I

instructed him to return later.

69. Everybody (who - whom) (has - have) paid (his - their)

dues are qualified to vote.

70. The club members (who - whom) have received their

invitations have sent their replies.

71. He was one of the men (who - whom) the politicians

could not influence.

72. No one has figured out to (who -whom) the teacher was

referring.

73. The church is looking for someone (who - whom) it can

assign to lead the choir.

74. John is a boy (who - whom), I think, is well qualified

for the work.

75. The poets (who - whom) the reading public takes to its

heart are not always great poets.

76. Everyone in the courtroom wondered (who - whom) the

mysterious witness would be.

77. Please hand the exhibit to (whoever - whomever) is

going to introduce it into evidence.

Good or Well?

Good is an adjective. It describes nouns or pronouns. It may be used

with descriptive linking verbs like look, feel, sound, taste, or be

to describe the

Incorrect: The coffee tasted well this morning.

Correct: The coffee tasted good this morning.

Correct: The pitcher is looking good today.

Well is normally an adverb. It describes verbs (sometimes adjectives)

and is used with most other verbs.

Well as an adjective means "healthy."

Incorrect: He pitches good.

Correct: He pitches well.

Incorrect: I do not feel very good.

Correct: I do not feel very well. (healthy)

Beside or Besides?

Beside means "close to" or "by the side of."

Besides means "in addition to."

Examples: Come, sit beside me. (Next to me)

Besides me, Fran and Millie will be there. (In addition to me)

Using Between Properly

Between is with two people or things. Note the combination tw in a

number of words meaning "two" such as two, twice, and twin.

Among is used when discussing three or more people or things.

Examples: She had to choose between licorice and cherry.

She had to choose among licorice, cherry, and lime.

Between is used with and. From is used with to.

Never use to with between.

Incorrect: We shuttled between New York to Chicago.

Correct: We shuttled between New York and Chicago.

We shuttled from New York to Chicago.

LAY/LIE

You lay down the book you've been reading, but you lie down when you

go to bed. If the subject is acting on some other object, it's "lay."

If the subject is lying down, then it's "lie." This distinction is

often not made in informal speech, partly because in the past tense

the words sound much more alike: "He lay down for a nap" but "he laid

down the law." If the subject is already at rest, you might "let it

lie."

Lay or Lie?

Lay means "to place something down." It is something you do to

something else. It is a transitive verb.

Incorrect: Lie the book on the table.

Correct: Lay the book on the table.

(It is being done to something else.)

Lie means "to recline" or "be placed." It does not act on anything or

anyone else. It is an intransitive verb.

Incorrect: Lay down on the couch.

Correct: Lie down on the couch.

(It is not being done to anything else.)

The reason lay and lie are confusing is their past tenses.

The past tense of lay is laid.

The past tense of lie is lay.

Incorrect: I lay it down here yesterday.

Correct: I laid it down here yesterday.

(It is being done to something else.)

Incorrect: Last night I laid awake in bed.

Correct: Last night I lay awake in bed.

(It is not being done to anything else.)

The past participle of lie is lain. The past participle of lay is

like the past tense, laid.

Examples: I could have lain in bed all day.

They have laid an average of 500 feet of sewer line a day.

Layed is a misspelling and does not exist. Use laid.

IMPLY/INFER

These two words, which originally had quite distinct meanings, have

become so blended together that most people no longer distinguish

between them. If you want to avoid irritating the rest of us, use

"imply" when something is being suggested without being explicitly

stated and "infer" when someone is trying to arrive at a conclusion

based on evidence. "Imply" is more assertive, active: I imply that

you need to revise your paper; and, based on my hints, you infer that

I didn't think highly of your first draft.

PRINCIPAL/PRINCIPLE

Generations of teachers have tried to drill this one into students'

heads by reminding them, "The principal is your pal." Many don't seem

convinced. "Principal" is a noun and adjective referring to someone

or something which is highest in rank or importance. (In a loan, the

principal is the more substantial part of the money, the interest is-

-or should be--the lesser.) "Principle" is only a noun, and has to do

with law or doctrine: "The workers fought hard for the principle of

collective bargaining."

disperse/disburse

proscribe/prescribe

sometime/some time

imminent/eminent

complement/compliment

exceed/accede

inculpate/exculpate

proceed/precede

illicit/elicit

MORE WORD USAGE

1. He found it difficult to (adapt/adopt) to life in

college.

2. What do you think the (affect/effect) of the

decision will be?

3. I did not understand his (allusions/illusions) to my

brother.

4. The (alumni/alumnae) of a local school for girls are

holding a reunion today.

5. We have sold an unusually large (number/amount) of

fountain pens this year.

6. On tour we met friends (everywheres/everywhere) we

went.

7. Everyone agreed with me (accept/except) you.

8. His expectation of a large fortune proved to be only

an (allusion/illusion).

9. I was surprised when he (adopted/adapted) my

suggestion.

10. All (alumni/alumnae) of our high school are very

loyal.

11. This is (all the farther/as far as) the bus goes.

12. How did her sons departure (affect/effect) Mrs.

French?

13. Everyone (accept/except) George and me finished the

assignment on time.

14. You should not (accept/except) money for doing a

good deed.

15. Do you know any (alumnae/alumni) of a womans

college?

16. How was the team (effected/affected) by the loss of

their captain?

17. After our panel discussion, the audience asked a

large (amount/number) of questions.

18. Miltons poetry is full of obscure classical

(allusions/illusions).

19. If you cant (accept/except) my invitation, please

let me know.

20. You can fool him easily because he is so

(credulous/credible).

21. (Beside/Besides) the excellent meals, the hotel

provides superb recreational facilities.

22. (Bring/Take) your cousin with you when you come to

my house tonight.

23. Ill (take/bring) your letters to the post office

when I go downtown.

24. I was surprised at the (affect/effect) of his words

on the audience.

25. It took courage to (emigrate/immigrate) from and

established home and settle in the American

wilderness.

26. There are (fewer/less) students enrolled here this

year than last year.

27. Do you intend to divide the work (among/between) the

four of us?

28. We have (fewer/less) honors classes this year.

29. In what year was the atom bomb

(invented/discovered)?

30. (Among/Between) the six of us we could raise the

money.

31. Please (bring/take) this card to the library when

you go.

32. He looked so much like the picture that I supposed

Richard to be (he/him)?

33. I asked the witness to hand the paper to Mr. Brown

and (I/me).

34. It was (they/them) who saw (he/him) and (she/her) on

the night in question.

35. The defendant was (lying/laying) in wait in the dark

alley.

36. The plaintiff complained that she had (laid/lain)

down each afternoon because of the pain.

37. A great attraction (was/were) the sideshows.

38. Neither the judge nor the attorneys (know/knows)

whether he will testify.

39. It was (we/us) fellows (who/whom) the judge

appointed.

40. Every member of the jury must show (his/their) pass.

41. May I have one of the exhibits which (is/are)

supposed to be introduced?

42. The doctor recommended that the plaintiff move to a

(healthy/healthful) climate.

