heaven our ultimate goal

7/29/2019 Heaven Our Ultimate Goal

1/33

HEAVEN

The Last Judgment of the Blessed by Fra Angelico


2/33

i

ContentsHEAVEN................................................................................................................................................. 1

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1

Pope John Paul ...................................................................................................................................... 2

Heaven is Fullness of Communion with God ..................................................................................... 2

Sacramental life is anticipation of heaven ......................................................................................... 3

St Josemaria Escriva ............................................................................................................................. 4

The Way ................................................................................................................................................. 4

Chapter 1 Character ......................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 4 Holy purity ....................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 12 Supernatural life .......................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 18 Love of God ................................................................................................................. 4

Chapter 21 Our Lady ...................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 32 Other virtues ................................................................................................................ 4

Chapter 33 Troubles ....................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 34 Interior struggle ........................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 35 Last things ................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 36 The will of God ............................................................................................................ 5

Chapter 39 Little things .................................................................................................................. 5

The Furrow ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Chapter 3 Cheerfulness ................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 8 Humility ............................................................................................................................ 6

Chapter 27 Peace ......................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 28 Beyond Death .............................................................................................................. 6

Friends of God ....................................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 2 Freedom, a gift from God ................................................................................................ 6

Chapter 3 Time is a Treasure .......................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 8 In the Footsteps of Christ ............................................................................................ 8

Chapter 11 For They Shall See God .............................................................................................. 9

Chapter 13 The Christian's Hope ................................................................................................. 10

Chapter 18 Towards Holiness ...................................................................................................... 14

Christ is Passing By ............................................................................................................................. 15

Chapter 8 Interior struggle ............................................................................................................. 15

Chapter 12 The Ascension of Our Lord ....................................................................................... 16


3/33

ii

Chapter 15 On the feast of Corpus Chirsti ................................................................................... 17

Catholic Catechism .............................................................................................................................. 18

II. HEAVEN ....................................................................................................................................... 18

Catholic Encyclopedia .......................................................................................................................... 20

The name of Heaven ........................................................................................................................ 20

In Holy Scripture it is called: ............................................................................................................. 20

The location of Heaven .................................................................................................................... 22

Existence of heaven ......................................................................................................................... 22

Supernatural character of heaven and the beatific vision................................................................ 24

Eternity of heaven and impeccability of the blessed ........................................................................ 28

Essential beatitude ........................................................................................................................... 29

Accidental beatitude ......................................................................................................................... 29

Attributes of beatitude ...................................................................................................................... 30


4/33

1

HEAVEN

Introduction

The only thing that really matters in life is getting to Heaven. Among all the achievements of our life

only one is really crucial. It is attaining the goalHeaven set for us by God. A Christian life is a

continual journey towards Heaven.

[1] Let not your heart be troubled. You believe in God, believe also in me. [2] In my Father's house

there are many mansions. If not, I would have told you: because I go to prepare a place for you. [3]

And if I shall go, and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and will take you to myself; that

where I am, you also may be. [4] And whither I go you know, and the way you know. [5] Thomas

saith to him: Lord, we know not whither thou goest; and how can we know the way?(Jn 14. 1 to 5)

When thinking about heaven, where it is and how we get there we first have to consider that before

we can make real progress we have to want to go to heaven.

Heaven is simply a vision of God.

Heaven is the place where God dwells. It is a location that is wholly spiritual in nature. Christianitydefines heaven as being in the presence of God with places prepared for the faithful by Jesus and is

viewed as eternal bliss beyond that which can currently be known. Those who are allowed into

heaven are given new bodies that do not decay and death will be gone. It is also possible there are

different levels of heaven according to the apostle Paul who describes his journey to the third

heaven (2 Cor. 12:2).

The intention of this paper is to set out the Churchs teachings with regard to Heaven based on the

writings of Pope John Paul II, Saint Josemaria Escriva, the Catechism of the Catholic Church and

the Catholic Encyclopedia.


5/33

2

Pope John Paul

Heaven is Fullness of Communion with God

Heaven as the fullness of communion with God was the theme of the Holy Father's catechesis at the

General Audience of 21 July 1999. Heaven "is neither an abstraction not a physical place in the

clouds, but a living, personal relationship with the Holy Trinity. It is our meeting with the Father which

takes place in the risen Christ through the communion of the Holy Spirit," the Pope said.

1. When the form of this world has passed away, those who have welcomed God into their lives

and have sincerely opened themselves to his love, at least at the moment of death, will enjoy that

fullness of communion with God which is the goal of human life.

As the Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches, "this perfect life with the Most Holy Trinity this

communion of life and love with the Trinity, with the Virgin Mary, the angels and all the blessed is

called "heaven'. Heaven is the ultimate end and fulfilment of the deepest human longings, the state

of supreme, definitive happiness" (n.1024).

Today we will try to understand the biblical meaning of "heaven", in order to have a better

understanding of the reality to which this expression refers.

2. In biblical language "heaven"", when it is joined to the "earth", indicates part of the universe.

Scripture says about creation: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth" (Gn 1:1).

Heaven is the transcendent dwelling-place of the living God

Metaphorically speaking, heaven is understood as the dwelling-place of God, who is thus

distinguished from human beings (cf. Ps 104:2f.; 115:16; Is 66:1). He sees and judges from the

heights of heaven (cf. Ps 113:4-9) and comes down when he is called upon (cf. Ps 18:9, 10; 144:5).

However the biblical metaphor makes it clear that God does not identify himself with heaven, nor can

he be contained in it (cf. 1 Kgs 8:27); and this is true, even though in some passages of the FirstBook of the Maccabees "Heaven" is simply one of God's names (1 Mc 3:18, 19, 50, 60; 4:24, 55).

The depiction of heaven as the transcendent dwelling-place of the living God is joined with that of

the place to which believers, through grace, can also ascend, as we see in the Old Testament

accounts of Enoch (cf. Gn 5:24) and Elijah (cf. 2 Kgs 2:11). Thus heaven becomes an image of life

in God. In this sense Jesus speaks of a "reward in heaven" (Mt 5:12) and urges people to "lay up for

yourselves treasures in heaven" (ibid., 6:20; cf. 19:21).

3. The New Testament amplifies the idea of heaven in relation to the mystery of Christ. To

show that the Redeemer's sacrifice acquires perfect and definitive value, the Letter to the Hebrews

says that Jesus "passed through the heavens" (Heb 4:14), and "entered, not into a sanctuary made

with hands, a copy of the true one, but into heaven itself" (ibid., 9:24). Since believers are loved in aspecial way by the Father, they are raised with Christ and made citizens of heaven. It is worthwhile

listening to what the Apostle Paul tells us about this in a very powerful text: "God, who is rich in

mercy, out of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead through our

trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up

with him, and made us sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, that in the coming ages he

might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus" (Eph 2:4-7).


6/33

3

The fatherhood of God, who is rich in mercy, is experienced by creatures through the love of God's

crucified and risen Son, who sits in heaven on the right hand of the Father as Lord.

4. After the course of our earthly life, participation in complete intimacy with the Father thus

comes through our insertion into Christ's paschal mystery. St Paul emphasizes our meeting with

Christ in heaven at the end of time with a vivid spatial image: "Then we who are alive, who are left,

shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air; and so we shallalways be with the Lord. Therefore comfort one another with these words" (1 Thes 4:17-18).

Sacramental life is anticipation of heaven

In the context of Revelation, we know that the "heaven" or "happiness" in which we will find

ourselves is neither an abstraction nor a physical place in the clouds, but a living, personal

relationship with the Holy Trinity. It is our meeting with the Father which takes place in the risen

Christ through the communion of the Holy Spirit.

It is always necessary to maintain a certain restraint in describing these "ultimate realities" since their

depiction is always unsatisfactory. Today, personalist language is better suited to describing the

state of happiness and peace we will enjoy in our definitive communion with God.

The Catechism of the Catholic Church sums up the Church's teaching on this truth: "By his death

and Resurrection, Jesus Christ has "opened' heaven to us. The life of the blessed consists in the full

and perfect possession of the fruits of the redemption accomplished by Christ. He makes partners in

his heavenly glorification those who have believed in him and remained faithful to his will. Heaven is

the blessed community of all who are perfectly incorporated into Christ" (n. 1026).

