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8/14/2019 H iu khin nhng - Lu Hng Vit

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http://www.ebook.edu.vn19

Hnh212:Nguynl iukhintchknhtruynhpbus ach vbusd liu

B nh chngtrnhPROM(ProgrammableReadOnlyMemory)

Vng lumchngtrnh.Cbaloib nh PROMthngdng cs dngchoh nhngvs cgiithiulnltsau y.

EPROM

Baogmmtmngcctransistorkh trnh.Mchngtrnhs cghitrctipvvix lc th cra thchin.EPROMcthxo cbngtiacc tmvc thclptrnhli.CutrcvtlcaEPROM cmt nh trongHnh213.

Hnh213:Nguynlcutovhot ngxocaEPROM

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B nhFlashCnggingnh EPROM ccutobimtmngtransistorkh trnhnhngcthxo cbng invchnhvvycthnplichngtrnhmkhngcntchrakhinnphncngVXL. u imcab nh flash lc th lp trnh trc tip trnmchcngmn angthcthitrn .

Hnh214:S nguynlghpniEPROMviVXL

B nh d liu RAM

Vng luhoctrao id liutrunggiantrongqutrnhthchinchngtrnh.

Hnh215:Cutrcnguynlb nh RAM

ChailoiSRAMvDRAM


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Hnh216:Cutrcmtphnt nh DRAM

Hnh217:Nguynlghpni(m rng)RAMviVXL

2.1.5 Khng gian v phn vng a ch

2.1.6 Ngoi vi

B nhthigian/B m

Huhtccchipvi iukhinngynay uctnhtmtb nhthigian/b mcthcuhnhhot nglinhhottheoccmodephcv nhiumc chtrongcc ngdngx l, iukhin.Ccb nhthigianchophptoraccchuixungvngt

thigianhoc mtheocckhongthigiancthlptrnh.Chngthng c ng

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dngphbin trongccnhimv mxung, okhong thigianccs kin,hocnhchuk thigianthcthicctcv.Mttrongnhng ngdngquantrngcabnhthigianltonhptb toxungthchanhchob truynthngdb annghot ng.Thccht l ngdng thchinphpchiatns. t c chnhxc,tnsthchanhthng cchnsaochoccphpchiasnguyn c

thchinchnhxc mbocho tc truyn thngd liu c torachnhxc.Chnhvvyh vi iukhin80C51thnghays dngthchanhctnsdao ngl11.059thayv12MHz toranhphot ngtruynthngtc chun9600.

Hnh218:B nhthi/b m8bitcaAVR

B iukhinngt

Ngtlmts kinxyralmdnghot ngchngtrnhhinti phcv thcthimttcv haymtchngtrnhkhc.C chngtgipCPUlmtngtc pngphcv ccs kintrongchngtrnhhot ngcaVXL/VK.CcVKkhcnhaus nhnghaccnguntongtkhcnhaunhng ucchungmtc chhotngvd nh ngt truyn thngni tip,ngtb nh thigian,ngt cng,ngtngoi...Khimts kinyucungtxuthin,nu cchpnhnCPU s lucttrngthihot ngchochngtrnhhinti angthchinvd nh nidungbmchngtrnh(contr lnh)ccnidungthanhghilud liu iukhinchngtrnhnichung thcthichngtrnhphcv tcv chos kinngt.Thcchtqu trnhngt lCPUnhndng tnhiungt,nu chpnhn s a con tr lnhchngtrnhtr tivngmchachngtrnhphcv tcv ngt.Vvymimtngt ugnvimtvectorngtnh mtcontr luthngtin ach cavngbnh chamchng trnhphcv tcv cangt.CPUs thchinchng trnh


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Hnh222:S nguynlmchchuyn iDAC

Hnh223:S nguynlmchchuyn iADC

VdADC754Ac imk thut: Chtotheocngngh CMOS.

12bitvigiaodintngthchvicc loiVXL/VK8,12v16bit.Cthlptrnh hot ngchuyn i8bithoc12bit. Tnhiud liu ra tng thchvichunTTLvghpni thngqua loicnglogic3trngthi.

Digitr inp uvocth lachnnh cuhnhgitr intr ni uvo nhnccditnhiu(010)V,(020)V,(5+5)V,v(10+10)V.

Cthmkh nngcungcpngunthamchiuniVref=+10V. Nguncungcpcthl+5V,12V,hoc15V Thigianchuyn icc il25svithigiantruynhpbusl150ns.