43. The census indicates (fewer/less) people in the

urban areas.

44. (Two thirds/Two-thirds) of those who have been

selected for the jury (is/are) in the courtroom.

45. APPEALS BRIEFS (is/are) a collection of some briefs

that (is/are) on the reference list.

46. He is one of the attorneys who (is/are) always late.

47. The judge assumed that the attorney was

(inferring/implying) that the judges ruling was

incorrect.

48. (Who/Whom) do you suppose let (they/them) and the

Smiths use their car?

49. A small percent of them (require/requires) greater

care.

50. The attorney, accompanied by his clients, (was/were)

in the courtroom.

51. We cannot (accept/except) your firm from this

regulation.

52. This machine will (affect/effect) a great

improvement in your work.

53. The salesman will (canvas/canvass) all the stores in

the city.

54. The guidance (councilor/counselor) helps students to

choose careers.

55. An impartial witness is wholly

(disinterested/uninterested).

56. (Dont/Doesnt) Mr. Gay want to have a share in this

good work?

56. How much (farther/further) do we have to drive to

get to Canton?

57. We now have twenty (fewer/less) employees in our

Easton plant.

58. Mr. King then (formally/formerly) introduced the

speaker.

59. We expect to (hear/here) from Mr. Austin by next

Wednesday.

60. We were (lead/led) to believe delivery would be made

on May 10.

61. On December 1 we are (losing/loosing) the services

of Mr. West.

62. This county has now (passed/past) 6000,000 in

population.

63. A new (principal/principle) for this school has been

appointed.

64. What is the (principal/principle) subject to be

discussed?

65. What is the underlying (principle/principal) of the

machine?

66. The customer apparently prefers this blue

(surge/serge) suit.

67. You can now buy fine (stationary/stationery) at that

store.

68. I believe (their/there) has been no change in the

position.

69. The merchandise arrived (to/too) late for our

purpose.

70. Nothing of this kind must ever come between you and

(I/me).

71. (Who/Whom) do you consider to be the best fitted for

this work?

72. The number of employees in our three offices

(is/are) now 300.

73. The men you are to see about this matter are

(they/them).

74. The data you asked us to prepare (is/are) not quite

ready.

75. Next year the city will observe (its/its) 100th

anniversary.

76. Mr. Wells gave (we/us) salesmen an excellent

demonstration.

77. Neither of these machines (is/are) suitable for the

purpose.

78. He is one of those people who (is/are) always late

for meetings.

79. The cost was (considerable/considerably) higher than

anticipated.

80. The books have been (laying/lying) on this desk for

several days.

81. Every one of the officers must do (his/their) share

of the work.

82. Each series of games (was/were) won by the West

College team.

83. You ought to (lay/lie) down for an hour or so.

84. George is the only one of the students who as/have)

finished.

85. It is Mr. Wheeler and (I/me) who have been given

this responsibility.

86. Not one of these women seems to know just what

(she/they) should do.

87. The contractor (began/begun) this job on the first

of last month.

88. A wide range of marine supplies (is/are) kept in

stock here.

89. I certainly wish I (was/were) able to come to the

meeting.

90. Mr. Sayre has asked Mr. Hammond and (I/me) to serve

with him.

91. As I think back, I believe I did take you to be

(he/him).

92. This rule has been (broke/broken) a number of times.

93. The amount given on these sheets (is/are) the

proceeds of the sale.

94. The examination will be made by Mr. Whiting and

(I/me).

95. No one but (I/me) would believe you.

96. Whats the sense (of/in) getting drunk?

97. He offered one (incredulous/incredible) excuse after

another for coming home late.

98. Now, how does Marilyn Monroe (affect/effect) you?

99. Do you (imply/infer) that I am lying?

100. Theres something going on between Judy and

(him/he).

101. The earth (continually/continuously) moves around

the sun.

102. Mix two (cupsful/cupfuls/cups full) of flour with a

cupful of sugar.

103. And your wife produces the same (affect/effect) of

course?

104. He has somehow managed to keep on good terms his

(brothers-in-law/brother-in-laws).

105. The spy was (hanged/hung).

106. What (sort of/ sort of a) grade do you think you

will make in this test?

107. Home Savings now pays 3 1/2 percent on your

(principle/principal).

108. The lion licked (its/its) chops when the first

Christian entered the arena.

109. Allen expects you and (I/me) to come to the studio

by ten.

110. Many curious (passer-bys/passers-by) stopped, but no

one offered help.

111. Everyone except (she/her) was on time.

112. The price of books (is/are) getting higher and

higher.

113. Jules as well as Allen (is/are) having lunch with us

today.

114. Neither of your reasons (is/are) sufficient.

115. Was the letter addressed to you and (I/me) or only

you?

116. The manager of the Social Security office, with his

assistants and secretaries (is/are) coming to check

over your payroll today.

117. His ability and experience (is/are) of great value

to his company.

118. When either of your manuscripts (is/are) rejected,

let me know.

119. He (robbed/stole) my watch.

120. Margie, unlike her parents (has/have) a calm, sweet

disposition.

121. (Those/That) criteria (are/is) not valid.

122. Boatload after boatload of soldiers (is/are)

landing.

123. One of my best friends (is/are) coming to check over

your payroll today.

124. What is a good (preventative/preventive) of rickets?

125. Would you like to take a walk with Estelle and

(I/me)?

126. How (is/are) your mother and father today?

127. English, like French and Latin, (contain/contains)

case forms.

128. Each of your sisters (is/are) very pretty.

129. Where have you (laid, lain) my things?

130. The checks were (laying/lying) on my desk all

morning.

131. If it (was/were) a nice day, we could have a picnic.

132. Does she wish she (was/were) going to the party?

133. If the boss (was/were) here, you would do more work.

134. I wish he (was/were) your father.

135. It was (I/me) you were talking about, wasnt it?

136. If he (was/were) the last man on earth, she

wouldnt marry him.

137. That man, if he (was/were) your father, should have

said hello.

138. That man acts as if he (was/were) your father.

139. If that (was/were) the reason for your refusal, why

didnt you say so?

140. (Who/Whom) does he think he is?

141. Her sister, (who/whom) he divorced after a year of

marriage, is looking for a new husband.

142. (Who/Whom) would you like it to be?

143. Ill invite (whoever/whomever) wants to come to the

party.

144. He talks as if he (was/were) her husband.

145. The man (who/whom) youre referring to has left your

employ.

146. Neither I nor he (is/are/am) able to help you.

147. But you can talk just a fast as (he/him).

148. Have you (drank/drunk) the Tom Collins yet?

149. It is a lovely (sensuous/sensual) poem.

150. He can talk even faster than (I/me).

151. The Nazis (persecuted/prosecuted) the Jews.

152. He drove through the (dessert/desert) for nearly an

hour.

153. (Who/Whom) did you wish to see?

154. Was it (he/him) who answered the phone?

155. I would (of/have) had my picture taken at Lincoln

Studios if I had been in New Rochelle.

156. Many liberals wish that Roosevelt (was/were) still

alive.

157. I would rather work for the Browns that for

(she/her) and her husband.

