health characteristics of adults years of age and over: · pdf file ·...

32
Number 370 + April 11, 2006 Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over: United States, 2000–2003 by Charlotte A. Schoenborn, M.P.H.; Jackline L. Vickerie, M.G.A.; and Eve Powell-Griner, Ph.D., Division of Health Interview Statistics Abstract Objective—This report highlights the health characteristics of four age groups of older adults—55–64 years, 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over— providing estimates by sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, health insurance status, and marital status. Methods—The estimates in this report were derived from the 2000–2003 National Health Interview Surveys’ Family and Sample Adult questionnaires. Estimates are based on interviews with 39,990 sample adults aged 55 years and over. Results—Overall, prevalence rates for fair or poor health, chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes), sensory impairments, and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age, doubling or even tripling between the age groups 55–64 and 85 years and over. About one in five adults aged 55–64 years were in fair or poor health, rising to about one-third of adults aged 85 years and over. Men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied, but women were more likely to have difficulty in physical or social activities. Sociodemographic variations in health were noted across the age groups studied, with the most consistent and striking results found for poverty status and health insurance coverage. Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were, by far, the most disadvantaged groups of older adults in terms of health status, health care utilization, and health behaviors. Conclusions—Health status, health care utilization, and health-promoting behaviors among adults aged 55 and over vary considerably by age and other sociodemographic characteristics. Identifying these variations can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity for extending years of healthy life among the Nation’s seniors. Keywords: elderly c older adults c health status c chronic conditions c difficulties with activities c health care utilization c adult immunizations c health behaviors c National Health Interview Survey Introduction Older adults represent an ever- increasing proportion of the U.S. population. In 1900, adults aged 65 years and over constituted 4.1% of the U.S. population. By 2000, this percentage had tripled to 12.4%, and the number of adults in this age group grew from 3.1 million to 35 million (1). The near elderly population, comprised of those aged 55–64 years, accounted for 8.6 percent of the U.S. population (24.3 million) in 2000 (2). Together, the near elderly and the elderly represent a significant and growing portion of the U.S. population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by 2020 the population aged 55–64 is projected to be 42.7 million, and those 65 years and over is projected to be 54.6 million (2). There have been substantial improvements in life expectancy during the past century. In 1900–1902, life expectancy at birth in the United States was 49.2 years (3). Life expectancy was 17.9 years for adults reaching age 55 years and for those reaching age 65 years at that time, life expectancy was 11.9 years (3). In 2002, life expectancy at birth was 77.3 years, at age 55 it was 26.1 years, and at age 65 years, it was 18.2 years (3). Such statistics support U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics

Upload: vanthien

Post on 15-Mar-2018

215 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

Number 370 + April 11 2006

Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over United States 2000ndash2003

by Charlotte A Schoenborn MPH Jackline L Vickerie MGA and Eve Powell-Griner PhD Division of Health Interview Statistics

Abstract ObjectivemdashThis report highlights the health characteristics of four age groups

of older adultsmdash55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years 75ndash84 years and 85 years and overmdash providing estimates by sex race and Hispanic origin poverty status health insurance status and marital status

MethodsmdashThe estimates in this report were derived from the 2000ndash2003 National Health Interview Surveysrsquo Family and Sample Adult questionnaires Estimates are based on interviews with 39990 sample adults aged 55 years and over

ResultsmdashOverall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or even tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 and 85 years and over About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years were in fair or poor health rising to about one-third of adults aged 85 years and over Men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied but women were more likely to have difficulty in physical or social activities Sociodemographic variations in health were noted across the age groups studied with the most consistent and striking results found for poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of older adults in terms of health status health care utilization and health behaviors

ConclusionsmdashHealth status health care utilization and health-promoting behaviors among adults aged 55 and over vary considerably by age and other sociodemographic characteristics Identifying these variations can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity for extending years of healthy life among the Nationrsquos seniors

Keywords elderly c older adults c health status c chronic conditions c difficulties with activities c health care utilization c adult immunizations c health behaviors c National Health Interview Survey

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics

Introduction Older adults represent an ever-

increasing proportion of the US population In 1900 adults aged 65 years and over constituted 41 of the US population By 2000 this percentage had tripled to 124 and the number of adults in this age group grew from 31 million to 35 million (1) The near elderly population comprised of those aged 55ndash64 years accounted for 86 percent of the US population (243 million) in 2000 (2) Together the near elderly and the elderly represent a significant and growing portion of the US population According to the US Census Bureau by 2020 the population aged 55ndash64 is projected to be 427 million and those 65 years and over is projected to be 546 million (2)

There have been substantial improvements in life expectancy during the past century In 1900ndash1902 life expectancy at birth in the United States was 492 years (3) Life expectancy was 179 years for adults reaching age 55 years and for those reaching age 65 years at that time life expectancy was 119 years (3) In 2002 life expectancy at birth was 773 years at age 55 it was 261 years and at age 65 years it was 182 years (3) Such statistics support

2 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

expanding the public health focus on promoting quality of life at the older ages Assessing the distribution of health impairments and health risks of the near elderly as well as the elderly is an important step in furthering efforts to enhance health and well-being of older adults in the United States

The Federal government as well as public health researchers has been expanding activities to monitor and improve the health of older adults The Department of Health and Human Servicesrsquo Web site highlights many agencies and organizations that are involved in aging-related activities (4) Among the Federal agencies and offices engaged in such activities are the Administration on Aging (5) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (6) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (7) the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (8) and the National Institutes of Healthrsquos National Institute on Aging (9) CDCrsquos National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has an ongoing aging initiative and maintains a data warehouse on Trends in Health and Aging (10) A report on key indicators of well-being for older Americans is published periodically by the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Statistics (11) and a series entitled lsquolsquoAging Trendsrsquorsquo initiated in 2001 by NCHS publishes information on aging-related topics (12ndash16) In Health United States 2005 the 29th report to the President and the US Congress on the health status of the Nation a special section was devoted to the health of adults aged 55ndash64 years (17) The expanding public health focus on older adults is further evidenced by the increasing volume of literature on the health and well-being of the Nationrsquos older population (18ndash27)

This report which highlights health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over in the United States is the first of a series of periodic summary reports on older adults using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) NHIS one of the major data collection systems of NCHS is an annual survey of a nationally representative sample of the US civilian noninstitutionalized household

population This report complements and broadens data from the NHIS presented in the periodic publication lsquolsquoAging Trendsrsquorsquo It presents national prevalence estimates for selected health indicators for adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65 years and overmdashwith detailed information for adults aged 65ndash74 years 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over The report provides a snapshot of the current health status of adults aged 55 years and over and adds to the existing body of literature by providing additional benchmarks for charting progress in improving the health and well-being of older Americans in the 21st Century

Data from the 2000ndash2003 National Health Interview Surveys were used to derive estimates for each of these four age groups by sex race and Hispanic origin poverty status health insurance coverage and marital status (28ndash31) The health indicators in this report include health status selected health conditions difficulties with physical and social activities use of health services and key health-related behaviors that are particularly relevant to the older population This report highlights some of the most prominent age and subgroup differences in these health indicators

Methods

Data source

The statistics shown in this report are based on data for sample adult respondents to the 2000ndash2003 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) (28ndash31) Information on health and demographic characteristics was collected in the family and sample adult components of the annual core questionnaires As noted earlier NHIS is a survey of a nationally representative sample of the US civilian non-institutionalized household population Basic health and demographic information is collected in the family component for all members of the family Adults present at the time of the interview are asked to respond for themselves Proxy responses are accepted for the family component for adults not present at the time of the interview and those who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for

themselves Additional information is collected from one randomly selected adult aged 18 years and over (that is the lsquolsquosample adultrsquorsquo) per family Information on the sample adult is self-reported except in rare cases when the sample adult is physically or mentally incapable of responding

Measurement

Tables 1ndash4 include selected measures of health for adults aged 55 years and over Many of these measures are shown in the annual reports of data from NHIS although these reports contain less detail for the older age groups (3233) The current report describes the health characteristics of older adults in four age groupsmdash55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years 75ndash84 years and 85 years and overmdashby sex race and Hispanic ethnicity poverty status health insurance status and marital status The youngest age group 55ndash64 years can be considered lsquolsquolate middle age or near elderlyrsquorsquo Adults in the 55ndash64 years group although approaching retirement years are usually still working some are still raising families and some are beginning to experience chronic health problems typical of older adults The 55ndash64 years age group serves as a useful benchmark for assessing the patterns in health characteristics observed among adults in the older groups Estimates in the report are age-specific Age adjustment to a standard population was not done to maximize comparability with other nonadjusted estimates published in Older Americans 2004 (11)

The categories of race and Hispanic ethnicity were limited to the four largest groups to provide reliable estimates using 4 years of data Even with 4 years of data the standard errors of estimates for non-Hispanic Asian adults are often quite large and such estimates should be interpreted with caution (See discussion below)

The classification of health insurance coverage is complex and differs between adults under age 65 years and those aged 65 years and over A detailed discussion of health insurance coverage as defined in NHIS is available in the annual Summary Health

3 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Statistics reports (3233) For this report categories of coverage were combined and limited to those most informative for the study of older adults The vast majority of adults aged 65 years and over are eligible for Medicare and therefore many adults aged 65 years and over who have private or other public coverage are also covered by Medicare The health insurance categories shown in Tables 1ndash4 reflect this overlapping coverage To simplify the discussion of findings the category lsquolsquoprivate (with and without Medicare)rsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquoprivatersquorsquo and the category lsquolsquoMedicare or other public onlyrsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Similarly in the highlights describing findings for adults under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo has been shortened to lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Because of their eligibility for Medicare the number of adults aged 65 years and over in the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and this category is not shown for age groups 65 years and over

The health characteristics shown in Tables 1ndash4mdashassessed health status selected chronic conditions and impairments difficulties with physical and social activities use of health services and health-related behaviorsmdashare generally based on respondent self-report The questions sometimes paraphrased appear in the footnotes of each table The complete questionnaires for each data year covered in this report are available on the NCHS Web site at wwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

Statistical analysis

From 2000 to 2003 NHIS interviews were completed for 152301 families and 127596 sample adults living in households across the United States For these 4 years combined the household response rate was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component was 736 Procedures used in calculating response rates are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31) and information on number of respondents in each of the

years covered in this report are in Table I This report is based on data from 39990 completed interviews with sample adults aged 55 years and over Four years of data were combined to increase reliability of estimates

Estimates and associated standard errors shown in Tables 1ndash4 were generated using SUDAAN a software package designed to handle complex sample designs such as that used by NHIS (34) Estimates were weighted using the Sample Adult Record Weight to reflect the US civilian non-institutionalized population aged 55 years and over Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are identified with an asterisk () preceding the estimate Readers should exercise caution when interpreting these statistics Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 50 are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Statistical tests performed to assess significance of differences in the estimates were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The critical value used to compare the estimates at the 05 level was 196 Terms such as lsquolsquogreater thanrsquorsquo and lsquolsquoless thanrsquorsquo indicate a statistically significant difference Terms such as lsquolsquosimilarrsquorsquo or lsquolsquono differencersquorsquo indicate that the statistics being compared were not significantly different Lack of comment regarding the difference between any two statistics does not mean that the difference was tested and found to be not significant

Results

Health status and conditions (Table 1)

Overall prevalence of fair or poor health hypertension heart disease hearing impairment vision impairment and absence of all natural teeth increased across the age groups studied The only exception to this general pattern was the prevalence of diabetes which was lowest among adults aged 85 years and over (110) and among those aged 55ndash64 years (126) and highest among adults aged 65ndash74

years (170) Some of the most striking variations in prevalence of these health conditions by age and socioshydemographic characteristics are highlighted below

Health status

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over (232) were in fair or poor healthmdashranging from 196 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 336 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health

+ Non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults to be in fair or poor health in all but the oldest age group

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to be in fair or poor health (Figure 1) with greatest differences in health status by poverty status observed for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were more likely than those with private insurance to be in fair or poor health Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public health insurance coverage (673) were more than five times as likely as those who had private health insurance (131) to be in fair or poor health In contrast adults aged 65 years and over who had public health insurance coverage (554) were about 2frac12 times as likely as those who have private health insurance coverage (220) to be in fair or poor health

+ Marital status had a moderate relationship with health status For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years formerly married adults were more likely than married adults to be in fair or poor health Among adults 75 years and over only those aged 85 years and over who had never married (226) had significantly lower rates of fair or poor health than adults in other marital status groups

4 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 1 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who were in fair or poor health by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

Hypertension

+ About 4 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (449) had hypertension ranging from 380 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (505)

+ Differences between men and women in prevalence of hypertension varied by age In the youngest age group men and women were about equally likely to have hypertension Among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension

+ Non-Hispanic black adults in each of the older age groups had substantially higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults non-Hispanic Asian adults or adults of Hispanic origin However the differences by raceethnicity varied by age For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years 559 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 360 of non-Hispanic white adults 369 of Hispanic adults and 318 of non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 75ndash84 years 710 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 586 of non-Hispanic Asian adults 517 of non-Hispanic white

adults and 493 of Hispanicadults

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of hypertension than adults who had private health insurance coverage with the greatest differences among adults aged 55ndash64 years Among these adults prevalence of hypertension was nearly 20 percentage points higher among those who had public health insurance coverage (578) than among those with private health insurance (360) Among adults aged 65 years and over the difference in hypertension prevalence between those having public (631) and private (496) coverage was smaller than for adults in the 55ndash64 year age group

Heart disease

+ Prevalence of heart disease increased with age One in four adults aged 55 years and over had heart disease with rates more than doubling between ages 55ndash64 years (170) and ages 85 years and over (385)

+ Men were more likely than women to have heart disease among adults under age 85 years with the differences most notable in the age groups 65ndash74 years (317 of men and 225 of women) and 75ndash84

years (429 of men and 306 of women) At ages 85 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have heart disease

+ The relationship of race or ethnicity and prevalence of heart disease varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years of age prevalence of heart disease was similar for non-Hispanic black (176) and non-Hispanic white (177) adults The lowest prevalence of heart disease was among Hispanics (128) and non-Hispanic Asians (94) Among adults aged 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease was higher for non-Hispanic white adults (324) than for non-Hispanic black adults (258) non-Hispanic Asian adults (246) or Hispanic adults (215) Among adults 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease by raceethnicity showed no consistent pattern when prevalence was examined for the more detailed age categories

+ Heart disease was associated with poverty among adults aged 55ndash64 years 275 of poor adults in this age group had heart disease compared with 159 of those who were not poor However among adults aged 65 years and over no significant differences in prevalence of heart disease were found between adults who were poor (327) and those who were not poor (312)

Diabetes

+ Unlike the other conditions studied prevalence of diabetes did not increase with age prevalence of diabetes was highest among adults aged 65ndash74 years (170) and lowest among those 85 years and over (110)

+ Prevalence of diabetes was higher for non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults than for non-Hispanic white adults or non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic black adults (215) and Hispanic adults (197) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic white adults (107) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65 years and over rates of diabetes were

5 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

about 10 percentage points higher for non-Hispanic black (242) and Hispanic (235) adults than for non-Hispanic white adults (144)

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have diabetesmdashexcept among the oldest adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (212) were twice as likely as adults who were not poor (104) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65ndash74 years poor adults (216) and near poor adults (213) were more likely than adults who were not poor (153) to have diabetes

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were considerably more likely to have diabetes than those with private coverage and those who were uninsured

Hearing impairment

+ The prevalence of hearing impairment increased with age Overall nearly one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (315) had some level of hearing impairment ranging from 223 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 580 of adults aged 85 years

+ Sex differences in prevalence of hearing impairment varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years men (296) were nearly twice as likely as women (157) to have hearing impairment Among adults 75ndash84 years more than one-half of men had difficulty hearing (549) compared with just over one-third of women (364) Among adults aged 85 years and over the gap between men (630) and women (554) in rates of hearing impairment narrowed markedly

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (410) had hearing impairment compared with about one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (244) and Hispanic adults (245) and about one-third of non-Hispanic Asian adults (340)

Vision impairment

+ Prevalence of vision impairment nearly tripled between the ages of 55ndash64 years (110) and ages 85 years and over (303)

+ Sex differences in prevalence of vision impairment were modest with women having slightly higher rates of vision impairment than men the same age Among adults aged 85 years and over the differences between men (293) and women (308) were not statistically significant

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were somewhat more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have vision impairment

+ Rates of vision impairment were highest among poor adults and those who had public health insurance coverage with the differences by poverty and insurance status most pronounced among adults aged 55ndash64 years