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Hnh224:S nguynlcutrcADC1754A

Hnh225:S btrchncaChipADC574A

Nguynl iukhinADC574 c iukhinbiccchntnhiunhmt trongbngsau:

Bng1:Tnhiu iukhinADC574A

K hiu nh ngha Chc nng

CE(Pin 6)Chip Enable(active high)

Must be high (1) to either initiate a conversion or read output data. 0-1 edge may be used toinitiate a conversion.

CS (Pin 3)Chip Select(active low)

Must be low (0) to either initiate a conversion or read output data. 1-0 edge may be used toinitiate a conversion.


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Hnh228:S cutrcchcnng8254

2.1.7 Giao din

Giaodinsongsong8bit/16bit

Cccngsongsonglmtdnggiaodinvora nginvphbinnht ktnithngtinvingoivi.Cnhiuloicutrcgiaodinvtl int t dngcngvora nginccCollectorTTLh trongcc ngdngcngmyin nccloicutrcgiaodincngtc caonh ccchunbusIEEE488haySCSI.Huhtccchip iukhinnhngcmtvicngvo rasongsongkh trnh (c thcuhnh).Ccgiaodin phhpvicccngvora nginnh cckhochuyn.Chngcngphhptrongccbitonphcv giaodinktni iukhinvgimsttheoccgiaodinnh kiurlebndn.

Hnh229:Cutrcnguynl inhnhcamtcngvo/ralogic

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Giaodinnitip

USART

Hnh230:Cutrc nginhocaUSART

Hnh231:Modehot ngtruynthng ngb

Hnh232:Modehot ngtruynthngd b


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Hnh238:Gin khichcnngcaDSPTMS320C28xx

2.2.3 PAL

Ngynaykhini nccchngloiChipkh trnhmngtathngbittimtstnginh PAL,CPLD,FPGAMtcht lc s v s ra ivpht trin sau y sgipchngtahnhdung c c imvngungcra icachng.

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Hnh239:CutrcPROMvPLA

Lch s pht trin ca cc chng loiChipkh trnhmngPLA (ProgrammableLogicArray) cbtngunt nguyn lb nh chngtrnhPROM(ProgrammableReadOnlyMemory).Trong cc uvo ach ngvaitrnh cc ngvocamchlogicvcc ngd liura ngvaitrnh cc ngracamchlogic.VPROMkhng thcs phhpchomc chthitkccmch logicnnPLA ra ivouthpk 70.Nrtphhp thchinmchlogiccdngtngcctch(vcuthnhbiccphnt logicANDvOR).Nhngnhc imlchiphsnxutcaov

tc hot ngthp. khcphcnhc imnyPAL(ProgrammableArrayLogic) cphttrin.N ccuthnht ccphnt ANDkh trnhvphnt ORgnc nhvcchac phnt flipflop urannckh nngthcthiccmchlogictunt.Hnh240mt cutrcchungcaPAL.

Hnh240:CutrcchungcaPAL

T khi cra ivphttrinPALtr thnhc s chos ra icahnglotccchngloiChipkh trnhmngvicutrcphctphnnh SPLD(SimpleProgrammable LogicDevice),CPLD (ComplexProgrammable LogicDevice),v sauny lFPGA

(FieldProgrammableGateArray).SPLDcng l tngichonhmccchng loiChip


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5.3 Truyn thng v ng b mboloitr xung ttronghot ngtruynhp ngthicanhiutcv v ch c mt tc v c thc thi ti mi thi im


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5.3.1 Semaphore

Hnh55:Truynthngqutrnh

Semaphores lmtcu trcd liu c nhngha loi tr kh nngxung ttrongqutrnhchias tinguyncacctcv tronghot ngcah thng.

Semaphoresh tr haihot ngchnhnh sau: wait(semaphore):gimvkhochotikhisemaphore cm signal(semaphore): tng v chophp thmmt lungmi c thamgiahot

ngTronghot ngphihpcngvisemaphorecmthng igmcctcv cn cthcthis cmtstnhhunghot ngcbnnh sau: Khimtlung(thread)giwait():

Nusemaphore cm thlung s cgianhpvtiptcthcthi Nu semaphore angb ng thnhnh s b khovphinm chtronghng ichotikhinosemaphore cm

signal()sm semaphore: numtlung angnmtronghng ivkhngb kho nukhngclungnotronghng ivtnhiusignals cnh vdnhcholungtiptheo

CcloiSemaphoreMutexsemaphore

Chophp iukhinhot ngtruynhp nl votinguynchias cah thng.

