eHighway

Electrified heavy duty road transport, Benjamin Wickert

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04.10.2017 Page 2 Wickert | MO TI EH

GHG-emissions of road freight transport are becoming an

increasing challenge for the decarbonization

3) Prognosticated growth

in road freight transport • Global road freight transport is going to

grow by 300% between 2015 and 2050

• In Germany road freight transport grew

between 2015 and 2016 by 2.8%

1) Reductions goals of

GHG-emissions by 2050 • Economy wide goal of the German

government: reduction by 80% to 95%

(basis 1990)

• Transport-sector: reduction of 98%

necessary

4) Modal split of freight

transport in 2050 • German freight approx. 60% on road

• By using the maximum of shift potentials,

rail freight is growing up to 30% by 2050

2) Transport sector as GHG-

emitter • 20% of all GHG-emissions generated by

transport sector

• Increase by 5.4 m. tons emissions in

Germany`s transport sector in 2016

Sources: Klimaschutzbeitrag des Verkehrs bis 2050, Umweltbundesamt, Texte 56/2016, Juni 2016;

Erarbeitung einer fachlichen Strategie zur Energieversorgung des Verkehrs bis zum Jahr 2050, Umweltbundesamt, Texte 72/2016, November 2016

ITF Transport Outlook 2017, Januar 2017

Umweltbundesamt, Pressemitteilung Nr. 09 vom 20.03.2017

The

Challenge

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Swift integration into existing infrastructure

System is safe, reliable and easy to maintain

Long lifecycle

Compatible with other alternative fuel technologies

Scalable

Able to achieve 100% decarbonization

High efficiency Economical

Little to no impact on standard operation Interoperable

The

Solution

Requirements for the optimal solution for decarbonization

of road freight transport

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Alternative concepts for climate-friendly road freight transport

Investigated concepts comprise external power supply and on-board storage systems

External power supply On-board storage

Ground-based contact line Inductive power supply

Linear s. motor concepts Overhead contact line

Battery

Fuel cell

Capacitors

Conductive Contactless Alternative fuels Electricity

CNG / LNG

Bio fuels

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Pathway Range

Cost per km

Efficiency

WTW

Example

vehicle

Electric Road Systems

60 km

19 ct/km 77%

Battery

48 km

20 ct/km 62%

Hydrogen

24 km

55 ct/km 29%

Power-to-Gas

17 km

70 ct/km 20%

Zero emission trucks are possible with renewable energy,

but efficiency varies greatly

2 kWh/km

eTruck (Battery)

e- e-

Grid

96 kWh

10 ct/kWh

1,6 kWh/km

eTruck (Catenary-Hybrid)

e- Grid (incl.

catenary)

96 kWh

e-

12 ct/kWh

1) Including storage

Source: German Ministry of Environment

100 kWh

6.0 ct/kWh H2-

network1)

CH2- fuel

station

Fuel cell

truck

Electro-lysis ŋ = 70%

e- H2 H2 CH2

65 kWh

20 ct/kWh

65 kWh

18 ct/kWh

65 kWh

15 ct/kWh

93 kWh

5 kWh 2 kWh

2.7 kWh/km

NG-

network1)

CNG-fuel

station

Gas-

truck

Electro-lysis ŋ = 70%

e- H2 NG CNG

55 kWh

22 ct/kWh

55 kWh

20 ct/kWh

69 kWh

15 ct/kWh

98 kWh

2 kWh

3.2 kWh/km

Methanation ŋ = 80%

CH4

55 kWh

19 ct/kWh

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Relevance of efficiency in transport- and energy transition

Electricity demand for indirect und direct electrification of the transport sector depending on efficiency of propulsion system in 2050

Source: Agora Verkehrswende (2017), p. 64; Öko-Institut (2016), p. 20; AGEB (2016); Renewbility III (2016); Fraunhofer ISE (2017)

• Electricity demand of the transport sector in 2050 would be

approx. 41% over the gross electricity production in 2016 within

the scenario of fuels from electricity, which only have a low

Well-to-wheel (WTW) efficiency of 20-25%.

• Whereas the electricity demand of the transport sector within the

scenario with direct use of electricity (e.g. through the use of

Overhead-Trucks with a WTW efficiency of approx. 80-85%)

would be below the gross electricity production in 2016.