5. This final state, however, can be anticipated in some way today in sacramental life, whose

centre is the Eucharist, and in the gift of self through fraternal charity. If we are able to enjoy properly

the good things that the Lord showers upon us every day, we will already have begun to experience

that joy and peace which one day will be completely ours. We know that on this earth everything is

subject to limits, but the thought of the "ultimate" realities helps us to live better the "penultimate"

realities. We know that as we pass through this world we are called to seek "the things that areabove, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God" (Col 3:1), in order to be with him in the

eschatological fulfilment, when the Spirit will fully reconcile with the Father "all things, whether on

earth or in heaven" (Col 1:20).


7/33

4

St Josemaria Escriva

The Way

Chapter 1 Character

29 The limited, miserable happiness of the egoist who withdraws into his ivory tower, into his

shell is not difficult to attain in this world. But the happiness of the egoist is not lasting.

For this false semblance of heaven, are you going to forsake the happiness which will have no end?

Chapter 4 Holy purity

139 At the time of temptation think of the Love that awaits you in heaven: foster the virtue of hope

this is not a lack of generosity.

Chapter 12 Supernatural life

297 All that, which worries you for the moment, is of relative importance. What is of absolute

importance is that you be happy, that you be saved.

Chapter 18 Love of God

428 If Love, even human love, gives so much consolation here, what will Love not be in heaven?

Chapter 21 Our Lady

512 Mother, Oh Mother! With that word of yours fiat,' be it done' you have made us brothers

of God and heirs to his Glory.

Blessed art thou!

Chapter 32 Other virtues

669 It is good that you serve God as a son, without payment, generously. But don't worry if attimes you think of the reward

Chapter 33 Troubles

692 You suffer in this present life, which is a dream, a short dream. Rejoice, because your

Father-God loves you so much, and if you put no obstacles in his way, after this bad dream he will

give you a good awakening.

Chapter 34 Interior struggle

720 It's hard! Yes, I know. But, forward! No one will be rewarded and what a reward!

except those who fight bravely

Chapter 35 Last things

737 Have you never heard the worldly-minded sadly complain that 'each day that passes is a

step nearer death'?

It is. And I tell you: rejoice, apostolic soul, for each day that pass brings you closer to Life.

738 For 'others', death is a stumbling block, a source of terror. For us, death Life is an

encouragement and a stimulus.


8/33

5

For them it is the end: for us, the beginning

748 Courage. Don't you know that Saint Paul tells the Corinthians that each will duly be paid

according to his share in the work?

751 Heaven: 'the eye has not seen, nor the ear heard, neither has it entered into the heart of man

to conceive the things that God has prepared for those who love him.'

Don't these revelations of the Apostle spur you on to fight?

752 Always. Forever! Words brought to our lips by our human desire to prolong to make

eternal what is pleasant.

Lying words, on earth, where everything must end.

753 All that this earth can offer us is continually passing away: hardly has pleasure begun than it

is already ended

Chapter 36 The will of God

754 This is the key to open the door and enter the Kingdom of Heaven: qui facit voluntatem

Patris mei qui in coelis est, ipse intrabit in regnum coelorum he who does the will of my Father...

he shall enter

Chapter 39 Little things

819 Because you have been In pauca fidelis, faithful in small things, come and join in your

master's happiness. The words are Christ's. In pauca fidelis!... Now will you neglect little things, if

heaven itself is promised to those who mind them?


9/33

6

The Furrow

Chapter 3 Cheerfulness

52 Nobody is happy on earth until he decides not to be. This is the way the path goes: suffering

in Christian terms! the Cross; Gods Will, Love; happiness here and, afterwards, eternally

Chapter 8 Humility

282 The path of humility takes you everywhere... but above all to Heaven

Chapter 27 Peace

863 Fight against your harshness of character, against your selfishness, your spirit of comfort

and your dislikes... We have to be co-redeemers; and, besides, consider carefully that the prize you

receive will bear a very direct relation to the sowing you may have done.

Chapter 28 Beyond Death

882 Time is our treasure, the money with which to buy eternity

891 If at any time you feel uneasy at the thought of our sister death because you see yourself to

be such a poor creature, take heart. Heaven awaits us and consider: what will it be like when all the

infinite beauty and greatness, and happiness and Love of God will be poured into the poor clay

vessel that the human being is, to satisfy it eternally with the freshness of an ever new joy?

892 When encountering the bitter injustice of this life, how the honest soul rejoices remembering

the eternal Justice of its eternal God!

With the knowledge of its own wretchedness, it utters with a fruitful desire that Pauline

exclamation: Non vivo ego its not me living now! Its Christ who lives in me! And He will live for

ever.

Friends of God

Chapter 2 Freedom, a gift from God

26 We will never fully understand Jesus' freedom. It is immense, infinite, as is his love. But the

priceless treasure of his generous holocaust should move us to ask, 'Why, my Lord, have you

granted me this privilege which I can use to follow in your footsteps, but also to offend you?' Thus we

come to appreciate that freedom is used properly when it is directed towards the good; and that it is

misused when men are forgetful and turn away from the Love of loves. Personal freedom, which I

defend and will always defend with all my strength, leads me to ask with deep conviction, though I

am well aware of my own weakness: 'What do you want from me, Lord, so that I may freely do it?'

Christ himself gives us the answer: veritas liberabit vos, the truth will set you free. How great a truth

is this, which opens the way to freedom and gives it meaning throughout our lives. I will sum it up for

you, with the joy and certainty which flow from knowing there is a close relationship between God

and his creatures. It is the knowledge that we have come from the hands of God, that the Blessed

Trinity looks upon us with predilection, that we are children of so wonderful a Father. I ask my Lord

to help us decide to take this truth to heart, to dwell upon it day by day; only then will we be acting as

free men. Do not forget: anyone who does not realise that he is a child of God is unaware of the


10/33

7

deepest truth about himself. When he acts he lacks the dominion and self-mastery we find in those

who love Our Lord above all else.

Convince yourselves that to get to heaven we must commit ourselves freely, with a whole-hearted,

constant and voluntary determination. By itself, however, freedom is insufficient: it needs a guide, a

pole-star. 'The soul cannot proceed without someone to guide it; this is why it has been redeemed in

order that it may have as its King, Christ, whose yoke is easy and whose burden is light (Matt 11:30),and not the devil, whose rule is oppressive.'

Reject the deception of those who appease themselves with the pathetic cry of 'Freedom! Freedom!'

Their cry often masks a tragic enslavement, because choices that prefer error do not liberate. Christ

alone sets us free, for He alone is the Way, the Truth and the Life.

33 Our Holy Mother the Church has always spoken out in favour of freedom and has always

rejected fatalism, both in its ancient and more modern versions. She has pointed out that each soul

is master of its own destiny, for good or ill: 'and those who have been true to the good will go to

eternal life; those who have committed evil, to eternal fire'. I have always been impressed by this

awesome capacity which you and I have, which all of us have, a capacity which indeed reveals the

nobility of our state. 'So true is it that sin is a voluntary evil, that in no way would it be sin if it did nothave its origin in the will. This affirmation is so evident that the few wise men and the many fools

who inhabit the earth are agreed upon it.'

Once again I raise my heart in thanksgiving to my God and Lord, because there was nothing to stop

him from creating us impeccable, irresistibly drawn towards the good. Nevertheless, 'he judged that

his servants would be better if they served him freely'. How great is the love, the mercy of our

Father! Whenever I think of his divine extravagance for us his children, I wish I had a thousand

tongues, a thousand hearts and more, with which to be constantly praising God the Father, God the

Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Just think: the Almighty, who through his Providence rules the whole

universe, does not want the forced service of slaves; he prefers to have children who are free.