Absence of natural teeth

+ Prevalence of total tooth loss increased with age Overall one in five adults aged 55 years and over (216) had lost all of their natural teeth with rates of total tooth loss nearly doubling between the age groups 55ndash64 years (137) and 65ndash74 years (240) and then increasing to more than 400 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Poor adults and near poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about one in four poor adults (270) and near poor adults (246) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who were not poor (107) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years nearly one-half of poor adults (473) and about 4 in 10 near poor adults (391) had lost all their teeth compared with less than one-fourth of adults who were not poor (229)

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were two to three times as likely as those with private coverage to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years one-third of those with public health insurance coverage (330) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who had private coverage (107) Among adults aged 65 years and

over those who had public health insurance coverage (466) were nearly twice as likely as those who had private coverage (241) to have lost all their teeth

Difficulty with physical and social activities (Table 2)

Prevalence of having difficulties with physical and social activities generally increased with age with the greatest increase occurring between the two oldest age groups Although prevalence estimates and the magnitude of subgroup differences varied by activity the overall patterns were remarkably similar Selected highlights are presented but the reader is encouraged to examine Table 2 for specific activities and subgroups of interest

Prevalence of difficulties by age

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking a quarter mile ranging from 165 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to over one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking up 10 steps Adults aged 85 years and over (462) were nearly four times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (129) to have difficulty with this activity

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty increased with age One in five adults 55ndash64 years compared with 6 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours (Figure 2)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty sitting for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty ranged from 91 of adults aged 65ndash74 years to 161 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ About 3 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty stooping or bending About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years compared with about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty with this activity (Figure 2)

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 2: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

2 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

expanding the public health focus on promoting quality of life at the older ages Assessing the distribution of health impairments and health risks of the near elderly as well as the elderly is an important step in furthering efforts to enhance health and well-being of older adults in the United States

The Federal government as well as public health researchers has been expanding activities to monitor and improve the health of older adults The Department of Health and Human Servicesrsquo Web site highlights many agencies and organizations that are involved in aging-related activities (4) Among the Federal agencies and offices engaged in such activities are the Administration on Aging (5) the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (6) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (7) the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (8) and the National Institutes of Healthrsquos National Institute on Aging (9) CDCrsquos National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has an ongoing aging initiative and maintains a data warehouse on Trends in Health and Aging (10) A report on key indicators of well-being for older Americans is published periodically by the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Statistics (11) and a series entitled lsquolsquoAging Trendsrsquorsquo initiated in 2001 by NCHS publishes information on aging-related topics (12ndash16) In Health United States 2005 the 29th report to the President and the US Congress on the health status of the Nation a special section was devoted to the health of adults aged 55ndash64 years (17) The expanding public health focus on older adults is further evidenced by the increasing volume of literature on the health and well-being of the Nationrsquos older population (18ndash27)

This report which highlights health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over in the United States is the first of a series of periodic summary reports on older adults using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) NHIS one of the major data collection systems of NCHS is an annual survey of a nationally representative sample of the US civilian noninstitutionalized household

population This report complements and broadens data from the NHIS presented in the periodic publication lsquolsquoAging Trendsrsquorsquo It presents national prevalence estimates for selected health indicators for adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65 years and overmdashwith detailed information for adults aged 65ndash74 years 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over The report provides a snapshot of the current health status of adults aged 55 years and over and adds to the existing body of literature by providing additional benchmarks for charting progress in improving the health and well-being of older Americans in the 21st Century

Data from the 2000ndash2003 National Health Interview Surveys were used to derive estimates for each of these four age groups by sex race and Hispanic origin poverty status health insurance coverage and marital status (28ndash31) The health indicators in this report include health status selected health conditions difficulties with physical and social activities use of health services and key health-related behaviors that are particularly relevant to the older population This report highlights some of the most prominent age and subgroup differences in these health indicators

Methods

Data source

The statistics shown in this report are based on data for sample adult respondents to the 2000ndash2003 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) (28ndash31) Information on health and demographic characteristics was collected in the family and sample adult components of the annual core questionnaires As noted earlier NHIS is a survey of a nationally representative sample of the US civilian non-institutionalized household population Basic health and demographic information is collected in the family component for all members of the family Adults present at the time of the interview are asked to respond for themselves Proxy responses are accepted for the family component for adults not present at the time of the interview and those who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for

themselves Additional information is collected from one randomly selected adult aged 18 years and over (that is the lsquolsquosample adultrsquorsquo) per family Information on the sample adult is self-reported except in rare cases when the sample adult is physically or mentally incapable of responding

Measurement

Tables 1ndash4 include selected measures of health for adults aged 55 years and over Many of these measures are shown in the annual reports of data from NHIS although these reports contain less detail for the older age groups (3233) The current report describes the health characteristics of older adults in four age groupsmdash55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years 75ndash84 years and 85 years and overmdashby sex race and Hispanic ethnicity poverty status health insurance status and marital status The youngest age group 55ndash64 years can be considered lsquolsquolate middle age or near elderlyrsquorsquo Adults in the 55ndash64 years group although approaching retirement years are usually still working some are still raising families and some are beginning to experience chronic health problems typical of older adults The 55ndash64 years age group serves as a useful benchmark for assessing the patterns in health characteristics observed among adults in the older groups Estimates in the report are age-specific Age adjustment to a standard population was not done to maximize comparability with other nonadjusted estimates published in Older Americans 2004 (11)

The categories of race and Hispanic ethnicity were limited to the four largest groups to provide reliable estimates using 4 years of data Even with 4 years of data the standard errors of estimates for non-Hispanic Asian adults are often quite large and such estimates should be interpreted with caution (See discussion below)

The classification of health insurance coverage is complex and differs between adults under age 65 years and those aged 65 years and over A detailed discussion of health insurance coverage as defined in NHIS is available in the annual Summary Health

3 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Statistics reports (3233) For this report categories of coverage were combined and limited to those most informative for the study of older adults The vast majority of adults aged 65 years and over are eligible for Medicare and therefore many adults aged 65 years and over who have private or other public coverage are also covered by Medicare The health insurance categories shown in Tables 1ndash4 reflect this overlapping coverage To simplify the discussion of findings the category lsquolsquoprivate (with and without Medicare)rsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquoprivatersquorsquo and the category lsquolsquoMedicare or other public onlyrsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Similarly in the highlights describing findings for adults under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo has been shortened to lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Because of their eligibility for Medicare the number of adults aged 65 years and over in the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and this category is not shown for age groups 65 years and over

The health characteristics shown in Tables 1ndash4mdashassessed health status selected chronic conditions and impairments difficulties with physical and social activities use of health services and health-related behaviorsmdashare generally based on respondent self-report The questions sometimes paraphrased appear in the footnotes of each table The complete questionnaires for each data year covered in this report are available on the NCHS Web site at wwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

Statistical analysis

From 2000 to 2003 NHIS interviews were completed for 152301 families and 127596 sample adults living in households across the United States For these 4 years combined the household response rate was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component was 736 Procedures used in calculating response rates are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31) and information on number of respondents in each of the

years covered in this report are in Table I This report is based on data from 39990 completed interviews with sample adults aged 55 years and over Four years of data were combined to increase reliability of estimates

Estimates and associated standard errors shown in Tables 1ndash4 were generated using SUDAAN a software package designed to handle complex sample designs such as that used by NHIS (34) Estimates were weighted using the Sample Adult Record Weight to reflect the US civilian non-institutionalized population aged 55 years and over Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are identified with an asterisk () preceding the estimate Readers should exercise caution when interpreting these statistics Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 50 are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Statistical tests performed to assess significance of differences in the estimates were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The critical value used to compare the estimates at the 05 level was 196 Terms such as lsquolsquogreater thanrsquorsquo and lsquolsquoless thanrsquorsquo indicate a statistically significant difference Terms such as lsquolsquosimilarrsquorsquo or lsquolsquono differencersquorsquo indicate that the statistics being compared were not significantly different Lack of comment regarding the difference between any two statistics does not mean that the difference was tested and found to be not significant

Results

Health status and conditions (Table 1)

Overall prevalence of fair or poor health hypertension heart disease hearing impairment vision impairment and absence of all natural teeth increased across the age groups studied The only exception to this general pattern was the prevalence of diabetes which was lowest among adults aged 85 years and over (110) and among those aged 55ndash64 years (126) and highest among adults aged 65ndash74

years (170) Some of the most striking variations in prevalence of these health conditions by age and socioshydemographic characteristics are highlighted below

Health status

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over (232) were in fair or poor healthmdashranging from 196 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 336 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health

+ Non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults to be in fair or poor health in all but the oldest age group

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to be in fair or poor health (Figure 1) with greatest differences in health status by poverty status observed for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were more likely than those with private insurance to be in fair or poor health Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public health insurance coverage (673) were more than five times as likely as those who had private health insurance (131) to be in fair or poor health In contrast adults aged 65 years and over who had public health insurance coverage (554) were about 2frac12 times as likely as those who have private health insurance coverage (220) to be in fair or poor health

+ Marital status had a moderate relationship with health status For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years formerly married adults were more likely than married adults to be in fair or poor health Among adults 75 years and over only those aged 85 years and over who had never married (226) had significantly lower rates of fair or poor health than adults in other marital status groups

4 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 1 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who were in fair or poor health by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

Hypertension

+ About 4 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (449) had hypertension ranging from 380 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (505)

+ Differences between men and women in prevalence of hypertension varied by age In the youngest age group men and women were about equally likely to have hypertension Among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension

+ Non-Hispanic black adults in each of the older age groups had substantially higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults non-Hispanic Asian adults or adults of Hispanic origin However the differences by raceethnicity varied by age For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years 559 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 360 of non-Hispanic white adults 369 of Hispanic adults and 318 of non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 75ndash84 years 710 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 586 of non-Hispanic Asian adults 517 of non-Hispanic white

adults and 493 of Hispanicadults

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of hypertension than adults who had private health insurance coverage with the greatest differences among adults aged 55ndash64 years Among these adults prevalence of hypertension was nearly 20 percentage points higher among those who had public health insurance coverage (578) than among those with private health insurance (360) Among adults aged 65 years and over the difference in hypertension prevalence between those having public (631) and private (496) coverage was smaller than for adults in the 55ndash64 year age group

Heart disease

+ Prevalence of heart disease increased with age One in four adults aged 55 years and over had heart disease with rates more than doubling between ages 55ndash64 years (170) and ages 85 years and over (385)

+ Men were more likely than women to have heart disease among adults under age 85 years with the differences most notable in the age groups 65ndash74 years (317 of men and 225 of women) and 75ndash84

years (429 of men and 306 of women) At ages 85 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have heart disease

+ The relationship of race or ethnicity and prevalence of heart disease varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years of age prevalence of heart disease was similar for non-Hispanic black (176) and non-Hispanic white (177) adults The lowest prevalence of heart disease was among Hispanics (128) and non-Hispanic Asians (94) Among adults aged 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease was higher for non-Hispanic white adults (324) than for non-Hispanic black adults (258) non-Hispanic Asian adults (246) or Hispanic adults (215) Among adults 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease by raceethnicity showed no consistent pattern when prevalence was examined for the more detailed age categories

+ Heart disease was associated with poverty among adults aged 55ndash64 years 275 of poor adults in this age group had heart disease compared with 159 of those who were not poor However among adults aged 65 years and over no significant differences in prevalence of heart disease were found between adults who were poor (327) and those who were not poor (312)

Diabetes

+ Unlike the other conditions studied prevalence of diabetes did not increase with age prevalence of diabetes was highest among adults aged 65ndash74 years (170) and lowest among those 85 years and over (110)

+ Prevalence of diabetes was higher for non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults than for non-Hispanic white adults or non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic black adults (215) and Hispanic adults (197) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic white adults (107) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65 years and over rates of diabetes were

5 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

about 10 percentage points higher for non-Hispanic black (242) and Hispanic (235) adults than for non-Hispanic white adults (144)

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have diabetesmdashexcept among the oldest adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (212) were twice as likely as adults who were not poor (104) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65ndash74 years poor adults (216) and near poor adults (213) were more likely than adults who were not poor (153) to have diabetes

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were considerably more likely to have diabetes than those with private coverage and those who were uninsured

Hearing impairment

+ The prevalence of hearing impairment increased with age Overall nearly one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (315) had some level of hearing impairment ranging from 223 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 580 of adults aged 85 years

+ Sex differences in prevalence of hearing impairment varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years men (296) were nearly twice as likely as women (157) to have hearing impairment Among adults 75ndash84 years more than one-half of men had difficulty hearing (549) compared with just over one-third of women (364) Among adults aged 85 years and over the gap between men (630) and women (554) in rates of hearing impairment narrowed markedly

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (410) had hearing impairment compared with about one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (244) and Hispanic adults (245) and about one-third of non-Hispanic Asian adults (340)

Vision impairment

+ Prevalence of vision impairment nearly tripled between the ages of 55ndash64 years (110) and ages 85 years and over (303)

+ Sex differences in prevalence of vision impairment were modest with women having slightly higher rates of vision impairment than men the same age Among adults aged 85 years and over the differences between men (293) and women (308) were not statistically significant

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were somewhat more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have vision impairment

+ Rates of vision impairment were highest among poor adults and those who had public health insurance coverage with the differences by poverty and insurance status most pronounced among adults aged 55ndash64 years

Absence of natural teeth

+ Prevalence of total tooth loss increased with age Overall one in five adults aged 55 years and over (216) had lost all of their natural teeth with rates of total tooth loss nearly doubling between the age groups 55ndash64 years (137) and 65ndash74 years (240) and then increasing to more than 400 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Poor adults and near poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about one in four poor adults (270) and near poor adults (246) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who were not poor (107) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years nearly one-half of poor adults (473) and about 4 in 10 near poor adults (391) had lost all their teeth compared with less than one-fourth of adults who were not poor (229)

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were two to three times as likely as those with private coverage to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years one-third of those with public health insurance coverage (330) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who had private coverage (107) Among adults aged 65 years and

over those who had public health insurance coverage (466) were nearly twice as likely as those who had private coverage (241) to have lost all their teeth

Difficulty with physical and social activities (Table 2)

Prevalence of having difficulties with physical and social activities generally increased with age with the greatest increase occurring between the two oldest age groups Although prevalence estimates and the magnitude of subgroup differences varied by activity the overall patterns were remarkably similar Selected highlights are presented but the reader is encouraged to examine Table 2 for specific activities and subgroups of interest

Prevalence of difficulties by age

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking a quarter mile ranging from 165 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to over one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking up 10 steps Adults aged 85 years and over (462) were nearly four times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (129) to have difficulty with this activity

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty increased with age One in five adults 55ndash64 years compared with 6 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours (Figure 2)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty sitting for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty ranged from 91 of adults aged 65ndash74 years to 161 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ About 3 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty stooping or bending About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years compared with about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty with this activity (Figure 2)

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 3: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

3 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Statistics reports (3233) For this report categories of coverage were combined and limited to those most informative for the study of older adults The vast majority of adults aged 65 years and over are eligible for Medicare and therefore many adults aged 65 years and over who have private or other public coverage are also covered by Medicare The health insurance categories shown in Tables 1ndash4 reflect this overlapping coverage To simplify the discussion of findings the category lsquolsquoprivate (with and without Medicare)rsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquoprivatersquorsquo and the category lsquolsquoMedicare or other public onlyrsquorsquo shown in the tables is referred to in the highlights as lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Similarly in the highlights describing findings for adults under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo has been shortened to lsquolsquopublicrsquorsquo Because of their eligibility for Medicare the number of adults aged 65 years and over in the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and this category is not shown for age groups 65 years and over

The health characteristics shown in Tables 1ndash4mdashassessed health status selected chronic conditions and impairments difficulties with physical and social activities use of health services and health-related behaviorsmdashare generally based on respondent self-report The questions sometimes paraphrased appear in the footnotes of each table The complete questionnaires for each data year covered in this report are available on the NCHS Web site at wwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

Statistical analysis

From 2000 to 2003 NHIS interviews were completed for 152301 families and 127596 sample adults living in households across the United States For these 4 years combined the household response rate was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component was 736 Procedures used in calculating response rates are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31) and information on number of respondents in each of the

years covered in this report are in Table I This report is based on data from 39990 completed interviews with sample adults aged 55 years and over Four years of data were combined to increase reliability of estimates

Estimates and associated standard errors shown in Tables 1ndash4 were generated using SUDAAN a software package designed to handle complex sample designs such as that used by NHIS (34) Estimates were weighted using the Sample Adult Record Weight to reflect the US civilian non-institutionalized population aged 55 years and over Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are identified with an asterisk () preceding the estimate Readers should exercise caution when interpreting these statistics Estimates with a relative standard error of more than 50 are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Statistical tests performed to assess significance of differences in the estimates were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The critical value used to compare the estimates at the 05 level was 196 Terms such as lsquolsquogreater thanrsquorsquo and lsquolsquoless thanrsquorsquo indicate a statistically significant difference Terms such as lsquolsquosimilarrsquorsquo or lsquolsquono differencersquorsquo indicate that the statistics being compared were not significantly different Lack of comment regarding the difference between any two statistics does not mean that the difference was tested and found to be not significant