* The remaining reduction of 263 TWh towards fuels from electricity are primary resulting through the use of BEV, electric busses/trains and electric delivery vehicles.

** Based on an expansion of the overhead-cantenary-infrastructure on german highways of 8.000km (both directions) and a percentage of 64% of road freight transport to be electric .

*** Through the fact that in both scenarios fuels from electricity would be used in air- and water transport, the energy demand of the scenario with direct use of energy

is still at a very high figure of 542 TWh unless there are no further efficiency improvements.

Efficiency of solutions for the decarbonization of the

transport sector play an elementary role in future

transport- and energy transition.

Only efficient solutions with the lowest possible use of

limited resources are going to be able to decarbonize the

transport sector and to guarantee a sufficient energy

supply simultaneously.

- 109 TWh

Share of O-Truck** among the

reduction of 372 TWh*

towards the scenario “fuels

from electricity“:

These reductions are equal to the

German gross electricity production from

on/offshore wind parks and solar panels

in 2016.

Ele

ctr

icity d

em

an

d in

TW

h

Scenario fuels

from electricity

Scenario direct use

of electricity

Direct electricity Electricity based

Gross electricity production German 2016

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eHighway supports a cost and energy efficient energy supply

system thanks to its smooth load profiles

Detailed load profiles from BEV, PHEV and eHighway, and supply though conventional and renewable generation in Germany

• Flexible distributed loads are essential for

an energy supply based mainly on fluctuating

renewable based generation

• The charging of BEV and PHEV vehicles

leads to daily peak loads. eHighway exhibits

a smoother load profile.

• eHighway-enabled trucks using hybrid

drives (e.g. combustion engine using

sustainable biofuels) can contribute to system

peak load reduction (active load

management/deferable load).

• Grid connected eHighway truck systems

enable a more efficient use of energy.

Source: http://www.energieversorgung-elektromobilitaet.de/Kernaussagen.html

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Infrastructure on heavily use roads addresses significant

part of heavy duty vehicle (HDV) emissions

60% of the HDV

emissions occur on 2% of

the road network

(BAB = 12,394 km)

BAB = Federal freeways (12,394 km)

BS = Federal roads (40,400 km)

LS = State roads (86,600 km)

KS = District roads (91,600 km)

GS = Municipal roads (>420,000 km)

The most intensely used

3,966 km handle 60% of

all ton-km on the BAB

Image: HDV density on BAB-network ; Source: Verkehr in Zahlen 2012; TREMOD 2012

BAB

KS

BS

LS

CO2 emissions

from HDV

Length of road

network

GS

Federal

freeways

The analysis of the German road

network leads to the following key

messages:

Focusing first on the main freight

transport routes, a significant

decarbonization step can be achieved.

This approach can be applied all over

the world.

1

2

Urban roads

Non-urban

roads

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How it works - Animation & Reality

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV2yZkRFBK0&t https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPEmBw7bLp8

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Compatible with and complementary to other alternative fuel

technology

Truck types

Drive system

On-board source

of electricity

Non-electrical source

of energy

Combustion

engine

Tractor truck

(2 axles)

Tractor truck

(3 axles)

Rigid truck

(2 axles)

Rigid truck

(3 axles)

Rigid truck

(4 axles)

Parallel-hybrid

Serial-hybrid

Full electric

Battery (small)

Battery (medium)

Battery (large)

Fuel cell

Engine (small)

Engine (medium)

Engine (large)

Diesel

Bio-fuel

CNG/LNG

H2

The eHighway hybrid truck can be configured to suit specific applications

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In comparison to other solutions the eHighway proves its economic

advantages

Fl+: PtL-liquid fuels as central GHG-free energy supply option

E+: Electrical energy as central GHG-free energy supply option (plus Hybrid Fl+)

CH4+: PtG-CH4 as central GHG-free energy supply option

H2+: PtG-H2 as central GHG-free energy supply option

Source: UBA: Erarbeitung einer fachlichen Strategie zur Energieversorgung des Verkehrs bis zum Jahr 2050 (2016)

* The reference scenario is the Fl+ scenario but with conventional fuels. No taxes and environmental benefits are taken into consideration.