Although we are born proni ad peccatum, inclined to sin, due to the fall of our first parents, he has

placed in the soul of each and every one of us a spark of his infinite intelligence, an attraction

towards the good, a yearning for everlasting peace. And he brings us to understand that we will

attain truth, happiness and freedom if we strive to make this seed of eternal life grow in our hearts

Chapter 3 Time is a Treasure

39 As I talk to you, and we make conversation together with God, Our Lord, I am simply voicing

aloud my personal prayer. I like to remind myself of this very often. You for your part must also make

an effort to nourish your own prayer within your souls, even in situations, such as the one we are in

today, when we find ourselves having to deal with a topic which, at first sight, does not seem very

conducive to a loving dialogue, which is what our conversation with God should aim to be. I say 'at

first sight', because, of course, everything that happens to us, everything that goes on around us,

can and indeed should form a theme for our meditation.

I want to talk to you about time, that passes so swiftly. I am not going to repeat to you the well-

known phrase about one year more being one year less... Nor am I going to suggest that you ask

around what others think of the passage of time. If you were to do so, you would probably hear

something like, 'Oh divine treasure of youth that slips away, never more to return...', though I admit

you may come across other views with a deeper and more supernatural content.


11/33

8

Nor is it my purpose to dwell nostalgically on the brevity of human life. For us Christians the

fleetingness of our journey through life should instead be a spur to help us make better use of our

time. It should never be a motive for fearing Our Lord, and much less for looking upon death as a

disastrous and final end. It had been said in countless ways, some more poetical than others that, by

the grace and mercy of God, each year that ends is a step that takes us nearer to Heaven, our final

home.When I reflect on this, how well I understand St Paul's exclamation when he writes to the

Corinthians, tempus breve est. How short indeed is the time of our passing through this world! For

the true Christian these words ring deep down in his heart as a reproach to his lack of generosity,

and as a constant invitation to be loyal. Brief indeed is our time for loving, for giving, for making

atonement. It would be very wrong, therefore, for us to waste it, or to cast this treasure irresponsibly

overboard. We mustn't squander this period of the world's history which God has entrusted to each

one of us.

Chapter 4 Working for God

71 To achieve this goal, we must act like souls urged on by Love and never as people under

punishment or a curse. 'Whatever you do, in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus,giving thanks to God the Father through him.' Thus we shall complete our tasks perfectly, using our

time to the full, for we shall be instruments who are in love with God. We shall be conscious of all the

responsibility and trust that God has placed on our shoulders in spite of our own weaknesses. In

every one of your actions, because you are relying on God's strength, you must behave as one

motivated solely by Love.

But let's not close our eyes to reality and content ourselves with a naive and superficial outlook that

could lead us to think that the road ahead is an easy one, and that to follow it we only need to make

a few sincere resolutions and have an ardent desire to serve God. Make no mistake about it. As the

years go by, you will have to face (perhaps sooner than you think) situations that are especially

difficult and which will call for a great spirit of sacrifice and an even greater forgetfulness of self.

Foster then the virtue of hope and boldly make your own that cry of the Apostle: 'For I reckon that

the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be

revealed in us.' Reflect in peace and security on what it will be like to have the infinite Love of God

poured out on this poor creature that we are. The time has come, amid your ordinary occupations, to

exercise your faith, awaken your hope and revive your love; that is, to activate the three theological

virtues, which help us to banish immediately (without dissimulation, deceit or evasion) any

ambiguities in our professional conduct or in our interior life.

Chapter 8 In the Footsteps of Christ

130 As I speak of these things, there comes to mind the dream of that author of the golden age of

Spanish literature I am sure some of you have heard me mention it in other meditations. The

writer sees two roads opening up before him. One of them is broad and smooth, easy to travel, withmany comfortable inns, taverns and other places of beauty and delight. Along this road go great

crowds of people on horseback or in carriages, in a hubbub of music and mindless laughter. One

sees a multitude intoxicated by a joy which is simply ephemeral and superficial, for this road leads to

a bottomless precipice. It is the road taken by the worldly-minded, ever seeking material pleasure,

boasting a happiness that they do not really possess, and craving insatiably for comfort and

pleasure... They are terrified at the thought of suffering, self-denial or sacrifice. They have no wish to

know anything about the Cross of Christ. They think it is sheer madness. But then it is they who are


12/33

9

insane, for they are slaves of envy, gluttony and sensuality. They end up suffering far more, and only

too late do they realise that they have squandered both their earthly and their eternal happiness in

exchange for meaningless trifles. Our Lord has warned us about this. 'The man who tries to save his

life shall lose it; it is the man who loses his life for my sake who will secure it. How is a man the

better for it if he gains the whole world at the cost of losing his own soul?'

In that dream there is another path which goes in a different direction. It is so steep and narrow thatthe travellers who take it cannot go on horseback. All who take it must go on foot, perhaps having to

zigzag from side to side, but they move steadily on, treading on thorns and briars, picking their way

round rocks and boulders. At times their clothing gets torn, and even their flesh. But at the end of

this road a garden of paradise awaits them, eternal happiness, Heaven. This is the way taken by

holy people, who humble themselves and who, out of love for Jesus, gladly sacrifice themselves for

others. It is the path of those who are not afraid of an uphill climb, who bear the cross lovingly, no

matter how heavy it may be, because they know that if they fall under its weight they can still get up

and continue their ascent. Christ is the strength of these travellers

131 What does it matter that we stumble on the way, if we find in the pain of our fall the energy to

pick ourselves up and go on with renewed vigour? Don't forget that the saint is not the person who

never falls, but rather the one who never fails to get up again, humbly and with a holy stubbornness.

If the book of Proverbs says that the just man falls seven times a day, who are we poor creatures,

you and I, to be surprised or discouraged by our own weaknesses and falls! We will be able to keep

going ahead, if only we seek our fortitude in him who says: 'Come to me all you who labour and are

burdened and I will give you rest.' Thank you, Lord, quia tu es, Deus, fortitudo mea, because you,

and you alone, my God, have always been my strength, my refuge and my support.

If you really want to make progress in the interior life, be humble. Turn constantly and confidently to

the help of Our Lord and of his Blessed Mother, who is your Mother too. No matter how much the

still open wound of your latest fall may hurt, embrace the cross once more and, calmly, without

getting upset, say: 'With your help, Lord, I'll fight so as not to be held back. I'll respond faithfully to

your invitations. I won't be afraid of steep climbs, nor of the apparent monotony of my daily work, norof the thistles and loose stones on the way. I know that I am aided by your mercy and that, at the

end of the road, I will find eternal happiness, full of joy and love for ever and ever.'

Later, in the same dream, our writer discovers a third path. It too is narrow and, like the second, it is

both steep and rugged. Those who travel it walk solemnly and regally in the midst of countless

hardships. Yet they end up falling over the same terrible precipice that the first road leads to. This is

the path of the hypocrites, people who lack a right intention, who are motivated by a false zeal and

pervert divine works by mixing them with their own selfish and temporal ambitions. 'It is folly to

undertake a hard and difficult task just to be admired; to put great effort into keeping God's

commandments with but an earthly reward in mind. Whoever practises virtue for the sake of some

human benefit is like a person who sells off a priceless heirloom for just a few coins. He could have

won Heaven, but he is content instead with fleeting praise... That is why they say that the hopes of

hypocrites are like a spider's web: so much effort goes into weaving it, and in the end it is blown

away by a puff of the wind of death.'

Chapter 11 For They Shall See God

187 I like to say that there are three things that fill us with gladness in this life and which will bring

us the eternal happiness of Heaven: a firm, refined, joyful and unquestioning fidelity to the faith, to

the vocation that each of us has received, and to purity. The person who gets entangled in the


13/33

10

brambles along the way (sensuality, pride, etc.) does so because he wants to and, if he doesn't

change, he will be miserable all his life because he will have turned his back on Christ's Love.

As I have already said, we all have our defects. But our defects should never be a reason for us to

turn away from God's Love. Rather should they lead us to cling to that Love, sheltering within his

divine goodness, as the warriors of old did by climbing into their suits of armour. Our defence is the

cry ecce ego, quia vocasti me, here I am, because you have called me. Just because we discoverhow fragile we are is no reason to run away from God. What we must do is to attack our defects,

precisely because we know that God trusts us.