Results

Health status and conditions (Table 1)

Overall prevalence of fair or poor health hypertension heart disease hearing impairment vision impairment and absence of all natural teeth increased across the age groups studied The only exception to this general pattern was the prevalence of diabetes which was lowest among adults aged 85 years and over (110) and among those aged 55ndash64 years (126) and highest among adults aged 65ndash74

years (170) Some of the most striking variations in prevalence of these health conditions by age and socioshydemographic characteristics are highlighted below

Health status

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over (232) were in fair or poor healthmdashranging from 196 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 336 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health

+ Non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults to be in fair or poor health in all but the oldest age group

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to be in fair or poor health (Figure 1) with greatest differences in health status by poverty status observed for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were more likely than those with private insurance to be in fair or poor health Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public health insurance coverage (673) were more than five times as likely as those who had private health insurance (131) to be in fair or poor health In contrast adults aged 65 years and over who had public health insurance coverage (554) were about 2frac12 times as likely as those who have private health insurance coverage (220) to be in fair or poor health

+ Marital status had a moderate relationship with health status For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years formerly married adults were more likely than married adults to be in fair or poor health Among adults 75 years and over only those aged 85 years and over who had never married (226) had significantly lower rates of fair or poor health than adults in other marital status groups

4 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 1 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who were in fair or poor health by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

Hypertension

+ About 4 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (449) had hypertension ranging from 380 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (505)

+ Differences between men and women in prevalence of hypertension varied by age In the youngest age group men and women were about equally likely to have hypertension Among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension

+ Non-Hispanic black adults in each of the older age groups had substantially higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults non-Hispanic Asian adults or adults of Hispanic origin However the differences by raceethnicity varied by age For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years 559 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 360 of non-Hispanic white adults 369 of Hispanic adults and 318 of non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 75ndash84 years 710 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 586 of non-Hispanic Asian adults 517 of non-Hispanic white

adults and 493 of Hispanicadults

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of hypertension than adults who had private health insurance coverage with the greatest differences among adults aged 55ndash64 years Among these adults prevalence of hypertension was nearly 20 percentage points higher among those who had public health insurance coverage (578) than among those with private health insurance (360) Among adults aged 65 years and over the difference in hypertension prevalence between those having public (631) and private (496) coverage was smaller than for adults in the 55ndash64 year age group

Heart disease

+ Prevalence of heart disease increased with age One in four adults aged 55 years and over had heart disease with rates more than doubling between ages 55ndash64 years (170) and ages 85 years and over (385)

+ Men were more likely than women to have heart disease among adults under age 85 years with the differences most notable in the age groups 65ndash74 years (317 of men and 225 of women) and 75ndash84

years (429 of men and 306 of women) At ages 85 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have heart disease

+ The relationship of race or ethnicity and prevalence of heart disease varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years of age prevalence of heart disease was similar for non-Hispanic black (176) and non-Hispanic white (177) adults The lowest prevalence of heart disease was among Hispanics (128) and non-Hispanic Asians (94) Among adults aged 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease was higher for non-Hispanic white adults (324) than for non-Hispanic black adults (258) non-Hispanic Asian adults (246) or Hispanic adults (215) Among adults 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease by raceethnicity showed no consistent pattern when prevalence was examined for the more detailed age categories

+ Heart disease was associated with poverty among adults aged 55ndash64 years 275 of poor adults in this age group had heart disease compared with 159 of those who were not poor However among adults aged 65 years and over no significant differences in prevalence of heart disease were found between adults who were poor (327) and those who were not poor (312)

Diabetes

+ Unlike the other conditions studied prevalence of diabetes did not increase with age prevalence of diabetes was highest among adults aged 65ndash74 years (170) and lowest among those 85 years and over (110)

+ Prevalence of diabetes was higher for non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults than for non-Hispanic white adults or non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic black adults (215) and Hispanic adults (197) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic white adults (107) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65 years and over rates of diabetes were

5 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

about 10 percentage points higher for non-Hispanic black (242) and Hispanic (235) adults than for non-Hispanic white adults (144)

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have diabetesmdashexcept among the oldest adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (212) were twice as likely as adults who were not poor (104) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65ndash74 years poor adults (216) and near poor adults (213) were more likely than adults who were not poor (153) to have diabetes

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were considerably more likely to have diabetes than those with private coverage and those who were uninsured

Hearing impairment

+ The prevalence of hearing impairment increased with age Overall nearly one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (315) had some level of hearing impairment ranging from 223 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 580 of adults aged 85 years

+ Sex differences in prevalence of hearing impairment varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years men (296) were nearly twice as likely as women (157) to have hearing impairment Among adults 75ndash84 years more than one-half of men had difficulty hearing (549) compared with just over one-third of women (364) Among adults aged 85 years and over the gap between men (630) and women (554) in rates of hearing impairment narrowed markedly

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (410) had hearing impairment compared with about one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (244) and Hispanic adults (245) and about one-third of non-Hispanic Asian adults (340)

Vision impairment

+ Prevalence of vision impairment nearly tripled between the ages of 55ndash64 years (110) and ages 85 years and over (303)

+ Sex differences in prevalence of vision impairment were modest with women having slightly higher rates of vision impairment than men the same age Among adults aged 85 years and over the differences between men (293) and women (308) were not statistically significant

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were somewhat more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have vision impairment

+ Rates of vision impairment were highest among poor adults and those who had public health insurance coverage with the differences by poverty and insurance status most pronounced among adults aged 55ndash64 years

Absence of natural teeth

+ Prevalence of total tooth loss increased with age Overall one in five adults aged 55 years and over (216) had lost all of their natural teeth with rates of total tooth loss nearly doubling between the age groups 55ndash64 years (137) and 65ndash74 years (240) and then increasing to more than 400 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Poor adults and near poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about one in four poor adults (270) and near poor adults (246) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who were not poor (107) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years nearly one-half of poor adults (473) and about 4 in 10 near poor adults (391) had lost all their teeth compared with less than one-fourth of adults who were not poor (229)

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were two to three times as likely as those with private coverage to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years one-third of those with public health insurance coverage (330) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who had private coverage (107) Among adults aged 65 years and

over those who had public health insurance coverage (466) were nearly twice as likely as those who had private coverage (241) to have lost all their teeth

Difficulty with physical and social activities (Table 2)

Prevalence of having difficulties with physical and social activities generally increased with age with the greatest increase occurring between the two oldest age groups Although prevalence estimates and the magnitude of subgroup differences varied by activity the overall patterns were remarkably similar Selected highlights are presented but the reader is encouraged to examine Table 2 for specific activities and subgroups of interest

Prevalence of difficulties by age

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking a quarter mile ranging from 165 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to over one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking up 10 steps Adults aged 85 years and over (462) were nearly four times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (129) to have difficulty with this activity

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty increased with age One in five adults 55ndash64 years compared with 6 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours (Figure 2)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty sitting for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty ranged from 91 of adults aged 65ndash74 years to 161 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ About 3 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty stooping or bending About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years compared with about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty with this activity (Figure 2)

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 4: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

4 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 1 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who were in fair or poor health by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

Hypertension

+ About 4 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (449) had hypertension ranging from 380 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (505)

+ Differences between men and women in prevalence of hypertension varied by age In the youngest age group men and women were about equally likely to have hypertension Among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension

+ Non-Hispanic black adults in each of the older age groups had substantially higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults non-Hispanic Asian adults or adults of Hispanic origin However the differences by raceethnicity varied by age For example among adults aged 55ndash64 years 559 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 360 of non-Hispanic white adults 369 of Hispanic adults and 318 of non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 75ndash84 years 710 of non-Hispanic black adults had hypertension compared with 586 of non-Hispanic Asian adults 517 of non-Hispanic white

adults and 493 of Hispanicadults

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of hypertension than adults who had private health insurance coverage with the greatest differences among adults aged 55ndash64 years Among these adults prevalence of hypertension was nearly 20 percentage points higher among those who had public health insurance coverage (578) than among those with private health insurance (360) Among adults aged 65 years and over the difference in hypertension prevalence between those having public (631) and private (496) coverage was smaller than for adults in the 55ndash64 year age group

Heart disease

+ Prevalence of heart disease increased with age One in four adults aged 55 years and over had heart disease with rates more than doubling between ages 55ndash64 years (170) and ages 85 years and over (385)

+ Men were more likely than women to have heart disease among adults under age 85 years with the differences most notable in the age groups 65ndash74 years (317 of men and 225 of women) and 75ndash84

years (429 of men and 306 of women) At ages 85 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have heart disease

+ The relationship of race or ethnicity and prevalence of heart disease varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years of age prevalence of heart disease was similar for non-Hispanic black (176) and non-Hispanic white (177) adults The lowest prevalence of heart disease was among Hispanics (128) and non-Hispanic Asians (94) Among adults aged 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease was higher for non-Hispanic white adults (324) than for non-Hispanic black adults (258) non-Hispanic Asian adults (246) or Hispanic adults (215) Among adults 65 years and over prevalence of heart disease by raceethnicity showed no consistent pattern when prevalence was examined for the more detailed age categories

+ Heart disease was associated with poverty among adults aged 55ndash64 years 275 of poor adults in this age group had heart disease compared with 159 of those who were not poor However among adults aged 65 years and over no significant differences in prevalence of heart disease were found between adults who were poor (327) and those who were not poor (312)

Diabetes

+ Unlike the other conditions studied prevalence of diabetes did not increase with age prevalence of diabetes was highest among adults aged 65ndash74 years (170) and lowest among those 85 years and over (110)

+ Prevalence of diabetes was higher for non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults than for non-Hispanic white adults or non-Hispanic Asian adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic black adults (215) and Hispanic adults (197) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic white adults (107) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65 years and over rates of diabetes were

5 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

about 10 percentage points higher for non-Hispanic black (242) and Hispanic (235) adults than for non-Hispanic white adults (144)

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have diabetesmdashexcept among the oldest adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (212) were twice as likely as adults who were not poor (104) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65ndash74 years poor adults (216) and near poor adults (213) were more likely than adults who were not poor (153) to have diabetes

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were considerably more likely to have diabetes than those with private coverage and those who were uninsured

Hearing impairment

+ The prevalence of hearing impairment increased with age Overall nearly one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (315) had some level of hearing impairment ranging from 223 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 580 of adults aged 85 years

+ Sex differences in prevalence of hearing impairment varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years men (296) were nearly twice as likely as women (157) to have hearing impairment Among adults 75ndash84 years more than one-half of men had difficulty hearing (549) compared with just over one-third of women (364) Among adults aged 85 years and over the gap between men (630) and women (554) in rates of hearing impairment narrowed markedly

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (410) had hearing impairment compared with about one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (244) and Hispanic adults (245) and about one-third of non-Hispanic Asian adults (340)

Vision impairment

+ Prevalence of vision impairment nearly tripled between the ages of 55ndash64 years (110) and ages 85 years and over (303)

+ Sex differences in prevalence of vision impairment were modest with women having slightly higher rates of vision impairment than men the same age Among adults aged 85 years and over the differences between men (293) and women (308) were not statistically significant

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were somewhat more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have vision impairment

+ Rates of vision impairment were highest among poor adults and those who had public health insurance coverage with the differences by poverty and insurance status most pronounced among adults aged 55ndash64 years

Absence of natural teeth

+ Prevalence of total tooth loss increased with age Overall one in five adults aged 55 years and over (216) had lost all of their natural teeth with rates of total tooth loss nearly doubling between the age groups 55ndash64 years (137) and 65ndash74 years (240) and then increasing to more than 400 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Poor adults and near poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about one in four poor adults (270) and near poor adults (246) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who were not poor (107) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years nearly one-half of poor adults (473) and about 4 in 10 near poor adults (391) had lost all their teeth compared with less than one-fourth of adults who were not poor (229)

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were two to three times as likely as those with private coverage to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years one-third of those with public health insurance coverage (330) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who had private coverage (107) Among adults aged 65 years and

over those who had public health insurance coverage (466) were nearly twice as likely as those who had private coverage (241) to have lost all their teeth

Difficulty with physical and social activities (Table 2)

Prevalence of having difficulties with physical and social activities generally increased with age with the greatest increase occurring between the two oldest age groups Although prevalence estimates and the magnitude of subgroup differences varied by activity the overall patterns were remarkably similar Selected highlights are presented but the reader is encouraged to examine Table 2 for specific activities and subgroups of interest

Prevalence of difficulties by age

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking a quarter mile ranging from 165 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to over one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking up 10 steps Adults aged 85 years and over (462) were nearly four times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (129) to have difficulty with this activity

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty increased with age One in five adults 55ndash64 years compared with 6 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours (Figure 2)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty sitting for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty ranged from 91 of adults aged 65ndash74 years to 161 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ About 3 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty stooping or bending About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years compared with about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty with this activity (Figure 2)

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 5: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

5 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

about 10 percentage points higher for non-Hispanic black (242) and Hispanic (235) adults than for non-Hispanic white adults (144)

+ Poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have diabetesmdashexcept among the oldest adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (212) were twice as likely as adults who were not poor (104) to have diabetes Among adults aged 65ndash74 years poor adults (216) and near poor adults (213) were more likely than adults who were not poor (153) to have diabetes

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were considerably more likely to have diabetes than those with private coverage and those who were uninsured

Hearing impairment

+ The prevalence of hearing impairment increased with age Overall nearly one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (315) had some level of hearing impairment ranging from 223 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 580 of adults aged 85 years

+ Sex differences in prevalence of hearing impairment varied by age Among adults 55ndash64 years men (296) were nearly twice as likely as women (157) to have hearing impairment Among adults 75ndash84 years more than one-half of men had difficulty hearing (549) compared with just over one-third of women (364) Among adults aged 85 years and over the gap between men (630) and women (554) in rates of hearing impairment narrowed markedly

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over 4 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (410) had hearing impairment compared with about one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (244) and Hispanic adults (245) and about one-third of non-Hispanic Asian adults (340)

Vision impairment

+ Prevalence of vision impairment nearly tripled between the ages of 55ndash64 years (110) and ages 85 years and over (303)

+ Sex differences in prevalence of vision impairment were modest with women having slightly higher rates of vision impairment than men the same age Among adults aged 85 years and over the differences between men (293) and women (308) were not statistically significant

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were somewhat more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have vision impairment

+ Rates of vision impairment were highest among poor adults and those who had public health insurance coverage with the differences by poverty and insurance status most pronounced among adults aged 55ndash64 years

Absence of natural teeth

+ Prevalence of total tooth loss increased with age Overall one in five adults aged 55 years and over (216) had lost all of their natural teeth with rates of total tooth loss nearly doubling between the age groups 55ndash64 years (137) and 65ndash74 years (240) and then increasing to more than 400 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Poor adults and near poor adults were more likely than adults who were not poor to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about one in four poor adults (270) and near poor adults (246) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who were not poor (107) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years nearly one-half of poor adults (473) and about 4 in 10 near poor adults (391) had lost all their teeth compared with less than one-fourth of adults who were not poor (229)

+ Adults who had public health insurance coverage were two to three times as likely as those with private coverage to have lost all their natural teeth Among adults aged 55ndash64 years one-third of those with public health insurance coverage (330) had lost all their natural teeth compared with about 1 in 10 adults who had private coverage (107) Among adults aged 65 years and

over those who had public health insurance coverage (466) were nearly twice as likely as those who had private coverage (241) to have lost all their teeth

Difficulty with physical and social activities (Table 2)

Prevalence of having difficulties with physical and social activities generally increased with age with the greatest increase occurring between the two oldest age groups Although prevalence estimates and the magnitude of subgroup differences varied by activity the overall patterns were remarkably similar Selected highlights are presented but the reader is encouraged to examine Table 2 for specific activities and subgroups of interest

Prevalence of difficulties by age

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking a quarter mile ranging from 165 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to over one-half of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty walking up 10 steps Adults aged 85 years and over (462) were nearly four times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (129) to have difficulty with this activity

+ About one in four adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty increased with age One in five adults 55ndash64 years compared with 6 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty standing for 2 hours (Figure 2)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty sitting for 2 hours and prevalence of this difficulty ranged from 91 of adults aged 65ndash74 years to 161 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ About 3 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty stooping or bending About one in five adults aged 55ndash64 years compared with about one-half of adults aged 85 years and over had difficulty with this activity (Figure 2)

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 6: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