158. (Beside/Besides) the dishes, you also have to wash

the silverware.

159. (Irregardless/Regardless) of what you say, Im going

anyway.

160. We have work for (whoever/whomever) wants to work.

161. Ten cents a piece (is/are) too much for that candy.

162. He is one of those men who (has/have) no

consideration for others.

163. Have you any (council/counsel) for a misguided

youth?

164. The (luxurious/luxuriant) vegetation makes passage

almost impossible.

165. I (can/cant) scarcely see the stage.

166. Im not talking about (that/that there) man.

167. No one is here besides (we/us).

168. She (dont doesnt) look very (well/good) to me.

169. What I want (is/are) more pictures.

170. We would like an (invite/invitation) to your party.

171. It is I who (is/am) more interested in your welfare

than you are yourself.

172. We thought the General to be (he/him).

VERB TENSE

1. Has your sister Ann driven/drove much? driven

2. I know that your father give/gave her a car for

graduation.

gave

3. The rain had froze/frozen on the pavement. frozen

4. After I had spoke/spoken to Mary, I noticed she was

wearing new glasses.

spoken

5. He has already went/gone to meet her. gone

6. Have you written/wrote the letter yet? written

7. She had drank/drunk her soda. drunk

8. Have you and she took/taken the test? taken

9. Not a word was spoke/spoken. spoken

10. I swum/swam for more than an hour. swam

11. I know I done/did wrong. did

12. Have you seen/saw that movie? seen

13. Has he already gone/went when you came? gone

14. I use/used to play the piano. used

15. Has the bell rang/rung? rung

16. A low ball was thrown/throwed. thrown

17. He seen/saw that I was angry. saw

18. Two wild stallions were rode/ridden that day. ridden

19. Not much money was stole/stolen. stolen

20. I have swam/swum there several times. swum

21. Has the shirt shrank/shrunk? shrunk

22. The automobile was taken/took to the garage for

repairs.

taken

23. Had he ran/run in track meets before? run

24. I saw him when he did/done it. did

25. He raised/rose from the chair and turned off the TV rose

26. Sit/Set the lamp on this table. set

27. He lay/laid his glasses aside and frowned. laid

28. I shall lay/lie down for a few minutes. lie

29. She had lay/lain on the sofa before. lain

30. The baby was still laying/lying quietly in the crib. lying

31. Is the newspaper laying/lying in the rain? lying

32. Did you sit/set the package on the table? set

33. You may sit/set on the chair. sit

34. Please do not rise/raise your voice. raise

35. The biscuits have raised/risen. risen

36. The curtain will raise/rise at nine oclock. rise

37. If Jack was/were a foreigner, he might be more

appreciative of his privileges.

were

38. If Becky were/was here, I did not see her. was

39. Barbara wishes she was/were a better golfer. were

40. She always acts as though she was/were angry with her

staff.

were

41. Have you ever ate/eaten lunch in the cafeteria? eaten

42. Our boss always checks each invoice as though it

was/were a matter of life and death.

were

43. I wish I was/were in Florida at the convention. were

44. If Jack was/were older, he wouldnt be eligible for

this policy.

were

45. My secretary saw/seen the mistake immediately. saw

46. This office needs a new carpet because this on is

wore/worn out.

worn

47. Have they chosen/chose the cover design for the new

brochures.

chosen

48. After I had flew/flown to Newark, I had to drive to

Atlantic City.

flown

49. You should not have stopped; you should have

drove/driven there directly.

driven

50. We have gave/given blood for our companys annual

drive.

given

IRREGULAR VERBS

1. He spent the summer just (lying/laying) around home.

2. Someone (lay/laid) the dictionary on my glasses.

3. We had (lain/laid) a burning cigar on the edge of the

table.

4. Jimmy (lay/laid) down on the back seat of the car.

5. I saw your hat (lying/laying) on the hall table.

6. She had just (lain/laid) down when the telephone rang.

7. Have they (lain/laid) the cornerstone yet?

8. Not feeling well, he (lay/laid) in his sleeping bag

all day.

9. She (lay/laid) her sewing aside and went to the door.

10. Dont leave any money (lying/laying) in plain sight.

11. The wreck (lay/laid) in twenty feet of water.

12. The cat loves to (lie/lay) on the window sill.

13. The missing book was (lying/laying) on the top shelf.

14. Do you remember where you (lay/laid) my pen?

15. You shouldnt have (lain/laid) there so long.

16. Jack was (lying/laying) on the deck.

17. Here the coal (lies/lays) near the surface.

18. We gathered driftwood while Doug (lay/laid) a fire.

19. I planned to (lie/lay) down for only ten minutes.

20. Gently she (lay/laid) down the injured child.

21. Sandy usually (lies/lays) near the fire.

22. I could not persuade him to (lie/lay) down.

23. Yesterday Dad and I (lay/laid) the new carpet.

24. The cat never (lies/lays) in the bed we made for her.

25. Someone had (lain/laid) a paintbrush on the chair.

26. His clothes were (lying/laying) about the room.

27. Frank had (lain/laid) his camera on the railing.

28. The fossils had (lain/laid) there for a million years.

29. Beneath his rough exterior (lies/lays) a kind heart.

30. I keep forgetting where I have (lain/laid) the hammer.

31. She has been (sitting/setting) by the telephone all

evening.

32. Bill just (sat/set) still and said nothing.

33. In what row were you (sitting/setting)?

34. Extra chairs were (sat/set) in the aisles by the

ushers.

35. Had you (sat/set) there longer, you would have caught

a fish.

36. Where have you (laid/lain) my things?

37. (Lay/Lie) the baby on the bed to change her diaper.

38. In which room did you (lie/lay) the blue rug?

39. (Lie/Lay) your coat on the bed.

40. The wounded man (lay/laid/lain) in the street for over

an hour before help arrived.

41. The baby has (laid/lain) in the carriage all morning.

42. Id like to (lie/lay) down for a few minutes.

RPR COMPUTER TERMS

1. C.A.T

2. MONITOR

3. SOFTWARE

4. HARDWARE

5. HARD DISK

6. SCOPE

7. DUMP

8. ON-LINE

9. MODEM

10. TO BOOT UP

11. DICTIONARY

12. RAM

13. GLOBAL

14. FLOPPY DISK

15. REALTIME

16. EDIT STATION

17. TRANSLATE

18. INDEX

19. FILE

20. DOT MATRIX

21. LASER PRINTER

22. BYTES, MEGABYTES

A CAT TEST

Directions: Study the lettered terms below. Select the one term

that best matches its definition. Select the letter appearing next

to the term you choose and place it in blank space.