Chapter 13 The Christian's Hope

206 Here in the presence of God who is presiding over us right now from the Tabernacle (how

reassuring it is to have Jesus so very close to us!) we are going to meditate today on the virtue of

hope, that gentle gift from God which makes our hearts overflow with gladness, spe gaudentes,

joyful, for if we are faithful an everlasting Love awaits us.

Let us never forget that for all men, and therefore for each and every one of us, there are only two

ways of living on this earth: either we lead a divine life, striving to please God; or we set him aside

and live an animal-like existence, guided to a greater or lesser degree by human enlightenment. I

have never given too much credit to the 'do-gooders' who pride themselves on their unbelief. I love

them truly, as I do all mankind who are my brothers. I admire their good will which in certain aspects

may even be heroic. But I also feel sorry for them because they have the immense misfortune of

lacking the light and the warmth of God, and the indescribable joy which comes from the theological

virtue of hope.

The true Christian, who acts according to his faith, always has his sights set on God. His outlook is

supernatural. He works in this world of ours, which he loves passionately; he is involved in all its

challenges, but all the while his eyes are fixed on Heaven. St Paul brings this out very clearly: quae

sursum sunt quaerite; 'seek the things that are above, where Christ is sitting at the right hand of

God. Savour the things of Heaven, not the things that are upon the earth. For you are dead', toworldliness, through Baptism, 'and your life is hidden with Christ in God.'

208 But along with these timid and frivolous types, we also find here on earth many upright

individuals pursuing noble ideals, even though their motives are often not supernatural, but merely

philanthropic. These people face up to all kinds of hardship. They generously spend themselves

serving others, helping them overcome suffering and difficulties. I am always moved to respect and

even to admiration by the tenacity of those who work wholeheartedly for noble ideals. Nevertheless,

I consider I have a duty to remind you that everything we undertake in this life, if we see it

exclusively as our own work, bears from the outset the stamp of perishability. Remember the words

of Scripture: 'I considered all that my hands had done and the effort I had spent doing it, and I saw

that all was vanity and a striving after wind, with nothing gained under the sun.'

This precariousness does not stifle hope. On the contrary, once we recognise the insignificant and

contingent nature of our earthly endeavours, the way is then open for true hope, a hope which

upgrades all human work and turns it into a meeting point with God. An inexhaustible light then

bathes everything we do and chases away the dark shadows of disappointment. But if we transform

our temporal projects into ends in themselves and blot out from our horizon our eternal dwelling

place and the end for which we have been created, which is to love and praise the Lord and then to

possess him for ever in Heaven, then our most brilliant endeavours turn traitor, and can even


14/33

11

become a means of degrading our fellow creatures. Remember that sincere and well-known

exclamation of St Augustine, who had such bitter experience when God was unknown to him and he

was seeking happiness outside God: 'You have made us for yourself, O Lord, and our hearts are

restless till they rest in you!' Perhaps there is no greater tragedy for man than the sense of

disillusionment he suffers when he has corrupted or falsified his hope, by placing it in something

other than the one Love which satisfies without ever satiating.In my case, and I wish the same to happen to you, the certainty I derive from feeling from

knowing that I am a son of God fills me with real hope which, being a supernatural virtue, adapts

to our nature when it is infused in us, and so is also a very human virtue. I am happy because I am

certain we will attain Heaven if we remain faithful to the end; I rejoice in the thought of the bliss that

will be ours, quoniam bonus, because my God is good and his mercy infinite. This conviction spurs

me on to grasp that only those things that bear the imprint of God can display the indelible sign of

eternity and have lasting value. Therefore, far from separating me from the things of this earth, hope

draws me closer to these realities in a new way, a Christian way, which seeks to discover in

everything the relation between our fallen nature and God, our Creator and Redeemer.

209 Perhaps some of you are wondering, 'What should a Christian hope for?' After all, the world

has many good things to offer that attract our hearts, which crave happiness and anxiously run in

search of love. Besides we want to sow peace and joy at every turn. We are not content to achieve

prosperity just for ourselves. We want to make everyone around us happy as well.

Some people, alas, whose aims are worthy but limited and their ideals only perishable and fleeting,

forget that Christians have to aspire to the highest peaks of all, to the infinite. Our aim is the very

Love of God, to enjoy that Love fully, with a joy that never ends. We have seen in so many ways that

things here below have to come to an end for all of us, when this world ends; and even sooner, for

each individual, when he dies, for we cannot take wealth and prestige with us to the grave. That is

why, buoyed up by hope, we raise our hearts to God himself and have learned to pray, in te Domine

speravi, non confundar in aeternum, I have placed my hope in you, O Lord: may your hand guide me

now and at every moment, for ever and ever.

211 Wherever we may be, Our Lord urges us to be vigilant. His plea should lead us to hope more

strongly in our desires for holiness and to translate them into deeds. 'Give me your heart, my son,'

he seems to whisper in our ear. Stop building castles in the air. Make up your mind to open your soul

to God, for only in Our Lord will you find a real basis for your hope and for doing good to others. If

we don't fight against ourselves; if we don't rebuff once and for all the enemies lodged within our

interior fortress pride, envy, the concupiscence of the flesh and of the eyes, self-sufficiency, and

the wild craving for licentiousness; if we abandon this inner struggle, our noblest ideals will wither

'like the bloom on the grass; and when the scorching sun comes up the grass withers, and the bloom

falls, and all its fair show dies away'. Then, all you need is a tiny crevice and discouragement and

gloom will creep in, like encroaching poisonous weeds.

Jesus is not satisfied with a wavering assent. He expects, and has a right to expect, that we advance

resolutely, unyielding in the face of difficulties. He demands that we take firm, specific steps;

because, as a rule, general resolutions are just fallacious illusions, created to silence the divine call

which sounds within our hearts. They produce a futile flame that neither burns nor gives warmth, but

dies out as suddenly as it began.

You will convince me that you sincerely want to achieve your goals when I see you go forward

unwaveringly. Do good and keep reviewing your basic attitudes to the jobs that occupy you each


15/33

12

moment. Practise the virtue of justice, right where you are, in your normal surroundings, even though

you may end up exhausted. Foster happiness among those around you by cheerfully serving the

people you work with and by striving to carry out your job as perfectly as you can, showing

understanding, smiling, having a Christian approach to life. And do everything for God, thinking of

his glory, with your sights set high and longing for the definitive homeland, because there is no other

goal worthwhile.213 Sometimes, when things turn out the very opposite of what we intended, we cry out

spontaneously: 'Lord, it's all going wrong, every single thing I'm doing!' The time has come for us to

rectify our approach and say: 'With you, Lord, I will make steady headway, because you are strength

itself, quia tu es Deus fortitudo mea.'

I have asked you to keep on lifting your eyes up to Heaven as you go about your work, because

hope encourages us to grasp hold of the strong hand which God never ceases to reach out to us, to

keep us from losing our supernatural point of view. Let us persevere even when our passions rear

up and attack us, attempting to imprison us within the narrow confines of our selfishness; or when

puerile vanity makes us think we are the centre of the universe. I am convinced that unless I look

upward, unless I have Jesus, I will never accomplish anything. And I know that the strength to

conquer myself and to win comes from repeating that cry, 'I can do all things in him who strengthens

me,' words which reflect God's firm promise not to abandon his children if they do not abandon him.

216 Make it a habit to mingle with the characters who appear in the New Testament. Capture the

flavour of those moving scenes where the Master performs works that are both divine and human,

and tells us, with human and divine touches, the wonderful story of his pardon for us and his

enduring Love for his children. Those foretastes of Heaven are renewed today, for the Gospel is

always true: we can feel, we can sense, we can even say we touch God's protection with our own

hands; a protection that grows stronger as long as we keep advancing despite our stumbles, as long

as we begin again and again, for this is what interior life is about, living with our hope placed in God.

Unless we aspire to overcome the obstacles both within and without, we will not obtain the reward.

'"No athlete wins a crown, if he has not fought in earnest;" and the fight would not be genuine if there

were no opponent to fight with. Therefore, if there is no opponent, there will be no crown; for there

can be no victor without someone vanquished.'

