hcl report (pre final)

8/4/2019 Hcl Report (Pre Final)

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HINDUSTAN COMPUTERS LIMITED

ST.XAVIERS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

(SEMESTER V)

(2010-2011)

AT

HCL INFO,

Ballard Estate, Mumbai-400001

Andheri, Marol, Mumbai-400067

BY

1. 0803076 Salil Tembe2. 0803203 Naman Karir3. 0803059 Pankaj Patil4. 0803103 Tarkeshwar Gupta5. 0803065 Divyang Potdar6. 0803066 Prasad Rahate


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ST. XAVIERS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

MAHIM, MUMBAI-400 016.CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. Salil Tembe HAS SATISFACTORLY

COMPLETED THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT HCL Infosystems IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COURSE CONDUCTED BY ST.

XAVIERS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE.

GUIDE TRAINING COORDINATOR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

YEAR 2010-2011


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MAHIM, MUMBAI-400 016.CERTIFCATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. Naman Karir HAS SATISFACTORLY







YEAR 2010-2011


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MAHIM, MUMBAI-400016.CERTIFCATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. PankajPatil HAS SATISFACTORLY







YEAR 2010-2011


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MAHIM, MUMBAI-400016.CERTIFCATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. Tarkeshwar Gupta HAS SATISFACTORLY







________________________________

YEAR 2010-2011


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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. Divyang Potdar HAS SATISFACTORLY







YEAR 2010-2011


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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. Prasad Rahate HAS SATISFACTORLY

COMPLETED THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT HCL Infosystems IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND






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HCL BRANCHES

SECTION 1:-

HCL INFOSYS, UDYOG BHAVAN, BALLARD ESTATE, CST (W.)

SECTION 2:-

HCL SERVICE CENTER, MILLITARY ROAD, NEAR SEVENTH

HILL HOSPITAL, MAROL, MAROSHI, ANDHERI (E.)


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INDEX

Section 1

Chapter 1:- Assembling of computers Chapter 2:- Network IP addressing and interfacing Chapter 3:- The core banking system Chapter 4:- Networking

Section 2

Chapter 1:- Sections of HCL services Chapter 2:- TATA SKY SET TOP BOX Chapter 3:- Block diagram Chapter 4:- Stages in STB


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to say very thanks to principal sir Mr. S.B.Ghungrad for giving us

opportunity to work in Hindustan computers limited as an employee in the internship

period. The internship period was from 15thJune 15th July. We are also thanks to Mr.

Kamath sir who arranged all the batches.

Our vocational training period was very nice because in between that period we

learn many things which may be very useful for our future life.

We are under the H.O.D Mr.S. Ghungrad So, we are also thankful to our HOD Ms.

S.Y.Patani to give good response.

INTRODUCTION

In 1976, Shiv Nadar, ArjunMalhotra, SubhashArora, Badam Kishore Kumar,

T.V.Bharadwaj&Arun Kumar H started Microcomp Limited. The focus of the company

was design and manufacturing of scientific calculators. The venture provided itsfounders money to start a company that focused on manufacturing computers. In the

earliar HCL stands for Hindustan Computers Limited but now HCL is only one name.

But our internship was in HCLservice center (andheri[e]).

This HCL service center mainly repairs tata sky set top box. We understood al

the processes from which the STB will get repaired. The manufacturers of that STB

mainly Thompson group, etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976


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SECTION 1

Chapter 1

ASSEMBLING OF COMPUTER

1. Install all the components on the motherboard including memory modules,processor, and expansion cards, and also all connections for the motherboard.

2. Install the power supply at its proper location in the computer case and connect it tothe motherboard.

3. Install all the drives at the appropriate drive bays and connect the drive to themotherboard and the power supply.

4. Attach all the external devices and peripherals to the computer case and the mainpower supply.

5. Slid back the computer case cover on the computer case and tighten it usingscrews.

6. Connect the computer to the main power supply.ASSEMBLING MEANS CONNECTING ALL THE PARTS TOGETHER

PARTS OF THE COMPUTER:

THE PART OF COMPUTER IS AS FOLLOWS:

PLACING MOTHERBOARD. PLACE THE SMPS. CONNECT THE RAMP. PLACEING THE PROCESSOR. HARD DISK. DVD WRITER. FRONT PANNEL OF CABINET I/O DEVICES. CRT OR LCD

Motherboard:-

A motherboard is the soul of the computer. This is the most important entity, the

processor, is embedded and the connections of all the peripherals of the

computer are connected.


