Hello,I am Francis. I will introduce the morphology of

Molluscs Echinoderms and Chordates to you !!

Bird

Reptile

Mammal

Amphibian

Fish

Echinodermata Molluscs

Starfish

Tapering arm Mouth

Closed picture of starfish

•Has many short,hard and blunt spines

•Has eyespot for sensation of light

Structure of starfish

Adaptive featuresOrganisation Radial symmetry, triploblastic, unseg

mented

Gaseous exchange Gill (papulae) between spines

Nutrition Mouth stomach digest externally

Support Water vascular system, madreporite

Fertilization External fertilization

Embryo develop External

Movement Tube feet link to w.v.s.

Special features Tentacle and eyespot, pedicellariae

Morphology of the starfish

MoluscaBivalve Shell Morphology

• Bilateral symmetrical

• Have gill

• With hard shell

• With foot

Internal structure of Oyster

Chiton

Cuttlefish

Snail

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange Mantle or gill

Nutrition Filter feeding or mouth or radula or sucker on tentacle

Support Shell or water

Fertilization Internal or external

Embryo develop external

Movement Adductor muscle or tentacle

Special features Cuttlefish with modern eye

More…

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange Gill

Nutrition Mouth with teeth

Support Cartilage or bone

Fertilization External

Embryo develop External

Movement Fins

Special features Lateral line, wet mucus scales

gills on this great white shark can be seen as vertical slits on the

shark's side.

Gill of fish

Fishes undergo gaseous exchange by

respiration with gills

Swimming bladderFunction??

- assist to supply extra oxygen to fish living stagnant water

Function:

Serves as a “distance touch”in water for

detecting and locating objects and moving

animals

Morphology of fish

GiantMonkeyTreeFrog Salamander

Web hand digit

Function???• Provide large surface Then?

• Help to push against water when swimming

• Streamlined body

• Skin with mucus

• With webs

• Lung,skin and buccal surface for respiration

Skeleton of amphibians

• both bony and cartilaginous components in different ratio

(depends on strength required for locomotion)

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange Skin lung gill and buccal cavity

Nutrition Mouth

Support Bone

Fertilization External

Embryo develop External

Movement Tail or leg

Special features Metamorphoses, 3 chambers heart,

Naked wet skin

• have a largely cartilaginous skeleton

• more rigid and bony to withstand the impact of jumping and landing

Generalized Anatomy of a Reptile

• Nearly all reptiles have three- chambered hearts

• Crocodilians have four-chambered hearts.

Morganucodon

Characteristics of reptile

• most lack external ears • breathe with lungs• Dry and tough skin• have backbones or spinal columns.

Except for snakes• covered with scales

Skeletal FeaturesAll reptiles have backbones or spinal columns. Except for snakes, reptiles have paired limbs that typically end in five-clawed fingers or toes. Most reptiles have a pelvis that is associated with at least two spinal bones.

Heat Location With Pit Organs

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange Lung

Nutrition Mouth

Support Bone

Fertilization Internal

Embryo develop External - lay egg

Movement Tail, leg

Special features Dry scale, 3,4 chambers heart

• sight is important for hunting

• Some organisms like bat,eyes have been lost or have become greatly

reduced

• Amphibians are very susceptible to temperature and pressure change

Different styles of foot

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange Lung and air sac

Nutrition Beak

Support Hollow bone

Fertilization internal

Embryo develop Egg external

Movement Wing with feather to fly, walk

Special features Wing, beak, feather, scale on leg

• with feathers and wings

• have four-chambered hearts

• warm-blooded

• feathers are waterproof

Adaptive features

Gaseous exchange lung

Nutrition Mouth with incisor, canine, molar

Support bone

Fertilization internal

Embryo develop internal

Movement Wing in bat, legs

Special features Fur, hair, parental care

Characteristics of mammal

–Large

brain

Characteristics of mammal

• Covered with hair

• Respiration by lung

• Usually with 4 limbs

• Internal fertilization

Gameclassification