hcpi000664_2009
TRANSCRIPT
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HCPI 664/2009
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
PERSONAL INJURIES ACTION NO. 664 OF 2009
_________________________
BETWEEN
WONG HON WAI Plaini!! an"
THE SECRETAR# OF JUSTICE $!%& an" %n
'()al! %! )( G%*(&n+(n %! )( H%n, -%n, SAR
(!(n"an
_________________________
C%&a+ B(!%&( 1a(& 1a&l(n( N, in C)a+'(& $%3(n % )( 3'li5
a( %! H(a&in, 9 F('&a& 2077
a( %! Han"in, %8n (5ii%n 24 F('&a& 2077
______________
E C I S I O N
______________
7. On 76 O5%'(& 2009 )( Plaini!! 5%++(n5(" )( 3&((n
3&%5(("in, a,ain )( (!(n"an !%& "a+a,( !%& 3(&%nal in:&i( an"
!%& %)(& l% an" "a+a,(. T)( Plaini!! 5lai+ )a %n 2; O5%'(& 200<
8)il )( 8a in, )( 8i++in, 3%%l $=P%%l> a )( Tin S)i Wai
S8i++in, P%%l $=C%+3l(?> )( !!(&(" in:&i( a a &(l %! an
a55i"(n $=A55i"(n> an" '(5a+( a @a"&i3l(,i5. H( !&)(& 5lai+ )a
)( A55i"(n 8a 5a(" ' )( n(,li,(n5( an"/%& '&(a5) %! a%&
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" %! )( ,%*(&n+(n )&%,) )( L(i&( an" Cl&al S(&*i5(
(3a&+(n $=LCS> an"/%& %)(& "(3a&+(n 8)i5) 8(&( &(3%ni'l(
!%& )( "(i,n +ana,(+(n %3(&ai%n an" a!!in, %! inter alia )( P%%l.
2. T)( Plaini!! a33li5ai%n '(!%&( +( i !%& 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(& %! "%5+(n. T% 3&%3(&l n"(&an" 5) a33li5ai%n i i
n(5(a& % a& 8i) )( 'a5,&%n" an" 3&%5("&al )i%& %! )(
3&((n 3&%5(("in,.
I. ACCIDENT
. N% 3l(a"in, )a*( '((n !il(" % "a( ' i a33(a& !&%+ )(
5%&&(3%n"(n5( '(8((n )( Plaini!! %li5i%& an" )( (3a&+(n %!
Ji5( $=OJ> )a a&( 3la5(" '(!%&( +( $=C%&&(3%n"(n5(> an" !&%+
)( a!!i"a*i (*i"(n5( !il(" !%& )( 3&((n a33li5ai%n $=A!!i"a*i> )a
)( Plaini!! all(,ai%n a % )( 5i&5+an5( %! )( A55i"(n a&(inter alia a !%ll%8
$a %n 2; O5%'(& 200
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all(,ai%n %! n(,li,(n5( an"/%& '&(a5) %! a%& " 5an '( (li5i("
%nl !&%+ )( C%&&(3%n"(n5( an" A!!i"a*i. S5) all(,ai%n 8)i5)
)( Plaini!! %li5i%& )a*( (+3)ai(" a&( 8i)% 3&(:"i5( % an
a*(&+(n )a +a '( +a"( in )( Sa(+(n %! Clai+ in "( 5%&( a&(
++a&i(" in )( !i& 5)("l( % )i (5ii%n $=7 S5)("l(>. T)(
Plaini!! ini )a 8i)% 5%+3&()(ni*( "i5%*(& %! )( &(l(*an
"%5+(n ' )( (!(n"an i i n% 3%i'l( % 3&%3(&l in&5
(?3(&$ %n lia'ili an"/%& 3&%3(&l 3l(a" an Sa(+(n %! Clai+
8)i5) )(&(!%&( l(a" % )( 3&((n a33li5ai%n !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(&.
S% i i ' n% +(an 5l(a& 8)()(& an %+( %& all %! )( all(,ai%n in
)( 7 S5)("l( 8ill (*(nall !in" )(i& 8a in% )( Plaini!! 3l(a"("
5lai+ a,ain )( (!(n"an. T)i na&all a"" a "i+(ni%n %!
n5(&ain % an a(+3 % i"(ni! )( +a(& in i( !%& )( 3&3%(
%! )( 3&((n a33li5ai%n.
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=R(3%& %! )( W%&in, G&%3 %n )( R(*i(8 %! P'li5 S8i++in, P%%l
(i,n an" O3(&ai%nal Sa!(> $檢討公眾游永池設計及運作安全工作
小組報告 3'li)(" ' L(i&( S(&*i5( i*ii%n %! )( R(,i%nal
S(&*i5( (3a&+(n $=RS> $區域市政總署康樂事務 in F('&a&
799 $=RS R(3%&> a( )a =!池"#$%&'(!池)%的*
+及,-./01-。一2作康樂./"!池，%3作4#"設計>
% )(&( i %+( a+'i,i a % 8)()(& )( "(3) %! )( P%%l 8ill
(*(nall '( a &( i( in )( 3&((n 3&%5(("in,.
II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
;. I n(? &n % )( 3&%5("&al )i%& %! )( 3&((n
3&%5(("in, in%!a& a &(l(*an % )( 3&((n a33li5ai%n !%& 3&%3(&
n"(&an"in, %! )( i+in, %! )( a33li5ai%n.
. Iniiall )( 3&%(5i*( 8&i 8a n% (&*(". T)( Plaini!!
%li5i%& %,) ,(n(&al a":%&n+(n %! )( 7 C)(5li R(*i(8
$=CLR> 5)("l(" %n 7 1a&5) 2070 ' i 8a %nl 3%3%n(" % 24
1a 2070.
9. On 76 A3&il 2070 )( Plaini!! %li5i%& ,,((" % OJ
)a (?3(& &(3%& %n lia'ili 8%l" li(l in5l"( $' n% '( li+i("% &(3%& !&%+ $a an a&5)i(5 %n )( "(i,n $an" in 3a&i5la& )(
"(3) %! )( P%%l an" $' a li!( a*in, %5i( %& li!(,a&" a%5iai%n
%n )( an"a&" a33li5a'l( % li!(,a&" an" )( i+3l(+(nai%n %& la5
%! i+3l(+(nai%n %! 5) an"a&".
70. U3%n )( &(@( ' )( Plaini!! %li5i%& )( CLR 8a
a":%&n(" % 7< Jl 2070. Sill )( Plaini!! "i" n% (&*( )( 8&i an"
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)i %li5i%& &(@((" !&)(& a":%&n+(n %! )( CLR. On 74 Jl
2070 I "i&(5(" )( Plaini!! % (&*( )( 8&i %n/'(!%&( S(3(+'(&
2070 an" %n 5) 'ai I a":%&n(" )( CLR % 77 N%*(+'(& 2070. T)(
Plaini!! (&*(" )( 8&i 3&an % + "i&(5i%n ' %n 2 N%*(+'(&
2070 )i %li5i%& &(@((" !&)(& a":%&n+(n %! )( CLR !%& a <
+%n) 3(n"in, )i %'ainin, (?3(& &(3%&$ %n lia'ili % 3l(a" )(
Sa(+(n %! Clai+. OJ )a" n% %':(5i%n % a":%&n+(n %! )( CLR
' )( 3a&i( 8(&( na'l( % &(a5) !ll 5%n(n %n !&)(& 5%n"5 %!
)( a5i%n. T)( Plaini!! &(:(5(" OJ ,,(i%n %! (n,a,in, )(
(?3(& n%+ina(" ' )( H%n, -%n, Li!( Sa*in, S%5i( a in,l( :%in
(?3(& %n lia'ili an" in"i5a(" an in(ni%n % in&5 an %*(&(a
(?3(&. S% a )( CLR %n 77 N%*(+'(& 2070 I ,&an(" 5a( +ana,(+(n
"i&(5i%n in5l"in, )%( ( % in 3a&a,&a3) 76 '(l%8. T)( CLR i
a":%&n(" % 76 Jn( 2077 ' 8)i5) i+( )( Plaini!! )%l" )a*(
!il("/(&*(" )i Sa(+(n %! Clai+.
III. DOCUMENTS ALREADY DISCLOSED
77. I a33(a& !&%+ )( C%&&(3%n"(n5( an" A!!i"a*i )a )(
Plaini!! %li5i%& )a*( 3&(*i%l &(@((" )( (!(n"an % "i5l%(
inter alia )( "%5+(n ( % in )( (5%n" 5)("l( % )i (5ii%n
$=2 n" S5)("l(> ' I 5ann% '( &( )a 5) li i (?)ai*( ,i*(n
)( (l(5i*( na&( %! )( C%&&(3%n"(n5( 3la5(" '(!%&( +(. P&an
% 5) &(@( )( (!(n"an )a "i5l%(" %+( "%5+(n.
72. I "% n% )a*( a !ll li %! )( "%5+(n al&(a" "i5l%("
' )( (!(n"an ' )( in5l"( !%& (?a+3l( C/CCT &(5%&"in,
%! )( &(l(*an a&(a %! )( P%%l a a'% )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n )(
la% 3lan %! )( P%%l )%lin( (n@i& &(3%& "a(" 9 N%*(+'(& 200
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l((& !&%+ )( Plaini!! !a)(& an" &(3l ' LCS "a(" 77 an" 26
N%*(+'(& 200< &(3(5i*(l &(5%&" %! *i(8in, %! CCT &(5%&"in, '
)( Plaini!! !a+il +(+'(& %n 2 (5(+'(& 200 %! )(
R%al S%5i( !%& )( P&(*(ni%n %! A55i"(n $=S%5i(>D
$5 LCS in(&nal +(+% "a(" 7 O5%'(& 2000 in &(3(5 %! )( P%%l &(,a&"in, !%ll%83 a5i%n in &(3%n( % )(
&(*i(8 in )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& $=LCS 1(+%>.
74. On 0 O5%'(& 2070 OJ 3&%*i"(" !&)(& (?5(&3 %! )(
1a5G&(,%& R(3%& % li+a(l OJ )a "i5l%(" )( (ni&(
1a5G&(,%& R(3%& $'(in, (5i%n 7< an" ;77 an" an (?&a5 !&%+
(5i%n 6 3(&ainin, % )( P%%l $=i5l%(" S(5i%n 6> (?5(3 !%& i(
3(5i!i5 &i a(+(n %& a!( &(*i(8 %,()(& 8i)
%'(&*ai%n/&(5%++(n"ai%n !%& )( &(+ainin, 7< 3'li5 8i++in,
3%%l $=O)(& P%%l> &(*i(8(" ' 1& 1a5G&(,%& $=Un"i5l%("
S(5i%n 6>. T)( (!(n"an "(5lin(" )( Plaini!! &(@( !%&
"i5l%&( %! Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6.