a. DOS n. CRT SCREEN

b. MEGABYTE o. BIT

c. FORMAT p. MEGAHERTZ

d. ASCII q. JOB

e. KILOBIT r. ETM

f. RAM s. BINARY

g. FLOPPY DISK t. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

h. COMPUTER HARDWARE u. FIXED DISK

i. GLOBAL SEARCH AND REPLACE v. COMPUTER SOFTWARE

j. OPERATING SYSTEM w. BACKUP FILES

k. APPLICATION SOFTWARE x. BAUD RATE

l. FILE y. BOOT

m. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE z. BYTE

___1. 1,024 bits

___2. a measure of computer speed in millions of cycles per second

___3. a flexible disk

___4. the name of a 7-bit code used to represent data on most

personal computers

___5. the term used to indicate approximately one million characters

of storage

___6. the brain of the computer is

___7. initial loading of the operating system software when computer

is first turned on

___8. a classification of software that performs specific user tasks

as opposed to controlling the operations of the computer

system

___9. a set of operating programs that control the operation of the

computer system itself

___10. the general name for programs that can be run on the computer

system

___11. another name for initializing a disk

___12. the smallest unit of computer memory

___13. conflict resolution known as AICR

___14. another name for bits per second, which measures the

transmission speed

___15. an extra copy of a file or disk, stored in case something

happens to the original

___16. the number system with two possible states for each digit: 0

or 1

___17. all notes taken during a session

___18. an electronic tape mark

___19. a display devise that generates images

___20. random access memory

___21. eight adjacent bits of memory treated as a unit of information

___22. a collection of related records

___23. a hard disk in which the disk platter is mounted permanently

inside and airtight, factory-sealed unit

___24. the master set of programs that manage the computer

___25. the physical equipment in a computer system

CSR VOCABULARY

aberrant something not typical, deviation

abjure to recant; renounce

abode dwelling; home

abrade to scrape; grind; chafe

accentuate stress; show off by a contrast

acquiesce to consent

adjunct addition; assistant

admissible allowed; permitted

adobe brick of clay

affable gracious; friendly

affront insult; offend

ameliorate become better; amend; convalesce; recuperate

amenable ready to yield or be influenced

amity friendship; benevolence

anathema solemn curse; a thing or person greatly

detested

anomaly irregularity; deviation from the norm

apathetic indifferent; impassive; dry

apiary place for bees

apotheosis proclamation; glorification

arbitrary selected at random; autocratic

aristocracy small class of privileged people

arrant being completely such; thoroughgoing; absolute

ascendancy influence, power, dominance

askew to one side; awry

audacity boldness; inoffensive

augment enlarge or increase

auspicious favorable

austerity severe

avarice greed; rapacity; cupidity

aviary place for birds

azure clear blue; cerulean

bagatelle trifle

blithe gay; cheerful

bogus counterfeit; spurious; false, sham

brazen impudent; shameless

brazen shameless; impudent

break fracture; cleft

brogan heavy shoe

bucolic country life; rustic

burnish polish; brightness; buff; furbish

cajole persuade deceptively

capitulate surrender

capricious impulsive; unpredictable

captious finding fault; critical; carping

cauldron large kettle or vat for boiling

censor examine; expurgate

censure disapproval, blame, reprehend, abjure, arrest

chert compact rock of mostly quartz

chimerical whimsical; imaginary

chink crack; cleft; slit

cogent having power to compel; convincing

collusion secret cooperation for deceit

commodious roomy; large; ample

compendious concise, succinct

concatenation linking, connecting; sequence, series

conciliatory agreeable; accommodating

condemn judgment, blame, reproof

condign deserved; adequate

condone forgive; pardon; excuse

consternation sorrow, alarming dread or amazement

constraint compulsion; force; coercion; duress

contented satisfied; appeased; gratified

contentious state of contending

continuance duration, extension

corporeal material, physical

correspondents communication by letters; people

cryptic having a hidden or mysterious meaning;

concealed

cudgel short and heavy club

cupidity greed; avarice; curiosity

dearth lack, scarcity

defunct dead, extinct

deglutition to swallow

deleterious harmful; noisome

delude mislead; deceive; fool

dementia mental deterioration

deploy to unfold, arrange

depredation to rob of goods by force; pillage

deriquer required by etiquette or fashion

derision mockery; disdain; scorn

descry discern; to take cognizance of by physical or

mental vision

despoil plunder; pillage; loot

desuetude disuse; ceasing of a course

didactic morally instructive

diffidence shyness; lack of confidence in oneself

disparage say bad things about

dissent object or disagree

ditty short, simple song

divest deprive; to strip, undress

dogma that which one believes; an opinion; belief

system

dotage senility; age accompanied by a decline of

mental poise and alertness

droll amusing; humorous; whimsical

duplicity double dealing; deceit; hypocrisy

ease alleviate; comfort

eccentric extreme; odd in behavior

edifice building with large structure; pile; erection

effete exhausted of vitality; lacking power to bear

offspring or produce fruit

efficacious effectual; producing or capable or producing a

result

effrontery impudence; boldness; disregard of others

emanate originate; come forth; derive

emolument salary; reward

enamored charmed; smitten

enervate weaken; exhaust

engender bring about

ensconced settle comfortably

ensuing following; consequent

equanimity composure; poise

equivocal ambiguous; dubious

ergo consequently; therefore

erudite deeply learned

eschew shun, avoid

espouse to support, advocate

etiology the cause; the study of causes; the cause of

disease

exacerbate provoke; worsen

exculpate exonerate; free from blame

existent present

exonerate clear of blame

exorbitant exceeding what is usual or proper

expiate to atone for, make amends

expurgate to cleanse; purge; censor

extant existing; contemporary

extinct not existing

facetious joking

facsimile exact copy

factitious forced or artificial

fallacy mislead, delusion

farthing British coin

fatuous silly; purposeless

feasible capable of being done

fetid stinking; offensive; smell

filial befitting a son or daughter; dutiful;

