heartsaver facts first aid

Heartsaver Heartsaver FACTSFACTSFirst AidFirst Aid

HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID

FA00

Need for First AidNeed for First Aid

• Everyone Everyone will have to will have to make the decision to make the decision to help or not.help or not.

• It’sIt’s better to know better to know first aid & not need it, first aid & not need it, than to need it and than to need it and not know it.not know it.


FA01

““Whatever can go wrong, Whatever can go wrong, will.”will.”

- Murphy’s Law- Murphy’s Law


FA02

First AidFirst Aid

Defined. Defined. Immediate care given Immediate care given to injured or suddenly ill to injured or suddenly ill person. Given until medical person. Given until medical care obtained or until chance care obtained or until chance of recovery w/o medical care is of recovery w/o medical care is assured.assured.

Purpose. Purpose. Find it; fix it.Find it; fix it.


FA03

Bystander ActionBystander Action1. Recognize the 1. Recognize the EmergencyEmergency

2. Decide to help2. Decide to help

3. Contact EMS, if needed3. Contact EMS, if needed

4. Assess the victim4. Assess the victim

5. Provide first aid5. Provide first aid


FA04

Scene SurveyScene Survey

•HazardsHazards

•Number of victimsNumber of victims

•Mechanisms Mechanisms (causes) (causes) of injury of injury


FA05

Victim AssessmentVictim AssessmentABCDsABCDs

SAMPLESAMPLE

(medical history)(medical history)

DOTSDOTS

(physical (physical exam)exam)

AA – Airway – Airway

BB – Breathing – Breathing

CC – Circulation – Circulation

DD – Disability – Disability


FA08


FA06

Victim Assessment

ABCDABCD = Initial = Initial AssessmentAssessment

AA = = Airway open?Airway open?

BB = = Breathing?Breathing?

CC = = Circulation?Circulation?• carotid pulse?carotid pulse?

• severe bleeding?severe bleeding?

• skin condition?skin condition?

DD = = Disability?Disability?• sensation?sensation?

• movement?movement?


FA09

SAMPLESAMPLE History HistorySS = = Sign/symptomSign/symptom

AA = = AllergiesAllergies

MM = = MedicationsMedications

PP = = Pertinent past illnessesPertinent past illnesses

LL = = Last oral intakeLast oral intake

EE = = Events leading to the Events leading to the injury/illnessinjury/illness


FA11

Assessment SequenceAssessment Sequence Injured VictimInjured Victim

Physical exam Physical exam

(examine complaint)(examine complaint)

SAMPLESAMPLE history history

Determine ResponsivenessDetermine Responsiveness

Significant Mechanism Significant Mechanism of Injuryof Injury

No Significant Mechanism No Significant Mechanism of Injuryof Injury


(head-to-toe)(head-to-toe)


Check Check ABCDABCDss


FA13

Significant Mechanisms of Significant Mechanisms of InjuryInjury

• Falls (3x victim’s height)Falls (3x victim’s height)

• Vehicle collisions involving: Vehicle collisions involving: – ejectionejection– roll-overroll-over– high speedhigh speed– pedestrianpedestrian– motorcyclemotorcycle– bicyclebicycle

• Unresponsive or altered mental status Unresponsive or altered mental status

• Penetrations (head, chest, abdomen)Penetrations (head, chest, abdomen)