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IV. SUMMONS
7 )( Plaini!! i(" a ++%n !%&
3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! )( !%ll%8in, "%5+(n ' a!!i"a*i 8i)in ; "a
$=S++%n>
$a (5i%n 6 %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& $=%5+(n A>D
$' )( "%5+(n % 8)i5) )( RS R(3%& i a33(n"i? 2
$=%5+(n B>D
$5 all "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n F('&a&
799 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< $%& % n%8 a a &(l %! )(
RS R(3%& in%!a& a )( )a*( 3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al
&(l(*an5( % )( P%%l $=%5+(n C>D
$" all "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n 7 S(3(+'(&
2000 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< $%& % n%8 a a &(l %! )(
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1a5G&(,%& R(3%& in%!a& a )( )a*( 3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al
&(l(*an5( % )( P%%l $=%5+(n >D
$( all "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n S(3(+'(&
2000 an" O5%'(& 200< $%& % n%8 a a &(l %! 5)an,( %!
i,na,( a )( P%%l $=%5+(n E>D
$! all "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n S(3(+'(&
2000 an" O5%'(& 200< $%& n%8 a a &(l %! '&i(!in, %
li!(,a&" a )( P%%l $=%5+(n F>.
7;. T)( Plaini!! )a !il(" 1& 1illa& 7 an" 2n" a!!i"a*i "a("
2 N%*(+'(& 2070 an" 70 Jana& 2077 &(3(5i*(l in 33%& %! )(
S++%n. T)( (!(n"an )a !il(" )( a!!i&+ai%n %! C)an #(n 1an
$=1 C)an> LCS Aian i&i5 L(i&( 1ana,(& $#(n L%n,
an" C)an 1in, C)(%n, H%&+an $=1& C)an> LCS S(ni%& L(i&(
1ana,(& $A@ai5 (n( '%) "a(" 2 (5(+'(& 2070 in %33%ii%n.
7. 1& 1illa& 8&i(n '+ii%n )a*( &(!in(" )( &(@(
!%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n C an" ' )( !%ll%8in,
&(!%&+lai%n
$a !%& %5+(n C $i ="%5+(n a % =3&%+%i%n %!
8i++in, a!(> &(!(&&(" % in 3a&a,&a3) 70 %! 1 C)an
a!!i&+ai%nK $an" a"%3(" ' 1& C)anK a!!i&+ai%n
8)()(& 3(5i!i5 % )( P%%lK %& %! ,(n(&al a33li5ai%n %
8i++in, 3%%l an" )(&(!%&( in5l"in, )( P%%lK> an"
$ii =)( "%5+(n &(!(&&(" % $an" ' i+3li5ai%n
i"(ni!i(" ' LCSK a % =!%ll%83 a5i%n> &(!(&&(" %
%n )( !i!) lin( %! 3a&a,&a3) 77 %! 1 C)anK a!!i&+ai%n
an" a"%3(" in 1& C)anK a!!i&+ai%n>D
$' !%& %5+(n ="%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( a a
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&(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& )a*in, 3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al
&(l(*an5( % )( P%%lK 5(&ainl in % !a& 3&((nl
i"(ni!i(" an" n%8n % )( "(3%n(n an"/%& )( OJ>.
79. In )i '+ii%n a )( )(a&in, '(!%&( +( %n 9 F('&a&
2077 $=H(a&in,> 1& 1illa& !&)(& &(!%&+la(" )( "(5&i3i%n %! )(
5la %! "%5+(n in 3a&a,&a3) 7$' a'%*( a !%ll%8 ="%5+(n
5%+in, in% (?i(n5( a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& )a*in,
3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al &(l(*an5( % )( P%%lK ' &(&i5(" % )%(
3&((nl i"(ni!i(" an" n%8n % LCS an"/%& OJ a &(!(&&(" % in )(
a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an an" 1& C)an>.
20. 1& 1illa& !&)(& 5%n!i&+(" )( Plaini!! 8%l" a'an"%n )i
3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& &(@( !%& %5+(n C a*( an" (?5(3 !%& $a )(
"%5+(n "(5&i'(" in 3a&a,&a3) 7$a$i an" $ii a'%*( )a )a*( 5%+(
in% (?i(n5( '(8((n F('&a& 799 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< $=P&%+%i%n%5+(n> an" =F%ll%83 %5+(n> %& 5%ll(5i*(l =N(8
%5+(n C> an" $' )( "%5+(n "(5&i'(" in 3a&a,&a3) 79 a'%*(
)a )a*( 5%+( in% (?i(n5( '(8((n 7 S(3(+'(& 2000 an" 2;
O5%'(& 200< $=N(8 %5+(n >.
27. In )( 5%&( %! )i '+ii%n in &(3l a )( H(a&in, 1&
1illa& a33li(" !%& l(a*( % 'i( )( &(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %!
%5+(n F % a &(@( !%& =all "%5+(n in5l"in, %3(&ai%nal
,i"(lin( an" '&i(!in, )a 5a+( in% (?i(n5( '(8((n S(3(+'(&
2000 an" O5%'(& 200< a % ,i"an5( %& '&i(!in, ,i*(n % li!(,a&" a
)( C%+3l(?/P%%lK 5%n5(&nin, )(i& "i( %n (n!%&5in, &l( an"
&(,lai%n %n a!( a )( C%+3l(?/P%%lK> $=N(8 %5+(n F>
$=R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n>. 1& La8 %33%( 5) a33li5ai%n.
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22. I 8ill "(al 8i) )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n in ,&(a(&
"(ail '(l%8 ' !!i5( % a )(&( )a I "i+i 5) a33li5ai%n
8i)% 3&(:"i5( % an !&( a33li5ai%n ' )( Plaini!! !%& 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(& %! )( a!%&(ai" ,i"(lin( an" n%i5(. Sin5( 1& 1illa&
5%n!i&+(" )( Plaini!! 8%l" n% (( 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n F
i&&(3(5i*( %! )( %5%+( %! )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n I n%8
!%&+all "i+i )( Plaini!! a33li5ai%n !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %!
%5+(n F.
V. LEGAL PRINCIPLES
2. A 3a& +a a33l !%& an %&"(& &(@i&in, an %)(& 3a& %
+a( an a!!i"a*i ain, 8)()(& an "%5+(n %& an 5la %!
"%5+(n 3(5i!i(" %& "(5&i'(" in )( a33li5ai%n i %& )a a an i+(
'((n in )i 3%(i%n 5%" %& 3%8(& 8)(n )( 3a&(" 8i) i an"8)a )a '(5%+( %! i $(( O&"(& 24 &l( ; %! )( RHC. B i! )( 5%&
i ai!i(" )a "i5%*(& i n% n(5(a& %& n% n(5(a& a )a a,(
%! )( 5a( %& +a(& i +a "i+i %& a":%&n )( a33li5ai%n an"
)all in an 5a( &(!( % +a( 5) an %&"(& i! an" % !a& a i i %!
%3ini%n )a "i5%*(& i n% n(5(a& (i)(& !%& "i3%in, !ai&l %! )(
5a( %& +a(& %& !%& a*in, 5% $(( O&"(& 24 &l( %! )( RHC.
(a) C!rt"s appra#$
24. Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++ %l.7 3a&a.24/;/7 a
33.
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%. S(( %% ,er-ele A/inistratin '. M#Clellan 7990K
F.S.R. 7 8)(&( a 2 )( 5%& &(a(" )( 3&in5i3l( a
!%ll%8 $7 T)(&( i n% :&i"i5i%n % +a( an %&"(& n"(&
RSC O.24 &.; !%& )( 3&%"5i%n %! "%5+(n nl( $a
)(&( i !!i5i(n (*i"(n5( )a "%5+(n (?i 8)i5) )(
%)(& 3a& )a n% "i5l%("D $' )( "%5+(n %& "%5+(n&(la( % +a(& in i( in )( a5i%nD $5 )(&( i !!i5i(n
(*i"(n5( )a )( "%5+(n i in )( 3%(i%n 5%" %&
3%8(& %! )( %)(& 3a&. $2 W)(n i i (a'li)(" )a )%(
)&(( 3&(&(@ii( !%& :&i"i5i%n "% (?i )( 5%& )a a
"i5&(i%n 8)()(& %& n% % %&"(& "i5l%&(. $ T)( %&"(&
+ i"(ni! 8i) 3&(5ii%n )( "%5+(n %& "%5+(n %&
5a(,%&i( %! "%5+(n 8)i5) a&( &(@i&(" % '( "i5l%(" !%&
%)(&8i( )( 3(&%n +ain, )( li +a !in" )i+(l! in
(&i% &%'l( !%& 8(a&in, % a !al( a!!i"a*i (*(n )%,)
"%in, )i '( % ,i*( an )%n( "i5l%&( >
$(( al% Lee N!i 0n ' O#ean Par- Crp (N +) 799
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=&(l(*an5(> i ( % in T$e C/pa%nie 0inan#iere et C//er#iale !
Pa#i2i3!e ' T$e Per!'ian G!an C/pan $72 77 B $(( 1a)(8 an" 1al( Dis#ls!re &" ("
$200; 3a&a.
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3. N(ill LJ ai" a !%ll%8
= I i 5l(a&l (a'li)(" )%8(*(& )a =)( +a(& in
@(i%n> 5%*(& 8i"(& ,&%n" )an )( i( a "i5l%(" in
)( 3l(a"in,. T) a 3a& i %'li,(" % "i5l%( an
"%5+(n 8)i5) i i &(a%na'l( % 33%( 5%nainin!%&+ai%n 8)i5) +a (na'l( )( 3a& a33lin, !%&
"i5%*(& (i)(& % a"*an5( )i %8n 5a( %& % "a+a,( )a %!
)i a"*(&a& %& 8)i5) +a !ai&l l(a" % a &ain %! in@i&
8)i5) +a )a*( (i)(& %! )(( 8% 5%n(@(n5(. I !%ll%8
)a "i5%*(& i n% n(5(a&il li+i(" % "%5+(n 8)i5)
8%l" '( a"+ii'l( in (*i"(n5(.>
29. B (*(n i! an i( i &ai(" in )( 3l(a"in, i i n%
n(5(a&il "((&+inai*( a % 8)()(& i &(la( % a =+a(& in@(i%n>. C)(n, JA in Pa!l"s Mel Art G/1$ 5 C ' UT Li/ite 5
rs CAC79/200< $n&(3%&(" 74 (5(+'(& 200
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5a&,% 5lai+ 3%n 8)i5) i 5an '( ai" )a )( !ail(" %
(?(&5i( "( 5a&( %! )( 5a&,% i : a &(l(*an !%& "i5%*(&
3&3%( a %n( 8)i5) 5%nain in!%&+ai%n a % a ,&%n" %!
8an %! "( 5a&( 8)i5) )a al&(a" '((n 3l(a"(".
T)( 3&in5i3l( 8a n(*(& in(n"(" % :i! "(+an" !%&
"i5l%&( %! "%5+(n a )( !a& (n" %! )( 3(5&+ %! +a(&iali 8)i5) %n )( !a5( %! i 8(&( n&(la(" % )(
3l(a"(" 5a( %! )( 3laini!! %& "(!(n"an an" 8)i5) 8(&(
&(@i&(" !%& 3&(l 3(5lai*( in*(i,ai%n On )(
5%n&a& )( "%5+(n %& 5la %! "%5+(n + '( )%8n
' )( a33li5an % %!!(& a &(al 3&%'a'ili %! (*i"(nial
+a(&iali in )( (n( )a i + '( a "%5+(n %& 5la %!