6 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 2 Percentage of older adults who had at least some difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile standing for 2 hours stooping or bending and carrying 10 pounds by age United States 2000ndash2003

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty reaching (109) or grasping (94) with rates tripling between the ages of 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over

+ Overall 150 of adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty carrying 10 pounds and rates increased with age About 11 of adults 55ndash64 years had difficulty carrying 10 pounds compared with 385 of adults aged 85 years and over (Figure 2)

+ About one in five adults aged 55 years and over (205) had difficulty pushing or pulling large objects with rates for those aged 85 years and over (466) triple those of adults aged 55ndash64 years (155)

+ About 1 in 10 adults aged 55 years and over had difficulty shopping (124) or socializing (94) Rates increased gradually between ages 55ndash64 years and ages 75ndash84 years and then doubled for the age group 85 years and over About one-third of adults in the oldest age group had difficulty shopping (358) or socializing (292)

Sociodemographic variations in difficulties

+ Across the activities studied women were more likely than men to have difficulty with physical and social activities with the largest differences noted in the age groups 65 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic black adults had somewhat higher rates of difficulties than other raceethnicity groups

+ Poor adults had higher rates of difficulties than adults who were not poor with differences greatest for adults aged 55ndash64 years

+ Adults with public health insurance coverage had higher rates of difficulties than adults who had private insurance and those who were uninsured or who were covered by Medicare only

+ Currently married adults generally had the lowest rates and formerly married adults had the highest rates of difficulties with physical or social activities with rates among never married adults falling in between

Health care utilization (Table 3)

Regular source of health care

+ Overall 948 of adults aged 55 years and over had a regular source of health care Having a regular source of health care varied by age ranging from 926 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 970 of adults aged 75 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (938) were more likely than men (912) to have a regular source of health care However in each of the age groups 65 years and over men and women were about equally likely to have a regular source of care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years Hispanic adults (835) were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults (937) and non-Hispanic black adults (929) to have a regular source of health care

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were uninsured (678) were less likely than those who had public insurance (962) and those with private coverage (956) to

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 7: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

7 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

have a regular source of healthcare

+ Among adults aged 65 years and over more than 90 of adults had a regular source of health care regardless of sex raceethnicity poverty health insurance status or marital status

Pneumonia shot

+ Four in 10 adults aged 55 years and over (392) had ever had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 75ndash84 years (609) and adults aged 85 years and over (589) were almost three times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (192) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Among adults under age 75 years women were slightly more likely than men to have ever had a pneumonia shot among adults aged 75ndash84 years men were slightly more likely than women to have had this immunization No differences were found between men and women aged 85 years and over

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than all other race groups to have had a pneumonia shot regardless of age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years non-Hispanic white adults (205) were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults (165) and about twice as likely as Hispanic adults (107) to have ever had a pneumonia shot Among adults aged 65 years and over non-Hispanic white adults (587) were about twice as likely as non-Hispanic black adults (345) and Hispanic adults (303) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Prevalence of getting a pneumonia shot was associated with poverty status but the association differed for adults under and over age 65 years Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were not poor (187) were less likely to have had a pneumonia shot than adults who were poor (216) or near poor (233) Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who were not poor (584) or near poor (535) were more likely than adults who were poor (418) to have had a pneumonia shot

+ The relationship between having a pneumonia vaccination and insurance status varied by age Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance (279) were more likely than adults who had private insurance (186) and those who were uninsured (120) to have had a pneumonia shot Adults aged 65 years and over who had private insurance were more likely than adults who had public insurance to have had a pneumonia shot

+ Adults who were married were more likely than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received a pneumonia shot

Flu shot

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years women (406) were more likely than men (360) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (719) were more likely than women (679) to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have had a flu shot in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 3) and the differences increased with age

+ Adults who had private insurance were more likely than those who had public insurance or who were uninsured or had Medicare only to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had private insurance (402) and public insurance (416) were twice as likely as uninsured adults (208) to have received a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over nearly 7 in 10 adults with private insurance coverage (687) received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 5 in 10 adults with public insurance coverage (543) and less than 6 in 10 adults who had Medicare only (578)

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married or those who were never married to have received

a flu shot in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years 638 of adults who are currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with 565 of adults who were never married and 550 of adults who were formerly married Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over three-fourths of adults who were currently married received a flu shot in the past 12 months compared with about two-thirds of adults who were formerly married and those who were never married

Dental visit

+ Younger adults were more likely than older adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months About 65 of adults aged 55ndash64 years (649) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with 46 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months with the differences most striking in the two oldest age groups Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about two-thirds of non-Hispanic white adults (678) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with one-half of non-Hispanic black adults (517) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years almost 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (587) visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with about one-third of non-Hispanic black adults (338) In the oldest age group about one-half of non-Hispanic white adults (492) had visited a dentist in the past 12 months compared with only 2 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (208)

+ Across all age groups adults who were not poor were about twice as likely as adults who were poor to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months (Table 3 and Figure 4)

+ Across all age groups adults who had private health insurance coverage

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 8: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

8 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 3 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who received a flu shot in the past 12 months by age and race United States 2000ndash2003

Figure 4 Percentage of adults 55 years and over who had visited a dentist in the past 12 months by age and poverty status United States 2000ndash2003

were the most likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months

+ Across the older age groups adults who were currently married were more likely to have visited a dentist in the past 12 months than adults who were formerly married or those who were never married

Doctor visit

+ Overall 886 of adults aged 55ndash64 years had visited a doctor in the past 12 months compared with 947 of adults aged 75ndash84 years and 949 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Hispanic adults were less likely than non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years those who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor and near poor to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

+ Adults aged 55ndash64 years who had public insurance coverage (958) were somewhat more likely than those who had private insurance (911) and much more likely than those who were uninsured (661) to

have visited a doctor in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over adults who had Medicare only were less likely than adults who had private insurance to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 9: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

9 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

+ Adults who were currently married were more likely than those who were formerly married and those who were never married to have visited a doctor in the past 12 months

Emergency room visit

+ Overall 1 in 5 adults aged 55 years and over had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months ranging from 184 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 318 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Across all age groups men and women were about equally likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 262 of non-Hispanic black adults had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 173 of non-Hispanic white adults Among adults aged 65 years and over more than one-fourth of non-Hispanic black adults (275) had visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 1 in 5 non-Hispanic white adults (227)

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than adults who were not poor to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years poor adults (307) were nearly twice as likely as adults who were not poor (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over poor adults (290) were somewhat more likely than adults who were not poor (221) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (392) were more than twice as likely as those who were uninsured (168) and those who had private insurance (164) to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and older those who had public insurance were more likely than those who had private insurance and

Medicare only to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65ndash74 years and 75ndash84 years more than one-third of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with fewer than 1 in 4 adults who had Medicare only or private insurance Among adults aged 85 years and over 442 of adults with public insurance visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 319 of adults with private insurance and 278 of adults with Medicare only

+ Formerly married adults were more likely than those who were currently married to have visited an emergency room in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 229 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 168 who were currently married Among adults aged 65 years and over 261 of those who were formerly married visited an emergency room in the past 12 months compared with 212 of adults who were currently married

Home care

+ Overall adults aged 85 years and over (170) were eight times as likely as adults aged 55ndash64 years (21) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Among adults aged 75ndash84 years and 85 years and over women were more likely than men to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who were poor were more likely than those who were not poor to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years adults who were poor (55) were five times as likely as those who were not poor (14) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 65 years and over those who were poor (108) were nearly twice as likely as those who were not poor (56) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

+ Adults who had public insurance were more likely than those with

private insurance to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who had public insurance (99) were more than six times as likely as those with private insurance (15) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 65 years and over those who had public insurance (176) were three times as likely as adults with private insurance (59) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months Among adults 85 years and over those who had public insurance (332) were nearly twice as likely as those with private insurance (161) and Medicare only (154) to have utilized home care in the past 12 months

Health behaviors (Table 4)

Leisure-time physical activity

+ About one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (517) engaged in at least some light moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activitymdashwhether regularly or irregularlymdashranging from over one-half of adults aged 55ndash64 years to about one-fourth of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Differences between men and women in rates of participation in any leisure-time physical activity varied by age Among adults aged 55ndash64 years rates of participation were about the same for men (581) and women (571) Among adults aged 65 years and over men (526) were more likely than women (433) to participate in leisure-time physical activities

+ Non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or Hispanic adults to engage in at least some leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years about 6 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (608) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (580) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with about 4 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (435) and Hispanic adults (419) Among adults aged 65 years and over about

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 10: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

10 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

5 in 10 non-Hispanic white adults (493) and 6 in 10 non-Hispanic Asian adults (593) engaged in leisure-time physical activity compared with about 3 in 10 non-Hispanic black adults (317) and Hispanic adults (358)

+ Adults who were not poor were more likely than those who were poor to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults 55ndash64 years two-thirds of adults who were not poor (663) engaged in some type of leisure-time physical activity compared with about one-third of those who were poor (364) Among adults 65 years and over 6 in 10 adults who were not poor (586) engaged in some type of leisure-time activity compared with about 3 in 10 of those who were poor (297) Among adults aged 85 years and over one-third of adults who were not poor (337) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 219 of poor adults

+ Adults who had private health insurance coverage were about twice as likely as those with public coverage to engage in some level of leisure-time physical activity

+ Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults or adults who had never been married to engage in leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 55ndash64 years 6 in 10 currently married adults (602) engaged in leisure-time physical activities compared with 5 in 10 formerly married adults (509) and never married adults (529) Among adults aged 65 years and over about 5 in 10 currently married adults (526) engaged in some leisure-time physical activity compared with 4 in 10 formerly married adults (402) and never married adults (419)

Regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Overall about 1 in 4 adults aged 55 years and over (247) engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity The prevalence of engaging in regular leisure-time physical activity was about the same for adults 55ndash64 years

(281) and 65ndash74 years (269) but was markedly lower among adults 75ndash84 years (187) and those aged 85 years and over (82)

+ Men were more likely than women to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity with the greatest differences found in the oldest age groups Among adults 55ndash64 years men (299) were somewhat more likely than women (265) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 75ndash84 years men (242) were about one and one-half times as likely as women (150) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity Among adults aged 85 years and over men (116) were almost twice as likely as women (65) to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Among adults under age 85 years non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic Asian adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults and Hispanic adults to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity (Table 4 and Figure 5)

+ Except for adults in the oldest age group adults who were not poor were at least twice as likely as poor adults in the same age group to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Adults who had private health insurance were generally more likely than adults without private coverage to engage in regular leisure-time physical activity

+ Prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity was generally higher among currently married adults than among formerly married adults and those who had never been married for all age groups under 85 years

Strengthening activities

+ Rates of participation in activities designed to strengthen muscles were low among adults in all age groups 55 years and over ranging from 172 of adults aged 55ndash64 years to 72 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Adults who were not poor were two to three times as likely as poor adults to engage in strengthening activities Among adults aged 55ndash64

years about 1 in 5 adults who were not poor (214) engaged in strengthening activities compared with fewer than 1 in 10 poor adults (79) Among adults aged 65 years and over 165 of adults who were not poor did strengthening exercises compared with 68 of poor adults Among adults aged 85 years and over 121 of adults who were not poor did strengthening activities compared with 40 of poor adults

Healthy weight

+ Overall about one-third of adults aged 55 years and over (353) were a healthy weight ranging from 3 in 10 adults aged 55ndash64 years (306) to more than 5 in 10 adults aged 85 years and over (560)

+ Women were more likely than men to be a healthy weight except among adults aged 85 years and over for whom no sex differences were found

+ Non-Hispanic Asian adults were the most likely and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults were the least likely to be a healthy weight across the age groups studied More than 60 percent of non-Hispanic Asian adults in each age group had a body weight for height that was in the healthy range

Cigarette smoking never smoked

+ Overall nearly one-half of adults aged 55 years and over (481) had never smoked cigarettes Estimates for never having smoked cigarettes ranged from 442 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 666 of adults aged 85 years and over

+ Women were more likely than men to have never smoked cigarettes in each of the age groups studied Among adults aged 55ndash64 years over one-half of women (534) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (342) Among adults aged 75ndash84 years about two-thirds of women (668) had never smoked compared with about one-third of men (349) Among adults aged 85 years and over about three-fourths of women (766) had never smoked cigarettes compared with about one-half of men (474)

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 11: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

11 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Figure 5 Percentage of older adults who engaged in regular leisure-time physical activity by age race and Hispanic ethnicity United States 2000ndash2003

+

D

a

+ In the age groups 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years non-Hispanic Asian adults and Hispanic adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults or non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

Cigarette smoking nonsmokers

+ Prevalence of being a current nonsmoker (that is never smoked or a former smoker) was very high among adults aged 55 years over (856) increasing from 793 among adults aged 55ndash64 years to 974 among adults aged 85 years and over

+ Among adults aged 55ndash64 years and 65ndash74 years women were more likely than men to be nonsmokers In the two oldest age groups men and women were about equally likely to be nonsmokers

+ Adults who had private health insurance were more likely than those with public coverage to be nonsmokers Among adults 55ndash64

years 821 of those who had private health insurance coverage were nonsmokers compared with 677 of adults with public coverage and 720 of those who were uninsured Among adults aged 65 years and over adults with private health insurance coverage (917) and those with Medicare only (892) were more likely than adults with public coverage (855) to be nonsmokers

Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to be nonsmokers in every age group except ages 85 years and over Differences were most notable among adults aged 55ndash64 years 826 of currently married adults in this age group were nonsmokers compared with 700 of formerly married adults

iscussion The findings presented in this report

re based on interviews with adults

living in households across the United States Although the NHIS sample includes a few residential assisted-living units for the most part the interviewed sample consists of adults who can manage in a regular household settingmdasheither on their own or with the help of other household members or paid caregivers Adults unable to manage in the home are living in nursing homes or other institutional settings and are out of scope for NHIS This context should be kept in mind when interpreting the findings presented

Overall prevalence rates for fair or poor health chronic health conditions (with the exception of diabetes) sensory impairments and difficulties with physical and social activities increased with advancing age doubling or tripling between the age groups 55ndash64 years and 85 years and over Sociodemographic variations in health characteristics were found in each of the older age groups studied although they were not always the same across age groups For

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 12: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

12 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

example among adults aged 65 years and over women were more likely than men to have hypertension but men were more likely to have heart disease Men aged 55ndash64 years (296) were about twice as likely as women (157) in the same age group to have hearing impairment with the gap narrowing considerably among men (630) and women (554) aged 85 years and over Although men and women were about equally likely to be in fair or poor health across the age groups studied women generally were more likely to have difficulty with physical or social activities In interpreting the findings presented in this report the reader should be mindful not only of the selectivity of the older adult household population mentioned earlier but also of the differences in the survival of men and women in these older age groups which may affect prevalence of conditions impairments and limitations for the two groups

Race and ethnicity differences were found for most health indicators although the groups with the higher rates of health problems varied Non-Hispanic black adults had higher rates of hypertension than non-Hispanic white adults but non-Hispanic white adults had higher rates of heart disease Prevalence of difficulties with many of the physical or social activities was highest for non-Hispanic black adults and in many cases similar for Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic white adults Non-Hispanic white adults were considerably more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have visited a dentist but non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to have had an emergency room visit Non-Hispanic white adults were more likely than non-Hispanic black adults to be physically active in leisure time and to be a healthy weight However non-Hispanic black adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have never smoked cigarettes

The most consistent and striking findings are the health differences by poverty status and health insurance coverage Poor and near poor adults and those with public health insurance were by far the most disadvantaged groups of

older adults This report shows that older adults who were poor or nearly poor and those who lacked private health insurance had much higher rates of health problems much lower rates of immunizations and dental care utilization and lower rates of healthy behaviors than adults who were not poor and those who had private health insurance coverage The causal direction of the association of health status poverty and health insurance coverage cannot be determined here That is whether these older adults were sick because they were poor poor because they were sick or both cannot be determined with cross-sectional data This limitation in identifying causation also applies to the relationship between public health insurance coverage and health status In addition it is likely than many of the demographic and health variables are correlated In particular income and health insurance are highly correlated Future studies using multivariate models would improve understanding of the relationship of these factors However even in the absence of such studies analyses identifying and monitoring differences in subpopulations serve a useful purpose in public health research