Far from discouraging us, the difficulties we meet have to spur us on to mature as Christians. This

fight sanctifies us and gives effectiveness to our apostolic endeavours. As we contemplate those

moments when Jesus, in the Garden of Olives and later mocked and abandoned on the Cross,

accepts and loves the Will of his Father, all the while feeling the enormous weight of the Passion, we

must be convinced that in order to imitate Christ, and be good disciples of his, we must take his

advice to heart, 'If any man has a mind to come my way, let him renounce self, and take up his

cross, and follow me.' That is why I like to ask Jesus, for myself, 'Lord, no day without a cross!' Then,

through God's grace, our characters will grow strong and we will become a point of support for ourGod, over and above our own wretchedness.

Take a nail, for instance. If you meet no resistance when you hammer it into a wall, what can you

expect to hang on it? Likewise, if we do not let God toughen us through sacrifice, we will never

become Our Lord's instruments. On the other hand, if we decide to accept difficulties gladly and

make use of them for the love of God, then in the face of what is difficult and unpleasant, when

things are hard and uncomfortable, we will be able to exclaim with the apostles James and John,

'Yes, we can!'


16/33

13

219 The struggle of a child of God cannot go hand in hand with a spirit of sad-faced renunciation,

sombre resignation or a lack of joy. It is, on the contrary, the struggle of the man in love who,

whether working or resting, rejoicing or suffering, is always thinking of the one he loves, for whose

sake he is happy to tackle any problems that may arise. Besides, in our case, being united with God,

we can call ourselves victors because, I insist, he does not lose battles. My own experience is that

when I strive faithfully to meet his demands, 'he gives me a resting place where there is greenpasture, leads me out to the cool water's brink, refreshed and content. As in honour pledged, by sure

paths he leads me; dark be the valley about my path, hurt I fear none while he is with me; thy rod,

thy crook are my comfort.'

To win the battles of the soul, the best strategy often is to bide one's time and apply the suitable

remedy with patience and perseverance. Make more acts of hope. Let me remind you that in your

interior life you will suffer defeats and you will have ups and downs may God make them

imperceptible because no one is free of these misfortunes. But our all powerful and merciful Lord

has granted us the precise means with which to conquer. As I have already mentioned, all we have

to do is to use them, resolving to begin again and again at every moment, should it prove necessary.

I would like to see you going to the holy Sacrament of Penance, the sacrament of divine forgiveness,

every week, and indeed whenever you need it, without giving in to scruples. Clothed in grace, we

can cross mountains, and climb the hill of our Christian duty, without halting on the way. If we use

these resources with a firm purpose and beg Our Lord to grant us an ever increasing hope, we will

possess the infectious joy of those who know they are children of God: 'If God is with us, who can be

against us?' Let us be optimists. Moved by the power of hope, we will fight to wipe away the trail of

filth and slime left by the sowers of hatred. We will find a new joyful perspective to the world, seeing

that it has sprung forth beautiful and fair from the hands of God. We will give it back to him with that

same beauty, if we learn how to repent

221 How marvellous it will be when we hear Our Father tell us, 'Well done, my good and faithful

servant, because you have been faithful over a few things, I will set you over many; enter into the joy

of your Lord!' Let us be full of hope! This is the great thing about being a contemplative soul. We liveby Faith, Hope and Love, and Hope makes us powerful. Do you remember what St John says? 'I am

writing to you, young men, because you are strong and the word of God abides in you, and you have

conquered the evil one.' God is urging us on, for the sake of the eternal youthfulness of the Church

and of all mankind. You have the power to transform everything human into something divine, just as

King Midas turned everything he touched into gold!

Do not ever forget that after death you will be welcomed by Love itself. And in the love of God you

will find as well all the noble loves which you had on earth. Our Lord has arranged for us to spend

this brief day of our earthly existence working and, like his only-begotten Son, 'doing good'.

Meanwhile we have to be on our guard, alert to the call St Ignatius of Antioch felt within his soul as

the hour of his martyrdom approached. 'Come to the Father,' come to your Father, who anxiously

awaits you.

Let us ask Holy Mary, Spes Nostra, our hope, to kindle in us a holy desire that we may all come

together to dwell in the house of the Father. Nothing need disturb us if we make up our minds to

anchor our hearts in a real longing for our true fatherland. Our Lord will lead us there with his grace,

and he will send a good wind to carry our ship to the bright shores of our destination


17/33

14

Chapter 18 Towards Holiness

316 May the Mother of God and our Mother protect us, so that each one of us may serve the

Church in the fullness of faith, with the gifts of the Holy Spirit and with our contemplative life. May

each one of us joyfully honour the Lord by carrying out his own duties, those which are properly his;

each one of us, in his job or profession and fulfilling the obligations of his state in life.

Love the Church; serve the Church with the conscious gladness of one who has committed himself

to this service for Love's sake. And if we should see anyone travelling without hope, like the two men

on the road to Emmaus, let us approach them full of faith not in our own name but in Christ's

name to reassure them that Jesus' promise cannot fail, for he is always watching over his Spouse

and he will never abandon her. The darkness will pass away, because we are children of the light

and have been called to life everlasting.

'And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death, or mourning, or

cries of distress, no more sorrow; those old things have passed away. And he who sat on the throne

said, Behold, I make all things new. He said to me, Write it down, for these words are most sure and

true. And he added, It is done. I am Alpha, I am Omega, the beginning of all things and their end;

those who are thirsty shall drink it is my free gift out of the spring whose water is life. He who winsthe victory shall possess all this; I will be his God, and he shall be my son.'


18/33

15

Christ is Passing By

Chapter 8 Interior struggle

76 "Put up with your share of difficulties, like a good soldier of Jesus Christ," St Paul tells us. A

Christian's life is a fight, a war, a beautiful war of peace and completely different from human warfare

which results from division and often hatred. The war of the sons of God is a war against their own

selfishness. It is based on unity and love. "Though we live in the world, we are not carrying on a

worldly war, for the weapons of our warfare are not worldly but have divine power to destroy

strongholds. We destroy arguments and every proud obstacle to the knowledge of God." The

Apostle is referring to our relentless fight against pride, against our tendency to do evil and our

exaltation of self.

On this Palm Sunday, when our Lord begins the week which is so decisive for our salvation, let us

put aside the more superficial aspects of the question and go right to the core, to what is really

important. Look: what we have to try to do is to get to heaven. If we don't, nothing is worthwhile.

Faithfulness to Christ's doctrine is absolutely essential to our getting to heaven. To be faithful it isabsolutely essential to strive doggedly against anything that blocks our way to eternal happiness.

I know that the moment we talk about fighting we recall our weakness and we foresee falls and

mistakes. God takes this into account. As we walk along it is inevitable that we will raise dust; we are

creatures and full of defects. I would almost say that we will always need defects. They are the

shadow which shows up the light of God's grace and our resolve to respond to God's kindness. And

this chiaroscuro will make us human, humble, understanding and generous.

Let's not deceive ourselves: in our life we will find vigour and victory and depression and defeat. This

has always been true of the earthly pilgrimage of Christians, even of those we venerate on the

altars. Don't you remember Peter, Augustine, Francis? I have never liked biographies of saints which

naively but also with a lack of sound doctrine present their deeds as if they had beenconfirmed in grace from birth. No. The true life stories of Christian heroes resemble our own

experience: they fought and won; they fought and lost. And then, repentant, they returned to the fray.

We should not be surprised to find ourselves defeated relatively often, usually or even always in

things of little importance which we tend to take seriously. If we love God and are humble, if we

persevere relentlessly in our struggle, the defeats will never be very important. There will also be

abundant victories which bring joy to God's eyes. There is no such thing as failure if you act with a

right intention, wanting to fulfil God's will and counting always on his grace and your own

nothingness.

