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SCIENCEVOL. 97 FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1943 No. 2514

Opportunities in Mathematical Statistics: DR. W. Reports:EDWARDSDEMING.29 T.W.A.......................u...209he War Status of stralianScience .............................. 224

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OPPORTUNITIES IN MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS, WITHSPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMPLING

AND QUALITY CONTROL'By Dr. W. EDWARDS DEMING

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS AND BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

Seed haunted by the sun never fails to find its way be-tween the stones. And the pure logician, if no sun drawshim forth, remains entangled in his own logic.-Antoine de Saint-Exupiry, The Atlantic, March, 1942:page 328.

THE control chart was devised by Shewhart in 1924to help disclose the presence of extraneous causes ofvariability that are worth looking for; also to givegreater quality assurance in devising acceptance pro-cedures (Problems B and A, respectively, as outlinedbelow). If this were a group of business men, Imight seize this opportunity to persuade you to make

1 An address given at a joint session of the Institute ofMathematical Statistics and the American MathematicalSociety, Vassar College, on September 9, 1942.

use of these methods. But speaking before mathema-ticians, I need not do that. Here we can talk aboutthe next step, viz., how to harness the efforts ofmathematicians to statistical problems.

I shall remind you of two problems that confrontthe manufacturer and the statistician in industry:

Problem A: What to do with this lot? (Accept it, re-

ject, pass, scrap, rework, or regrade it)Problem B: What to do with the process? (Leave it

alone; or look for some identifiable cause, make some ad-justment, use different raw materials)

The quality control engineer does his best work ineither problem when he recognizes the existence ofboth, and deals with both simultaneously. In par-