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Basically a motherboard is a PCB circuit which has the basic things required for the

processing and for the applications of the computers. It consists of:-

Processor (CPU) RAM PCI Slots AGP Slots IDE Slots (Hard disk and CD ROM) ATX Connectors (Power Supply) North Bridge South Bridge CMOS Battery PS/2 Connectors Parallel Port USB Port Serial Port LAN Port


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VGA Port Audio and Microphone Jack

PROCESSOR:

The processor is the Central Processing Unit. It is a digital component. Its clock

frequency is generally a multiple of the system frequency i.e. Motherboard frequency.

Figures show the placing of processor.


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PLACING OF RAM ON THE MOTHERBOARD

RAMIt is a part of computer data storage (memory). It is Random Access Memory.As the name suggests,

any piece data can be

accessed at a constant

time, regardless of its

place in the physical

memory. Greatest the

RAM size fastest is the

operation. The latest

RAM is DDR 3.

The RAM must be places in

such a way that the slots get

aligned with the slots on the

DIMM slot on the board.

Not much force must be used if the RAM slot doesnt get connected properly. Check if

the RAM is being inserted properly in the DIMM slots. More force would probably

damage it.

INSTALLING OF DRIVE:

Different types of external drives commonly found in a PC are:

HARD DISK DRIVE FLOPPY DISK DRIVE, [found only in old computers] ANY OPTICAL DISK DRIVE LIKE CD-ROM DRIVE, ETC.

The Hard disk drive must be connected in order to make the system boot.


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HDDs are available in SATA, eSATA, PATA, IDE, iSCSI. SATA has a faster transfer rate

while the iSCSI has even more transfer rate and thus it is used in server systems.

PATA is outdated and seldom used in modern devices.

SMPS [Switching Mode power Supply]

It is the block of circuit that supplies main power to the motherboard. It divides the

power and distributes to the other peripherals. For different motherboard different

types of SMPS are used with different power specifications. It uses 24 pins Molex

connector. The output voltage of SMPS does not exceeds 20volts

Identify and fit the screws that are holding the power supply to the computercase, from the back of the computer case. As the power supply is quite heavy,

the best practice to fit the screws is to first fit he first few initial screws. Then,

giving support to the power supply fit the remaining screws. This prevents the

power supply from falling in the computer case.


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Chapter 2

Network Interfacing and IP addressing

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware device that handlesan interface to a computer network and allows a network-capable device to

access that network.

An IP address is a logical address that is assigned by software residing in a

server or router (see DHCP). In order to locate a device in the network, thelogical IP address is converted to a physical address by a function within the

TCP/IP protocol software (see ARP). The physical address is actually built into the

hardware (see MAC address)

An IPv4 address is composed of four sets of 8 binary bits, which are referred toas octets. The result is that IP addresses are 32 bits in length. Each bit in each

octet is assigned a decimal value. The leftmost bit has a value of 128, followed

by 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1, left to right.

Each bit in the octet can be either a 1 or a 0. If the value is 1, it is counted as itsdecimal value, and if it is 0, it is ignored. If all the bits are 0, the value of the

octet is 0. If all the bits in the octet are 1, the value is 255, which is

128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1. IPv6 is short for "Internet Protocol Version 6". IPv6 is the "next generation"

protocol designed by the IETF (The Internet Engineering Task Force) to replace

the current version Internet Protocol, IP Version 4 ("IPv4").
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfacehttp://www.answers.com/topic/dhcphttp://www.answers.com/topic/address-resolution-protocolhttp://www.answers.com/topic/mac-addresshttp://www.ietf.org/http://www.ietf.org/http://www.answers.com/topic/mac-addresshttp://www.answers.com/topic/address-resolution-protocolhttp://www.answers.com/topic/dhcphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface


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The MAC address is a unique value associated with a network adapter. MACaddresses are also known as hardware addresses or physical addresses. They

uniquely identify an adapter on a LAN.

MAC addresses are 12-digit hexadecimal numbers (48 bits in length).Classes of IP Addresses:-

Class A: Class A addresses are specified to networks with large number of totalhosts. Class A allows for 126 networks by using the first octet for the network ID.

The first bit in this octet, is always set and fixed to zero. And next seven bits in

the octet is all set to one, which then complete network ID. The 24 bits in the

remaining octets represent the hosts ID, allowing 126 networks and

approximately 17 million hosts per network. Class A network number values

begin at 1 and end at 127.

Class B: Class B addresses are specified to medium to large sized of networks.Class B allows for 16,384 networks by using the first two octets for the network

ID. The two bits in the first octet are always set and fixed to 1 0. The remaining

6 bits, together with the next octet, complete network ID. The 16 bits in the third

and fourth octet represent host ID, allowing for approximately 65,000 hosts per

network. Class B network number values begin at 128 and end at 191.