"%5+(n 8)i5) in )( %&"ina& 8a 5an '( (?3(5(" % i(l"
in!%&+ai%n %! 'anial (*i"(nial +a(&iali % )( 3l(a"("
5lai+ an" )( "(!(n5( % i in )( '&%a" (n( 8)i5) I )a*(
(?3lain(". I! )( "%5+(n %& 5la 5ann% '( "(+%n&a(" %
'( 5l(a&l 5%nn(5(" % i( 8)i5) )a*( al&(a" '((n &ai("%n )( 3l(a"in, %& 8)i5) 8%l" in )( %&"ina& 8a '(
(?3(5(" % '( &ai(" in )( 5%&( %! )( 3&%5(("in, i!
!!i5i(n in!%&+ai%n 8(&( a*aila'l( )( a33li5ai%n )%l"
'( "i+i(".>
7. T)( a33&%a5) in O C/pan 8a a33li(" ' Fin"la J in A
' , 799K H-LR $#&'
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S(3(+'(& 2009 )( C%& %! A33(al "i" n% "i&' HCJ H%&a5(
W%n, SC "i5i%n %! )( &(l(*an l(,al 3&in5i3l(.
2. In EAA Se#!rities Li/ite ' C$an Lin M!i 5 anr CCJ
407
() Ne#essit : 1!ren 2 pr2
. A55%&"in, % Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++ %l.7
3a&a.24//7 a 3.
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)( RHC.
4. H%8(*(& 1& La8 )a "&a8n + a(ni%n % Dea- 5 C
(0ar East Lt) in 8)i5) )( C%& %! A33(al 8i)% an "((3 anali
ai" a 33.07 )a =in %&"(& % %'ain an %&"(& !%& "i5%*(& n"(& O
24 & ; )( 3a& ((in, i )a % +a( % a 3&i+a !a5i( 5a( )a
"i5%*(& )(&(%! i n(5(a& (i)(& !%& "i3%in, !ai&l %! )( 5a( %&
+a(& %& !%& a*in, 5%>. T)i 8a !%ll%8(" in C$an &7- H!n% a
3a&a.7 an" C$an H!n% a 3a&a.22.
$(( al% Ali#- A! S$!i Y!en ' Sir Da'i 0r; Dep!t t t$e G'ernr 5 rs
HC1P22;/7990 -a3lan J $n&(3%&(" 2; N%*(+'(& 7990 3a&a.22
an" T$e Estate 2 6an H!n%; e#ease as represente 1 its
a/inistratri< 6an Tin C$!n% 5 anr ' &7an Yi#- Se#!rities
(Internatinal) Lt HCA 7427/2006 HCJ 1&i( $n&(3%&(" 7
A3&il 200; 3a&a.2.
6. F%& )( 3&3%( %! )( S++%n I a+ 3&(3a&(" % a+(
$8i)% "(5i"in, )( 3%in )a )( '&"(n i %n )( (!(n"an % )%8
)a )( "%5+(n %,) a&( n% n(5(a& (i)(& !%& "i3%in, !ai&l %!
)( 5a( %& +a(& %& !%& a*in, 5%.
(e) Ne#essit : e'iential /aterialit
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;. Al)%,) I "% n% (+'&a5( )( a33&%a5) ' C%l+an J in O
C/pan %n )( ( %! &(l(*an5 1& La8 i 5%&&(5 in ain, )(
l(a&n(" :",( %'(&*ai%n a&( ill 3(&in(n !%& 5%ni"(&in, 8)()(&
"i5%*(& %! )( "%5+(n %,) i n(5(a& (i)(& !%& !ai&l
"i3%in, %! )( 5a( %& +a(& %& !%& a*in, 5%. In )i &(3(5 I
&(!(& % 3a&a.2 %! )( :",+(n %! HCJ H%&a5( W%n, SC in C$an
H!n% a !%ll%8
=2. In an ,i*(n 5a( )(&( i li(l % '( a 3(5&+ %!
(*i"(nial +a(&iali 8i)in 8)i5) "%5+(n +a !all. T)(&(
+a '( "%5+(n 8)i5) a&( 5(n&al % )( 3l(a"(" i(D '
)(&( +a al% '( "%5+(n 8)i5) !all a )( %)(& (n" %! )(
3(5&+ in )a )%,) )( +a =!all 8i)in )( l((& %!
L%&" Ji5( B&( !%&+lai%n %! &(l(*an5( !%& "i5%*(&
3&3%(> )( a&( "%5+(n 8)i5) a&( nli(l % 5%nain %&
i(l" in!%&+ai%n %! 5) (*i"(nial +a(&iali % )( 3l(a"("
5a( $in )( '&%a" (n( +(ni%n(" a'%*( %! )( 3a&i( a %
+a( )(i& "i5l%&( n(5(a& !%& )( !ai& "i3%al %! )(
3&%5(("in, %& % a*( 5%. T)( C%& i (nil(" % a( )(
*i(8 )a al)%,) &(l(*an5( in )( Peruvian Guano (n( )a
'((n (a'li)(" i i n% n(5(a& !%& )(+ % '( "i5l%(".
T)( 3%8(& % &(!( nn(5(a& "i5%*(& %! "%5+(n i
(?3&(l 5%n!(&&(" ' )( &l( %! 5%&.. In"((" in )( O Company v M Company 5a( +(ni%n("
a'%*( a!(& "(alin, 8i) )( @(i%n %! &(l(*an5( C%l+an J
!&)(& )(l" a 3.
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(2) Ne#essit 4 7it$ 2 is#'er s!%$t
. W)(&( )( a33li5an (( % (( a 5la %! "%5+(n =)(
5la + n% '( "(!in(" %& "(5&i'(" % 8i"(l a % in5l"( "%5+(n
8)i5) a&( n% &(l(*an % )( i( $(( Mlnl#-e A, ' Pr#tr 5
Ga/1le Lt (N. =) 7990K RPC 49 a33&%*in, 0!>i P$t 0il/ C Lt
' Carr"s Paper Lt 799K RPC ;7 an" Re Estate 2 N% C$!n 6a$. In
%)(& 8%&" )( a'%*(+(ni%n(" 3&(&(@ii( + '( (a'li)(" in
&(3(5 %! )( 5la "(5&i'(" a a 5la an" n% a &(,a&" %+( in )(
5la %nl $(( Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++ %l.7 3a&a.24/;/7 a
3. $(( Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++
%l.7 3a&a.24/2/70 a 3.
&(lain, % ; l(,al a5i%n a*( an" (?5(3 !%& )%( 3a3(& an"
"%5+(n al&(a" "i5%*(&(" ' )( 3laini!!. I 8a )(l" )a
=T)( !i& "i!!i5l i )a )( *(& "(!inii%n %! )( 5la %!
"%5+(n a =all 3a3(& an" "%5+(n &(lain, %> a
3a&i5la& l(,al a5i%n i !a& %% 8i"( % 3(&+i a 3(&%n !a5("
8i) an %&"(& in )%( (&+ (*(& % '( &( )a )( )a
5%+3li(" 8i) i. S(5%n"l i i n% (n%,) )a a "%5+(n
&(la( in %+( 8a % 3&%5(("in,.
i a33(a& % '( )( &" "(!(n"an 5a( )a in )( 3a3(&
&(lain, % a 3a&i5la& l(,al a5i%nK )(&( +a '( %+(
"%5+(n 8)i5) i! )( "(!(n"an a8 )(+ +i,) '(
5%ni"(&(" % '( &(l(*an % )( i( in )%( 3&%5(("in,
' 5%n(l !%& )( &" "(!(n"anK 8a na'l( % na+( a
3a&i5la& 3(5i!i5 i( an" i"(ni! a "%5+(n %& a 5la %! "%5+(n 8)i5) 5%l" '( )%8n % '( "i&(5l &(la(" % )a
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i( in 5) a 8a a % ai! )( &(@i&(+(n !%& 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(&.
A a +a(& %! 5%++%n (n( i + '( )a +an "%5+(n
&(lain, % )( *a&i% 3&%5(("in, &(!(&&(" % + '( @i(
i&&(l(*an % )( i( % '( &i(" '(8((n )( 3laini!! an"
)( &"
"(!(n"an an" %n )a ,&%n" al%n( )( &"
"(!(n"ana33li5ai%n + !ail.
I i n% (n%,) % )%8 )( 3%i'l( &(l(*an5( %! %+( 3a&
%! a 5la %! "%5+(n i i n(5(a& % i"(ni! )(
"%5+(n %& )%8 )a )( 8)%l( 5la + '( &(l(*an.
I i n% !!i5i(n % 3(5la( a % 8)()(& "%5+(n +i,)
'( )(l3!l. I i n(5(a& % "(+%n&a( )a )( ai! )(
5&i(&ia.
I i n% (n%,) % a )a a 3a&i5la& 5la %!
"%5+(n +a '( &(l(*an i i n(5(a& % '( +5) +%&(
3(5i!i5 an" % i"(ni! )( i( )( "%5+(n an" )( +ann(& in 8)i5) i &(la( % )( i( an" i 3&%'ai*(.
T)( a33li5ai%n i a !i)in, (?3("ii%n. I i
+i5%n5(i*(" an" i 8ill '( "i+i(".>
40. F&)(& in Mlnl#-e A, 1++(& J n%(" )a an %&"(&
!%& "i5%*(& 8a "i5&(i%na& an" a 3.
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3&3%( %! =!i)in,> %& % (na'l( a 3a& % &n a n%ni( in% an i(
$(( H&0E Clearin% Crp Lt ' Yi#- 0!t!res Lt 2006K 2 H-C 2.
In Re t$e Estate 2 N% C$an 6a$ C) J a(" )a =iK i n% !!i5i(n
!%& )( 3laini!! % a )a '(5a( )(&( i %n )( 3l(a"in, all(,ai%n %!
i+3&%3(& 5%n"5 a,ain )( "(!(n"an a (?(5%& )( a&( (nil(" %
( )( 'ai %! )( (a( a55%n ,(n(&all %& % 5)(5 )( a55&a5 %!
)( i(+ 3&((n(" in )( (a( a55%n i&&(3(5i*( %! 8)()(& )(
a&( in i(. I i n% )( 3&3%( %! "i5%*(& % ,i*( )( 3laini!! an
%33%&ni % )n a&%n" )( "%5+(n in )( )%3( )a )( 8ill
&(*(al %+( i+3&%3&i(i( %n )( "(!(n"an 3a& %& 8ill 3&%*i"(
in!%&+ai%n !%& )(+ % 3&( +%&( (n@i&i(>.
($) Rea#tin 2 is#'er #!/ents
42. =Pa& %! "%5+(n "i5l%(" in "i5%*(& +a '( 'lan("
% a i&&(l(*an '(5a( )( "i5%*(& i &(&i5(" % "%5+(n %&
(n&i( in "%5+(n &(lain, % a +a(& in @(i%n> $(( Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++ %l.7 3a&a.24/2/70 a 3. $(( Hn% &n% Ci'il Pr#e!re *++
%l.7 3a&a.24/;/7 a 3.
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=I 8a 8(ll (a'li)(" )a a 3a& 8a (nil(" % (al
3 %& 5%*(& 3 3a& %! a "i5l%(" "%5+(n %n )(
,&%n" %! i&&(l(*an5( : a i 5%l" 8i))%l" an (ni&(
"%5+(n %n )a ,&%n" 3&%*i"(" )a )( i&&(l(*an
3a& 5%l" '( 5%*(&(" 8i)% "(&%in, )( (n( %!