respectful

final ultimate

flamboyant brilliant or showy

florid excessively flowery in style; reddish colored

forlorn abandoned; hopeless

fortuitous accidentally; haphazard

franchise right or privilege

fruition realization; completion

fundamental basic; or central importance or necessity

furtive stealthily; sly

gambol frisk; frolic; leap or tumble

gamut range; series

gelid cold; frozen

germane pertinent; apropos

glower scowl; stare angrily; frown

grotto a small cave; a cavelike shrine

haggle argue in bargaining

hiatus pause, gap, break

hogshead cask

hogshead barrel or cask

hoi polloi common people

homily sermon

homogenous alike

hone sharpen

hostelry hodge; inn

hypothesis unproved theory; assumption

imbue inspire; fill as with color or a feeling

impasse deadlock

impetus impelling force, driving force

importunate persistent; urgent; immediate attention

impudent disrespectful; insolent; sassy; brazen

impute attribute to another; ascribe

inane silly, foolish

incendiary inflammatory; strife

incredulous disbelieving; skeptical

inculpate incriminate; indict

indicia characteristic marks; identifying marks

indictment accusation

indigenous native; innate

indigent poor; destitute

indite to write, compose

indolent lazy, listless

ineffable indescribable or unutterable

inexorable relentless; unavoidable

infamous disgraceful; ill-famed

innervate stimulate

innuendo insinuation

inordinate excessive; beyond reasonable

insidious treacherous

insolent disrespectful; impudent

intimate private; familiar

intoxicated inebriated

intrinsic inherent

inured accustomed; to make something undesirable by

prolonged subjection

inveterate habitual

kedge small anchor

kiln hearth; oven; fire; pottery oven

laconic terse; concise; brief

lambent flickering, glowing softly; soft radiance

languish to pine; weaken; discouraged

latent present but not apparent; hidden

laudable praiseworthy

legacy bequest

lethargy inaction

loquacious talkative

lurid sensational

luxurious sensuously comfortable

malign evil

mayhem disfigurement

miscreant villain; scoundrel; pariah

mitigate lessen

moribund in a dying state

mulct defraud; fine; penalty

nascent nebulous; beginning; inceptive; incipient

nefarious very wicked

nicety accuracy; fine detail; exactness

obeisance homage; respect; honor

obliterate completely remove or destroy

ogre cruel, ugly, frightening man; dreaded person

ombudsman public official

opprobrious shameful; contemptuous

palate taste

palpable obvious; touchable; perceptible

pander pimp; to procure; beg

paradoxical contradictory

parley converse

parry to ward off; push aside; to evade skillfully,

dodge

parsimonious miserly; extreme frugality; stingy

pathos sorrow, pity, poignancy

penultimate next to last

percipient astute; perceptive; discerning

peremptory dictatorial; imperious; authoritative

perennial everlasting; inveterate; lifelong

perfidy betrayal of trust; treachry; disloyalty;

breach of faith

perfunctory superficial; casual; done merely as a duty

permeate penetrate

pertinent relevant

philatelist stamp collector

piebald covered with patches of two colors

pilfer steal; appropriate; collar

pliant flexible

pontificating opinionated

precipitous steep; abrupt; sheer; closeness

prescient clairvoyant; foresight

principle rule

prodigal wastefully extravagant; profuse; lavish

proffered tender; offer; presented

profligate wildly extravagant; licentious

propagate fruitful; to breed

propiriate appease; appease; pacify

protocol etiquette

provident thrifty

prurient lascivious; arousing interest in a sexual

nature

puerile childish, infantile

pusillanimous cowardly

querulous complaining; questioning; irritable

rancor ire; wrath; ill will; deep hatred

raze to demolish; to tear down

rebuke censure

recalcitrant stubborn; disobedient

recant take back (something said) publicly

recumbent lying down; resting; idle

regale entertain

repine fret; sigh; gloom

replete full; abundant; fill to brim

reprehend abjure; censure; arrest; reprove; blame

reprobate ruffian; brutal person; condemn strongly

requisite essential

rescind take back

restive uneasy; uptight; nervous

reticent silent

retreat withdrawal

revel festivity; to take great pleasure in; make

merry

robust vigorous; healthy; hardy

ruffian tough violent man; thug

sagacious shrewd; wise; sound judgment

salubrious healthful; salutary; wholesome

scion descendant; shoot of a plant; branch

scurrilous obscene language; abusive; vulgar; vile, fowl-

mouthed

secede withdraw; retire

sentient conscious; capable of feeling

sequacious tending to follow any leader; dependent;

compliant

sign indication

sinecure cushy job

skulk move in a stealthy manner; creep; glide; to

lurk

specious false; misleading; seemingly sound

spurn reject; decline; dismiss

stifle smother; suppress

subjugate subdue; enslave; dominate

subterfuge artifice; deception; cheat

subversive overthrow or ruin

sunder tear apart; separate; break; to split apart

surreptitious stealthy; sneaky; secret

surrogate substitute; replacement

syllogism overused word

tacit silent; implied

tedium boredom; tiresome

teem full, overflowing

temerity foolish or rash boldness; recklessness

tenuous slender; not dense or thick

timbre the characteristic quality of sound

torpid sluggish; inactive; comatose

touted publicized; praise highly

travail agony; drudge; labor

treacle thick syrup; sickening sweet flattery

truckling to exchange or barter; to peddle

turnkey a person at prison in charge of keys; jailer

ubiquitous omnipresent; universal

Ulster long coat

ultimate final, maximum or extreme

usurp seize; arrogate; appropriate

venerate honor; revere; adore; worship

veracity correctness

vestige trace; memento; relic

vociferous noisy and insistent

voracious greedy; ravenous; exceedingly hungry

wane decrease

wanton merciless; malicious; unjustifiable

winsome charming; beautiful

writhe contort or suffer; agonize; squirm; to twist

CAN YOU SPELL THESE CORRECTLY?