Class C: Class C addresses are used in small local area networks (LANs). Class Callows for approximately 2 million networks by using the first three octets for the

network ID. In class C address three bits are always set and fixed to 1 1 0. And

in the first three octets 21 bits complete the total network ID. The 8 bits of thelast octet represent the host ID allowing for 254 hosts per one network. Class C

network number values begin at 192 and end at 223.

Class D and E:Classes D and E are not allocated to hosts. Class D addressesare used for multicasting, and class E addresses are not available for general

use: they are reserved for future purposes.

Private IP First Private IP Last Private IP

Class A 10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254

Class B 172.16.0.1 172.31.255.254

Class C 192.168.0.1 192.168.255.254
http://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-adapter.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-adapter.htm


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Chapter 3

The Core Banking System

One of the tasks given to us during the training period at HCL was to survey the

computers located at different branches of Syndicate Bank. The work that was given to

us was to check if the computers at the branch location were under the annual

maintenance contract of HCL. If yes, then take down the computer details and mark it

down on the list, and stick a label which marked that the computer is in AMC of HCL.

Because of this we had a chance to travel to almost all places of Mumbai. Syndicate

bank has around 78 branches in and around Mumbai. This work was divided among the

9 students that were working at the Ballard Estate office of HCL.

Vashi, Nerul, Ulhasnagar, Masjid Bunder, Andheri, Virar, Vasai, Nalasopara, etc, were

some of the places we had to visit for AMC.

Different devices used in bank were networked computers (connected in Star

topology), network printers, passbook printers, scanners and all this was connected to

a IBM xSeries Server.

Main thing to learn from these bank visits was how the backend of the banking system

works.

Core Banking System:

The core banking system can be simplified into basic banking system. Core meansbasic, and this system works at a very simplified level of operation.

To understand this CBS we will go from the bottom level i.e. the bank branch to the

Reserve bank level.

Every bank branch has at least one IBM server or whatever server the Bank regional

office IT section decides. Different server manufacturers are DELL, HP, IBM, etc.

Dell manufactures blade servers which are highly efficient and they consume very less

power. Over that, the blade server has multiple cores and can serve enormous

amounts of requests. While the IBM is popular for manufacturing super computers and

highly efficient small business servers.

The kind of servers used in syndicate bank at branch level were IBM xSeries servers,

which had Intel Xeon server processor.

Purpose of branch server: Every transaction that occurred on the networked branch

computer was done on this server. Transactions such as cash deposit in customer

account, cash withdraw, interest, loans, new accounts, etc. are recorded and processed


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on the server. The networked computers have no real meaning in processing other

than acting as client computers in a cloud. (Cloud is a computing environment where

clients have very little processing power and most of the processing is done remotely

on the server. Several clients are connected to this main server cluster. A cloud is

becoming a very popular architecture in business computing.)

The client computer is connected to the server by a software program called

FlexCube. The client computer uses the flexcube client software, while the server has

a flexcube server process running. Every transaction is carried out by means of this

software. Flexcube is a very popular software and it is used almost every bank where a

CBS architecture is used.

Such a type of computing environment is found at almost every Syndicate bank or any

other bank which has implemented the CBS.

As we move on upwards, we come to the Regional office. The regional office is a head

office of that particular bank. For syndicate bank, it is located in Maker Tower, Cuff

Parade, Mumbai. This office maintains every record of the transaction that has

occurred in any of its branches. All the transactions that occur in the syndicate bank

branches are recorded and logged at the main office servers. The main office has

several servers. Every bank branch is connected to this regional office by means of a

leased internet connection.

As the transaction occurs in any of the bank branch it is logged on the branch server.

The branch server forwards this transaction data to the regional office. The regional

office has a database of all the transactions that occur in its branches. This enables the

customer to deposit money at some other branch of syndicate bank, because after all

the data is going to be logged to the regional office. That is why you can have access

to your bank account anywhere in Mumbai or outside belonging to a particular bank.

Reserve bankserversConnected to all banks

Main office

serverOwned by bank

BranchserverOwned by bank

BranchServer

Owned by bank

Branchserver

Owned by bank

Local storage

serverBackups


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As we move upwards, we see that there are several back up servers. These backup

servers are found at regional office which takes daily backups of all the data logged

into the servers. This prevents interrupts in the bank transaction and normal operation.

Such an architecture of is commonly used for different banks such as Cosmos bank,

Saraswat bank, ICICI, SBI, etc.

We now reach the topmost level of the CBS. We find the Reserve bank servers. The

reserve bank servers are large in quantity, much more than the main bank office

servers. Tens of servers all used to record and log the transaction of every bank in the

nation. These servers are partially responsible for determining the economic strength

of the nation. At night, after the bank shuts down, the Main office server initiates a

transfer. The transfer of the bank transactions that occurred in its bank branches is

initiated. Every transaction is sent to the reserve bank server. Nothing much about it is

known.