77 However, a powerful enemy is lying in wait for us, an enemy which counters our desire to

incarnate Christ's doctrine in our lives. This enemy is pride, which grows if we do not reach out for

the helping and merciful hand of God after each failure and defeat. In that case the soul remains in

the shadows, in an unhappy darkness, and thinks it is lost. Its imagination creates all sorts of

obstacles which have no basis in fact, which would disappear if it just looked at them with a little

humility. Prompted by pride and a wild imagination, the soul sometimes creates painful calvaries for

itself. But Christ is not on these calvaries, for joy and peace always accompany our Lord even when

the soul is nervous and surrounded by darkness.


19/33

16

There is another hypocritical enemy of our sanctification: the idea that this interior struggle has to be

against extraordinary obstacles, against fire-belching dragons. This is another sign of pride. We are

ready to fight, but we want to do it noisily, with the clamour of trumpets and the waving of standards.

We must convince ourselves that the worst enemy of a rock is not a pickaxe or any other such

implement, no matter how sharp it is. No, its worst enemy is the constant flow of water which drop by

drop enters the crevices until it ruins the rock's structure. The greatest danger for a Christian is tounderestimate the importance of fighting skirmishes. The refusal to fight the little battles can, little by

little, leave him soft, weak and indifferent, insensitive to the accents of God's voice.

Let's listen to our Lord: "He who is faithful in a very little is faithful also in much; and he who is

dishonest in very little is dishonest also in much." It is as if he were saying to us: "Fight continuously

in the apparently unimportant things which are to my mind important; fulfil your duty punctually; smile

at whoever needs cheering up, even though there is sorrow in your soul; devote the necessary time

to prayer, without haggling; go to the help of anyone who looks for you; practice justice and go

beyond it with the grace of charity.

These and many others are the inspirations we feel inside us every day, little silent reminders

encouraging us to outdo ourselves in the supernatural sport of overcoming our self. May the light of

God show us the way to understand his directions. May he help us to fight and be with us in victory.

May he not leave us when we fall but always help us to get up and return to the struggle.

We cannot take it easy. Our Lord wants us to fight more, on a broader front, more intensely each

day. We have an obligation to outdo ourselves, for in this competition the only goal is to arrive at the

glory of heaven. And if we did not reach heaven, the whole thing would have been useless.

Chapter 12 The Ascension of Our Lord

126 The feast of our Lord's ascension also reminds us of another fact. The same Christ, who

encourages us to carry out our task in the world, awaits us in heaven as well. In other words, our life

on earth, which we love, is not definitive. "We do not have a permanent dwelling-place here, but we

seek that which is to come," a changeless home, where we may live forever.Still, we must be careful not to interpret the Word of God within limits that are too narrow. Our Lord

does not expect us to be unhappy in our life on earth and await a reward only in the next life. God

wants us to be happy on earth too, but with a desire for the other, total happiness that only he can

give.

In this life, the contemplation of supernatural reality, the action of grace in our souls, our love for our

neighbour as a result of our love for God all these are already a foretaste of heaven, a beginning

that is destined to grow from day to day. We Christians cannot resign ourselves to leading a double

life: our life must be a strong and simple unity into which all our actions converge.

Christ awaits us. We are "citizens of heaven," and at the same time fully-fledged citizens of this

earth, in the midst of difficulties, injustices and lack of understanding, but also in the midst of the joyand serenity that comes from knowing that we are children of God. Let us persevere in the service of

our God, and we will see the growth in numbers and in sanctity of this christian army of peace, of

this co-redeeming people. Let us be contemplative souls, carrying on an unceasing dialogue with our

Lord at all hours from the first thought of the day to the last, turning our heart constantly toward

our Lord Jesus Christ, going to him through our Mother, Holy Mary, and through him to the Father

and the Holy Spirit.


20/33

17

If, in spite of everything, Jesus' ascension into heaven leaves a certain taste of sadness in our souls,

let us go to his Mother, as the Apostles did. "They returned to Jerusalem... and they prayed with one

mind... together with Mary, the Mother of Jesus."

Chapter 15 On the feast of Corpus Chirsti

151 When thinking about all this, I should like us to take stock of our mission as Christians. Let's

turn our eyes to the holy Eucharist, toward Jesus. He is here with us, he has made us a part of

himself: "Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it." God has decided to stay in

the tabernacle to nourish us, strengthen us, make us divine and give effectiveness to our work and

efforts. Jesus is at one and the same time the sower, the seed and the final result of the sowing: the

bread of eternal life.

The miracle of the holy Eucharist is being continually renewed and it has all Jesus' personal traits.

Perfect God and perfect man, Lord of heaven and earth, he offers himself to us as nourishment in

the most natural and ordinary way. Love has been awaiting us for almost two thousand years. That's

a long time and yet it's not, for when you are in love time flies.

I remember a lovely poem, one of the songs collected by Alfonso X the Wise. It's a legend about a

simple monk who begged our Lady to let him see heaven, even if only for a moment. Our Lady

granted him his wish and the good monk found himself in paradise. When he returned, he could not

recognize the monastery his prayer, which he had thought very short, lasted three centuries.

Three centuries are nothing to a person in love. That's how I explain Christ waiting in the Eucharist It

is God waiting for us, God who loves man, who searches us out, who loves us just as we are

limited, selfish, inconstant, but capable of discovering his infinite affection and of giving ourselves

fully to him.

Motivated by his own love and by his desire to teach us to love, Jesus came on earth and has

stayed with us in the Eucharist. "Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the

end": that's how St John begins his account of what happened on the eve of the passover when

Jesus "took bread and after he had given thanks, broke it, and said, This is my body which is givenup for you. Do this in remembrance of me. In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying: This

is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."

152 It is the simple and solemn moment of the establishment of the new alliance. Jesus dissolves

the old economy of the law and reveals to us that he himself will be the content of our prayer and

life. Just look at the joy which invades today's liturgy: "Let the anthem be clear and strong and full of

joy." It is a great christian celebration which sings about a new era: "The old pasch is by the new

replaced; the substance hath the shadow chased and rising day dispels the night."

This is a miracle of love. "This is truly the bread for God's children." Jesus, the first son of the eternal

Father, offers us himself as food. And the same Jesus is waiting to receive us in heaven as "his

guests, his co-heirs and his fellows," for "those who are nourished by Christ will die the earthly deathof time, but they will live eternally because Christ is life everlasting."

Eternal happiness begins now for the Christian who is comforted with the definitive manna of the

Eucharist. The old life has gone forever. Let us leave everything behind us so that everything will be

new, "our hearts, our words and our actions."


21/33

18

This is the Good News. News, because it speaks to us of a deep love which we never could have

dreamed of. Good, because there is nothing better than uniting ourselves to God, the greatest Good

of all. It is Good News, because in an inexplicable way it gives us a foretaste of heaven.

153 Jesus hides in the blessed Sacrament of the altar because he wants us to dare to approach

him. He wants to nourish us so we become one single thing with him. When he said, "Apart from me

you can do nothing," he was not condemning Christians to ineffectiveness or obliging them to seekhim by a difficult and arduous route. On the contrary. He has stayed here with us, he is totally

available to us.

When we meet together around the altar to celebrate the holy sacrifice of the Mass, when we

contemplate the sacred host in the monstrance or adore it hidden in the tabernacle, our faith should

be strengthened; we should reflect on this new life which we are receiving and be moved by God's

affection and tenderness.

"They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of the bread and

the prayers." That is how the Scriptures describe the life of the early Christians. They were brought

together by the faith of the Apostles in perfect unity, to share in the Eucharist and to pray with one

mind. Faith, bread, word.

In the Eucharist Jesus gives us a sure pledge of his presence in our souls; of his power, which

supports the whole world; of his promises of salvation, which will help the human family to dwell

forever in the house in heaven when time comes to an end. There we shall find God the Father, God

the Son, God the Holy Spirit: the Blessed Trinity, the one and only God. Our whole faith is brought

into play when we believe in Jesus, really present under the appearances of bread and wine.

161 We must finish these minutes of prayer. Savouring in the intimacy of your soul the infinite

goodness of God, realize that Christ is going to make himself really present in the host, with his

body, his blood, his soul and his divinity. Adore him reverently, devoutly; renew in his presence the

sincere offerings of your love. Don't be afraid to tell him that you love him. Thank him for giving you

this daily proof of his tender mercy, and encourage yourself to go to communion in a spirit of trust. Iam awed by this mystery of Love. Here is the Lord seeking to use my heart as a throne, committed

never to leave me, provided I don't run away.