ACOMODATE

MISCHIVUS

UNPARALELD

PSYCOLOGY

DISAPOINTS

SOVREN

MINITURE

RECOMEND

DISIPLIN

TECNICLY

EXESSIV

OCASION

PROFESSR

GARDIAN

REMEMBRD

INOCUUS

GAGE

VACUM

SPELLING TEST

A B

1. Annoint Anoint B

2. Cooly Coolly

3. Supersede Supercede

4. Irresistible Irresistable A

5. Develplement Development B

6. Alright All right

7. Seperate Separate B

8. Tyranny Tyrrany A

9. Harrass Harass B

10. Desiccate dessicate A

11. Indispensable Indidpensible A

12. Recieve Receive B

13. Pursue Persue A

14. Reccomend Recommend B

15. Desperate Desparate A

16. Liquify Liquefy B

17. Seize Sieze A

18. Cemetary Cemetery B

19. Subpoena Subpena A

20. Definately Definitely B

21. Ocassion Occasion B

22. Consensus Concensus A

23. Inadvertant Inadvertent B

24. Minuscule Miniscule

25. Judgment Judgement A

26. Inoculate Innoculate A

27. Drunkenness Drunkeness A

28. Occurence Occurrence B

29. Dissipate Disippate A

30. Weird Wierd A

31. Alot A lot B

32. Accomodate Accommodate B

33. Embarrassment Embarassment A

34. ecstacy ecstasy B

35. repetition repitition A

36. battalion batallion A

37. despair dispair A

38. irritable irritible A

39. accidently accidentally B

40. liaison liason A

41. memento momento A

42. brocolli broccoli B

43. millennium millenium

44. yeild yield B

45. existence existance A

46. independent independant A

47. sacreligious sacrilegious B

48. insistent insistant A

49. excede exceed B

50. privilege priviledge A

VOCABULARY

JUDICIOUS (A) FOOLISH (B) MEANDERING (C) ILLEGAL

(D) PUNISHABLE (E) LOOSE

DISSIPATE (A) UNARM (B) AMASS (C) CONDONE D)IMPROVE

(E) PLAN

INFIDELITY: (A) DISHONESTY (B) HATRED (C) FAITHFULNESS

(D) PRIDE (E) BEAUTY

REPRISAL: (A) FORGIVENESS (B) WEAKNESS (C) MODESTY

(D) PRIDE (E) THOUGHTFULNESS

CONTROVERSIAL: (A) DEFENDABLE (B) OVERT (C) BLAND

(D) EAGER (E) HARMONIOUS

NOMINAL: (A) NAMELESS (B) PROHIBITORY (C) EVENTUAL

(D) BLAMELESS (E) REFUSAL

SCAPEGOAT: (A) CRIMINAL (B) CLOWN (C) JUDGE

(D) DRAMATIST (E) PACIFIST

DEROGATORY: (A) ANGRY (B) EMOTIONAL (C) RESPECTFUL

(D) QUIET (E) EAGER

FORESTALL: (A) PRECIPITATE (B) RECOVER (C) BLEND

(D) ANTICIPATE (E) UNDERSTAND

MACABRE: (A) DOLEFUL (B) MANDATORY (C) BLESSED

(D) CHEERFUL (E) UNUSUAL

RUSTIC: (A) SLIPPERY (B) URBANE (C) FORENSIC

(D) FINITE (E) CROWDED

CATALYST: (A) DETERRENT (B) BLUEPRINT (C) DEMAND

(D) AGREEMENT (E) CONCOCTION

GALL: (A) SOOTHE (B) DEMAND (C) EXPLAIN

(D) RETIRE (E) OMIT

COLLATERAL: (A) USUAL (B) ANTICIPATED (C) EVENTFUL

(D) CHRONIC (E) PRIMARY

OVERT: (A) UNKNOWING (B) UNKNOWN (C) UNWILLING

(D) UNABLE (E) UNEQUALED

SOBRIETY: (A) CALMNESS (B) EAGERNESS (C) INTELLIGENCE

(D) STUPIDITY (E) DRUNKENNESS

WAX: (A) TROUBLE (B) CAUSE (C) DECREASE

(D) CLEANSE (E) FAIL

TERSE: (A) HAPPY (B) LENGTHY (C) EVIL

(D) STUBBORN (E) RIGID

EMANCIPATE: (A) SUBJUGATE (B) ACQUIT (C) RATIFY

(D) ARBITRATE (E) FORTIFY

PHILANTHROPIC: (A) MONOPOLISTIC (B) MALLEABLE (C) IMPASSIVE

(D) DEMONSTRATIVE (E) PROVOCATIVE

MECHANICS

DIRECTIONS: Read each three-line sentence and decide whether there

are errors in USAGE, SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, or CAPITALIZATION in any

of the three parts. If so, note the letter printed beside the part

which contains the error or errors. Then circle the letter. If

there is no error in any part of the sentence, do nothing. No

sentence has more than one part with errors, and some sentences do

not have any errors.

EXAMPLES:

A When all the marks were

B added together, his standing

C was forth in the class.

Part C of the sentence contains the spelling error forth.

Therefore the letter C should be circled.

CSR Instructions:

1. Read each line to determine whether there is an error.

2. If there is an error, determine the type of error.

3. Mark the letter on the answer sheet that corresponds

to the type of error in the transcript line.

A. PUNCTUATION commas, periods, apostrophes,

quotes, dashes, semicolons,

colons, and run-on sentences

B. WORD USAGE homonyms: to/too/two,

sight/site/cite, confusing pairs

(affect/effect, imply/infer)

C. STANDARD GRAMMAR subject/verb agreement. verb

form, noun/pronoun case

D. SPELLING misspelled

E. NO ERROR The line contains no error.

1. a. Unless the wire is fastened secure to the terminal,

b. there are reasons to believe that the connection

c. will eventually cause serious difficulty.

2. d. It made no difference to Doctor Hampton whether Amy

e. chose the Christmas or Easter vacation period so

f. long as she had the operation within the next six months.

3. a. One should not blame him greatly

b. on account of him being slow, but I

c. confess that I find his laziness unforgivable.

4. d. Less members volunteered for the drive than

e. the director could have wished, but he knew

f. no tactful way to alleviate the situation.

5. a. Across the room he glimpsed someone, who looked

b. just like his former employer; however, he

c. learned later that the man was a stranger.

6. d. The outstanding attraction of these building lots are

e. the magnificent trees, the rich soil, and

f. the well-planned, inconspicuous approaches.

7. a. No special thanks were due me, for the

b. conferences fitted my schedule very well, and

c. I was merely fulfilling my obligations as counselor.

8. d. As a cook she has her limitations;

e. she had ought to scour the

f. skillet more thoroughly, I think.

9. a. The best way to relax is to lay down on the sofa,

b. put a pillow under your head and one under your

c. knees, and consciously try to think of nothing.

10. d. George expects to get a job; then he will

e. no longer be financially embarrassed -- that is

f. unless he also has to support his aged parents.

11. a. When the attorney tried to prove the

b. ownership of the pistol, the accused

c. said, he had never seen the thing.

12. d. The Millerton Agency advertised that its entire

e. supply of trucks, tractors, and other farm equipment

f. was going to be disposed of at a sacrifice.

13. a. Henrys father took a number of us boys, including Henry and

I.

b. on a camping trip during the Thanksgiving weekend, but we

c. both caught colds and got hardly any enjoyment out of our

vacations.

14. d. Transferring the maintenance shed to the new site

e. necessitated renting a big trailer truck, nevertheless

f. the move proved advantageous in the long run.

15. a. The outcome most to be expected was that

b. the new premier, an admittedly conservative man,

c. would soon suppress the rebellious factions.

16. d. The caretaker ought not to be so cantankerous

e. as to throw rocks at anyone who

f. approaches the boundaries of the estate.

17. a. Though the navigator did not take a really good look

b. at, much less closely inspect, the instruments; he

c. reckoned our position with astounding accuracy.

18. d. In the days of the Great American Depression, a quarters

worth

e. of candy sufficed a large family of children; now it may

f. last one child throughout one thirty-minute television

program.

19. a. Notwithstanding adverse reviews, the play did well at the

b. box office; that fact bears out the contention that some

c. critics have exagerated their importance to a plays

success.

20. d. To question the significance of UNESCO is

e. contrary to the temper of the world, whether or not

f. one is fully satisfied with the organizations activities.

21. a. His consistent stand on basic principles

b. had considerable effect during the campaign even

c. though it caused the left wing to question him.

22. d. The moral of the sergeants is likely to

e. be impaired if the lieutenants deny

f. all responsibility for the occurrence.

23. a. That first panful tasted bad, but the second

b. tastes all right, Sally said; then she laughed

c. and helped herself to still another cookie.

24. d. The reader is told that Walnut Hill Park has

e. served many purposes, as a pasture for cattle, as

f. an arena for executions, and as a drill field for armies.

25. a. The abominable high incidents, or

b. frequency of occurrence, of fatalities

c. on State Road 19 necessitates emergency measures.

26. d. When the grasshoppers struck

e. the crops of all North Platte County and

f. Bergen County were laid waste.

27. a. The recruiter of the volunteer work gang for

b. the community cemetery got up and said, Mowers,

c. diggers, pruners, sprayers we need them desperately.

28. d. I recall with nostalgia the

e. cool, brisk twilights of the

f. Great Smokies in the fall.

29. a. Since you have a stake in his progress, you

b. should not leave him make his own decisions

c. unless there is no way to avoid embarrassing him.

30. d. The composer said, Your two-hour

e. mutilation of my composition annoyed

f. me more than I can say.

31. a. The word goon is rarely used unless

b. the user means to cast aspersions

c. upon the person to whom he applies it.