)( &( %& +ain, i +il(a"in, >>
44. Wi) )( a'%*( l(,al 3&in5i3l( in +in" I &n % )(
3(5i!i5 "%5+(n '(in, %5+(n A B E an" F an" N(8 %5+(n
C an" .
VI. DOCUMENT A
4.
T)( (!(n"an )a al&(a" "i5l%(" i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 8)i5)
3(5i!i5all 5%n5(&n )( P%%l ' "(5lin( % +a( "i5l%&( %!
Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 8)i5) &(la( % )( O)(& P%%l.
46. T)( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& i )( &(l %! a+3l( &(*i(8 %! 76
3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l in H%n, -%n, 5a&&i(" % in S(3(+'(& 2000.
S(5i%n 2 )(&(%! il(" =P&3%( %! R(3%&> ( % )( (&+ %!
&(!(&(n5( a !%ll%8
$a i"(ni! )aMa&" a%5ia(" 8i) )( %3(&ai%n %! )(
8i++in, 3%%l !a5ilii(D
$' a( )( &i a%5ia(" 8i) 5) )aMa&"D
$5 &(*i(8 in)%( a!( a&&an,(+(n an" "%5+(nai%n
&(lain, % )( 3%%l a&(a $in 3a&i5la& n%&+al %3(&ain,
3&%5("&( an" (+(&,(n5 a5i%n 3lan in5l"in, a &(*i(8
%! li!(,a&" "i( &ainin, 5)("l( @ali!i5ai%n
in5i"(n &(3%&in, an" )( 3&%*ii%n %! in!%&+ai%n % (&
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%! )( !a5ilii(D
$" a( )( 3%%l a&(a 8i) &(5%++(n"ai%n !%& !&)(&
i+3&%*(+(n 8)(&( n(5(a&D
$( *ii 76 l%5al 8i++in, 3%%lD an"
$! +(( 8i) &(3&((nai*( %! )( H%n, -%n, Li!( Sa*in,
S%5i(.
4;. In (5i%n < %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& il(" =S++a& -(
I( an" R(5%++(n"ai%n> %'(&*ai%n/&(5%++(n"ai%n 8(&(
+a"( inter alia a !%ll%8
$a =iK 8a n%(" )a )( %l"(& S8i++in, P%%l a&( 5&(ain,
l( %! a )aMa&" )an )( n(8 L(i&( 5%+3l(?D it is
re#//ene t$at an !r%ent re'ie7 1e !nerta-en 2 t$e
s!ita1ilit 2 pla e3!ip/ent in t$e leis!re pls>
$3a&a,&a3) .
49. T)( LCS 1(+% ( % !(("'a5 5%n5(&nin, )( P%%l
8)i5) in5l"( inter alia )a =)(K 5%l%& %! )( i,na,( 8ill '(
a+(n"(" 8)(n i )a '((n !inali(" ' )( (3a&+(n>.
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(a) Iss!e
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(!(n"an + )a*( a55(3(" )a )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& i &(l(*an
)(&(!%&( i i n% (nil(" % 8i))%l" Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 %n )( 'ai
%! i&&(l(*an5.
(#) De2enant"s #ase
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=(( 3&(*i% i(+> 5ann% :i! a " % "i5l%( )( (ni&(
Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6. A!(& all )( ( &(+ain )a %! &(l(*an5( an"
n(5(i.
in Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 in%!a& a
i &(la( % i,na,( 5%l%& $' n% %! %)(& +a(& )%l" n% '(
&("a5(" an" in !a5 )%l" '( "i5l%(" $(( SMSE a 3a&a,&a3) 4
a'%*(. T)( Si,na,( P&%%5%l %! )(+(l*( "% n% (?3lain 8)a 1&
1a5G&(,%& 5%ni"(&(" % '( =8&%n,> 8i) )( i,na,( 5%l%& a )(
P%%l ' )( (!(n"an n((" n% "i5l%( )( (ni&( Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n
6 % '&in, (nli,)(n+(n % 1& 1a5,&(,%& *i(8 a % )( =8&%n,>
5%l%& %! )( i,na,( a )( P%%l.
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a'%*( 8)i5) &(la( % )i a33li5ai%n !%& "i5l%&( %! )( (ni&( (5i%n
6 %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& !%& "&a8in, 5%+3a&i%n '(8((n 1&
1a5,&(,%& 5%++(n/&(5%++(n"ai%n !%& )( =%l"(&> an" )( =n(8>
3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l % (( )%8 )( la(& i +%&( )aMa&"%.
a
,,((" in 1& 1illa& 8&i(n '+ii%n. S5) '+ii%n "%( n%
i 8(ll 8i) )( !a5 )a 1& 1a5,&(,%& %'(&*ai%n )a =)( %l"(&
S8i++in, P%%l a&( 5&(ain, l( %! a )aMa&" )an )( n(8 L(i&(
C%+3l(?> i i++("ia(l !%ll%8(" ' )i &(5%++(n"ai%n = t$at an
!r%ent re'ie7 1e !nerta-en 2 t$e s!ita1ilit 2 pla e3!ip/ent in t$e
leis!re pls> n"(& )( *(& a+( 'll( 3%in. T)( Plaini!!
all(,ai%n a,ain )( (!(n"an in )( 7 S5)("l( "% n% 5%n5(&n an
3la (@i3+(n.
60. S(5%n"l a (*i"(n !&%+ a33(n"i5( 2 %! )( RS
R(3%& )( P%%l an" O)(& P%%l a&( 3)i5all "iin5 in na&( iM(
)a3( an" "(3). Al% a ((n !&%+ )( (&+ %! &(!(&(n5( an" 5%n(n
%! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& in5l"in, )( 5%n(n %! i5l%(" S(5i%n 6
i i li(l )a 1& 1a5G&(,%& i(3(5i!i5 a(+(n an" &(*i(8 %!
)( O)(& P%%l 5%*(& 8i"(&an,in, +a(&.
67. 1& 1illa& '+i )a 8i)% ((in, Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n
6 i i "i!!i5l % a 8)()(& )( 33%& %& a"*(&(l a!!(5 an
3a& 5a( $i! )( 8%l" )a*( 5) an (!!(5 an" a +( % in!(& )a
OJ &(!al % +a( "i5l%&( %! Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 =,,( )a
)(&( i %+()in, )(&(in )a 8%l" a"*(&(l a!!(5 )( "(!(n"an
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5a( %& 5%n*(&(l 8%l" ai )( 5a( % '( '&%,) !%& )(
Plaini!!K> (3(5iall 8)(n Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 ((+in,l 5%+3&i(
9 3a,( in %al.
62. B i i 5l(a& !&%+ )( l(,al 3&in5i3l( "i5(" a'%*( )a
a 3a& i (nil(" % 'lan % %& 5%*(& 3 i&&(l(*an 3a& %! "%5+(n
8)(n +ain, "i5%*(& % I a+ na'l( % in!(& an)in, ini(& +(&(l
!&%+ )( (!(n"an &(!al % "i5l%( Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 %n )(
'ai )a 5) 3a& %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& i i&&(l(*an. F%& )( a+(
&(a%n I a+ al% na'l( % a55("( % 1& 1illa& a&,+(n in 3a&a,&a3)
H( a""(" )a =)iK
((+ % '( a +a(& 8)i5) i +5) '((& l(! !%& )( &ial :",( % "(al
8i) i! an" 8)(n i i 3&(".>
64. I a,&(( 8i) 1& La8 )a )( 5%+3a&i%n (?(&5i( all"(" %
in 3a&a,&a3)
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)( O)(& P%%l a a S(3(+'(& 2000 % )( A55i"(n in O5%'(& 200 3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l '(!%&( )( 5an a5(&ain 8)()(& )(&( a&(
an i(3(5i!i5 %'(&*ai%n/&(5%++(n"ai%n %n )( O)(& P%%l )a
+a '( &(l(*an % )( na&( an" 5i&5+an5( %! )( A55i"(n. In +
*i(8 )i i 3lainl an a(+3 % =)n a&%n"> !%& "%5+(n in )(
)%3( )( 8ill &(*(al in!%&+ai%n !%& )( Plaini!! % 3&( +%&(
(n@i&i(.
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6;. T)i&"l in 5%ni"(&in, 8)()(& "i5l%&( %! Un"i5l%("
S(5i%n 6 i =n(5(a& a )a a,( %! )( 5a( %& +a(&> n"(& O&"(&
24 &l( %! )( RHC i + '( &(+(+'(&(" )(&( a&( n% 3l(a"in, a
( a )i a,( an" )( &( i( )a*( n% '((n !%&+all 5&alli(".
H(n5( )( 3&3%( %! )( 3&((n 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& a33li5ai%n a 1&
1illa& 5lai+ i % (na'l( )( Plaini!! % in&5 (?3(&$ %n lia'ili
an" 3l(a" )i 5a(. In + *i(8 i i @i( nn(5(a& !%& )( Plaini!! %
l%% % )( 5%n"ii%n %! )( O)(& P%%l a a S(3(+'(& 2000 % "% %.
6. I! )( Plaini!! (( !i % 3l(a" a 5a( a'% i,na,( a )(
P%%l in O5%'(& 200. I !ail % (( )%8 i(3(5i!i5 %'(&*ai%n/&(5%++(n"ai%n
5%n5(&nin, )( O)(& P%%l in )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& %& $i! &(!(&&(" %
)(&(in i,na,( 5%l%& a )( O)(& P%%l in S(3(+'(& 2000 $a3a& !&%+
)( (n& !%& )( =3&(*i% i(+> 8ill !a5ilia( )( Plaini!! $i! )( ((
!i in 3l(a"in, an all(,ai%n %! n(,li,(n5( %& '&(a5) %! a%& "
3&(+i(" %n an "i5&(3an5 '(8((n i,na,( 5%l%& !%& 3&%)i'i%&
in!%&+ai%n a )( P%%l a )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n an" )( &(@i&(+(n
n"(& )( Si,na,( P&%%5%l. A!(& all )(&( i n% "i3( )a )(
3)%%,&a3)i5 &(3&%"5i%n %! i,na,( a )( P%%l 3la5(" '(!%&( +( "%
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n% )%8 an i,na,( 8i) =&(" 'a5,&%n" 8)i( (?>.
69. F&)(& in i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 1& 1a5G&(,%& )a
%'(&*(" )a =li!(,a&"K 8in((" (& &nnin, an" %% n% &(+("ial
a5i%n>. A,ain I a+ na'l( % (( )%8 )( '()a*i%& %! %)(& li!(,a&"
%n " a )( O)(& P%%l in S(3(+'(& 2000 $(*(n i! 5) +a(& 8(&(
5an*a(" in Un"i5l%(" S(5i%n 6 i &(l(*an % )( &(a5i%n %!
li!(,a&" %n " a )( P%%l a )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n in O5%'(&
200
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8)i5) )( RS R(3%& i ann(? 2. On < O5%'(& 2070 $i( '(!%&(
ian5( %! )( S++%n OJ (n a 'la5 an" 8)i( 5%3 %! )( RS
R(3%& % )( Plaini!! %li5i%&. B )(i& l((& "a(" 7 (5(+'(& 2070
$i( a!(& ian5( %! )( S++%n OJ (?3lain(" % )( Plaini!!