Comforted by Christ's presence and nourished by his body, we will be faithful during our life on earth

and then we will be victors with Jesus and his Mother in heaven. "O death, where is your victory? O

death, where is your sting?... Thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus

Christ."

Catholic Catechism

II. HEAVEN

1023 Those who die in God's grace and friendship and are perfectly purified live for ever withChrist. They are like God for ever, for they "see him as he is," face to face:598

By virtue of our apostolic authority, we define the following: According to the general disposition of

God, the souls of all the saints and other faithful who died after receiving Christ's holy Baptism

(provided they were not in need of purification when they died, or, if they then did need or will need

some purification, when they have been purified after death,) already before they take up their

bodies again and before the general judgment - and this since the Ascension of our Lord and Savior

Jesus Christ into heaven - have been, are and will be in heaven, in the heavenly Kingdom and


22/33

19

celestial paradise with Christ, joined to the company of the holy angels. Since the Passion and death

of our Lord Jesus Christ, these souls have seen and do see the divine essence with an intuitive

vision, and even face to face, without the mediation of any creature.599

1024 This perfect life with the Most Holy Trinity - this communion of life and love with the Trinity,

with the Virgin Mary, the angels and all the blessed - is called "heaven." Heaven is the ultimate end

and fulfillment of the deepest human longings, the state of supreme, definitive happiness.

1025 To live in heaven is "to be with Christ." The elect live "in Christ,"600 but they retain, or rather

find, their true identity, their own name.601

For life is to be with Christ; where Christ is, there is life, there is the kingdom.602

1026 By his death and Resurrection, Jesus Christ has "opened" heaven to us. The life of the

blessed consists in the full and perfect possession of the fruits of the redemption accomplished by

Christ. He makes partners in his heavenly glorification those who have believed in him and remained

faithful to his will. Heaven is the blessed community of all who are perfectly incorporated into Christ.

1027 This mystery of blessed communion with God and all who are in Christ is beyond all

understanding and description. Scripture speaks of it in images: life, light, peace, wedding feast,wine of the kingdom, the Father's house, the heavenly Jerusalem, paradise: "no eye has seen, nor

ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived, what God has prepared for those who love him."603

1028 Because of his transcendence, God cannot be seen as he is, unless he himself opens up his

mystery to man's immediate contemplation and gives him the capacity for it. The Church calls this

contemplation of God in his heavenly glory "the beatific vision":

How great will your glory and happiness be, to be allowed to see God, to be honored with sharing

the joy of salvation and eternal light with Christ your Lord and God, to delight in the joy of immortality

in the Kingdom of heaven with the righteous and God's friends.604

1029 In the glory of heaven the blessed continue joyfully to fulfil l God's will in relation to other men

and to all creation. Already they reign with Christ; with him "they shall reign forever and ever."605


23/33

20

Catholic Encyclopedia

The name of Heaven

Heaven (Anglo-Saxon heofon, O.S. hevan and himil, originally himin) corresponds to the Gothic

himin-s. Both heaven and himil are formed from himin by a regular change of consonants: heaven,

by changing m before n into v; and himil, by changing n of the unaccented ending into l. Some derive

heaven from the root ham, "to cover" (cf. the Gothic ham-n and the German Hem-d). According to

this derivation heaven would be conceived as the roof of the world. Others trace a connection

between himin (heaven) and home; according to this view, which seems to be the more probable,

heaven would be the abode of the Godhead. The Latin coelum (koilon, a vault) is derived by many

from the root of celare "to cover, to conceal" (coelum, "ceiling" "roof of the world"). Others, however

think it is connected with the Germanic himin. The Greek ouranos is probably derived from the root

var, which also connotes the idea of covering. The Hebrew name for heaven is thought to be derived

from a word meaning "on high"; accordingly, heaven would designate the upper region of the world.

In the Holy Bible the term heaven denotes, in the first place, the blue firmament, or the region of theclouds that pass along the sky. Genesis 1:20, speaks of the birds "under the firmament of heaven".

In other passages it denotes the region of the stars that shine in the sky. Furthermore heaven is

spoken of as the dwelling of God; for, although God is omnipresent, He manifests Himself in a

special manner in the light and grandeur of the firmament. Heaven also is the abode of the angels;

for they are constantly with God and see His face. With God in heaven are likewise the souls of the

just (2 Corinthians 5:1; Matthew 5:3, 12). In Ephesians 4:8 sq., we are told that Christ conducted to

heaven the patriarchs who had been in limbo (limbus patrum). Thus the term heaven has come to

designate both the happiness and the abode of just in the next life. The present article treats as

heaven in this sense only.

In Holy Scripture it is called:

the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:3),

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

the kingdom of God (Mark 9:46),

And if thy eye scandalize thee, pluck it out. It is better for thee with one eye to enter into the

kingdom of God, than having two eyes to be cast into the hell of fire:

the kingdom of the Father (Matthew 13:43),

Then shall the just shine as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear,

l et him hear.

the kingdom of Christ (Luke 22:30),

That you may eat and drink at my table, in my kingdom: and may sit upon thrones, judging

the twelve tribes of Israel.

the house of the Father (John 14:1 to 5),

Let not your heart be troubled. You believe in God, believe also in me. [2] In my Father's

house there are many mansions. If not, I would have told you: because I go to prepare a


24/33

21

place for you. [3] And if I shall go, and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and will

take you to myself; that where I am, you also may be. [4] And whither I go you know, and the

way you know. [5] Thomas saith to him: Lord, we know not whither thou goest; and how can

we know the way?

city of God, the heavenly Jerusalem (Hebrews 12.22),

But you are come to mount Sion, and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem,

and to the company of many thousands of angels,

the holy place (Hebrews 9:12),

Neither by the blood of goats, or of calves, but by his own blood, entered once into the

holies, having obtained eternal redemption

paradise (2 Corinthians 12:4),

That he was caught up into paradise, and heard secret words, which it is not granted to man

to utter.

life (Matthew 7:14),How narrow is the gate, and strait is the way that leadeth to life: and few there are that find it

life everlasting (Matthew 19:16),

And behold one came and said to him: Good master, what good shall I do that I may have

life everlasting?

the joy of the Lord (Matthew 25:21),

His lord said to him: Well done, good and faithful servant, because thou hast been faithful

over a few things, I will place thee over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord.

crown of life (James 1:12),

Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been proved, he shall receive

a crown of life, which God hath promised to them that love him.

crown of justice (2 Timothy 4:8),

Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been proved, he shall receive

a crown of life, which God hath promised to them that love him.

crown of glory (1 Peter 5:4),

And when the prince of pastors shall appear, you shall receive a never fading crown of glory.

incorruptible crown (1 Corinthians 9:25),

And every one that striveth for the mastery, refraineth himself from all things: and they

indeed that they may receive a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible one

great reward (Matthew 5:12),

Be glad and rejoice, for your reward is very great in heaven. For so they persecuted the

prophets that were before you

inheritance of Christ (Ephesians 1:18),


25/33

22

The eyes of your heart enlightened, that you may know what the hope is of the glory of his

inheritance in the saints

eternal inheritance (Hebrews 9:15).

And therefore he is the mediator of the new testament: that by means of his death, for the

redemption of those transgressions, which were under the former testament, they that are

called may receive the promise of eternal inheritance.

The location of Heaven

Where is heaven, the dwelling of God and the blessed?

Some are of opinion that heaven is everywhere, as God is everywhere. According to this view the

blessed can move about freely in every part of the universe, and still remain with God and see

everywhere. Everywhere, too, they remain with Christ (in His sacred Humanity) and with the saints

and the angels. For, according to the advocates of this opinion, the spatial distances of this world

must no longer impede the mutual intercourse of blessed.