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v,vch cmttcv cthcthitimithi im.

Countingsemaphore iukhintinguynmcthphcv cngmtlcnhiutcv hocmtnguntinguynchophpphcv mtsnht nhcctcv khng ngb vhot ng ngthi.

NhiulungcthtruynSemaphore Slnglung cquyt nhbibin mNcaSemaphore

Thcchtmutex semaphore lmtdng cbitca counting semaphorevibin mN=1.

ThcthiSemaphore

S dngSemaphoretrongvic ngb haiqutrnhtovs dnghngmc thngquab mtrunggian.

Nhnxt: Semaphores c th c s dng gii quyt bt k mt bi ton hay vn

5.4 X l ngt


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Semaphoresc th cs dng giiquytbtk mtbi tonhayvn ngb truynthngno

Tuynhinchngcmtsnhc imo Chngch yus dngccbintoncctrongvic iukhinhot ng

ngb nncthtruynhpbtk utrongh thngkhkimsoto Khngcs linktchtch giasemaphorevd lium cn iukhin.

o cs dng ngthichoc vicloitr xung t(mutualexclusion)vhot ng ngb chocctcv (scheduling)

5.3.2 Monitor

Monitor lmtngnng lp trnh cxydng iukhinvic truynhpvovngd liuchias tronghot ngcah thng.Mchngtrnh ngb cbsungvotrongbbindchvthcthikhichychngtrnh.

Monitorlmtmodul nggi Cccutrcd liu cchias Ccth tchot ngthaotctrncccutrcd liuchias ngb cclungthcthi ngthimcthkchhotccth tctronghot ngh thng

Monitorcthbov d liukhis truynhpkhngccutrc.N mborngcclungtruynhpvod liuthngquaccth tctngtctheonhngcchhpphpvckimsot.Monitor mboloitr xung t

Ch cmt lungc th thc thibtk th tcno timimt thi im(lungtrongmonitor) Nucmtlung angthcthibntrongmtmonitorns khocclungkhcmunvo,do monitorcngphicmthng i.

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Tnhiu iukhinb VXLkchhotbimts kin thamgia trongqutrnhhotngcah thnglmh thngngngvchuynhngthcthi cgiltnhiungt.Ns ngtb VXLkhihot ngmn angthcthivchuynsangthchinmtcngvickhcphcv chos kinkchhotngttng ng.Vd nh trongqu

trnhthuthpd liu,VXL lunphich ithi im nnhnd liuvs kchhots kinngtCPUmikhicd liuxuthin kpthighid liuvob nh.Saukhihonthnh,CPUphchi litrngthicah thngvtr litiptcthchinchngtrnht thi immnb ngt. ivib x lngt,ns phithchinhainhimv chnh l:(1)Xc nhcs kinngtv(2)nhndngs kinngttrckhitcv phcv ngttng ng ckchhot.Hnh56mt mtchutrnhcbnthchinngttrongcch VXL/VK.

Hnh56:Chutrnhthchinngt

Hnh57:Vd v cutrcphncngx lngt

Ccngunngtngoi/cngcth cnhndngtheokiutnhiungt Theosnxung(ngt ckchhotkhixuthinsnxungdngtichn


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Hnh58:C chthchinth tcngt

Th tckchhotmt tcv phcv s kinngt cm t nh trongHnh58.

Thngthngngitahayquantmnhiu n p ngcaCPUvis kinngtvthigianthchintcv ngt. ythigian p ngph thucvquyt nhbitc vkh nngx lcaphncngcnthigianthchintcv ngtch yuquyt nhbitcv ngt dihayngnvdochngtrnhquyt nh.

Hnh59:Vd v ngunngt(DSPTMS320C2812)

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eo u g ( g o i u i u g g i nhntnhiungt)

Theomc(ngt ckchhotkhixuthinmttnhiuxungmctchcctichnnhntnhiungt)

Mts kinngtcngcth ckchhotch bimthot ng chocvitvomtthanhghithitb ngoivihocccthanhghi iukhinhoctrngthi.

S xung t tranhchpgiaccngunngtcngxuthintimt thi imcthcgiiquytbngmc utinhocktnicngvib x l.Ccngunngtngoicth ctiginvicx lbngs kthpviphnmmvcngchias ccngtnhiungt.C chthchinngtcs tranhchpvgiiquytbngmc utin cmt nh trongHnh510.

Hnh510:C chthchinngttheomc utin


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