RISHIRAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE

MINOR PROJECT ON HEART BEAT MONITORING SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY ANAND DWIVEDI

HEART BEAT MONITOR

A heart rate monitor is a personal monitoring device which allows one to measure his or her heart rate in real time or record the heart rate for later study. It is largely used by performers of various types of physical exercise.

Widely used in hospitals for checking the health of patient(s)

Fig. 1 Wrist band for calculating heart beat

Why Monitoring……?

More than 2 million people are at high risk of having heart attack. It would be helpful if there was a way for these people to monitor their heart.So we have a problem. That is the way our project focuses on how we can utilize this problem and find a solution.

Measurement of Heart rate

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• Stethoscope --- inaccurate

• Electrocardiogram – costly

& not user friendly

Average Heart Rate

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Average Heart Rate Age

140 Newborn

85 – 90 7 years

80 – 85 14 years

70 – 80 Adult

Microcontroller and why Microcontroller not

Microprocessor?

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• A microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer which contains RAM , ROM , CPU , I/O ports , ADC and other peripherals.

• It has fixed amount of RAM , ROM , I/O ports.

• It is also called embedded microcontroller because it is designed for embedded systems performing specific tasks only.

• Microprocessor only has CPU , ALU, stack pointer, program counter and other registers ,clock timing circuit.

• Microprocessor does not have RAM, ROM and I/O ports

• It requires large space and it’s cost is higher as compared to microcontroller.

What we have done? ? ?

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• We , in this project are measuring the heart beat using the pulse oximetry logic.

• The timer we have set for counting the heart beat is 30s.

• There is a set point we can decide, after 30 s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD.

Software we used ? ? ?

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• KEIL uVision3 IDE

• SPI flash programmer

Top view of our project

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Hardware implementation

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• Transformer• Full wave rectifier• 7805 voltage regulator• Buzzer• LM324• Potentiometer• LED + LDR used as sensor• LCD• Circuit diagram of project

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HOW ? ? ?

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• Transformer steps down 220V to 9-0-9V.

• Full wave rectifier converts the ac into dc.

• 7805 voltage regulator regulates the voltage to 5V, which is the operating voltage of our microcontroller.

• LCD is interfaced with microcontroller.

• LED - LDR sensor is used to count the Pulses. It consists of a red LED and LDR .

• Crystal (11.059MHz) is used to generate a stable clock signal for the microcontroller.

What is happening on-board ?

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• Transformer is making the ac voltage 220 volt to step down to 9-0-9 volt ac.

• Full wave rectifier is rectifying that voltage to get larger average dc voltage.

• 7805 is regulating the output voltage to 5v.• Sensor consist of red LED and LDR is generating

the output signal inversely proportional to absorption of red light caused by blood.

• Trans-impedence amplifier is converting current signal to voltage signal ,amplifying signal and change in signal and also filtering the signal also.

LED – LDR sensor

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LED LDR

PCB back side diagram

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Board back side photo

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Applications

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• Have become a widely used training aid for a variety of sports.

• Hospitals / Dispensaries• Better and accurate method of

measuring heart beat.• At homes• A set point can help in determining

whether a person is healthy or not checking his/her heart beat and comparing with set point.

Limitations

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• In-accurate method of calculating heartbeat.

• Logic used in very simple. Therefore, results may vary as for a sophisticated instrument for the same purpose

Future scope• EEG, ECG and other health

parameters can also be monitored.• Continuous monitoring and future

diagnosis can be performed via the same system (TELEMEDICINE).

• More than a single patient at different places can be monitored using single system.

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Thank you