32. d. However inadequate it appeared, the same

e. trunk held Robert and Ruths clothes, thus making it

f. unnecessary for them to buy new, separate lockers.

33. a. The generals military policy differs.

b. or seems to differ, from that of the admiral;

c. however, neither has made their position quite clear.

34. d. He insisted that Kilmers poem, Trees, was

e. horribly sentimental, patently inconsistent in

f. its metaphor, and utterly ridiculous in its entirity.

35. a. If Elmer had not already paid the deposit, he

b. could of discontinued negotiations when he

c. understood how he had been misled by Joes eloquence.

36. d. In the short story, The Egg, the father is

e. portrayed as a mild, self-effacing man who

f. tries to burst into the limelight quick.

37. a. The author points out that the famous bad man, Billy the

Kid,

b. did not live to be a happy, ripe old age; for lead

poisoning

c. tended to be contagious in those days.

38. d. I was disappointed to find that, though their cottage was

elaborate

e. enough for our needs, it was located in such an out-of-the-

way place

f. that we preferred to spend the summer in ours.

39. a. To identify the corpse would prove difficult, for the head

b. was battered beyond most any possibility of recognition,

c. and the body was covered with first-degree burns.

40. d. The prosecutor argued that, had the witness been

e. a public-spirited citizen, he would have gone

f. immediately to the police to report the accident.

41. a. That he should be nominated was the

b. thing fartherest from his mind when he

c. casually decided to attend the meeting.

42. d. All students should know that they are

e. suppose to apply themselves diligently if

f. they wish to win any academic distinction.

43. a. The Lee County director announced that some of

b. the supply of surplus grain was to be distributed by the

c. Red Cross and other charitable organizations.

44. d. An investigation of the cafeteria program in

e. junior and senior high schools revealed that

f. scarcely no dairy products were available.

45. a. His rival was better than he at

b. making the charming compliments and

c. polite chitchat the girl anticipated.

46. d. It is of utmost importance, the

e. message ran, That you act and act

f. immediately! This is an emergency!

47. a. Having spent two hard days searching the

b. foothills, the posse was angered to learn that

c. the fugitive had never left the village.

48. d. Can you imagine how us volunteers felt when

e. we were called into the office to be paid

f. for our relief work during the catastrophe?

49. a. The cab fare was extremely expensive, for

b. the resort hotel lay seventeen miles by

c. highway, although only three by dirt road, from town.

50. d. The foreman should be a worker who knows

e. about men and tools, and he should know

f. how to use this to the firms best interests.

51. a. The conductor will not raise his

b. baton except he is satisfied that

c. there will be no distractions.

52. d. We were still to labor under the handicap

e. of an obsolete constitution, for the amendment

f. I purposed was defeated by a very slight majority.

53. a. The auditor should have noted at one that the

b. receipt was dated after June 30, the end of the

c. fiscal year, however, this irregularity escaped him

temporarily.

54. d. To avoid hurting himself when using an electric

e. saw, the craftsman should make sure that the cord, the

f. receptacle, and the other equipment is in good condition.

55. a. Sally is one of those sorority girls who

b. does not put sisterhood above either

c. personal friendship or academic loyalties.

56. d. In spring the South is lovely; from the

e. Appalachians to the Florida Keys the

f. native growth sends forth leaf and bud.

57. a. Oscar admired the teacher who taught him Latin

b. during his freshman year, for she was diligent,

c. sympathetic, pursuasive, and even enthusiastic.

58. d. The voice on the sound system said, Here come the

e. sun and the blue sky again. Put those umbrellas

f. away before you blind one of our loyal followers.

59. a. Both girls were born in San Francisco,

b. however, Rose, the older one, moved

c. with her husband to Torino, Italy.

60. d. Because Harolds father, who was an English

e. professor, had only a modest income, Harold

f. reconsidered and dropped his plan to study it.

61. a. Since Emil is so tired that he

b. just cannot hardly go on,

c. lets rest for another ten minutes or so.

62. d. The physics laboratory period was a long one, running

e. from 9:30 to 12:00; neither instructors nor

f. students found the last thirty minutes of value.

63. a. Mutt is a dog who is always

b. causing trouble with neighbors, for

c. he specializes in upseting garbage containers.

64. d. Having waited in the rain

e. for two hours, John and I were

f. angry when Sue finally appeared.

65. a. From my ringside seat I saw the Masked Marvel tossed

b. so hard by his opponent that he was thrown

c. over the ropes and then land among the spectators.

66. d. The teacher inquired, Has anyone read the

e. article by Peter Flint, and American newspaperman, entitled

f. Colonial Architecture in Newport, in the Sunday

supplement?

67. a. The editor scanned the pages I handed him, glanced

b. at what I had wrote, and told me the article

c. would be printed in the next days paper.

68. d. According to its schedule,

e. the bus leaves most every hour

f. from the station at 63 High Street.

69. a. John and I constituted the entire crew,

b. but we managed well enough when the

c. fishing equipment and the boat were new.

70. d. Not having heard the sergeants order, the

e. recruit should have waited for one of the

f. seasoned combat men to initiate the firing.

71. a. In the southern section of Missouri, a region

b. of poor and rocky soil, an average of forty

c. bushels of corn to the acre are considered good.

72. d. At the concert yesterday I saw someone, who

e. looked like my former choir director, but he was

f. in Hollywood then as a consultant for a movie.

73. a. Fewer votes were cast than

b. had been predicted by even

c. the most pessimistic of forecasters.

74. d. He got a taxicab more quickly than he had anticipated,

e. thus he thought that he had plenty of time to reach

f. the restaurant where the conference was to be held.

75. a. The minister said that, true, he was on interpreter,

b. but that the Bible itself learns us our

c. duty and we ought to read it ourselves.

76. d. His present address is 13 Eden Lane, Clover

e. Bath County Virginia; he has changed

f. his residence since he wrote to you.

77. a. Alexander the Great was at

b. the height of his power when he

c. died; thus are the mighty laid low.

78. d. Then questioned by the chief inspector, an able

e. veteran with an unimpeachable record, the suspect

f. declared, he did not intend to be an informer.

79. a. There in the single splash of sun lay

b. the weather-beaten log cabin, the house

c. she had been born in some eighty years before.

80. d. Even in its most disiplined form,

e. said Professor James, contemporary

f. art is an erroneous catastrophe.

81. a. Not having really understood him;

b. I dont suppose I

c. should try to answer him.

82. d. It seems to me that no one should be so

e. prejudiced in his views that he will not entertain

f. for a moment a single argument in opposition to them.

83. a. I must confess, he said, that

b. mathematics is my most difficult

c. subject; I have neve overcome my dislike for it.

84. d. Let well enough alone is one of those

e. dangerous, ambiguous maxims that may get

f. a person into trouble one way or another.

85. a. Money, of course, is the cause

b. of aggravated athleticism in American

c. colleges, athleticism is hardly athletics.

86. d. Do not be misguided or begiled

e. when you are in Paris on a holiday.

f. but be guided by what the Parisians do.