FA12

DOPSDOPS = Signs of Injury = Signs of InjuryDD = = DeformityDeformity

OO = = Open woundsOpen wounds

PP = = PainPain

SS = = SwellingSwelling


FA10

BleedingBleeding

TypesTypes• ArterialArterial• VenousVenous• CapillaryCapillary

Control byControl by1. Direct pressure1. Direct pressure

2. Elevate and direct 2. Elevate and direct pressurepressure

3. Pressure point3. Pressure point


FA15

Types of Open WoundsTypes of Open WoundsAbrasionAbrasion

PuncturePuncture

AvulsionAvulsion

IncisionIncision

LacerationLaceration


FA16


Abrasion

FA17


Avulsion

FA19


FA20

Incision


Laceration

FA21


FA22

Lawn Mower Laceration


FA23

Door Slammed on Finger


FA24

Machinery Injury


FA25

Auto Accident Scalp Wound


FA26

Ring Avulsion


FA27

Gunshot Wound to Chest


FA28

Knife Wound to Throat


FA31

Amputation of Thumb


FA32

Amputation of Ear


FA45

Swelling After Blunt Trauma to Eye


FA46

Tooth Avulsion


FA47

Broken Tooth


FA50

Fracture: Open


FA49

Fracture: Closed

Impaled ObjectsImpaled Objects1. Do not remove1. Do not remove

2. Stabilize object2. Stabilize object

3. Seek medical attention3. Seek medical attention


FA33


Puncture

FA18


FA43

BB in Eye


FA44

Staple in Eye

Cleaning WoundsCleaning WoundsShallow woundsShallow wounds

1. Wash inside with1. Wash inside withsoap & watersoap & water

2. Irrigate with 2. Irrigate with pressurized waterpressurized water

3. Apply antibiotic 3. Apply antibiotic ointmentointment

4. Cover with4. Cover withsterile dressingsterile dressing

High risk woundsHigh risk wounds

1. Seek medical care1. Seek medical carefor cleaningfor cleaning

2. Remote location - 2. Remote location - cleancleanas best you canas best you can


FA29

Physician Care Needed?Physician Care Needed?

• CleanClean high risk wounds high risk wounds

• Close Close open wounds open wounds 1. Cosmetic, wide, gaping, 1. Cosmetic, wide, gaping,underlying structure injured underlying structure injured 2. Closure times 2. Closure times ==– extremities within 6 hoursextremities within 6 hours– head & trunk within 24 hourshead & trunk within 24 hours

• TetanusTetanus booster needed? booster needed?


FA30

Burn AssessmentBurn Assessment

Seek medical care for: Seek medical care for: • Moderate and critical burnsModerate and critical burns• All 3rd degree burnsAll 3rd degree burns• Large 2nd degree burns (15-20% Large 2nd degree burns (15-20%

BSA)BSA)• Under 5 & over 55 years oldUnder 5 & over 55 years old• Burns of hands, face, eyes, feetBurns of hands, face, eyes, feet• Inhalation or electrical burnsInhalation or electrical burns


FA37


FA34

Burn: 2nd and 3rd Degree


FA35

Burn: Hot Tar


FA36

Burn: Hot Water Scald


FA38

Burn: Chemical (from Cement)


FA39

Burn: Chemical (from Sulfuric Acid)


FA40

Burn: Electrical


FA41

Burn: Electrical (foot)


FA42

Burn: Lightening Strike

Pelvic InjuriesPelvic InjuriesHEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID

Keep victim on a firm surface and Keep victim on a firm surface and minimize movement.minimize movement.

Place padding between victim’s Place padding between victim’s thighs; tie knees and ankles thighs; tie knees and ankles

together. Place padding under knees together. Place padding under knees if bent.if bent.

Call EMS.Call EMS.FA48

RICERICE Procedures ProceduresUse for bone, joint, and muscle Use for bone, joint, and muscle injuriesinjuries

RR == RestRest

II == Ice pack (on skin over injury)Ice pack (on skin over injury)

CC == Compression (with elastic bandage)Compression (with elastic bandage)

EE == ElevateElevate

Alternate for first 24 to 72 hoursAlternate for first 24 to 72 hours• 20-30 minutes of ice with 20-30 minutes of ice with • 2-3 hours of compression2-3 hours of compression


FA51

Arm and Leg DeformityArm and Leg Deformity

• Keep still in placeKeep still in place

• Secure splint above and below if Secure splint above and below if possiblepossible

• IceIce

• Keep as comfortable as possibleKeep as comfortable as possible

Poisonous PlantsPoisonous Plants

• Poison OakPoison Oak

• Poison IvyPoison Ivy

• Poison SumacPoison Sumac

• Unless patient is allergic, only care is Unless patient is allergic, only care is for itchingfor itching


FA52

Poison Ivy Plant


FA55

Poison Ivy Blister


FA53

Poison Oak Plant


FA56

Poison Oak Dermatitis and Blister


FA54

Poison Sumac Plant


North AmericanNorth AmericanVenomous SnakesVenomous Snakes

Pit VipersPit Vipers• rattlesnakesrattlesnakes• copperheadscopperheads• watermouth watermouth

moccasinsmoccasins

CoralCoral

FA57


Pit Viper IdentificationPit Viper Identification

• triangular, flat head, wider than necktriangular, flat head, wider than neck

• elliptical pupils, e.g., cat’s eyeselliptical pupils, e.g., cat’s eyes

• heat sensitive “pit” between each eye and heat sensitive “pit” between each eye and nostrilnostril

