helmers small-scale watershed monitoring - acwi · 2016-06-10 · small-scale watershed monitoring...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Small-scale Watershed Monitoring
Matthew HelmersDean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences
Professor, Dept. of Ag. and Biosystems Eng.Iowa State University
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
![Page 2: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NWRF Drainage
Gilmore City DRF
NERF Drainage
COBS
SERF Drainage
Replicated subsurface drainage plots to evaluate performanceof various in-field management practices
![Page 3: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Department of Agricultural andBiosystems Engineering
Plot Sampling Layout
125 ft
50 ft
Perforated border tile -drains to remote outlet
Flow monitoring sump(three drain lines in each sump)
Treatment plot
125 ft
50 ft
Perforated border tile -drains to remote outlet
Flow monitoring sump(three drain lines in each sump)
Treatment plot
![Page 4: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Flow and sampling set-up at Gilmore City site
![Page 5: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Avera
ge
Corn-Soybean Rotation 150/160 lb-N/acre Application Rate
Variability in Drainage, Nitrate Concentrationand Nitrate Loss – Weather a Major Driver
![Page 6: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Impact of Nitrogen Application Rate
![Page 7: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Impacts of Cover Crops on Nitrate-N Load inDrainage Water – Gilmore City
36% Reduction
34% Reduction
![Page 8: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Using PrairieStrips to ReduceSediment andNutrient Loss
prairiestrips.org
![Page 9: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Watershed Experiment: NSNWR
Neal Smith PrairieLearning Center
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
#S#S#S
#SSite 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 0%U
Neal SmithPrairie Learning Center
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Kilometers
N
EW
S
300 0 300 600 Meters
Walnut Creek Watershed boundary
Refuge boundary
![Page 10: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is unique?
Natural Flow Conditions
![Page 11: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Surface RunoffMonitoringH-flumes monitor movement ofwater, sediment, and nutrients
![Page 12: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Surface Runoff
![Page 13: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sediment Loss in Runoff (2007-2012)
>95% Reductionin sedimentexport fromwatersheds withprairie filter strips
![Page 14: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phosphorus Loss in Runoff (2007-2012)
Zhou et al., 2014
>90% Reductionin TP export fromwatersheds withprairie filter strips
![Page 15: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Visual Examples (4 inch rain in June 2008)
100% Crop 100% Prairie10% Prairie90% Crop
![Page 16: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Field scale reflects processes and practices but may notreflect actual delivery to streams
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 17: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Field scale reflects processes and practices but may notreflect actual delivery to streams
Field to streamtransport
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 18: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Larger scales reflect combination ofdelivery and in-stream processes
Field scale reflects processes and practices but may notreflect actual delivery to streams
Field to streamtransport
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 19: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Larger scales reflect combination ofdelivery and in-stream processes
Field scale reflects processes and practices but may notreflect actual delivery to streams
Field to streamtransport
In-streamprocesses
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 20: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Larger scales reflect combination ofdelivery and in-stream processes
This scale reflects nutrient load actuallydelivered to stream
Field scale reflects processes and practices but may notreflect actual delivery to streams
Field to streamtransport
In-streamprocesses
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 21: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Monitoring sites instrumented forclose interval sampling and flow
measurement
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 23: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Scale of Monitoring
Point at which load delivered tostream
![Page 24: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example Results from One WatershedMonitored as Part of EPA – TWG Project
![Page 25: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The PAL3 and PAL5 watersheds
• Similar watersheds in theupper Des Moines lobe ofNorthcentral Iowa
• Similar watershed characteristics– Area (1128 ha and 1356 ha)– Elevation 400 m above sea
level– Slope 0-2% with 0.5% avg– Soils lowland Canisteo and
Clarion-Nicollet-Webster– Almost exclusively agricultural
land use– Heavily tile drained
throughout -Stars indicate watershed outlets
![Page 26: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Model Validation Watershed– PAL 5
![Page 27: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Corn
Soybean
1 km
Targeted Wetland Restoration
DD Tile
W.G. Crumpton, Iowa State University
Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP)Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP)
![Page 28: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Nit
rate
-N(m
gL
-1)
0
40000
80000
120000
Infl
ow(m
3d-1
)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
GF Wetland2015
Observed nitrate-N inflow (mg/L)
Observed nitrate-N outflow (mg/L)
Model expected outflow nitrate range
Inflow
Wetland Performance – Examplefrom CREP Monitoring
Slide from Dr. W. Crumpton - ISU
![Page 29: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Summary
• Small plots or small watersheds allowexamination of specific managementpractices
• Depending on transport pathways smallplots may or may not directly reflect streamdelivery
• Monitoring at scale at which water,sediment, and nutrients are delivered to thestream is critical for assessing impacts ofpractices at scale of implementation
![Page 30: Helmers Small-scale watershed monitoring - ACWI · 2016-06-10 · Small-scale Watershed Monitoring Matthew Helmers Dean’s Professor, College of Ag. & Life Sciences Professor, Dept](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011911/5f900924b0063d7c350faf09/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Contact
• Twitter: @ISUAgWaterMgmt
• Website: http://agwatermgmt.ae.iastate.edu/