Married adults generally were less likely to be in fair or poor health and less likely to have difficulty with physical and social activities than formerly married (widowed or divorced) adults although in some cases the differences disappeared at the oldest ages Currently married adults were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a flu shot and to have been to a dentist among adults aged 65 years and over currently married adults also were more likely than formerly married adults to have gotten a pneumonia shot Currently married adults were more likely to engage in leisure-time physical activities but were less likely to be a healthy weight than formerly married adults Among adults aged 55ndash64 years those who were currently married were much more likely to be nonsmokers but the marital status differences in this behavior diminished and eventually disappeared

with advancing agemdasha stage of life when smoking is rare

Conclusions Much remains to be studied and

learned about healthy aging Clearly some groups are more advantaged than others when it comes to health status chronic health conditions utilization of health services and personal health behaviors Prevalence rates for many chronic health conditions were highest for the oldest age groups Among adults aged 65 years and overmdashmost of whom are eligible for Medicaremdashuse of physician services was high Utilization was lower among adults under age 65 years Use of preventive health and dental services was highest among adults who are not poor

Adoption of healthy behaviors was greater in some groups of older adults than others Adults who were not poor were most likely to engage in life-enhancing behaviors such as leisure-time physical activity abstinence from smoking and for those aged 65 years and over maintenance of healthy body weight Although some declines in health with normal aging are inevitable a better understanding of the disparities in health status access to health services and prevalence of health-promoting behaviors that exist among the Nationrsquos older adults can help government and private agencies pinpoint areas of greatest need and greatest opportunity

References 1 Hobbs F Stoops N Demographic

Trends in the 20th Century USCensus Bureau Washington USGovernment Printing Office Census2000 Special Reports 2002

2 US Census Bureau StatisticalAbstract of the United States 2006Washington US GovernmentPrinting Office

3 Arias E United States Life Tables2002 National Vital StatisticsReports 53(6) National Center forHealth Statistics Hyattsville MD2004

4 Department of Health and HumanServices Web site Available fromhttpwwwdhhsgov

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 13: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006 13

5 Department of Health and HumanServices Administration on AgingAvailable from httpwwwaoagov

6 Agency for Healthcare Research andQuality Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality Availablefrom httpwwwahrqgov

7 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Available fromhttpwwwcdcgov

8 Department of Health and HumanServices Center for Medicare andMedicaid Services Available fromhttpwwwcmshhsgov

9 Department of Health and HumanServices National Institutes ofHealth National Institute onAging Available fromhttpwwwnianihgov

10 National Center for Health StatisticsData Warehouse on Trends in Healthand Aging National Center forHealth Statistics Available fromhttpwwwcdcgovnchsagingacthtm 2005

11 Federal Interagency Forum onAging-Related Statistics OlderAmericans 2004 Key indicators ofwell-being Washington USGovernment Printing Office 2004

12 Sahyoun NR Lentzner H Hoyert DRobinson KN Trends in causes ofdeath among the elderly AgingTrends No 1 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2001

13 Desai M Pratt LA Lentzner HRobinson KN Trends in vision andhearing among older AmericansAging Trends No 2 HyattsvilleMD National Center for HealthStatistics 2001

14 Vargas CM Kramarow EAYellowitz JA Oral health of olderAmericans Aging Trends No 3Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

15 Sahyoun NR Pratt LA Lentzner HDey A Robinson KN The changingprofile of nursing home residents1985ndash1997 Aging Trends No 4Hyattsville MD National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

16 Goulding MR Trends in prescribedmedicine use and spending by olderAmericans 1992ndash2001 AgingTrends No 5 Hyattsville MDNational Center for Health Statistics2005

17 National Center for Health StatisticsHealth United States 2005 WithChartbook on Trends in Health ofAmericans Hyattsville MD 2005

18 Borglin G Jakobsson U Edberg AKHallbert IR Self-reported healthcomplaints and their prediction ofoverall and health-related quality forlife among elderly people Inter JNurs Stud 42147ndash58 2005

19 Campbell VA Crews JE MoriartyDG Zack MM Blackman DKSurveillance for sensory impairmentactivity limitation and health-relatedquality of life among olderadultsmdashUnited States 1993ndash1997MMWR 1999 48(8)131ndash56

20 Centers for Disease Control andPrevention Social support andhealth-related quality of life amongolder adultsmdashMissouri 2000MMWR 2005 54(17)433ndash7

21 Goldman N Korenman S WeinsteinR Marital status and health amongthe elderly Soc Sci Med40(12)1717ndash30 1995

22 Judd LL Akiskal HS The clinicaland public health relevance ofcurrent research on subthresholddepressive symptoms to elderlypatients Am J Geriatr Psychiatry10(3)233ndash8 2002

23 Liang J Brown JW Krause NMOfstedal MB Bennett J Health andliving arrangements of olderAmericans J Aging Health17(3)305ndash5 2005

24 Locker D Matear D Stephens MJokovic A Oral healthndashrelatedquality of life of a population ofmedically compromised elderlyCommunity Dent Health 19(2)90ndash72002

25 Nigg CR Burbank PM Padula CDufresne R Rossi JS Velicer WF etal Stages of change across ten healthrisk behaviors for older adultsGerontologist 39(4)473ndash82 1999

26 Spencer CA Jamrozik K NormanPE Lawrence-Brown M A simplelifestyle score predicts survival inhealthy elderly men Prev Med40712ndash17 2005

27 Yan LL Daviglus ML Liu KPirzada A Garside DB Schiffer L etal BMI and health-related quality oflife in adults 65 years and olderObes Res 12(1)69ndash76 2004

28 National Center for Health Statistics2000 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2001

29 National Center for Health Statistics2001 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Pubic Use Data

Release NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2002

30 National Center for Health Statistics2002 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2003

31 National Center for Health Statistics2003 National Health InterviewSurvey (NHIS) Public Use DataRelease NHIS Survey DescriptionDocument National Center forHealth Statistics 2004

32 Lethbridge-Cejku M Vickerie JSummary health statistics for USadults National Health InterviewSurvey 2003 National Center forHealth Statistics Vital Health Stat10(225) 2005

33 Schiller JS Adams PF CoriatyNelson Z Summary health statisticsfor the US population NationalHealth Interview Survey 2003National Center for Health StatisticsVital Health Stat 10(224) 2004

34 Research Triangle InstituteSUDAAN (Release 801)[Computer Software] ResearchTriangle Park NC 2002

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 14: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

14 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 232 (031) 449 (031) 250 (027) 145 (022) 315 (031) 146 (025) 216 (030)55ndash64 years 25310 196 (039) 380 (046) 170 (037) 126 (033) 223 (041) 110 (029) 137 (032)65 years and over 33219 260 (039) 501 (039) 311 (035) 159 (028) 385 (040) 174 (033) 276 (042)

65ndash74 years 17876 229 (048) 479 (054) 267 (045) 170 (036) 314 (054) 139 (037) 240 (048) 75ndash84 years 12075 285 (059) 532 (065) 356 (060) 155 (047) 439 (060) 191 (048) 295 (065) 85 years and over 3268 336 (104) 505 (116) 385 (100) 110 (068) 580 (121) 303 (109) 402 (119)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 193 (057) 387 (066) 197 (057) 141 (051) 296 (059) 95 (039) 134 (045) Women 13210 198 (049) 374 (062) 146 (047) 113 (037) 157 (046) 124 (041) 139 (045)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 168 (041) 360 (055) 174 (041) 107 (034) 242 (048) 103 (033) 139 (037) Black not-Hispanic 2379 339 (132) 559 (128) 176 (096) 215 (107) 132 (095) 152 (102) 143 (082) Asian not-Hispanic 613 150 (242) 318 (299) 94 (206) 125 (226) 138 (238) 81 (149) 96 (178) Hispanic 1931 296 (135) 369 (142) 128 (100) 197 (119) 144 (108) 122 (097) 108 (090)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 511 (154) 499 (158) 275 (151) 212 (137) 280 (153) 224 (120) 270 (132) Near poor 2425 373 (135) 438 (134) 210 (108) 192 (102) 232 (120) 182 (101) 246 (126) Not poor 14228 126 (043) 365 (062) 159 (046) 104 (039) 230 (053) 93 (037) 107 (039)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 131 (036) 360 (055) 153 (043) 110 (035) 216 (043) 90 (030) 107 (034) Medicaidother public 1401 673 (165) 578 (174) 342 (180) 290 (159) 279 (165) 256 (145) 330 (170) Uninsured 2750 266 (122) 336 (123) 124 (089) 119 (080) 200 (101) 139 (087) 188 (106)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 173 (044) 374 (056) 168 (044) 125 (042) 233 (051) 98 (034) 122 (039) Formerly married 5568 258 (067) 399 (075) 184 (067) 130 (050) 210 (074) 145 (058) 181 (068) Never married 1172 232 (143) 396 (173) 148 (112) 136 (114) 160 (118) 136 (124) 138 (118)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 264 (052) 467 (065) 363 (056) 181 (050) 475 (067) 160 (044) 262 (056) Women 19072 257 (050) 526 (050) 272 (044) 142 (033) 319 (045) 185 (043) 286 (050)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 235 (041) 485 (042) 324 (038) 144 (031) 410 (044) 170 (035) 267 (047) Black not-Hispanic 2685 411 (137) 669 (101) 258 (108) 242 (093) 244 (101) 205 (113) 354 (113) Asian not-Hispanic 649 257 (238) 535 (255) 246 (287) 146 (201) 340 (237) 152 (215) 243 (279) Hispanic 2015 396 (138) 469 (134) 215 (116) 235 (097) 245 (120) 191 (132) 287 (120)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 15: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

15 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 425 (116) 562 (119) 327 (120) 204 (095) 368 (124) 247 (107) 446 (118) Near poor 6083 338 (077) 552 (082) 335 (081) 184 (064) 406 (087) 224 (070) 382 (094) Not poor 12791 197 (053) 486 (061) 312 (057) 148 (049) 400 (063) 157 (049) 209 (055)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 220 (047) 496 (049) 321 (041) 150 (037) 396 (050) 160 (038) 241 (049) Medicareother public only 1989 554 (139) 631 (144) 387 (126) 267 (117) 383 (141) 293 (141) 466 (130) Medicare only 7953 278 (070) 486 (071) 273 (068) 148 (049) 359 (073) 173 (065) 308 (072)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 244 (053) 476 (055) 316 (049) 161 (042) 387 (057) 150 (040) 226 (053) Formerly married 13160 284 (053) 532 (053) 311 (048) 157 (037) 388 (052) 211 (050) 348 (052) Never married 1177 248 (144) 534 (156) 239 (145) 137 (109) 344 (154) 171 (127) 269 (158)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 235 (068) 467 (084) 317 (072) 194 (063) 409 (088) 129 (056) 237 (066) Women 9760 225 (061) 489 (069) 225 (056) 151 (046) 235 (057) 146 (051) 241 (060)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 201 (053) 460 (057) 278 (051) 152 (041) 339 (061) 132 (041) 235 (054) Black not-Hispanic 1578 370 (172) 655 (138) 233 (123) 265 (131) 189 (118) 170 (116) 293 (143) Asian not-Hispanic 378 198 (308) 516 (365) 190 (328) 147 (273) 240 (337) 129 (259) 155 (281) Hispanic 1287 371 (158) 456 (166) 191 (135) 242 (128) 187 (136) 161 (134) 234 (143)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 417 (163) 552 (167) 290 (153) 216 (121) 299 (159) 211 (134) 414 (162) Near poor 2897 339 (111) 549 (117) 306 (115) 213 (097) 333 (125) 193 (097) 355 (131) Not poor 7594 169 (061) 464 (077) 269 (067) 153 (059) 334 (078) 128 (060) 184 (065)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 186 (057) 471 (067) 274 (057) 161 (049) 325 (067) 123 (045) 208 (059) Medicareother public only 1036 533 (181) 607 (198) 366 (171) 274 (156) 319 (176) 262 (164) 431 (184) Medicare only 4190 254 (094) 473 (103) 236 (083) 159 (073) 284 (096) 135 (071) 259 (093)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 216 (062) 462 (069) 273 (061) 167 (050) 333 (071) 126 (047) 209 (060) Formerly married 5368 255 (071) 508 (083) 260 (066) 177 (055) 277 (075) 166 (062) 305 (072) Never married 629 237 (198) 538 (223) 217 (195) 176 (165) 296 (222) 142 (140) 246 (216)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 16: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

16 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Fair or poor Heart Hearing Vision Lost all Selected characteristic Population health1 Hypertension2 disease3 Diabetes4 impairment5 impairment6 natural teeth7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 290 (087) 481 (103) 429 (103) 174 (076) 549 (101) 179 (075) 276 (094) Women 7170 282 (074) 566 (080) 306 (070) 142 (057) 364 (075) 200 (064) 309 (077)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 262 (061) 517 (069) 367 (067) 144 (051) 458 (063) 187 (050) 282 (071) Black not-Hispanic 869 465 (202) 710 (187) 301 (172) 219 (177) 298 (193) 241 (201) 395 (189) Asian not-Hispanic 205 303 (421) 586 (506) 334 (494) 146 (359) 398 (500) 153 (340) 362 (453) Hispanic 593 423 (254) 493 (236) 258 (187) 235 (225) 327 (246) 214 (244) 354 (214)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 430 (183) 571 (181) 366 (190) 212 (155) 405 (197) 255 (173) 473 (214) Near poor 2500 338 (127) 567 (127) 355 (124) 165 (093) 436 (119) 231 (109) 391 (128) Not poor 4308 222 (094) 521 (111) 366 (103) 146 (085) 475 (107) 181 (083) 229 (098)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 249 (072) 526 (083) 367 (072) 148 (060) 450 (078) 180 (057) 263 (075) Medicareother public only 724 590 (227) 669 (214) 412 (201) 267 (187) 399 (223) 288 (233) 476 (243) Medicare only 2828 293 (109) 515 (120) 313 (122) 149 (083) 408 (114) 191 (104) 330 (116)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 282 (084) 506 (099) 384 (091) 159 (072) 469 (094) 180 (066) 245 (093) Formerly married 5508 291 (076) 558 (082) 334 (077) 154 (061) 412 (076) 208 (071) 354 (079) Never married 414 272 (247) 555 (265) 263 (249) 101 (153) 367 (265) 170 (221) 275 (243)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 359 (182) 403 (199) 403 (185) 118 (123) 630 (214) 293 (184) 374 (182) Women 2142 324 (126) 560 (140) 375 (124) 106 (085) 554 (137) 308 (136) 417 (147)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 310 (108) 496 (130) 404 (109) 101 (072) 599 (128) 297 (115) 379 (128) Black not-Hispanic 238 485 (388) 613 (323) 266 (345) 169 (282) 413 (370) 310 (343) 604 (317) Asian not-Hispanic 66 456 (964) 493 (1025) 293 (946) 136 (580) 730 (849) 274 (821) 374 (930)Hispanic 135 526 (493) 484 (466) 257 (407) 168 (383) 440 (540) 376 (506) 498 (525)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 442 (292) 577 (325) 370 (257) 130 (201) 555 (292) 372 (308) 503 (290) Near poor 686 338 (222) 510 (246) 386 (231) 131 (168) 606 (227) 325 (211) 466 (230) Not poor 890 314 (227) 499 (234) 416 (235) 113 (148) 601 (247) 280 (228) 320 (205)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 298 (128) 523 (151) 415 (139) 99 (083) 590 (152) 292 (139) 349 (143) Medicareother public only 229 541 (352) 623 (401) 408 (394) 237 (385) 625 (373) 450 (390) 588 (376) Medicare only 935 341 (212) 451 (206) 320 (196) 98 (124) 549 (224) 285 (210) 459 (214)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 17: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

17 Table 1 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health status condition or impairment and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health status condition or impairment

Selected characteristic Population Fair or poor

health1 Hypertension2 Heart

disease3 Diabetes4 Hearing

impairment5 Vision

impairment6 Lost all

natural teeth7

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married Formerly married Never married

831 2284

134

358 333 226

(246) (118) (397)

458 524 449

(256) (132) (513)

423 376 270

(249) (116) (411)

101 114 63

(138) (083) (203)

558 593 506

(282) (122) (474)

258 320 309

(202) (133) (487)

318 436 360

(237) (142) (469)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Based on the question lsquolsquoWould you say [yoursubject namersquos] health in general is excellent very good good fair or poorrsquorsquo This information was obtained during the family interview and therefore could have been proxy reported2Had been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure3Ever told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease4Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes or sugar diabetesrsquorsquo (excludes during pregnancy) Responses of lsquolsquoborderlinersquorsquo were treated as unknown and excluded from the analysis5Based on the question lsquolsquoWhich statement best describes your hearing without a hearing aid good a little trouble a lot of trouble deafrsquorsquo Adults who responded a lsquolsquolittle troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment6Based on the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo were classified as having vision impairment7Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you lost all your upper and lower natural (permanent) teethrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown health characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 12Classification of health insurance coverage differs for persons below and above age 65 years For persons under age 65 years lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have any private coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes adults who had no health insurance coverage (including those covered only by the Indian Health Service) For persons aged 65 years and over lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all persons who had private coverage including those who also had Medicare lsquolsquoPublic coveragersquorsquo for this age group similarly includes adults who also may be covered by Medicare The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the near universal coverage for adults aged 65 years and over due to Medicare the sample size for the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo is very small and is not shown separately for thisage group13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 18: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