• Care for snake bites – clean and wrap with Care for snake bites – clean and wrap with gauze, then put a constricting band 2 inches gauze, then put a constricting band 2 inches above then 2 inches below the biteabove then 2 inches below the bite

FA58


FA59

Rattlesnake


FA60

Rattlesnake Bite


FA61

Copperhead Snake


FA62

Copperhead Snake Bite


FA63

Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake


FA64

Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake Bite


FA65

Coral Snake


FA66

Coral Snake Bite

Spider Bites & Scorpion Spider Bites & Scorpion StingsStings

1. If possible, catch spider. Take to hospital 1. If possible, catch spider. Take to hospital forfor identification. identification.

2. Clean bitten area with soap and water or 2. Clean bitten area with soap and water or rubbingrubbing alcohol. alcohol.

3. Place ice pack over the bite to relieve 3. Place ice pack over the bite to relieve pain.pain.

4. Monitor ABCs.4. Monitor ABCs.

5. Seek medical attention immediately.5. Seek medical attention immediately.• Treat scorpion stings the same as spider Treat scorpion stings the same as spider bites.bites.


FA71


FA67

Black Widow Spider


FA68

Black Widow Spider Bite


FA69

Brown Recluse Spider


FA70

Brown Recluse Spider Bite


FA72

Tick


FA73

Tick: Engorged and Embedded

Assessment SequenceAssessment Sequence Ill VictimIll Victim



(examine complaint)(examine complaint)

Determine ResponsivenessDetermine Responsiveness

ResponsiveResponsive


(head-to-toe)(head-to-toe)


(from bystanders)(from bystanders)

Check Check ABCDABCDss


UnresponsiveUnresponsive

FA14

Altered Mental StatusAltered Mental Status

• Person, Place, Time Person, Place, Time and Eventand Event

• Multiple CausesMultiple Causes

• Acute or Chronic?Acute or Chronic?

• Keep Patient SafeKeep Patient Safe

Diabetic EmergenciesDiabetic Emergencies

• HIGH SUGAR HIGH SUGAR

• Fruity breath Fruity breath

• Long term illnessLong term illness

• SicklySickly

• DO NOT ASSIST DO NOT ASSIST with insulin with insulin

• LOW SUGARLOW SUGAR

• Causes Altered Causes Altered Mental StatusMental Status

• Give sugar if Give sugar if patient is alertpatient is alert

SeizuresSeizures

• Grand malGrand mal

• Petite mal – absence seizurePetite mal – absence seizure

• Noctural seizuresNoctural seizures

• Partial seizuresPartial seizures

• AuraAura

• Postictal statePostictal state

StrokesStrokes

• HemiparesisHemiparesis

• Facial droopFacial droop

• Slurred speechSlurred speech

• WeaknessWeakness

• Onset timeOnset time

Cardiac EventsCardiac Events

• Chest painChest pain

• Radiating painRadiating pain

• Shortness of breathShortness of breath

• AEDAED

• CPRCPR

Respiratory ProblemsRespiratory Problems

• Position of comfortPosition of comfort

• Rescue inhalersRescue inhalers

• Quick accessQuick access

http://topnews.in/healthcare/sites/default/files/Breathing-Problems-104.jpg

Types of HypothermiaTypes of HypothermiaMildMild

(above 90° F) (above 90° F) • shiveringshivering• cold abdomencold abdomen

• Frost nipFrost nip• Frost BiteFrost Bite

SevereSevere

(below 90° F) (below 90° F) • no shiveringno shivering• rigid muscles rigid muscles • altered mental altered mental

statusstatus


FA77


FA74

Frostbitten Ear


FA75

Frostbite: 2nd Degree


FA76

Frostbite: After 8 Hours

Heat IllnessesHeat Illnesses

Heat strokeHeat stroke• Extremely hot skinExtremely hot skin

• ConfusionConfusion

Heat exhaustionHeat exhaustion• Profuse sweatingProfuse sweating

• Flu-like symptomsFlu-like symptoms


FA78

IF ALL ELSE FAILSIF ALL ELSE FAILSCALL 911!!!!CALL 911!!!!

Be Prepared to giveBe Prepared to giveExact locationExact location

Your nameYour nameWhat’s wrong with the patientWhat’s wrong with the patientWhat you have already doneWhat you have already done

A phone numberA phone number

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