87. a. The ticket agent gave Henry and I a refund

b. because we had to leave the

c. theater before the show was over.

88. d. She asked me to speak louder

e. explaining that neither she not

f. her mother could hear me easy.

89. a. His rendition of the To be or not to be

b. soliloquy is to be commended, as is the

c. lack of pagentry in the production.

90. d. A group of Indian boys came up to undergo the

e. initiation; when their elders gave the

f. signal, the boys began to dance close to the fire.

91. a. As a student of arts and sciences, Jenkins liked most of

b. the offerings for the semester, but he shuddered at the

c. one required chemistry course, qualitative analysis 408.

92. d. Many of Clydes best friends were among the guests; Mr.

and Mrs.

e. Beale, neighbors of long standing; Dr. Emory, the eminent

f. bone specialist; and Mr. Merriweather, the family lawyer.

93. a. Before the crew came on duty, Jonas Tuck, the

b. foreman, laid out all the necessary equipment:

c. a panel, a meter, and a length of cable.

94. d. A three-act play or a novel are to be read; a total of

e. two hundred pages of poetry--lyric, dramatic, narrative--

f. is also required of everyone.

95. a. Amys father is a successful young

b. business executive; therefore, Amy

c. has decided to train for it too.

96. d. Accuracy of movement, like

e. accuracy of words, are essential

f. to the success of magical rites.

97. a. He was not elected club

b. secretary, May said, because

c. of them feeling the way they do.

98. d. The president of such an organization should be a person

e. who knows parliamentary procedures and public relations,

f. and he should know how to apply it in public meetings.

99. a. Why should I mind? she asked

b. Whether or not you enter the

c. competition is of little interest to me.

100. d. It was our parents opinion that we children

e. had consciously and maliciously disobeyed

f. their injunction not to leave the premises.

101. a. You should not attempt the transfer from the

b. personnel section to the sales department

c. without the general manager gives you permission.

102. d. It may lessen his chances for recovery if

e. he is not permitted to lay quietly until

f. professional, or at least competent, help arrives.

103. a. Its too old! he said

b. vehemently. Why,

c. theirs was bought in 1955.

104. d. John T. Scopes, a school teacher; William Jennings Bryan,

e. assistant prosecutor; and Clarence Darrow, defense counsel--

f. were principles in the long-remembered Scopes Trial.

105. a. In the first two acts the amiable but weak hero played fast

and

b. loose with the heroines affections, but this foible was

alright,

c. for in the third act he became a sterling lad.

106. d. These Falkland Islanders are extremely primitive;

e. for example, they wear little clothing, have no real

f. agriculture, and have the crudest of tools and weapons.

107. a. His uncivil remark was adressed neither to

b. the policeman nor to me but to a meek

c. little man standing at the edge of the crowd.

108. d. For the very reason we discussed at length the day before

e. yesterday, you had ought to make your approach a tentative,

f. conciliatory one to avoid the risk of embarrassing him.

109. a. Before the actual construction starts the

b. ground clearing must be done, and a temporary

c. connection to the power line must be installed.

110. d. The landlord should apoligize to the tenant for

e. being so vague and indefinite; otherwise, even

f. a temporary agreement may be hard to reach.

111. a. That Ford is virtually

b. an antique; compared to it,

c. ours is the latest thing.

112. d. You have our heart felt thanks

e. for the assistance you gave us last

f. June at the time of our bereavement.

113. a. The strength of the fabric was its questionable

b. point, and we had no facilities

c. for testing tensile strength.

114. d. The confederate troops, although outnumbered, fought

e. valiantly, their prodigious efforts enabled them

f. to hold the post until reinforcements reached them.

115. a. The guide at Carlsbad Caverns took

b. first George and then I through the

c. little entrance to the next chamber.

116. d. The primary characteristic of all these snakes are

e. the heavy body; therefore, they are often

f. taken to be one of their nonpoisonous cousins.

117. a. The salesclerk asked the customer to decide

b. what color combination would suit the room best

c. and then to take whichever design he preferred.

118. d. The plasterers worked fast and late and had

e. the walls already for the painters to begin

f. after the four-day drying period had elapsed.

119. a. The cat whose mistress feeds him chicken livers daily

b. is likely to shy away from

c. anything as commonplace as hamburger.

120. d. Its no fun, he

e. said; however amusing

f. you may consider it.

121. a. I have counted the rods over and over again, and

b. theyre simply not all here; soneone has

c. apparently stolen some equipment.

122. d. Although we were delayed only a few minutes,

e. to the driver and I sitting in the cab,

f. the time dragged and the wait seemed endless.

123. a. Whos book it was could not be determined

b. because the owner had unfortunately neglected

c. to write his name on the inside cover.

124. d. Boys who want to represent their school

e. on athletic teams had ought to be

f. willing to abide by reasonable training rules.

125. a. I didnt know, Jane said slowly,

b. that you would

c. be teaching the course, Mr. Arnett.

126. d. The teachers remarks annoyed John and me

e. because we did have a legitimate excuse,

f. and we hadnt never been late before.

127. a. Their are several reason why it is asking

b. too much to expect that everyone

c. will agree to Jane and Marys proposal.

128. d. Driving along Highway 20 one night at

e. about dusk, he was idly looking at the

f. roadside and seen a huge black bear.

129. a. Our police, fire, and health departments and

b. many other provisions for city services are essential,

c. but our mayor dont seem to recognize the fact.

130. d. I was just peaceably walking down the

e. street when a stranger he came up

f. and gave me a most mysterious message.

131. a. The author must have been

b. a rank amateur; we all thought he

c. didnt hardly have any ideas of his own.

132. d. My cousin invited my to Lexington,

e. Kentucky, to see the Derby; there

f. begun my fondness for horse racing.

133. a. The captain asked the sergeant

b. to set down until Patrol Hodges could put the

c. papers all together in a large envelope.

134. d. Of the three brothers,

e. James was the worse in spelling

f. but the best in algebra and geometry.

135. a. The United Nations can only make recommendations, the

b. member nations may accept them, or they may reject them

c. if they believe it is to their interest to do so.

136. d. Day after day the four brothers made the same

e. complaint to their harassed parents --

f. they didnt have nothing to do.

137. a. The only officer present, lieutenant Drake,

b. insisted upon giving a recitation of Tennysons

c. short poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade.

138. d. From above, the trucks on the highway

e. took on the appearance of insects hurrying

f. here and there in hunger or in fear.

139. a. But these facts, especially

b. the last one presented, imply that

c. having a pastime is a necessity.

140. d. When I saw Fred in the junior-senior

e. play last spring, I was surprised

f. at how good he can act.

141. a. If we leave him go to the city alone, its more

b. than likely that he will lose his way, and we shall

c. be held responsible for whatever may befall him.

142. d. I could send the gift to either he or his brother,

e. but if I send it to his brother,

f. I shall run the risk of offending him.

143. a. The soldiers mounts had been ridden so hard

b. that, when the troops reached the river,

c. the horses drunk more than was good for them.

144. d. The word that is often not

e. expressed, especially in

f. conversation and in informal writing.

145

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