%li5i%& )a )( RS R(3%& i(l! i ann(? 2 % a +(+%&an"+ %! )(
P&%*ii%nal R(,i%nal C%n5il $=C%n5il> an" ann(? 7 % 5)
+(+%&an"+ i a ++a& $an" in"((" a 3a& %! )( RS R(3%&. S5)
+(+%&an"+ ann(? 7 )(&(% an" a 5%l%& 5%3 %! )( RS R(3%&
8(&( (n5l%(" 8i) )( l((&. In 5) 5i&5+an5( I +a( n% %&"(& in
&(3(5 %! )( &(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n B.
VIII. NE6 DOCUMENTS C AND D
;. T)( Plaini!! 5lai+ )( (!(n"an )a n% +a"( "i5%*(&
%! )( !%ll%8in, "%5+(n
$a "%5+(n )a )a*( 5%+( in% (?i(n5( '(8((n F('&a&799 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< a % =3&%+%i%n %! 8i++in,
a!(> &(!(&&(" % in 3a&a,&a3) 70 %! 1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n
an" a"%3(" in 1& C)an a!!i&+ai%n 8)()(& 3(5i!i5 %
)( P%%l %& %! ,(n(&al a33li5ai%n % 3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l
$in5l"in, )( P%%l i( )( P&%+%i%n %5+(n an"
3a&a,&a3) 70 %! 1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n a( )a )( RS
R(3%& i 5%+3&()(ni*( an" 5%*(& a 8i"( &an,( %!
%'(&*ai%n &(+a& an" &(5%++(n"ai%n an" i
8%&in, ,&%3 =!%& (?a+3l( (?a+in(" 3&%+%i%n %!
8i++in, a!(>D
$' "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n F('&a& 799
an" 2; O5%'(& 200< 8)i5) a&( &(!(&&(" % $an" '
i+3li5ai%n i"(ni!i(" ' LCS a =!%ll%83 a5i%n> in
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D
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F
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3a&a,&a3) 77 %! 1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n an" a"%3(" in 1&
C)an a!!i&+ai%n i( )( F%ll%83 %5+(n an"
3a&a,&a3) 77 %! 1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n a( )a in%!a& a
#(n L%n, i&i5 L(i&( S(&*i5( O!!i5( $=#L O!!i5(>
8)i5) %!!i5( 8a &(3%ni'l( !%& %*(&((in, )(
a"+ini&ai%n an" %3(&ai%n %! )( C%+3l(? =i 5%n5(&n("
)(K *(&il '(li(*( )a !%ll%83 a5i%n )a*( '((n a(n
a )( C%+3l(?/P%%lK a a &(l %! )( RS R(3%& >D
$5 "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n 7 S(3(+'(&
2000 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%&
R(3%& )a*in, 3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al &(l(*an5( % )( P%%l '
'(in, &(&i5(" % )%( "%5+(n 3&((nl i"(ni!i(" an"
n%8n % LCS an"/%& OJ a &(!(&&(" % in )(
a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an an" 1& C)an $i( )( N(8
%5+(n .
(a) De2enant"s #ase
;4. In &(3(5 %! N(8 %5+(n C 1 C)an 3%in % )a )(
RS R(3%& 8a 5%++ii%n(" ' )( RS %n &(@( %! )( !%&+(&
C%n5il. B%) )( RS an" C%n5il 8(&( "i%l*(" in 7999 an" )(i&
!n5i%n 8(&( &an!(&&(" % a+%n, %)(& )( LCS )( F%%" an"
En*i&%n+(nal H,i(n( (3a&+(n an" )(i& &(3(5i*( "i&(5%&. T)(
RS R(3%& i a 5%+3&()(ni*( &(3%& )a 5%*(& a 8i"( &an,( %!
%'(&*ai%n &(+a& an" &(5%++(n"ai%n in5l"in, " an"
in3(5i%n %! )( "(i,n an" a!( %! :+3in, 'l%5 in +ain 3%%l
$3%%l "(i,n(" !%& 5%+3(ii%n 3&3%( an" &ainin, 3%%l (3 in )(
3%%l an" 3la (@i3+(n 5) a 8a(& li"( an" 8a(& ,n. T)(
W%&in, G&%3 )a al% !%& (?a+3l( (?a+in(" )( (+ %! !a5ilii(
in3(5i%n in 3%%l )( +()%"%l%, in 5al5lain, )( +a?i++
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D
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F
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5a3a5i %! )( 3%%l an" =3&%+%i%n %! 8i++in, a!(>.
; in &(3(5 %! )(
C%+3l(?/P%%l an"/%& O)(& P%%l )a )a*( 5%+( in% '(in, a a &(l
%! )( RS R(3%& $in 5%n&a"iin5i%n % %nl %+( "%5+(n 8i)
+%&( 5%n5i( "(5&i3i%n %& 5lai!i5ai%n 5an '( l%5a(".
;6. 1& La8 !&)(& '+i )a !%& )( P&%+%i%n %5+(n
in5( (5i%n 6 %! )( RS R(3%& 8)i5) 5%n5(&n =3&%+%i%n %!
8i++in, a!(> i i&&(l(*an % )( 3&((n a5i%n an "%5+(n5%+in, in% '(in, a a &(l %! )a (5i%n i al% i&&(l(*an. H( a&,(
)a in &(3(5 %! )( F%ll%83 %5+(n a &(@( !%& "%5+(n
&(lain, % =!%ll%83 a5i%n> a a &(l %! )( RS R(3%& i n%
"i!!(&(n !&%+ a &(@( !%& %5+(n C an" )( (!(n"an %':(5 %
"i5l%&( %! 5) 5la %! "%5+(n %n )( ,&%n" )a i n(5(a&il
5%nain i&&(l(*an "%5+(n.
;;. In &(3(5 %! N(8 %5+(n 1 C)an an" 1& C)an
(?3lain )a )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& i li(8i( a la&,(5al( &(*i(8 %! )(
a!( %! 3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l an" 5%*(& a+%n, %)(& i( li(
)+an &(%&5( 3la (@i3+(n a,( li+iai%n !%& "i!!(&(n (?( in
5)an,in, &%%+ "%5+(nai%n 5%n&%l an" 3&%(5i*( 5l%)in, in 3lan
&%%+ (5. In%!a& a LCS )(a"@a&(& an" )( #L O!!i5( a&(
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
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N
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P
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5%n5(&n(" =1 C)anK *(&il '(li(*( )a !%ll%83 a5i%n )a" '((n
a(n a )( C%+3l(?/P%%lK a a &(l %! )( RS R(3%&>. B 1
C)an an" 1& C)an a&( n% 5(&ain )%8 +an "%5+(n )a*( 5%+( in%
'(in, a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& an" a&( n%8 ill in )(
3%(i%n %! LCS %& )( ,%*(&n+(n a la&,(. T)( LCS 1(+%
$8)i5) +(ni%n a n+'(& %! !%ll%83 a5i%n !%n" in )( &(5%&" %!
LCS )(a"@a&(& )a" '((n 3a(" % )( #L O!!i5( an" (*(nall
"i5l%(" % )( Plaini!! %li5i%&. B 1 C)an an" 1& C)an 5ann%
'( &( )%8 all #!/ents &(lain, % )( C%+3l(?/P%%l )a )a*( 5%+(
in% '(in, a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& $in 5%n&a"iin5i%n %
%nl %+( "%5+(n 8i) +%&( 5%n5i( "(5&i3i%n %& 5lai!i5ai%n
5an '( l%5a(".
;. 1& La8 !&)(& a&,( )a )( "i5l%&( %! N(8
%5+(n C an" a&( n% n(5(a& a )i a,( %! )( 3&%5(("in,
8)(n )( 3&(5i( 'ai %! )( Plaini!! 5lai+ )a n% ( '((n 3l(a"(".
(1) Plainti22"s #ase
;9. In &(3(5 %! N(8 %5+(n C 1& 1illa& 5lai+ )a in5(
(5i%n 6 %! )( RS R(3%& 5%n5(&n =3&%+%i%n %! 8i++in, a!(>
)( (!(n"an 5ann% a&,( )a "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5(
3&an )(&(% a&( %)(& )an &(l(*an. A &(,a&" )( F%ll%83
%5+(n 1& 1illa& 5%+3lain )a 1 C)an i il(n %n 8)a !%ll%8
3 a5i%n )a*( '((n a5all n"(&a(n %& 8)a "%5+(n )a*( 5%+(
in% (?i(n5( )a 5%n5(&n )( P%%l (i)(& ,(n(&all %& 3(5i!i5all a %
a!(.
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)(i& l((& % OJ "a(" 29 (5(+'(& 2070 5%+3lain(" )a 1 C)an
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)a !ail(" % a( in )(& a!!i&+ai%n $8)(n )( )%l" )a*( "%n( %
8)a a(+3 $i! an )a*( '((n +a"( ' )( LCS %& )( ,%*(&n+(n
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2. T% 3&%3(&l 5%ni"(& )( P&%+%i%n %5+(n %n( n(("
% &(*ii 8)a i 5%*(&(" ' (5i%n 6 %! )( RS R(3%& %n =3&%+%i%n
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=6. 游泳安全的推廣
6.7 臨區局轄下泳池均有張貼宣傳游泳安全海報及每隔半小時播放游泳安全!"，#$泳%&'游泳安全()*， 臨區局+,-./及.0， 12345游泳時678游泳安全89。:;小?@ABCD5泳池EF的'*，GHIJK小L，MNOPQRST小LUVWX。)*，有Y34Z[\]^_泳`a"b的cd，M+KefCDEF游泳'*的ghij。=>小?klm時no34p游泳安全的kqrUst。
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. I i 3lain !&%+ )( a'%*( )a in (5i%n 6 %! )( RS
R(3%& )( W%&in, Pa& 3&%3%(" % in5&(a( ("5ai%nal (!!%& %
)(i,)(n 3'li5 a8a&(n( %! 8i++in, a!( !%ll%8in, $a "&%8nin,
in5i"(n in*%l*in, 5)il"&(n 8)i5) in5i"(n 8(&( n% n5%nn(5(" 8i)
in!!i5i(n 3a&(nal 5a&( an" a(ni%n an" $' 8i++in, in5i"(n
a&iin, !&%+ 8i++(& i,n%&in, )( in)(&(n "an,(& %! n%&(llin,. T%
)i (n" )( W%&in, Pa& al% 3&%3%(" % in5&(a( )( !&(@(n5 %!
3%%li"( '&%a"5a %n 8i++in, a!( in "i!!(&(n lan,a,( 3 3
n%i5(/3%(& %n 8i++in, a!( a 3'li5 8i++in, 3%%l 5%nin(
8i) (l(*ii%n/&a"i% '&%a"5a %n 8i++in, a!( %&,ani( a5i*ii(
%n 8i++in, a!( 8i) &(l(*an '%"i( an" ,%*(&n+(n "(3a&+(n
an" in*i( 3'li5 3a&i5i3ai%n in an =a+'aa"%& !%& 8i++in, a!(>
5)(+( % 3&%+%( 8i++in, a!(.