In general, however, theologians deem more appropriate that there should be a special and glorious

abode, in which the blessed have their peculiar home and where they usually abide, even thoughthey be free to go about in this world. For the surroundings in the midst of which the blessed have

their dwelling must be in accordance with their happy state; and the internal union of charity which

joins them in affection must find its outward expression in community of habitation. At the end of the

world, the earth together with the celestial bodies will be gloriously transformed into a part of the

dwelling-place of the blessed (Revelation 21). Hence there seems to be no sufficient reason for

attributing a metaphorical sense to those numerous utterances of the Bible which suggest a definite

dwelling-place of the blessed. Theologians, therefore, generally hold that the heaven of the blessed

is a special place with definite limits. Naturally, this place is held to exist, not within the earth, but, in

accordance with the expressions of Scripture, without and beyond its limits. All further details

regarding its locality are quite uncertain. The Church has decided nothing on this subject.

Existence of heaven

There is a heaven, i.e., God will bestow happiness and the richest gifts on all those who depart this

life free from original sin and personal mortal sin, and who are, consequently, in the state of justice

and friendship with God. Concerning the purification of those just souls who depart in venial sin or

who are still subject to temporal punishment for sin, see PURGATORY. On the lot of those who die

free from personal sin, but infected with original sin, see LIMBO (limbus pervulorum). On the

immediate beginning of eternal happiness after death, or eventually, after the passage through

purgatory, see PARTICULAR JUDGMENT. The existence of heaven is, of course, denied by

atheists, materialists, and pantheists of all centuries as well as by those rationalists who teach that

the soul perishes with the body in short, by all who deny the existence of God or the immortality of

the soul. But, for the rest, if we abstract from the specific quality and the supernatural character ofheaven, the doctrine has never met with any opposition worthy of note. Even mere reason can prove

the existence of heaven or of the happy state of the just in the next life.

We shall give a brief outline of the principal arguments. From these we shall, at the same time, see

that the bliss of heaven is eternal and consists primarily in the possession of God, and that heaven

presupposes a condition of perfect happiness, in which every wish of the heart finds adequate

satisfaction.


26/33

23

God made all things for His objective honour and glory. Every creature was to manifest His Divine

perfections by becoming a likeness of God, each according to its capacity. But man is capable of

becoming in the greatest and most perfect manner a likeness of God, when he knows and loves His

infinite perfections with a knowledge and love analogous to God's own love and knowledge.

Therefore man is created to know God and to love Him. Moreover, this knowledge and love is to be

eternal; for such is man's capability and his calling, because his soul is immortal. Lastly, to knowGod and to love Him is the noblest occupation of the human mind, and consequently also its

supreme happiness. Therefore man is created for eternal happiness; and he will infallibly attain it

hereafter, unless, by sin, he renders himself unworthy of so high a destiny.

God made all things for His formal glory, which consists in the knowledge and love shown Him by

rational creatures. Irrational creatures cannot give formal glory to God directly, but they should assist

rational creatures in doing so. This they can do by manifesting God's perfections and by rendering

other services; whilst rational creatures should, by their own personal knowledge and love of God,

refer and direct all creatures to Him as their last end. Therefore every intelligent creature in general,

and man in particular, is destined to know and love God for ever, though he may forfeit eternal

happiness by sin.

God, in his infinite justice and holiness, must give virtue its due reward. But, as experience teaches,

the virtuous do not obtain a sufficient reward here; hence they will be recompensed hereafter, and

the reward must be everlasting, since the soul is immortal. Nor can it be supposed that the soul in

the next life must merit her continuance in happiness by a continued series of combats; for this

would be repugnant to all the tendencies and desires of human nature.

God, in His wisdom, must set on the moral law a sanction, sufficiently appropriate and efficacious.

But, unless each man is rewarded according to the measure of his good works, such a sanction

could not be said to exist. Mere infliction of punishment for sin would be insufficient. In any case,

reward for good deeds is the best means of inspiring zeal for virtue. Nature itself teaches us to

reward virtue in others whenever we can, and to hope for a reward of our own good actions from the

Supreme Ruler of the universe. That reward, not being given here, will be given hereafter.

God has implanted in the heart of man a love of virtue and a love of happiness; consequently, God,

because of His wisdom, must by rewarding virtue establish perfect harmony between these two

tendencies. But such a harmony is not established in this life; therefore it will be brought about in the

next.

Every man has an innate desire for perfect beatitude. Experience proves this. The sight of the

imperfect goods of earth naturally leads us to form the conception of a happiness so perfect as to

satisfy all the desires of our heart. But we cannot conceive such a state without desiring it. Therefore

we are destined for a happiness that is perfect and, for that very reason, eternal; and it will be ours,

unless we forfeit it by sin. A natural tendency without an object is incompatible both with nature and

with the Creator's goodness. The arguments thus far advanced prove the existence of heaven as astate of perfect happiness.

We are born for higher things, for the possession of God. This earth can satisfy no man, least of all

the wise. "Vanity of vanities", says the Scripture (Ecclesiastes 1:1); and St. Augustine exclaimed:

"Thou hast made us for Thyself (O God) and our heart is troubled till it rests in Thee."

We are created for wisdom, for a possession of truth perfect in its kind. Our mental faculties and the

aspirations of our nature give proof of this. But the scanty knowledge, that we can acquire on earth


27/33

24

stands in no proportion to the capabilities of our soul. We shall possess truth in higher perfection

hereafter.

God made us for holiness, for a complete and final triumph over passion and for the perfect and

secure possession of virtue. Our natural aptitudes and desires bear witness to this. But this happy

goal is not reached on earth, but in the next life.

We are created for love and friendship, for indissoluble union with our friends. At the grave of those

we love our heart longs for a future reunion. This cry of nature is no delusion. A joyful and

everlasting reunion awaits the just man beyond the grave.

It is the conviction of all peoples that there is a heaven in which the just will rejoice in the next life.

But, in the fundamental questions of our being and our destiny, a conviction, so unanimous and

universal, cannot be erroneous. Otherwise this world and the order of this world would remain an

utter enigma to intelligent creatures, who ought to know at least the necessary means for reaching

their appointed end.

Very few deny the existence of heaven; and these few are practically all atheists and epicureans.

But surely it cannot be that all the rest have erred, and an isolated class of men such as these are

not the true guides in the most fundamental questions of our being. For apostasy from God and His

law cannot be the key to wisdom.

Revelation also proclaims the existence of heaven. This we have already seen in the preceding

section from the many names by which the Bible designates heaven; and from the texts of Scripture,

still to be quoted on the nature and peculiar conditions of heaven.

Supernatural character of heaven and the beatific vision

(1) In heaven the just will see God by direct intuition, clearly and distinctly. Here on earth we

have no immediate perception of God; we see Him but indirectly in the mirror of creation. We get our

first and direct knowledge from creatures, and then, by reasoning from these, we ascend to a

knowledge of God according to the imperfect likeness which creatures bear to their Creator. But indoing so we proceed to a large extent by way of negation, i.e., by removing from the Divine Being

the imperfections proper to creatures. In heaven, however, no creature will stand between God and

the soul. He himself will be the immediate object of its vision. Scripture and theology tell us that the

blessed see God face to face. And because this vision is immediate and direct, it is also exceedingly

clear and distinct. Ontologists assert that we perceive God directly in this life, though our knowledge

of Him is vague and obscure; but a vision of the Divine Essence, immediate yet vague and obscure,

implies a contradiction. The blessed see God, not merely according to the measure of His likeness

imperfectly reflected in creation, but they see Him as He is, after the manner of His own Being. That

the blessed see God is a dogma of faith, expressly defined by Benedict XII (1336):

We define that the souls of all the saints in heaven have seen and do see the Divine Essence by

direct intuition and face to face [visione intuitiv et etiam faciali], in such wise that nothing createdintervenes as an object of vision, but the Divine Essence presents itself to their immediate gaze,

unveiled, clearly and openly; moreover, that in this vision they enjoy the Divine Essence, and that, in

virtue of this vision and this enjoyment, they are truly blessed and possess eternal life and eternal

rest" (Denzinger, Enchiridion, ed. 10,

heaven our ultimate goal

Documents