Recently published UBA report compares different

energy scenarios and options for a greenhouse-gas-

neutral transport sector in 2050

To reach greenhouse gas (GHG) neutrality in the

transport sector by 2050 scenarios four different energy

supply strategies are developed and compared with

each other

For long haulage the scenario E+ assumes a wide

utilization of OC-GIV (Overhead Catenary Grid-

Integrated Vehicle)

The report verifies that the E+ scenario (corresponding

to the eHighway) has approx. 50% less difference

cost (CAPEX + OPEX) to the next proposed scenario

(FL+) in comparison with the reference scenario*.

Ac

cu

mu

late

d c

os

ts (

20

10

– 2

05

0)

in b

illi

on

€

(co

mp

are

d t

o f

os

sil

fu

els

)

Energy supply Energy

infrastructure Vehicles Total costs

Figure 3-3: Long haul road transport

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Overview of independent studies on scenarios of expansion of

Overhead-Hybrid-Trucks (infrastructure and vehicles)

Penetration of Overhead-Trucks until 2050

Year Country

Expansion of infra-

structure for Overhead-

Trucks on highways

Percentage of Overhead-

Trucks

(lorry)

Percentage of electric

driving performance of

Overhead-Hybrid-Trucks

Study Ref.

2030 Germany 2.000 – 2.500 km 10% (GK4); 25% (HDV) 40% (GK4); 65% (HDV) Fraunhofer IML (2017) p. 7, 149 &

195

2050 Germany 4.000 – 6.000 km 75 – 85 % (GK4 + HDV)

83% (GK4 + HDV) - Fraunhofer IML (2017) p. 7 & 170

2050 Germany 8.000 km 80% (GK4 + HDV) 80% (GK4 + HDV)* Renewbility III – Endbericht (2016) p. 22 & 23

2050 Germany 4.000 km 90 % (GK4 + HDV) 75% (GK4 + HDV)* UBA 72 (2016) p. 31 & 52

2050 Germany 5.700 km - - SRU (2012) p. 239

2050 Germany 10.400 km - 90% (GK4 + HDV) IFEU (2015) p. 60 & 69

2050 Europe >25.000km - 43% (HDV) IRU CVOF (2017) p. 28

2050 Global „a large number“ - 46% (GK2-4 + HDV)* IEA Energy Transition (2017) p. 65 & 72

2050 Global - 36% (GK4 + HDV) - IEA Future of Trucks (2017) p. 126

2050 Global 630.000 km - - Singh ERS (2016) p. 55

* Incl. consideration that trucks are able to drive electric through a small battery on non-electrified roads.

GK4: 12t - 26t

HDV: 26t - >40t

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Funded research projects supplement the currently executed

projects on public roads in Los Angeles and Sweden

Los Angeles – Port Application Sweden – Highway Application

• One mile demonstration as connection

to near-dock rail terminals for cargo

vehicles for at least 6 months

• Primary goal is to promote the

implementation of zero emission

goods movement technologies

• Cooperation with Volvo trucks and

local truck converters

• Two kilometer demonstration on a

public road between industrial area

and port for two years

• Overall aim is to evaluate Electric

Road System options prior to

introduction on road network

• Cooperation with Scania trucks

Projects on Public Roads Research Projects

ENUBA (Germany)

• First research project with BMUB

• Duration: 05/2010 – 09/2011

ENUBA 2 (Germany)

• Second research project with BMUB

• Duration: 05/2012 – 12/2015

ELANO (Germany)

• Third research project with BMUB

• Duration: 01/2016 – 09/2019

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Field Trials in Germany are a necessary next step for the

development of the system

Routing

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Electrified long-haul traffic

Economical and sustainable

alternative for road freight transport

Significant reduction of CO2

emissions

Substantial cost savings for freight

carriers

The potential of the eHighway technology ranges from closed shuttle applications to open highways solutions

Electrified mine transport

Connection of pits and mines to

storage or transit locations

Minimization of harmful emissions

Sustainable, clean and economical

mine operation

Shuttle transport

Solution for high frequency shuttle

transport over short and medium

distances (<50km), i.e. in ports or

industrial areas

Lower fuel consumption and longer

lifetime

Reduction of air and noise pollution

eHighway application cases

The development path of road electrification can echo that of rail electrification a century ago

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Thank you for your attention

Benjamin Wickert

Head of Business Development eHighway

Siemens AG

Mobility

Technology & Innovation

eHighway

Erlangen, Germany

Mobile: +49 (152) 568 60 864

E-mail: benjamin.wickert@siemens.com

www.siemens.com/mobility/ehighway

#eHighway