4. T)( a!%&(ai" ,(n(&al iniiai*( %n ("5ai%n an" 3&%+%i%n %! 8i++in, a!( 5%*(& a 8i"( &an,( %! +a(& $%)(& )an
)( all(,(" &i %! "i*in, in% a )all%88a(& 8i++in, 3%%l an" a&(
a&,((" % &("5( 8i++in, in5i"(n n&(la(" % )( 5i&5+an5( %!
)( A55i"(n.
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3(&a"(" +an "%5+(n !allin, 8i)in )( 5la %! "%5+(n n"(&
P&%+%i%n %5+(n 8%l" !ail % )a*( an (*i"(nial +a(&iali %
)( Plaini!! 5lai+ an" )( (!(n"an i n% 3(&+i(" % ((
"i5%*(& 8i) a *i(8 % =)n a&%n"> !%& an)in, )a +a '( (!l.
I &(!(& % )( 3&in5i3l( in 3a&a,&a3) 40 a'%*( 8)i5) +a( 5l(a& )a
)( 5la %! "%5+(n %,) + n% '( "(!in(" %& "(5&i'(" %
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i(.
6. A &(,a&" )( F%ll%83 %5+(n 1 C)an in )(&
a!!i&+ai%n a"+i("l &(!(& % !%ll%83 a5i%n )a*in, '((n a(n a a
&(l %! )( RS R(3%&. 1& 1illa& 5lai+ )a OJ 3%ii%n i
ana+%n % ain, 1 C)an 5an a( in )(& a!!i&+ai%n )(& '(li(! )a
!%ll%83 a5i%n %n )( RS R(3%& )a*( '((n a(n 8i)% an 'ai
%& an a(" 'ai !%& 5) '(li(!. H( ,,( )a in%!a& a &(lian5( i
3la5(" %n "%5+(n !%& 1 C)an '(li(! )a )%l" '( +a"( 5l(a& in)(& a!!i&+ai%n an" "i5%*(& +a"( in &(3(5 %! 5) "%5+(n
8)()(& i '( n%8 %& a !%&+al "i5%*(&.
;. I )%l" '( &(+(+'(&(" )a 1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n 8a
!il(" '(!%&( )( Plaini!! &(!%&+lai%n %! )i 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& &(@(
!&%+ %5+(n C % N(8 %5+(n C. S5) a!!i&+ai%n 8a )(&(!%&(
+a"( in &(3%n( % )( &(@( !%& all "%5+(n 5%+in, in% (?i(n5(
'(8((n F('&a& 799 an" 2; O5%'(& 200< $%& % n%8 a a &(l %!
)( RS R(3%& in%!a& a )( )a*( 3(5i!i5 %& ,(n(&al &(!(&(n5( % )(
P%%l. I a+ na'l( % a33&(5ia( 8) 1 C)an )a % "(3%( in )(&
a!!i&+ai%n in %33%ii%n all !%ll%83 a5i%n a(n 3&an % )( RS
R(3%& an" all "%5+(n 5&(a(" a a &(l %! 5) !%ll%83 a5i%n
8)(n )( (!(n"an 5%n(n" )a 5) in!%&+ai%n an" "%5+(n a&(
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i&&(l(*an an" nn(5(a& an" 8)(n 5) 5%n(ni%n i ( % '(
"((&+in(" ' )( 5%&.
. In an (*(n )( RS R(3%& "%( n% : "(al 8i)
=3&%+%i%n %! 8i++in, a!(> ' a 8i"( &an,( %! +a(& $((
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3la (@i3+(n 8a(& li"( a&(a %!!(&in, )a"( :+3in, 'l%5 a!!
&5&( !%& 3%%l +ana,(+(n '(a5) a!( in3(5i%n %! 3%%l
(@i3+(n &%(& !%& li!(,a&" +()%"%l%, !%& 5al5lain, 3%%l
5a3a5i (5. T)(&( i n% ,,(i%n )a an %! )(( +a(& a&( &(la("
% )( na&( an" 5i&5+an5( %! )( A55i"(n. In + *i(8 )( '&%a"
&(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! "%5+(n %n =!%ll%83 a5i%n> %
)( RS R(3%& !%& a 3(&i%" %! ; (a& !&%+ )( "a( %! )( RS
R(3%& % )( "a( %! )( A55i"(n i '%) %33&(i*( an" nn(5(a&
an" i al% !all !%l %! )( 3&in5i3l( (?3lain(" in 3a&a,&a3) 40
a'%*(.
9. A &(,a&" N(8 %5+(n 1& 1illa& )a &(&i5(" )(
Plaini!! &(@( % "%5+(n )a )a*( 5%+( in% (?i(n5( '(8((n
)( "a( %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& an" )( "a( %! )( A55i"(n a a &(l
%! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& )a a&( 3&((nl i"(ni!i(" an" n%8n %
LCS an"/%& OJ a &(!(&&(" % in )( a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an an" 1&
C)an. H%8(*(& )a*in, 5a&(!ll 5%ni"(&(" )(i& a!!i&+ai%n I 5ann%
!in" an &(!(&(n5( )(&(in % "%5+(n i"(ni!i(" an" n%8n % LCS
an"/%& OJ a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%&. A3a& !&%+ )( LCS
1(+% $8)i5) )a '((n "i5l%(" 1 C)an an" 1& C)an 5l(a&l a(
)( a&( n% 5(&ain )%8 +an "%5+(n )a*( 5%+( in% '(in, a a
&(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& an" a&( n%8 ill in )( 3%(i%n %!
LCS %& )( ,%*(&n+(n a la&,( an" )( 5ann% '( &( )%8 all
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"%5+(n &(lain, % )( C%+3l(?/P%%l )a )a*( 5a+( in% '(in, a a
&(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& 5an '( l%5a(". In )%& )( )a*( n%
i"(ni!i(" an "%5+(n n%8n % LCS an"/%& OJ %)(& )an )(
LCS 1(+%. T)( Plaini!! %li5i%& a5n%8l(",(" )i in )(i& l((&
% OJ "a(" 29 (5(+'(& 2070 8)(n )( 5%+3lain(" )a 1 C)an
)a !ail(" % a( in )(& a!!i&+ai%n 8)a a(+3 $i! an )a*( '((n
+a"( ' )( LCS %& )( ,%*(&n+(n % i"(ni! 8)a "%5+(n )a*(
5%+( in% (?i(n5( a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& $(( 3a&a,&a3)
0 a'%*(.
90. In 5) 5i&5+an5( )( &(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %!
N(8 %5+(n !ail !%& n5(&ain. E*(n i! I a+ 8&%n, an" )(
a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an an" 1& C)an "% &(!(& % "%5+(n )a )a*(
5%+( in% (?i(n5( a a &(l %! )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& in )( < (a&
'(8((n )( "a( %! 5) &(3%& an" )( "a( %! )( A55i"(n )( 5%3( %!
5) 5la %! "%5+(n i 3lainl %% 8i"( a i 5%*(& +a(&(?&an(% % )( na&( an" 5i&5+an5( %! )( A55i"(n. T)(
%'(&*ai%n/ &(5%++(n"ai%n in 3a& < %! )( RS R(3%& 5%*(& +a
"i!!(&(n %3i5 5) a &(%&,aniai%n/i+3&%*(+(n %! a!! &5&(
(a'li)+(n %! (& ,&%3 &(*i(8 %! a,( li+iai%n !%& "i!!(&(n (?(
in 5)an,in, &%%+ "%5+(nai%n 5%n&%l an" a55i"(n &(3%& !%& &i
a(+(n (5&in, %! 3%%l +a %&a,( 3a5( !%& 5l(anin, +a(&ial
a55( !%& 8)((l5)ai& (& &(*i(8 %! li!(,a&" a!( (@i3+(n 3%li5
&(*i(8 !%& all%8in, 3(%3l( 8)% n((" a&i!i5ial ai" % '( li!(,a&" (5.
T)( LCS 1(+% '(in, !(("'a5 % )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& 5%*(&
+a(& &an,in, !&%+ i,na,( 5%l%& an" li!(,a&" '&i(!in, % a&i!i5ial
&! 8a(& li"( %n( 3illa&/3%%l "(i,n CCT (+ 3lan &%%+
a!( (5. 1& La8 a &)(%&i5all 8) )( (!(n"an )%l" '( 5all("
3%n % "i5l%( "%5+(n )a )a*( 5%+( in% (?i(n5( !%ll%8in, 1&
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1a5G&(,%& &(5%++(n"ai%n %*(& 3lan &%%+ a!( an" %)(& +a(&
n&(la(" % in:& ' "i*in, in% a 8i++in, 3%%l. In + *i(8 +an
%! )( "%5+(n !allin, in% )i 5la 8%l" !ail % )a*( an (*i"(nial
+a(&iali % )( +a(& in i( an" )( &(@( i in + *i(8 n% +%&(
)an a !i)in, (?(&5i(.
97. 1& 1illa& '+i )a i i in5+'(n 3%n )( (!(n"an
% '( &(alii5 an" a33l 5%++%n (n( in +ain, "i5%*(&. In +
*i(8 i i )( " %! )( Plaini!! '(in, )( a33li5an !%& 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(& % '( 5%n5i(. I! )( 5la i %% 8i"( $a in )( a33li5ai%n !%&
3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! N(8 %5+(n C an" i 8ill '( %33&(i*( !%&
)( 3a& %&"(&(" % +a( "i5%*(& % a5(&ain )( (?a5 n+'(& %!
"%5+(n 5&(a(" an" )( "(3%n(n !%& )( "i5l%in, 3a& 8ill !in"
)i+(l! in (&i% &%'l( !%& 8(a&in, a !al( a!!i"a*i (*(n )%,) )(
)a &i(" )i '( % ,i*( an )%n( "i5l%&(. In )( 5i&5+an5( I
"i+i )( Plaini!! &(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n Can" a 8(ll a N(8 %5+(n C an" .
I8. DOCUMENT E
92. T)( LCS 1(+% a( )a i,na,( 5%l%& a )( P%%l
8%l" '( a+(n"(" 8)(n i 8a !inali(" ' )( "(3a&+(n $8)i5)
&(la( 'a5 % )( %'(&*ai%n 5%n5(&nin, )( P%%l in (5i%n 6 %! )(
1a5G&(,%& R(3%&. I i )(&(!%&( i+3li5i )a a a )( "a( %! )(
LCS 1(+% $i( 7 O5%'(& 2000 )( 5%l%& %! )( i,na,( a )( P%%l
8a ( % '( !inali(".
9. 1& 1illa& '+i )a 8i)% *%lna& "i5%*(& %!
"%5+(n i"(ni!in, )( !inali(" i,na,( 5%l%& a )( P%%l 3&an
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% )( LCS 1(+% %& %! "%5+(n (*i"(n5in, !&)(& (3 a(n
5%n5(&nin, )( 5%l%& %& %)(&8i( in &(3(5 %! i,na,( a )( P%%l )(
Plaini!! )a % (( 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! all "%5+(n 5%+in, in%
(?i(n5( a a &(l %! 5)an,( %! i,na,( a )( P%%l $a !&%+ S(3(+'(&
2000 % O5%'(& 200< %& % n%8 $(( )( S++%n an" $' !&%+ 2;
O5%'(& 200< % 74 O5%'(& 2009 %& % n%8 $(( 1& 1illa& 7
a!!i"a*i.