18 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number inthousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 238 (028) 186 (027) 276 (030) 105 (019) 292 (031) 109 (020) 94 (020) 150 (025) 205 (028) 124 (022) 94 (019) 40 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 165 (038) 129 (032) 203 (040) 103 (028) 222 (043) 87 (027) 74 (025) 109 (028) 155 (033) 90 (028) 65 (022) 31 (016)65 years and over 33219 296 (038) 232 (037) 334 (040) 106 (025) 346 (041) 127 (028) 110 (027) 181 (035) 245 (040) 151 (032) 117 (027) 47 (018)

65ndash74 years 17876 224 (043) 174 (041) 257 (046) 91 (031) 292 (051) 99 (032) 84 (028) 129 (036) 190 (045) 105 (033) 78 (031) 31 (018)75ndash84 years 12075 342 (063) 262 (058) 388 (068) 113 (042) 381 (065) 141 (048) 123 (045) 209 (055) 277 (061) 172 (048) 131 (041) 53 (028)85 years and over 3268 560 (120) 462 (117) 596 (116) 161 (087) 524 (114) 233 (098) 206 (100) 385 (124) 466 (132) 358 (123) 292 (122) 116 (082)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 140 (050) 103 (042) 171 (055) 79 (039) 185 (058) 75 (040) 59 (033) 76 (039) 114 (044) 72 (039) 53 (032) 26 (021) Women 13210 188 (051) 153 (046) 232 (053) 125 (038) 256 (057) 98 (037) 88 (033) 140 (041) 193 (045) 106 (039) 76 (031) 35 (022)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 20008 155 (042) 115 (035) 196 (045) 99 (033) 219 (049) 82 (030) 70 (028) 99 (031) 148 (037) 85 (031) 60 (024) 27 (017)Black not-Hispanic 2379 256 (107) 228 (104) 281 (121) 133 (090) 278 (114) 126 (103) 100 (071) 173 (098) 218 (110) 135 (091) 107 (082) 55 (066)Asian not-Hispanic 613 72 (151) 43 (109) 119 (192) 39 (112) 103 (189) 37 (104) 35 (121) 62 (138) 110 (210) 45 (107) 30 (110) dagger Hispanic 1931 165 (107) 157 (097) 186 (112) 116 (094) 202 (115) 95 (085) 86 (084) 143 (098) 148 (095) 83 (076) 65 (062) 35 (042)

Poverty status5

Poor 1694 424 (148) 355 (146) 465 (155) 248 (131) 452 (159) 218 (119) 172 (115) 311 (138) 388 (161) 253 (139) 207 (131) 106 (097) Near poor 2425 308 (131) 258 (132) 354 (131) 193 (105) 366 (127) 164 (110) 146 (097) 229 (123) 308 (136) 193 (111) 139 (094) 61 (066) Not poor 14228 116 (041) 84 (036) 154 (045) 75 (031) 185 (049) 60 (030) 53 (028) 70 (031) 109 (037) 57 (029) 39 (023) 17 (016)

Health insurance coverage6

Private 19443 118 (037) 85 (033) 155 (041) 74 (028) 181 (047) 59 (026) 53 (025) 72 (027) 113 (036) 58 (027) 40 (022) 18 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 559 (188) 491 (173) 623 (177) 333 (166) 570 (179) 311 (161) 232 (143) 435 (183) 528 (179) 379 (175) 312 (164) 146 (121) Uninsured 2750 164 (101) 126 (085) 189 (107) 105 (083) 214 (116) 86 (078) 75 (074) 106 (083) 144 (095) 76 (077) 53 (061) 31 (045)

Marital status7

Currently married 17845 142 (043) 107 (039) 180 (047) 90 (033) 203 (051) 77 (033) 66 (030) 92 (034) 135 (041) 75 (033) 53 (027) 24 (017) Formerly married 5568 231 (073) 191 (063) 268 (073) 141 (052) 278 (074) 111 (052) 97 (045) 158 (057) 212 (066) 128 (053) 97 (048) 49 (035) Never married 1172 214 (153) 181 (142) 238 (147) 120 (117) 261 (157) 104 (119) 98 (107) 134 (114) 174 (137) 128 (119) 104 (111) 40 (053)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 244 (052) 179 (045) 285 (054) 87 (034) 289 (055) 98 (040) 84 (037) 107 (038) 165 (045) 113 (041) 88 (035) 36 (023) Women 19072 336 (051) 272 (050) 371 (050) 120 (031) 389 (053) 148 (036) 129 (033) 237 (046) 309 (053) 180 (042) 138 (036) 55 (024)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 27529 290 (040) 218 (039) 331 (044) 99 (028) 345 (046) 120 (031) 106 (029) 168 (036) 237 (043) 145 (034) 109 (028) 42 (019)Black not-Hispanic 2685 393 (113) 352 (120) 401 (124) 141 (077) 387 (107) 180 (089) 153 (102) 275 (121) 310 (127) 217 (109) 184 (104) 82 (059)Asian not-Hispanic 649 219 (244) 202 (240) 294 (281) 120 (209) 263 (276) 143 (237) 93 (178) 215 (236) 269 (254) 131 (209) 111 (172) 52 (123)Hispanic 2015 270 (108) 268 (122) 298 (119) 140 (087) 321 (113) 144 (085) 109 (079) 219 (116) 254 (133) 153 (100) 134 (096) 63 (065)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 19: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

19 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Poverty status5

Poor 2479 454 (117) 408 (125) 480 (131) 186 (088) 488 (125) 227 (094) 178 (088) 326 (110) 380 (130) 268 (106) 217 (099) 103 (074) Near poor 6083 390 (082) 317 (075) 432 (081) 142 (055) 436 (081) 167 (062) 139 (058) 242 (072) 328 (083) 204 (074) 150 (063) 54 (038) Not poor 12791 233 (056) 167 (049) 279 (059) 79 (035) 305 (060) 96 (038) 85 (035) 127 (045) 196 (056) 109 (041) 78 (035) 29 (022)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 268 (047) 194 (042) 308 (049) 89 (026) 324 (050) 106 (031) 96 (031) 152 (037) 220 (051) 128 (036) 95 (031) 34 (019)

Medicare and other public only 1989 528 (138) 495 (133) 583 (150) 234 (117) 573 (142) 291 (135) 224 (132) 435 (136) 502 (152) 365 (144) 306 (134) 135 (098) Medicare only 7953 318 (074) 262 (074) 339 (081) 117 (047) 354 (072) 142 (053) 119 (051) 197 (061) 253 (074) 168 (064) 130 (055) 60 (036)

Marital status7

Currently married 18456 242 (047) 177 (043) 285 (050) 93 (032) 304 (055) 103 (036) 89 (032) 127 (039) 196 (047) 116 (036) 86 (032) 34 (021) Formerly married 13160 375 (054) 308 (058) 405 (058) 125 (036) 406 (054) 161 (043) 142 (042) 258 (053) 319 (058) 202 (049) 159 (043) 65 (031) Never married 1177 306 (147) 256 (143) 353 (154) 107 (096) 347 (158) 122 (106) 94 (096) 211 (125) 262 (147) 167 (124) 139 (120) 51 (072)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 182 (063) 131 (053) 219 (064) 72 (040) 246 (066) 80 (046) 68 (039) 78 (042) 128 (053) 80 (046) 62 (039) 24 (023) Women 9760 260 (059) 210 (056) 288 (060) 107 (042) 331 (067) 114 (044) 98 (038) 172 (054) 243 (062) 125 (046) 92 (042) 37 (026)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 14440 216 (047) 160 (045) 251 (051) 87 (034) 290 (058) 93 (036) 82 (032) 115 (038) 181 (049) 98 (037) 71 (035) 27 (020)Black not-Hispanic 1578 330 (145) 284 (147) 336 (157) 120 (093) 342 (142) 141 (089) 119 (102) 221 (126) 254 (146) 167 (118) 140 (115) 56 (069)Asian not-Hispanic 378 122 (242) 120 (280) 216 (332) 77 (241) 192 (336) 92 (282) 49 (165) 136 (277) 202 (343) 78 (242) 45 (143) 26 (094)Hispanic 1287 207 (141) 209 (140) 232 (140) 114 (113) 265 (150) 110 (105) 75 (093) 170 (113) 205 (140) 107 (108) 88 (103) 45 (072)

Poverty status5

Poor 1284 398 (167) 363 (170) 429 (177) 175 (131) 457 (180) 204 (135) 154 (113) 290 (156) 332 (163) 233 (148) 182 (135) 86 (099) Near poor 2897 315 (114) 267 (110) 362 (118) 139 (087) 396 (113) 154 (088) 127 (081) 206 (097) 295 (120) 158 (094) 113 (079) 45 (047) Not poor 7594 180 (066) 125 (053) 216 (064) 69 (040) 264 (072) 75 (039) 67 (038) 86 (044) 152 (061) 75 (043) 53 (037) 17 (018)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 198 (054) 139 (050) 229 (055) 75 (033) 272 (063) 79 (035) 70 (031) 99 (038) 162 (053) 83 (038) 61 (034) 19 (018)

Medicare and other public only 1036 490 (205) 453 (202) 542 (208) 218 (169) 536 (202) 268 (183) 188 (159) 399 (203) 468 (218) 320 (201) 252 (193) 112 (121) Medicare only 4190 233 (095) 192 (089) 255 (104) 103 (062) 295 (099) 105 (067) 95 (063) 139 (075) 195 (090) 113 (070) 81 (061) 42 (044)

Marital status7

Currently married 11595 196 (056) 145 (050) 234 (056) 83 (038) 271 (065) 85 (040) 74 (037) 99 (041) 165 (054) 89 (041) 65 (037) 24 (022) Formerly married 5368 280 (075) 230 (075) 300 (079) 108 (048) 332 (082) 126 (052) 107 (047) 189 (067) 243 (073) 136 (055) 103 (050) 44 (034) Never married 629 245 (184) 215 (171) 298 (203) 101 (123) 322 (207) 104 (132) 77 (109) 159 (160) 208 (184) 138 (149) 121 (140) 55 (105)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 20: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

20 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Pushing or Walking Walking up Standing for Sitting for Stooping or Carrying pulling

Selected characteristic Population 14 mile 10 steps 2 hours 2 hours bending Reaching Grasping 10 pounds large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

Number in75ndash84 years thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 296 (093) 211 (081) 343 (101) 95 (066) 324 (098) 112 (072) 93 (069) 123 (071) 189 (082) 136 (069) 102 (059) 44 (044) Women 7170 375 (080) 297 (077) 418 (082) 126 (047) 420 (081) 161 (057) 143 (056) 270 (071) 341 (078) 196 (061) 151 (057) 59 (035)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 10294 333 (066) 246 (062) 382 (073) 106 (045) 378 (069) 133 (052) 117 (049) 196 (058) 268 (066) 162 (051) 120 (043) 46 (029)Black not-Hispanic 869 462 (198) 422 (203) 473 (203) 149 (150) 422 (195) 207 (163) 174 (175) 314 (211) 357 (207) 259 (198) 215 (180) 107 (116)Asian not-Hispanic 205 304 (510) 248 (462) 335 (555) 140 (315) 292 (482) 149 (398) 104 (271) 271 (509) 314 (496) 195 (373) 161 (393) 50 (171)Hispanic 593 340 (222) 326 (205) 375 (232) 171 (174) 382 (227) 173 (154) 149 (186) 271 (216) 299 (209) 197 (182) 184 (187) 84 (130)

Poverty status5

Poor 892 488 (205) 427 (200) 505 (213) 205 (148) 499 (199) 239 (150) 189 (154) 343 (184) 396 (211) 265 (184) 226 (175) 100 (121) Near poor 2500 423 (138) 334 (123) 462 (145) 137 (085) 450 (136) 161 (095) 138 (091) 250 (118) 334 (133) 219 (117) 158 (097) 61 (059) Not poor 4308 278 (094) 199 (082) 339 (106) 84 (063) 341 (104) 116 (072) 97 (064) 163 (089) 238 (098) 136 (075) 97 (065) 35 (043)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 312 (075) 223 (065) 367 (082) 97 (047) 361 (076) 123 (054) 112 (054) 181 (063) 256 (078) 146 (058) 106 (047) 39 (033)

Medicare and other public only 724 542 (237) 505 (226) 598 (228) 244 (210) 592 (235) 284 (202) 234 (205) 446 (222) 506 (239) 383 (231) 324 (233) 132 (159) Medicare only 2828 370 (131) 298 (122) 389 (127) 121 (073) 383 (120) 161 (090) 126 (087) 224 (105) 280 (114) 190 (098) 150 (089) 70 (061)

Marital status7

Currently married 6030 298 (089) 214 (081) 355 (099) 103 (061) 352 (101) 126 (066) 108 (064) 161 (074) 233 (084) 147 (066) 109 (055) 48 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (078) 316 (078) 427 (082) 125 (052) 418 (075) 158 (063) 142 (060) 263 (077) 327 (081) 200 (068) 157 (064) 61 (038) Never married 414 330 (273) 265 (259) 384 (287) 108 (161) 339 (278) 129 (193) 107 (178) 234 (225) 304 (276) 175 (220) 127 (183) 31 (082)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 494 (207) 393 (194) 534 (198) 164 (156) 454 (220) 176 (170) 167 (154) 263 (192) 339 (209) 273 (193) 232 (189) 96 (129) Women 2142 599 (139) 503 (143) 631 (137) 159 (108) 561 (132) 264 (122) 226 (126) 457 (144) 542 (151) 403 (152) 324 (152) 126 (097)

Race and Hispanic origin4

White not-Hispanic 2795 552 (130) 442 (125) 589 (127) 143 (091) 515 (124) 215 (110) 193 (107) 366 (131) 451 (142) 348 (134) 277 (127) 107 (086)Black not-Hispanic 238 628 (377) 593 (338) 615 (304) 255 (329) 574 (369) 349 (381) 317 (369) 533 (400) 557 (389) 428 (358) 387 (405) 163 (262)Asian not-Hispanic 66 615 (983) 579 (923) 669 (901) 316 (1032) 613 (954) 431 (1109) 316 (909) 554 (982) 544 (961) 323 (1066) 398 (1060) 213 (785)Hispanic 135 612 (535) 644 (472) 652 (467) 268 (494) 615 (472) 356 (499) 273 (426) 504 (552) 582 (515) 475 (579) 432 (620) 159 (358)

Poverty status5

Poor 303 626 (344) 561 (326) 638 (296) 180 (237) 592 (307) 296 (277) 246 (268) 441 (319) 561 (340) 448 (348) 353 (352) 186 (259) Near poor 686 607 (237) 477 (233) 640 (222) 177 (209) 560 (217) 244 (199) 196 (192) 379 (231) 456 (238) 354 (231) 281 (228) 66 (115) Not poor 890 507 (259) 395 (254) 574 (248) 142 (172) 482 (235) 185 (210) 186 (202) 329 (247) 409 (279) 289 (256) 219 (226) 103 (166)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 21: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

21 Table 2 Number of adults aged 55 years and over and percentage (with standard errors) who had some difficulty with physical or social functioning by selected characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Physical and social activities that are at least somewhat difficult1

Selected characteristic Population Walking 14 mile

Walking up 10 steps

Standing for 2 hours

Sitting for 2 hours

Stooping or bending Reaching Grasping

Carrying 10 pounds

Pushing or pulling

large objects Shopping Socializing Relaxing

85 years and overmdashCon Number in thousands2 Percent3 (standard error)

Health insurance coverage6

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 535 (157) 419 (149) 572 (158) 134 (106) 492 (155) 200 (125) 184 (126) 359 (160) 442 (174) 331 (147) 263 (142) 99 (095)

Medicare and other public only 229 685 (421) 681 (408) 745 (365) 275 (409) 690 (363) 421 (421) 362 (422) 588 (415) 656 (413) 546 (451) 516 (451) 255 (391) Medicare only 935 587 (211) 496 (217) 601 (198) 173 (174) 546 (212) 257 (195) 211 (177) 396 (226) 468 (239) 376 (237) 311 (230) 115 (137)

Marital status7

Currently married 831 496 (261) 387 (237) 512 (254) 156 (177) 432 (271) 182 (213) 161 (177) 281 (245) 383 (278) 298 (243) 241 (245) 86 (148) Formerly married 2284 586 (135) 493 (136) 630 (129) 164 (101) 558 (125) 254 (117) 226 (118) 425 (138) 505 (140) 384 (141) 313 (137) 127 (098) Never married 134 553 (521) 434 (537) 549 (546) 129 (324) 507 (535) 184 (384) 134 (324) 409 (496) 418 (556) 303 (475) 274 (533) 88 (279)

Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1In a series of questions respondents were asked if they experienced difficulty performing one or more of the nine physical and three social activities by themselves and without using any special equipment The activities included walking a quarter of amile (or three city blocks) standing for 2 hours stooping bending or kneeling climbing 10 steps without resting sitting for two hours reaching over onersquos head using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (suchas a bag of groceries) and pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) going out to things like shopping movies or sporting events participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs and meetings going to partiesdoing things to relax at home or for leisure (reading watching TV sewing listening to music) The response categories consisted of lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquoThe estimates shown include adults who responded lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo2Includes adults with unknown health characteristics3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)4Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes5Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater6Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaidother publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Servicecoverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of the nearuniversal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately7Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 22: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

22 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number inthousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 948 (013) 392 (036) 533 (033) 602 (038) 915 (016) 211 (024) 47 (013)55ndash64 years 25310 926 (022) 192 (037) 384 (046) 649 (048) 886 (027) 184 (033) 21 (014)65 years and over 33219 965 (014) 545 (044) 646 (038) 565 (047) 937 (018) 232 (033) 67 (020)

65ndash74 years 17876 960 (020) 495 (057) 607 (052) 589 (060) 928 (026) 206 (042) 39 (020) 75ndash84 years 12075 970 (020) 609 (066) 695 (061) 559 (071) 947 (026) 249 (050) 79 (032) 85 years and over 3268 970 (037) 589 (113) 676 (110) 460 (118) 949 (053) 318 (109) 170 (088)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 912 (035) 174 (049) 360 (063) 629 (072) 858 (045) 183 (052) 20 (022) Women 13210 938 (027) 209 (051) 406 (064) 667 (061) 911 (035) 185 (043) 21 (017)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 20008 937 (024) 205 (043) 405 (054) 678 (055) 896 (030) 173 (036) 20 (014) Black not-Hispanic 2379 929 (062) 165 (094) 291 (122) 517 (136) 886 (077) 262 (115) 30 (060) Asian not-Hispanic 613 857 (202) 106 (188) 339 (321) 615 (332) 808 (218) 154 (265) dagger Hispanic 1931 835 (101) 107 (100) 284 (131) 535 (151) 814 (113) 195 (112) 20 (037)

Poverty status11

Poor 1694 871 (106) 216 (134) 329 (155) 360 (150) 842 (117) 307 (148) 55 (072) Near poor 2425 882 (081) 233 (121) 340 (126) 420 (142) 839 (098) 265 (118) 34 (050) Not poor 14228 943 (027) 187 (051) 400 (060) 718 (053) 900 (035) 164 (042) 14 (013)

Health insurance coverage12

Private 19443 956 (020) 186 (043) 402 (053) 721 (049) 911 (029) 164 (037) 15 (013) Medicaid or other public 1401 962 (072) 279 (170) 416 (177) 398 (162) 958 (069) 392 (179) 99 (105) Uninsured 2750 678 (116) 120 (089) 208 (111) 371 (134) 661 (128) 168 (097) 08 (034)

Marital status13

Currently married 17845 940 (025) 192 (046) 395 (056) 681 (056) 897 (032) 168 (043) 17 (017) Formerly married 5568 893 (047) 198 (065) 353 (073) 564 (081) 863 (054) 229 (066) 30 (029) Never married 1172 880 (113) 178 (124) 393 (163) 605 (179) 830 (136) 196 (136) 39 (066)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 963 (021) 538 (062) 659 (058) 564 (065) 928 (029) 226 (050) 54 (027) Women 19072 966 (018) 550 (055) 636 (052) 567 (057) 944 (022) 236 (040) 76 (029)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 27529 968 (015) 587 (046) 674 (042) 594 (052) 942 (019) 227 (034) 65 (021) Black not-Hispanic 2685 963 (045) 345 (124) 482 (115) 369 (134) 937 (047) 275 (117) 90 (074) Asian not-Hispanic 649 959 (115) 341 (297) 599 (306) 541 (290) 925 (143) 206 (278) 50 (129) Hispanic 2015 929 (078) 303 (146) 503 (135) 453 (140) 883 (095) 250 (118) 65 (071)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 23: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

23 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Poverty status11

Poor 2479 945 (056) 418 (117) 532 (131) 321 (120) 910 (075) 290 (107) 108 (078) Near poor 6083 964 (027) 535 (091) 615 (081) 404 (083) 930 (038) 268 (073) 76 (041) Not poor 12791 970 (023) 584 (063) 686 (059) 668 (062) 948 (028) 221 (051) 56 (032)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 975 (015) 593 (053) 687 (049) 629 (052) 951 (020) 222 (037) 59 (024) Medicare and other public only 1989 975 (036) 408 (142) 543 (142) 315 (132) 953 (072) 370 (132) 176 (105) Medicare only 7953 947 (033) 474 (077) 578 (072) 480 (077) 909 (040) 221 (066) 64 (035)

Marital status13

Currently married 18456 971 (019) 566 (058) 677 (053) 622 (063) 942 (025) 212 (043) 48 (023) Formerly married 13160 957 (022) 526 (059) 608 (055) 490 (057) 932 (025) 261 (045) 92 (033) Never married 1177 951 (062) 477 (178) 606 (168) 529 (170) 917 (086) 231 (132) 84 (096)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 957 (029) 482 (079) 617 (078) 575 (089) 917 (042) 199 (062) 35 (027) Women 9760 963 (027) 504 (075) 600 (073) 601 (075) 937 (032) 211 (054) 42 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 14440 964 (023) 533 (063) 633 (060) 619 (070) 932 (029) 196 (045) 37 (021) Black not-Hispanic 1578 960 (055) 334 (167) 466 (150) 409 (166) 932 (071) 268 (140) 64 (087) Asian not-Hispanic 378 959 (142) 322 (334) 621 (395) 609 (411) 940 (143) 203 (338) 18 (085) Hispanic 1287 920 (111) 294 (171) 484 (161) 475 (164) 876 (125) 230 (142) 41 (066)

Poverty status11

Poor 1284 938 (092) 371 (161) 489 (174) 342 (160) 891 (118) 273 (150) 75 (081) Near poor 2897 959 (043) 485 (129) 561 (118) 402 (120) 915 (066) 245 (109) 53 (050) Not poor 7594 966 (031) 533 (085) 651 (075) 681 (080) 939 (038) 197 (064) 32 (029)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 971 (022) 536 (071) 647 (068) 658 (070) 942 (029) 192 (050) 34 (023) Medicare and other public only 1036 973 (054) 384 (195) 502 (190) 336 (158) 952 (097) 354 (179) 111 (123) Medicare only 4190 944 (046) 429 (100) 540 (101) 498 (108) 899 (060) 196 (080) 36 (037)

Marital status13

Currently married 11595 968 (024) 513 (070) 638 (068) 629 (078) 933 (034) 189 (049) 32 (024) Formerly married 5368 947 (036) 465 (090) 550 (079) 515 (079) 921 (041) 240 (067) 52 (036) Never married 629 943 (095) 442 (230) 565 (222) 509 (223) 899 (122) 220 (175) 51 (087)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 24: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

24 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in75ndash84 years thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 971 (032) 626 (107) 719 (095) 565 (104) 944 (045) 249 (084) 68 (050) Women 7170 969 (026) 598 (083) 679 (075) 555 (084) 949 (034) 248 (063) 87 (044)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 10294 972 (022) 649 (066) 721 (063) 587 (077) 951 (025) 245 (056) 77 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 969 (067) 379 (238) 510 (214) 338 (179) 953 (075) 283 (210) 105 (131) Asian not-Hispanic 205 962 (167) 362 (519) 614 (438) 485 (491) 935 (224) 217 (463) 61 (250) Hispanic 593 940 (101) 329 (251) 556 (248) 429 (285) 886 (181) 271 (181) 83 (130)

Poverty status11

Poor 892 952 (085) 470 (176) 574 (191) 312 (189) 926 (095) 304 (169) 120 (135) Near poor 2500 969 (040) 576 (131) 661 (126) 417 (130) 943 (055) 281 (106) 76 (061) Not poor 4308 978 (031) 666 (105) 747 (095) 668 (100) 961 (039) 238 (080) 73 (058)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 979 (021) 657 (077) 733 (072) 613 (084) 960 (029) 242 (061) 69 (041) Medicare and other public only 724 979 (056) 434 (229) 575 (218) 298 (244) 946 (111) 371 (209) 220 (180) Medicare only 2828 952 (052) 538 (128) 633 (117) 484 (120) 923 (057) 240 (110) 75 (059)

Marital status13

Currently married 6030 976 (027) 656 (092) 744 (086) 619 (101) 958 (036) 238 (080) 65 (046) Formerly married 5508 964 (031) 566 (086) 647 (082) 491 (087) 936 (038) 259 (065) 93 (048) Never married 414 954 (107) 522 (284) 645 (283) 572 (272) 945 (113) 257 (247) 117 (171)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 969 (064) 566 (195) 702 (176) 482 (199) 938 (097) 324 (201) 132 (146) Women 2142 971 (049) 601 (133) 663 (135) 448 (144) 954 (058) 315 (134) 190 (110)

Race and Hispanic origin10

White not-Hispanic 2795 971 (040) 634 (119) 709 (116) 492 (128) 955 (053) 321 (119) 165 (098) Black not-Hispanic 238 962 (147) 302 (309) 492 (391) 208 (300) 917 (253) 292 (289) 207 (269) Asian not-Hispanic 66 950 (487) 387 (1053) 415 (1030) 294 (945) 815 (832) 186 (621) 200 (806)Hispanic 135 965 (134) 277 (487) 443 (453) 335 (500) 940 (249) 350 (506) 213 (463)

Poverty status11

Poor 303 950 (130) 462 (325) 588 (307) 257 (279) 942 (142) 319 (268) 213 (277) Near poor 686 971 (059) 602 (226) 677 (206) 364 (195) 948 (096) 321 (209) 166 (164) Not poor 890 977 (075) 627 (206) 698 (223) 557 (239) 959 (100) 344 (230) 182 (206)

Health insurance coverage12

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 981 (034) 667 (138) 734 (125) 524 (149) 965 (056) 319 (140) 161 (119) Medicare and other public only 229 976 (110) 440 (401) 628 (383) 270 (368) 979 (110) 442 (397) 332 (381) Medicare only 935 949 (095) 482 (219) 584 (233) 380 (191) 913 (125) 278 (196) 154 (140)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 25: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

25 Table 3 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected measures of health care access health care utilization and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Immunizations Health care contacts in past 12 months Has a regular

source of Pneumonia Flu Emergency Home Selected characteristic Population health care1 (ever)2 (past 12 months)3 Dentist4 Doctor5 room6 care7

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands8 Percent9 (standard error)

Marital status13

Currently married 831 979 (068) 645 (256) 740 (217) 542 (259) 952 (108) 339 (247) 141 (195) Formerly married 2284 966 (047) 573 (124) 653 (135) 427 (133) 949 (060) 315 (118) 183 (101) Never married 134 983 (118) 506 (541) 678 (522) 488 (507) 915 (349) 196 (344) 136 (345)

Estimates preceded by a single asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and less than or equal to 50 These should be interpreted with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precisiondagger Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 and is not shown1Based on the question lsquolsquoIs there a place you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your healthrsquorsquo Includes responses of lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo and lsquolsquomore than one placersquorsquo2Based on the question lsquolsquoHave you ever had a pneumonia shotrsquorsquo3Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months have you had a flu shotrsquorsquo4Based on the question lsquolsquoHow long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist Include all types of dentists including orthodontists oral surgeons and other dental specialists as well as dental hygienistsrsquorsquo5Based on the question lsquolsquoAbout how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own health Include doctors seen while a patient in a hospitalrsquorsquo6Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months how many times have you gone to a hospital emergency room about your own health (This includes emergency room visits that resulted in a hospital admission)rsquorsquo7Based on the question lsquolsquoDuring the past 12 months did you receive care at home from a health care professionalrsquorsquo8Includes adults with unknown utilization characteristics9Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo)10Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are defined as below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes of 100 to lessthan 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons have incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater12Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 yearsthe category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian HealthService coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately13Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 26: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

26 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number inthousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Ages 55 years and over 58529 517 (046) 247 (032) 143 (026) 353 (031) 481 (032) 856 (022)55ndash64 years 25310 576 (060) 281 (048) 172 (040) 306 (042) 442 (050) 793 (036)65 years and over 33219 472 (049) 221 (037) 121 (028) 389 (040) 511 (041) 905 (022)

65ndash74 years 17876 536 (058) 269 (052) 138 (038) 334 (051) 465 (054) 874 (033) 75ndash84 years 12075 434 (071) 187 (052) 109 (040) 424 (063) 538 (064) 931 (032) 85 years and over 3268 270 (113) 82 (058) 72 (064) 560 (118) 666 (108) 974 (032)

55ndash64 years

Sex Men 12100 581 (080) 299 (066) 181 (055) 243 (059) 342 (068) 779 (055) Women 13210 571 (072) 265 (058) 163 (050) 367 (061) 534 (063) 806 (047)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 20008 608 (066) 302 (055) 187 (047) 311 (048) 418 (058) 792 (042) Black not-Hispanic 2379 435 (139) 173 (108) 115 (078) 232 (121) 473 (121) 766 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 613 580 (338) 285 (308) 118 (154) 637 (343) 675 (309) 875 (226) Hispanic10 1931 419 (155) 186 (106) 97 (088) 240 (127) 595 (139) 833 (109)

Poverty status10

Poor 1694 364 (158) 151 (119) 79 (088) 298 (158) 406 (154) 678 (137) Near poor 2425 411 (143) 176 (102) 82 (067) 294 (133) 406 (129) 696 (121) Not poor 14228 663 (070) 324 (063) 214 (053) 300 (055) 432 (066) 813 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private 19443 630 (064) 313 (056) 198 (047) 310 (046) 450 (057) 821 (040) Medicaidother public 1401 302 (156) 111 (107) 63 (079) 274 (155) 389 (164) 677 (147) Uninsured 2750 441 (137) 208 (104) 87 (081) 315 (125) 468 (129) 720 (104)

Marital status12

Currently married 17845 602 (072) 300 (060) 180 (050) 295 (050) 452 (064) 826 (043) Formerly married 5568 509 (085) 238 (068) 154 (063) 329 (073) 403 (070) 700 (068) Never married 1172 529 (173) 228 (143) 148 (118) 325 (184) 522 (168) 794 (136)

65 years and over

Sex Men 14147 526 (065) 267 (054) 144 (045) 342 (062) 344 (058) 895 (035) Women 19072 433 (057) 187 (046) 103 (032) 425 (054) 634 (049) 911 (027)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 27529 493 (054) 232 (041) 127 (031) 397 (043) 493 (047) 907 (025) Black not-Hispanic 2685 317 (121) 127 (088) 72 (062) 295 (117) 562 (119) 872 (071) Asian not-Hispanic 649 593 (308) 323 (332) 148 (227) 640 (317) 699 (271) 947 (121) Hispanic 2015 358 (131) 171 (108) 83 (070) 332 (128) 653 (121) 917 (063)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 27: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

27 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in65 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Poverty status10

Poor 2479 297 (119) 118 (085) 68 (059) 360 (122) 565 (113) 854 (081) Near poor 6083 388 (088) 157 (059) 83 (052) 368 (080) 512 (082) 881 (052) Not poor 12791 586 (069) 288 (061) 165 (047) 393 (063) 462 (063) 915 (035)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 21095 525 (056) 247 (048) 137 (035) 391 (048) 500 (052) 917 (026) Medicare and other public only 1989 272 (135) 100 (093) 54 (059) 355 (141) 570 (139) 855 (092) Medicare only 7953 402 (086) 187 (064) 97 (043) 397 (076) 530 (075) 892 (044)

Marital status12

Currently married 18456 526 (065) 259 (054) 133 (041) 365 (054) 474 (057) 918 (030) Formerly married 13160 402 (060) 169 (040) 104 (032) 420 (055) 560 (054) 888 (037) Never married 1177 419 (174) 200 (128) 107 (091) 426 (171) 591 (169) 901 (099)

65ndash74 years

Sex Men 8116 572 (078) 304 (073) 157 (058) 278 (075) 324 (074) 865 (050) Women 9760 506 (070) 240 (064) 121 (043) 382 (067) 581 (073) 882 (041)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 14440 562 (065) 286 (058) 145 (044) 341 (055) 440 (062) 875 (038) Black not-Hispanic 1578 378 (153) 167 (123) 93 (087) 243 (136) 522 (150) 834 (107) Asian not-Hispanic 378 663 (347) 348 (394) 157 (290) 610 (415) 661 (427) 941 (158) Hispanic 1287 409 (169) 202 (150) 97 (094) 293 (143) 642 (154) 905 (084)