94. 1 C)an a55(3 )a )( LCS 1(+% 8a i(" a
!(("'a5 % )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& an" '(li(*( )a a+(n"+(n %! )(
i,na,( 5%l%& 8a +a"( a a &(l %! &(5%++(n"ai%n in )(
1a5,&(,%& R(3%&. S(5i%n 77 all"( % )( i,na,( 5%l%& a
8i++in, 3%%l ,,((" ' )( S%5i( !%& "i!!(&(n 3( %!
in!%&+ai%n 8)i5) in5l"( &(" 'a5,&%n" an" 8)i( (? !%& i,na,(
5%nainin, 3&%)i'i%& in!%&+ai%n an" (ll%8 'a5,&%n" an" 'la5
(? !%& i,na,( 5%nainin, 8a&nin, in!%&+ai%n.
9
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$' (*(&al "%5+(n 5&(a(" in 1a % Jl 2007 (*i"(n5in,
3&%5&(+(n %! i,na,( 8i) inter alia (ll%8 'a5,&%n"
an" 'la5 (? 8)i5) 3&%5&(+(n i li(l % '( !%ll%83
a5i%n 3&an % )( LCS 1(+%D
$5 a !(8 3)%%,&a3) a(n a )( P%%l %n 4 S(3(+'(& 2002
an" A3&il 200 &(3(5i*(l )%8in, i,na,( 8i) (ll%8
'a5,&%n" an" 'la5/&(" (?/3i5%,&a+ )a 8(&( in (
a (a&l a in 2002 an" 200D
$" a !(8 3)%%,&a3) a(n a )( P%%l in %& a'% N%*(+'(&
200< )%8in, i,na,( %! inter alia =n% &nnin,> =n%
"i*in,> an" ="((3( 8a(& "(3)> 8i) (ll%8 'a5,&%n"
an" 'la5/&(" (?/3i5%,&a+ a 8(ll a ,&%n" il( 8i) a
8a(& "(3) +a& !%& 7.7+.
96. 1 C)an a55(3 )a )( "%5+(n in 3a&a,&a3) 9
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$' T)(&( a&( n% 3)%%,&a3) %! i,na,( in )( 1a5G&(,%&
R(3%& %! S(3(+'(& 2000.
$5 T)( i,na,( a )( P%%l )%8n in &(3&%"5i%n %!
3)%%,&a3) a(n in 2002 an" 200 a (?)i'i(" % 1
C)an a!!i&+ai%n )a (ll%8 'a5,&%n" an" 'la5/&("
(?/3i5%,&a+.
$" T)( i,na,( a )( P%%l )%8n in &(3&%"5i%n %!
3)%%,&a3) a(n a&%n" N%*(+'(& 200< a (?)i'i(" %
1 C)an a!!i&+ai%n )a (i)(& $i (ll%8 'a5,&%n" an"
'la5/&(" (?/3i5%,&a+ %& $ii 8)i( 'a5,&%n" 'l( (?
an" &("/'l( 3i5%,&a+ ' i a33(a& )a 8a&nin, i,n
)a*( )( 5%l%& in $i a'%*(.
$( Wall+%n(" i,na,( a )( P%%l )%8n in &(3&%"5i%n %!
3)%%,&a3) a(n "&in, 1& 1illa& i( in3(5i%n in
O5%'(& 2009 (?)i'i(" % )i 2n" a!!i"a*i )a (i)(& $i
(ll%8 'a5,&%n" 'la5/&(" (? an" +li5%l%& 3i5%,&a+ %& $ii 'l( 'a5,&%n" 'la5 (? an"
&("/8)i(/'l( 3i5%,&a+ ' i a33(a& )a 8a&nin, i,n
)a*( )( 5%l%& in $i a'%*(.
(a) Plainti22"s #ase
9. T)( Si,na,( P&%%5%l in S(5i%n 77 3(5i! )a "i*in,
)%l" '( 3&%)i'i(" in 3la) 3%%l =3i5%&ialK N% i*in, i,n
)%l" '( "i3la(" a 5)an,( &%%+ (?i 3%in an" a":a5(n % %3(n
3%%l. A %al 'an )%l" '( in %3(&ai%n in an 5a( 8)(&( "(3) a&(
l( )an 7.< +(&(>. 1& 1illa& '+i )a al)%,) )(&( i n%
"(!inii%n %! a =3la) 3%%l> in )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& )( a!%&(ai"
,i"an5( i &(l(*an '(5a( )( P%%l )a a +a?i++ "(3) %! 7.7+ %
)(&( )%l" )a*( '((n na+'i,% =N% i*in,> 3&%)i'i%& i,na,(
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8i) &(" 'a5,&%n" an" 8)i( (? a )( P%%l a )( i+( %! )(
A55i"(n. B a ((n in 3a&a,&a3) 9< an" 9; a'%*( an" a
a5n%8l(",(" ' 1& La8 )( 3)%%,&a3)i5 &(3&%"5i%n %! i,na,(
3la5(" '(!%&( +( "% n% )%8 an 8i) 5) 5%l%& a )( P%%l. 1&
1illa& a&,( )a in 5) 5i&5+an5( )(&( )%l" '( 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(& %! )( n"(&lin, "%5+(n )%8in, 8)a i,na,( 8a
a33li5a'l( 3 % )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n.
99. 1& 1illa& !&)(& '+i )a )( la% an" 5%l%& %!
i,na,( a )( P%%l in N%*(+'(& 200< an" O5%'(& 2009 8(&( "i!!(&(n
8)i5) ,,( )a (i)(& 1& 1a5,&(,%& %'(&*ai%n a % i,na,(
5%l%& a )( P%%l )a" n% '((n a5(" 3%n 3&i%& % )( A55i"(n %& i! i
)a" '((n a5(" 3%n )(&( 8(&( !&)(& 5)an,( % i,na,( 5%l%&
'(@(n % )( A55i"(n. In an (*(n )( i,na,( a )( P%%l "%(
n% a55%&" 8i) )( &(5%++(n"(" 5%l%& in S(5i%n 77 % ="%5+(n
,%in, a % )( 5%l%& iM( an" la% %! i,n an" an 5)an,( )(&(%i 5l(a&l &(l(*an a %n( i( 5l(a& !&%+ )( 5%&&(3%n"(n5( 8ill '(
)( na&( an" (?(n %! 8a&nin, i,n>.
700. 1& 1illa& a )a )( "%5+(n in 3a&a,&a3) 9
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a!!i&+ai%n $(( 3a&a,&a3) 9< a'%*( !&)(& "(+%n&a( )( 5)an,( %!
i,na,( 5%l%& a )( P%%l '(@(n % )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%&. B
8)a 5%n5(&n )( Plaini!! in )( 3&((n 5a( i )( 5%n"ii%n %! )(
P%%l a )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n %n 2; O5%'(& 200
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704. T)( Plaini!! i al&(a" in 3%(i%n %! "%5+(na&
(*i"(n5( %! )( Si,na,( P&%%5%l %n i,na,( in!%&+ai%n in S(5i%n 77
an" %! i,na,( a )( P%%l a a 2002/200 200< an" 2009 8)i5) a&( n%
%n &(" 'a5,&%n" 8i) 8)i( (?. A )i a,( %! )( 3&%5(("in,
8)(n $a 1& 1illa& '+i )( Plaini!! i 5%n5(&n(" 8i)
5%++ii%nin, (?3(& %3ini%n %n lia'ili an" 3l(a"in, )i 5lai+ (*(n
a+in, )a )( na&( an" 5%l%& %! i,na,( ,i*in, 3&%)i'i%& %&
8a&nin, in!%&+ai%n i &(l(*an I 5ann% (( )%8 &a5in, )( )i%& %!
i,na,( 5)an,( a )( P%%l !&%+ 2000 % 200< 8ill ai )i+. 1&
1illa& )a n% i"(ni!i(" )%8 $'(%n" )( 3(5i!i5 a(+(n %! 8)()(&
)( i,na,( a )( P%%l a )( i+( %! )( A55i"(n 8)(n *i(8(" a,ain
a33li5a'l( ,i"(lin( $i! an !in"in, % 8)()(& )( (!(n"an )a
!ail(" % a5 %n 1& 1a5G&(,%& %'(&*ai%n %n i,na,( 5%l%& %& )a
a5(" %n 5) %'(&*ai%n ' +a"( '(@(n 5)an,( i &(l(*an %&
n(5(a& in )( (n( %! '(in, (*i"(niall +a(&ial % )( i( a %8)()(& )( (!(n"an )a "i5)a&,(" i " %! 5a&( $i! an % )(
Plaini!! a a (& %! )( P%%l.
70
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l((& "a(" 2 (5(+'(& 2070 % OJ )a 1 C)an )a !ail(" % a( )(
5%n(n %! an"/%& % (?)i'i % )(& a!!i&+ai%n )( 5%&&(3%n"(n5(
'(8((n )( C%+3l(? an" A&5)i(5&al S(&*i5( (3a&+(n a'%
+ain(nan5( %! )( P%%l !%& )( 3(&i%" !&%+ 2000 % 200< )a )(
3(&%nall in3(5(". 1& 1illa& al% a&,( )a in5( 1 C)an )a
a5n%8l(",(" )a a l(a %+( %! )( "%5+(n 8i)in %5+(n E
a&( &(l(*an 5) 5la %! "%5+(n )%l" '( "i5l%(". T)((
5%n(ni%n !l a,ain )( 3&in5i3l( ( % in 3a&a,&a3) 40 a'%*(
an" a&( ana+%n % a !i)in, (?(&5i(. In all )( 5i&5+an5( I
&(:(5 )( a33li5ai%n !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n E.
8. DOCUMENT 0
70;. Al)%,) )( 1a5G&(,%& R(3%& !in" )( &ainin,
5)("l( an" @ali!i5ai%n !%& li!(,a&" % '( ai!a5%& 3a&a,&a3)
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:+3(" in% )( P%%l )%&l '(!%&( )( Plaini!! "i*(" in% )( P%%l an"
!!(&(" )( A55i"(n ' )( li!(,a&" 3&((n "i" n% &(a5 % 5)
'()a*i%&. 1& 1illa& '+i )a )( '&i(!in, % )( li!(,a&"
$3a&i5la&l a % &nnin,/:+3in,/"i*in, an" )(i& na&( (?(n an"
!&(@(n5 a&( 5l(a&l &(l(*an % a li(l i( in )( a5i%n an" a&(
&(@i&(" % (na'l( )( Plaini!! 5lai+ % '( 3&%3(&l 3l(a"(". H(n5(
)( Plaini!! (( 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n F '(in, all "%5+(n
5%+in, in% (?i(n5( '(8((n S(3(+'(& 2000 an" O5%'(& 200< $%&
n%8 as a res!lt 2 '&i(!in, % li!(,a&" a )( P%%l.
709. 1 C)an in )(& a!!i&+ai%n 5lai+ )a '&i(!in, %
li!(,a&" a )( P%%l 8(&(/a&( "%n( *(&'all ' A+(nii( Aian
$P%%l an" )( "% n% )a*( a 3&a5i5( %! 5&(ain, "%5+(n $(,
+in( as a res!lt 2 5) '&i(!in, ,i*(n 3&an % %3(&ai%n
,i"(lin( an"/%& n%i5( i(" ' LCS )(a"@a&(& !&%+ i+( %
i+(.
770. 1& 1illa& a55(3 )a a )i a,( )( Plaini!! 5ann% ,%
'()in" 1 C)an a(&i%n +a"( %n a!!i&+ai%n ' a&,( in )i
8&i(n '+ii%n )a 8&i(n ,i"(lin( &(lain, % )( %&al '&i(!in,
% li!(,a&" an" "%5+(n (*i"(n5in, )( li!(,a&" a")(&(n5( % 5)
'&i(!in, a&( 5l(a&l &(l(*an % a li(l i( in )i a5i%n an" n(5(a&
% (na'l( )( Plaini!! % 3&%3(&l 3l(a" )i 5lai+. H( a33(a& % '(
n"(& )( i+3&(i%n )a )( ,i"(lin( an"/%& n%i5( i(" ' LCS
)(a"@a&(& !&%+ i+( % i+( 3&an % 8)i5) %&al '&i(!in, a&( ,i*(n
% li!(,a&" a&( 8i)in )( 5%3( %! %5+(n F. H( (*(nall
a5n%8l(",(" in )i '+ii%n in &(3l '(!%&( +( )a )((
"%5+(n a&( n% a res!lt 2 '&i(!in, % li!(,a&" a )( P%%l % )(
+a"( )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n % (( 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! N(8
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%5+(n F $i( all "%5+(n in5l"in, %3(&ai%nal ,i"(lin( an"
'&i(!in, )a 5a+( in% (?i(n5( '(8((n S(3(+'(& 2000 an" O5%'(&
200< a % ,i"an5( %& '&i(!in, ,i*(n % li!(,a&" a )( C%+3l(?/P%%l
5%n5(&nin, )(i& "i( %n (n!%&5in, &l( an" &(,lai%n %n a!( a
)( C%+3l(?/P%%l in 'ii%n %! %5+(n F.
777. 1& La8 &(i )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n %n (*(&al
,&%n" all %! 8)i5) I !in" % '( 3(&ai*(. Fi& %5+(n F an"
N(8 %5+(n F a&( i,ni!i5anl "i!!(&(n 5la( %! "%5+(n. T)(
la(& &(l !&%+ %&al '&i(!in, % li!(,a&" ' )( !%&+(& i )(
3&(+i( !%& 5) %&al '&i(!in, a&( ,i*(n. S(5%n"l )( R(!%&+lai%n
A33li5ai%n !i& &ai(" "&in, )( 1& 1illa& '+ii%n in &(3l $i(
a!(& 1& La8 a""&((" %n )( 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& &(@( !%& %5+(n
F i n"(nia'l la(. 1& La8 a )( i na'l( % a( 3&%3(&
in&5i%n an" i )(&(!%&( (+'a&&a(" ' )( la( a33li5ai%n.
H%8(*(& 1& La8 !ai&l 5%n5("( (*(n )%,) )( a )( 5%3( %! N(8 %5+(n F ill i %% 8i"( )( Plaini!! i a li'(& $i! )( (( !i
% &(5a )( &(@( !%& )( a!%&(ai" ,i"(lin( an"/%& n%i5( i(" '
LCS )(a"@a&(& !&%+ i+( % i+( in a 5%n5i( !a)i%n an" % +a(
!&() &(@( !%& "i5%*(& %! 5) 5la %! "%5+(n i! )(
R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n i "i+i(".
772. A an%)(& !a5%& a,ain )( (?(&5i( %! "i5&(i%n in !a*%&
%! )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n 1& La8 '+i $an" I a55(3 )a
N(8 %5+(n F a 3&((nl !%&+la(" i %% 8i"(l 5a !%& i 5%*(&
%3(&ai%nal ,i"(lin( an" '&i(!in, !%& a 3(&i%" %! < (a& !&%+
S(3(+'(& 2000 % O5%'(& 200< 5%*(&in, all +a(& &(lain, %
li!(,a&" a )( C%+3l(?/P%%l =5%n5(&nin, )(i& "i( %n (n!%&5in,
&l( an" &(,lai%n %n a!(>. S5) ,i"an5( an" '&i(!in, +a !%&
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(?a+3l( 5%*(& a!( in in, 8a(& li"( an" 3la (@i3+(n ( %!
a!( (@i3+(n 5a&&in, %! 3(&%nal a!( (@i3+(n %n "
in&%"5i%n %! in5(ni*(/&(8a&" 5)(+( !%& &("5in, 3%%l in5i"(n (5
$(( (5i%n
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)a 1 C)an )a n% 5%n5("(" )a an ,i"(lin( an"/%& n%i5( i("
' LCS )(a"@a&(& !&%+ i+( % i+( 8ill n(5(a&il '( )(
':(5 %! a%+ai5 "i5%*(&. H(& a!!i&+ai%n i+3l &(5%,ni( )a
%n5( )( Plaini!! )a 3&%3(&l 3l(a"(" )i 5lai+ )( (!(n"an 8ill '(
a'l( % a5(&ain 8)()(& an %! 5) ,i"(lin( an"/%& n%i5( i
&(l(*an % )( +a(& in i( an" i! )(&( a&( )( +a )a*( % '(
"i5l%(" n"(& a%+ai5 "i5%*(&. Sin5( )( 3&((n 3&%5(("in, )a*(
( % &(a5) )( a,( %! 3l(a"in, i i i+3%&an % 5l(a&l "(!in( )(
5%3( %! )( "%5+(n %,) % )a )( "(3%n(n %! )( "i5l%in,
3a& 8ill n% '( 3 in% an in*i"i% 3%ii%n 8)(n 8(a&in, )(
&(l(*an a!!i"a*i n"(& O&"(& 24 &l( ; %! )( RHC an" % )a )(
"i5l%in, 3a& 8ill n% '( '&"(n(" 8i) "i5l%in, i&&(l(*an an"/%&
nn(5(a& "%5+(n. I )(&(!%&( "i+i )( R(!%&+lai%n
A33li5ai%n.
8I. CONCLUSION
776. T)( Plaini!! %li5i%& in )( C%&&(3%n"(n5( an" 1&
1illa& in )i 8&i(n '+ii%n )a*( %,) "i5l%&( %! )( l(,al
a"*i5( +(ni%n(" in )( a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an an" 1& C)an. T)(
Plaini!! )a n% a(n % an ++%n !%& 5) 3&3%( an" I )a*(
"(5lin(" % "(al 8i) 5) +a(&. O %! a'n"an5( %! 5ai%n 8)(n I
&(!(& % l(,al a"*i5( '(in, =+(ni%n("> in )( a!!i&+ai%n %! 1 C)an
an" 1& C)an I !%&+ n% *i(8 a % 8)()(& 5) l(,al a"*i5( )a '((n
"(3l%(" an"/%& 8)()(& 5) =+(ni%n> i !!i5i(n % :i! )(
Plaini!! &(@( !%& "i5l%&(.
77;. T)(&( i n% &(a%n 8) 5% )%l" n% !%ll%8 (*(n % )(
(!(n"an )%l" '( (nil(" % 5% %! $a )( Plaini!! a33li5ai%n !%&
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3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n C E an" F an" N(8 %5+(n C
an" an" $' )( R(!%&+lai%n A33li5ai%n.
77. T)( Plaini!! )a a5)i(*(" +in%& 55( in &(3(5 %! )(
&(@( !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %! %5+(n A ' )a !ail(" in &(3(5 %!
)( 'l %! )( 5la %! "%5+(n %,). T)(&( i n% &(a%n 8) 5%
)%l" n% !%ll%8 )( &(3(5i*( (*(n.
779. In &(3(5 %! )( a33li5ai%n !%& 3(5i!i5 "i5%*(& %!
%5+(n B I a+ %! )( *i(8 )a )( a33&%3&ia( %&"(& i n% %&"(& a %
5%. T)( (!(n"an 5ann% '( !al(" !%& n% "i5l%in, )(
+(+%&an"+ an" ann(? 7 )(&(% a )i a,( %! )( 3&%5(("in,. I "%
n% (( )( &(l(*an5( %! )( +(+%&an"+ )a &(@i&( *%lna&
"i5l%&( %n )( 3a& %! )( (!(n"an a )i a,( %! )( 3&%5(("in,.
F&)(& ann(? 7 i 3a& %! )( RSO R(3%& )a )a al&(a" '((n
"i5l%(" '(!%&( ian5( %! )( S++%n. B a )( a+( i+( i in&3&iin, )a )( n%ai%n %! =ann(? 2> %n )( RS R(3%& a&%(
)( 5&i%i %! )( Plaini!! %li5i%&. Gi*(n + "i&(5i%n %! 77
N%*(+'(& 2070 &(@i&in, )( Plaini!! % i( )( S++%n !%& 3(5i!i5
"i5%*(& $(( 3a&a,&a3) 7< a'%*( )( in5li%n %! a &(@( !%&
%5+(n B 8i)% an 3&i%& &(@( i n"(&an"a'l(. In + *i(8 a
!ai& %&"(& 8ill '( n% %&"(& a % 5%.
720. Tain, all %! )( a'%*( +a(& in% 5%ni"(&ai%n an"
'(a&in, in +in" )a )( (!(n"an i (nil(" % a 'anial 3%&i%n %!
)( 5% %! )( S++%n an" )( Plaini!! i (nil(" % a +all(& 3%&i%n
%! 5) 5% 8i) an a""(" (l(+(n %! n% %&"(& a % 5% in &(lai%n %
%5+(n B I a+ %! )( *i(8 )a a!(& n(in, %!! )( *a&i%
(nil(+(n a !ai& %&"(& 8ill '( !%& )( Plaini!! "% 3a % )( (!(n"an
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8%)i&" %! )( 5% %! S++%n in5l"in, all 5% &((&*(" % '(
++a&il a((" 8i) )( Plaini!! %8n 5% '( a?(" in a55%&"an5(
8i) L(,al Ai" R(,lai%n an" I +a( a 5% %&"(& nisi % 5) (!!(5.
727. 1& La8 a !%& 5(&i!i5a( !%& 5%n(l % )a )(
(!(n"an 8ill &(5%*(& 5% %n )( 'ai %! )i+ a5in, a n%i%nal
5%n(l an" )i 5%ll(a,( a n%i%nal in&5in, %li5i%&. T)i &ai( an
in(&(in, i( a % 8)()(& OJ i (nil(" % (( 5% in 5)
+ann(& ' in )( (n" i i n% a +a(& )a I n((" % &(%l*(. I a+ n%
3(&a"(" )a )( a33li5ai%n i %! 5) 5%+3l(?i a % 8a&&an
5(&i!i5a( !%& 5%n(l.
722. F%& ++a& a(+(n %! )( 5% in 3a&a,&a3) 720
a'%*( I ,&an !&)(& "i&(5i%n a !%ll%8
$a i! n% a33li5ai%n i +a"( % *a& )( 5% %&"(& nisi 8i)in
74 "a !&%+ %"a )( (!(n"an "% 8i)in 27 "a !&%+%"a l%",( an" (&*( a(+(n %! 5% $n% (?5(("in, 8%
3a,( 3&an % P&a5i5( i&(5i%n 74. an" )( Plaini!!
"% 8i)in ; "a )(&(a!(& l%",( an" (&*( %n(3a,(
55in5 ++a& %! %':(5i%nD
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