Poverty status10

Poor 1284 329 (162) 135 (118) 77 (091) 309 (162) 500 (183) 804 (134) Near poor 2897 432 (124) 200 (099) 94 (081) 310 (104) 455 (123) 831 (092) Not poor 7594 639 (079) 334 (081) 177 (061) 342 (079) 437 (084) 895 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 11326 592 (070) 303 (068) 156 (051) 337 (061) 454 (068) 890 (039) Medicare and other public only 1036 311 (186) 116 (138) 69 (096) 303 (182) 509 (193) 805 (139) Medicare only 4190 465 (117) 225 (090) 111 (069) 334 (109) 481 (104) 855 (068)

Marital status12

Currently married 11595 567 (077) 291 (069) 143 (051) 325 (065) 459 (070) 898 (039) Formerly married 5368 479 (083) 225 (066) 128 (049) 350 (074) 472 (082) 829 (062) Never married 629 464 (226) 243 (189) 115 (125) 349 (228) 530 (249) 867 (157)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 28: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

28 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in75ndash84 years thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Sex Men 4905 494 (111) 242 (089) 135 (071) 394 (098) 349 (105) 927 (052) Women 7170 392 (082) 150 (061) 91 (044) 446 (084) 668 (070) 934 (038)

Race and Hispanic origin9 White not-Hispanic 10294 454 (077) 197 (057) 115 (044) 427 (070) 524 (070) 932 (034) Black not-Hispanic 869 260 (171) 81 (110) 49 (102) 351 (193) 586 (219) 915 (115) Asian not-Hispanic 205 568 (605) 321 (587) 137 (276) 675 (545) 720 (493) 962 (183) Hispanic 593 288 (208) 129 (161) 62 (106) 391 (251) 669 (213) 938 (107)

Poverty status10

Poor 892 279 (179) 104 (126) 63 (095) 388 (209) 598 (181) 890 (114) Near poor 2500 367 (134) 131 (087) 76 (072) 383 (130) 542 (127) 916 (066) Not poor 4308 543 (114) 247 (094) 152 (081) 445 (103) 482 (104) 937 (052)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 7796 477 (086) 207 (067) 123 (049) 425 (076) 528 (082) 942 (035) Medicare and other public only 724 259 (198) 101 (136) 39 (071) 402 (240) 604 (234) 887 (151) Medicare only 2828 378 (128) 168 (098) 88 (071) 432 (124) 557 (126) 925 (063)

Marital status12

Currently married 6030 475 (108) 219 (088) 120 (064) 415 (095) 493 (100) 949 (041) Formerly married 5508 393 (083) 155 (059) 97 (049) 431 (084) 586 (077) 911 (049) Never married 414 399 (293) 162 (192) 113 (159) 477 (267) 633 (254) 935 (128)

85 years and over

Sex Men 1126 339 (204) 116 (126) 91 (128) 579 (207) 477 (193) 972 (059) Women 2142 234 (120) 65 (056) 62 (070) 549 (135) 766 (111) 974 (036)

Race and Hispanic origin9

White not-Hispanic 2795 286 (122) 84 (061) 77 (071) 573 (127) 654 (118) 977 (032) Black not-Hispanic 238 124 (254) 32 (103) 24 (114) 442 (389) 743 (345) 970 (110) Asian not-Hispanic 66 286 (888) 193 (759) 131 (655) 694 (1009) 863 (755) 929 (593)Hispanic 135 188 (424) 63 (259) 43 (201) 455 (517) 700 (517) 947 (198)

Poverty status10

Poor 303 219 (262) 86 (182) 40 (114) 500 (291) 745 (256) 957 (120) Near poor 686 283 (215) 73 (117) 60 (098) 561 (239) 643 (217) 965 (070) Not poor 890 337 (235) 96 (131) 121 (150) 573 (236) 582 (240) 982 (047)

Health insurance coverage11

Private (with and without Medicare) 1972 327 (147) 93 (075) 86 (088) 563 (152) 656 (138) 980 (039) Medicare and other public only 229 138 (249) 26 (106) 35 (133) 438 (430) 743 (375) 977 (114) Medicare only 935 192 (177) 80 (120) 56 (098) 579 (205) 672 (225) 961 (080)

See footnotes at end of table

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 29: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

29 Table 4 Number and percentage (with standard errors) of adults aged 55 years and over by selected health behaviors and other characteristics United States average annual 2000ndash2003mdashCon

Health behavior

Any leisure-time Regular physical activity leisure-time Strengthening Healthy Never Nonsmoker

Selected characteristic Population (regular and irregular)1 physical activity2 activity3 weight4 smoked5 (never and former)6

Number in 85 years and overmdashCon thousands7 Percent8 (standard error)

Marital status12

Currently married 831 335 (248) 109 (150) 95 (158) 562 (264) 544 (241) 978 (056) Formerly married 2284 246 (110) 71 (057) 65 (063) 556 (132) 707 (118) 973 (037) Never married 134 274 (475) 111 (370) 54 (227) 631 (489) 745 (463) 951 (315)

Data preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30 and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision1Any leisure-time physical activity includes all adults who indicated they engaged in either vigorous or moderate physical activities regardless of frequency or duration It is based on the same four questions as regular activity2Regular activity consists of usually engaging in vigorous leisure-time physical activities at least three times a week for at least 20 minutes each time or moderate activities five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time It is based on four questionsthat asked about frequency and duration of vigorous and of moderate leisure-time physical activities 3Strengthening activities include weight lifting calisthenics or any activities designed to strengthen muscles These may overlap with moderate and vigorous activities 4Healthy weight is a body mass index value of greater than 185 and less than 25 based on self-reported height and weight (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 5lsquolsquoNever smokedrsquorsquo includes adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetimes 6Nonsmokers are adults who have never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (never smoked) or had smoked 100 cigarettes but were not smoking as of the date of the interview (former smokers) 7Includes adults with unknown health behaviors 8Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percents (see lsquolsquoTechnical Notesrsquorsquo) 9Races shown are single race only Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Other race categories are not shown separately due to small sample sizes 10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons are those with family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that were 200 of the poverty threshold or greater 11Health insurance coverage differs for persons above and below age 65 years The category lsquolsquoprivate insurancersquorsquo includes all adults who have private coverage regardless of age or any additional coverage they may have For persons under age 65 years the category lsquolsquoMedicaid or other publicrsquorsquo includes those with Medicaid or other public health insurance coverage (eg most State-sponsored coverage) The category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo indicates no health insurance coverage Persons with only Indian Health Service coverage are considered uninsured Among persons aged 65 years and over public insurance may be combined with Medicare coverage The category lsquolsquoMedicare onlyrsquorsquo includes adults who have no other health insurance coverage Because of thenear universal coverage due to Medicare the category lsquolsquouninsuredrsquorsquo includes very few adults and is not shown separately12Marital status categories include married (living with or without spouse) formerly married (widowed divorced separated) and never married Adults living with a partner are not shown separately due to small sample size

NOTE Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

Advance D

ata No 370 +

April 11 2006

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 30: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

30 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Table I Completed interviews and response rates by year National Health Interview Survey 2000ndash2003

Interviews and rates 2000 2001 2002 2003

Completed interviews

Household 38633 Family or person 39264 Sample adult 32374

Final response rates

Household 889 Family or person 873 Sample adult 721

Number

38932 39633 33326

36161 36831 31044

35921 36573 30852

Percent

889 876 738

896 881 743

892 879 742

Technical notes

Sample design

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross-sectional household interview survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population Data are collected continuously throughout the year in all 50 States and the District of Columbia NHIS uses a multi-stage clustered sample design that allows production of national estimates for a variety of health indicators Information on basic health topics is collected for all household members by proxy from one family member if necessary Additional information is collected from one randomly sampled adult and about one randomly sampled child in each family Self-response is required for the Sample Adult questionnaire except in the rare cases of sample adults who are physically or mentally incapable of responding for themselves Interviews are conducted in the home using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) questionnaire with telephone followup permitted if necessary

Response rates

The household response rate for the NHIS data years 2000ndash2003 was 891 The final response rate for the Sample Adult component of the National Health Interview Survey was 736 NHIS interviews were completed for 127596 sample adults aged 18 years and over of whom 39990 were aged 55 years and over Response rates for single years are shown in Table I Procedures used in calculating response rates for combined data years are described in detail in Appendix I of the Survey Description of the NHIS data files (28ndash31)

Item nonresponse

Item nonresponse for each of the sociodemographic indicators was less than 1 with the exception of questions related to income Item nonresponse for detailed income was about 195 Estimates for persons with unknown sociodemographic characteristics are not shown separately in the tables but are included in the totals and in all other

variables for which data were reported Item nonresponse for the health-related variables was less than 3 The denominators for percents shown in Tables 1ndash4 exclude persons for whom the relevant information was not reported

Tests of significance

Statistical tests performed to assess the significance of differences between percentages were two-tailed with no adjustments for multiple comparisons The test statistic used was

|Xa ndash Xb|Z = radicSa

2 + Sb 2

where Xa and Xb are the two percents being compared and Sa and Sb are the standard errors of the percents The critical value used for two-sided tests at the 005 level of significance was 196

Relative standard error

The relative standard error RSE(x) of an estimate x is obtained by dividing the standard error SE(x) of the estimate by the estimate itself This quantity is expressed as a percentage

RSE = 100 (SE (x) ) x

In Tables 1ndash4 estimates having an RSE of more than 30 and up to and including 50 are indicated by an asterisk () and are considered statistically unreliable These should be interpreted with extreme caution Estimates having an RSE of more than

50 if any are indicated with a dagger (dagger) and are not shown

Definition of terms

Demographic terms

AgemdashThe age recorded for each person is the age at the last birthday Age is recorded in single years and grouped in the tables shown in this report

Health insurance coveragemdashClassification of health insurance coverage differs for adults above and below age 65 years For adults aged 55ndash64 years three categories of insurance status were used private coverage public coverage only such as Medicaid and uninsured For adults aged 65 years and over for whom Medicare coverage is nearly universal very few persons are completely uninsured although a substantial number have Medicare-only coverage For each of the age groups that are 65 years and over the health insurance categories used are private coverage (with and without Medicare) Medicare combined with other public coverage (such as Medicaid) and Medicare only

Marital statusmdashMarital status categories shown are 1) currently married which can include legal marriage or common law with spouses living together or apart 2) formerly married which includes divorced separated or widowed adults and 3) never married adults The category lsquolsquoliving with a partnerrsquorsquo though identified in NHIS is not shown due to the small number of older adults

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 31: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

31 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

identifying themselves as living with a partner

Poverty statusmdashPoverty status is based on family income and family size using the US Census Bureaursquos poverty thresholds lsquolsquoPoorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes below the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNear poorrsquorsquo persons had family incomes of 100 to less than 200 of the poverty threshold lsquolsquoNot poorrsquorsquo persons had incomes that are 200 of the poverty threshold or greater

Race and Hispanic originmdashRace and Hispanic origin are combined into a single measure in this report Anyone with any Hispanic or Latino origin (including persons of Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central and South American or Spanish origins) were classified as Hispanic The race categories were limited to the three largest single race groups due to issues of statistical reliability with the smaller groups Data for single race persons other than non-Hispanic black non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asian and for multiple race persons though not shown separately are included in the analysis for all other variables

Health terms

Fair or poor healthmdashFair or poor health status is a measure of respondent-assessed health usually reported by the individual but may be reported by proxy Family respondents were asked to assess the health status of each family member Response options were excellent very good good fair or poor The last two categories were combined for this report

Hearing impairmentmdashAdults were asked to describe their hearing without use of a hearing aid The response categories consisted of lsquolsquogoodrsquorsquo lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo and lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo Adults who responded lsquolsquoa little troublersquorsquo lsquolsquoa lot of troublersquorsquo or lsquolsquodeafrsquorsquo were classified as having hearing impairment

Heart diseasemdashIn separate questions respondents were asked if they ever had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had coronary heart disease angina pectoris heart attack or any other heart condition or disease Persons who had any of

these conditions were classified as having heart disease

Physical and social activitiesmdash Physical and social activities include 12 types of activities 1) walking a quarter of a mile (or 3 city blocks) 2) standing for 2 hours 3) stooping bending kneeling 4) climbing 10 steps without resting 5) sitting for 2 hours 6) reaching over onersquos head 7) using onersquos fingers to grasp or handle small objects 8) lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of groceries) 9) pushing or pulling a large object (such as a living room chair) 10) going shopping going to movies or attending sporting events 11) participating in social activities such as visiting friends attending clubs or meetings or going to parties and 12) activities to relax at home or for leisure (such as reading watching television sewing or listening to music) For each of these activities respondents were asked if by themselves and without the use of special equipment the activity was lsquolsquonot at all difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquoonly a little difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquocanrsquot do at allrsquorsquo or lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo The estimates shown include responses of lsquolsquosomewhat difficultrsquorsquo lsquolsquovery difficultrsquorsquo or lsquolsquocannot do at allrsquorsquo Adults who said lsquolsquodo not do this activityrsquorsquo were excluded from the analysis

Vision impairmentmdashAdults were classified as having vision impairment if they answered lsquolsquoyesrsquorsquo to the question lsquolsquoDo you have any trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lensesrsquorsquo

Health behavior terms

Healthy (body) weightmdashis defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 18 and less than 25 Body mass index is based on self-reported height and weight and calculated using the formula

Body Mass Index (BMI) = kg(m2) where kg (kilograms) = weight in pounds2205 and m (meters) = height in inches3937

Cigarette smoking statusmdashwas based on lifetime and current use of cigarettes Never smokers are adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their

entire lifetime Nonsmokers include never smokers (adults who had never smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and former smokers (adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently smoking)

Leisure-time physical activitymdashis based on responses to questions on frequency of participation in vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes and frequency of participation in light or moderate physical activity lasting at least 10 minutes Adults who said they ever engaged in either type of activity regardless of frequency or duration were considered to have engaged in lsquolsquoany leisure-time physical activityrsquorsquo

Regular leisure-time physical activitymdashis engaging in vigorous activity at least three times per week for at least 20 minutes each time or engaging in light-moderate leisure-time physical activity five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time

Strengthening activitiesmdashinclude activities such as weight lifting or doing calisthenics regardless of frequency or duration These activities may overlap with other leisure-time physical activities

The complete NHIS Sample Adult questionnaire as well as information about other components of the NHIS is available at httpwwwcdcgovnchsnhishtm

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables
Page 32: Health Characteristics of Adults Years of Age and Over: · PDF file · 2016-01-26Health Characteristics of Adults 55 Years of Age and Over ... Objective—This report highlights the

32 Advance Data No 370 + April 11 2006

Suggested citation

Schoenborn CA Vickerie JL Powell-Griner E Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over United States 2000ndash2003 Advance data from vital and health statistics no 370 Hyattsville MD National Center for Health Statistics 2006

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source however is appreciated

National Center for Health Statistics

DirectorEdward J Sondik PhD

Acting Co-Deputy DirectorsJennifer H Madans PhD

Michael H Sadagursky

US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH amp HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville Maryland 20782

MEDIA MAILPOSTAGE amp FEES PAID

CDCNCHSPERMIT NO G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

To receive this publication regularly contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1-866-441-NCHS (6247) E-mail nchsquerycdcgov Internet wwwcdcgovnchs

DHHS Publication No (PHS) 2006-1250 06-0086 (306) CS101095 T24866

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Data source
      • Measurement
      • Statistical analysis
          • Results
            • Health status and conditions ( Table 1)
              • Health status
              • Hypertension
              • Heart disease
              • Diabetes
              • Hearing impairment
              • Vision impairment
              • Absence of natural teeth
                • Difficulty with physical and social activities ( Table 2)
                  • Prevalence of difficulties by age
                  • Sociodemographic variations in difficulties
                    • Health care utilization (Table 3)
                      • Regular source of health care
                      • Pneumonia shot
                      • Flu shot
                      • Dental visit
                      • Doctor visit
                      • Emergency room visit
                      • Home care
                        • Health behaviors (Table 4)
                          • Leisure-time physical activity
                          • Regular leisure-time physical activity
                          • Strengthening activities
                          • Healthy weight
                          • Cigarette smoking never smoked
                          • Cigarette smoking nonsmokers
                              • Discussion
                              • Conclusions
                              • References
                              • Technical notes
                                • Sample design
                                  • Response rates
                                  • Item nonresponse
                                  • Tests of significance
                                  • Relative standard error
                                    • Definition of terms
                                      • Demographic terms
                                      • Health terms
                                      • Health behavior terms
                                          • Tables