Such a system is also helpful in efficient internet banking system.


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Chapter 4

NETWORKING

A network is, fundamentally, a system of senders and receivers. Any machine capableof communicating on the network is a device or node. A computer network is a

collection of interconnected autonomous computers.

FEATURES OF NETWORKING:-

Fast Speed. Low Cost. Security. Centralized Software Management. Resource Sharing. Electronic Mail. Workgroup Computing.


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TYPES OF NETWORK:-

1.BASED ON COMPUTING MODEL2.BASED ON GEO-GRAPHICAL AREA

CONDITION

3.BASED ON TOPOLOGIES4.BASED ON SERVER CENTRIC

BASED ON COMPUTING MODELa) Centralized computing model :-Centralized computing is computing done

at a central location, using terminals that are attached to a central computer.The computer itself may control all the peripherals directly (if they are physically

connected to the central computer), or they may be attached via a terminaserver. Alternatively, if the terminals have the capability, they may be able to

connect to the central computer over the network. The terminals may be textterminals or thin clients, for example.

b) Distributed computing model :-

Distributed computing is a field ofcomputer science that studies distributed

systems. A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that

communicate through a computer network. The computers interact with each other in

order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed

system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the

process of writing such programs.

b) Collaborative computing model :-Collaborative computing is a fertile melange of technologies and techniques

which facilitate people working together via computer-assisted means.

LAN - Local Area Network

A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office

building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one

building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN

will span a group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not

always implemented as a single IP subnet.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_lan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/tcpip/http://compnetworking.about.com/od/workingwithipaddresses/g/bldef_subnet.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/workingwithipaddresses/g/bldef_subnet.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/tcpip/http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_lan.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminal


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Bus :-

Single cable acts as backbone to link all devices in the network. Communication

controlled by each device on network. It isconnected by co-axial cable

.

b) Ring :-In this, devices form a ring. No central controller. Message pass around the

ring..Single loop of cable; no terminated ends. It is connected by fiber optic cable.

Also sharing of work is possible , but it share the work in loop only .


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c) Mesh :-In this , every device has dedicated point to point link to every other device.

It is simple logical but complex physical topology. In this also sharing of work is

possible . Means anyone can share work with other.

Hybrid-mesh :-

It is nothing but collection or group of two or more than two topologies.

Example. Group of bus and star topology . All above topologies are connected then it

is called as hybrid-mesh.

Based on server centric

1. PEER TO PEER NETWORK

Allow users to share resources and files located on their computers

and to access shared resources found on other computers. All computers

are considered equal.

Examples: Windows for Workgroups


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2. CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK

Allow the network to centralize functions and applications in one or

more dedicated file servers. The file servers become the heart of the system.

Examples: Windows 2000 Server.


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SECTION 2

Chapter 1

HCL SERVICE CENTER (Andheri)

Set-up box is manufactured by THOMPSONS-marketed by Tata-Sky & serviced and repaired

by HCL. These STB's(set-up boxes) come from the entire country & they are about 200-300 or more STB's a

week from around India.

We worked in Tata sky department of HCL during one month of industrial

training.


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Chapter 2

TATA SKY Set Top Box

TATA SKY Set Top Box mainly classified in twotypes as follows

1]MPEG-4

2] MPEG-2

MPEG-2 is sub-grouped into 2 types

A] Surya

b] Saturn

MPEG-4 is quite advantageous rather than MPEG-2 because MPEG-4 has

storing capability up to certain limit. And outer look of MPEG-4 is also attractive than

MPEG-2.


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Chapter 3

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF STB

THE SECTIONS OF STB:-

POWER SUPPLY UNIT:-Power supply section is an external adapter to supply+12v dc to PCB.

AUDIO AND VIDIO SECTION:-Audio section must be amplified by U101 and tuneto a channel with known signal. The DS340 unit has single chip processor

STi5202 which has an internal video DAC that directly creates composite video

waveforms.

SIGNAL SECTION: - The RF SIGNAL is feed from the F-connectors and amplifiedby UZ181and demodulated by UF117.

KEYPAD SECTION:-keypad section consist of connector JX101 with correspondingkeyboard matrix line k0,k1,k2,k3


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IMPORTANT PARTS IN STB

1. POWER ICS7.

2. REGULATORS IC

3. FLASH

4. SDRAM

5. MAIN IC (STi5202)

6. AUDIO IC

7. VIDIO IC

8. SMART CARD SLOT

Internal Circuit of a Set-Top Box.


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Chapter 4

STAGES IN STB

The STB passed through following process:-

Cleaning Process QMC Process Repairing Process Soaking Process Final Checking Process

THE FLOWCHART OF STB PROCESSES

Cleaning of the STB.

Punching of STB

Repairing of the STB.

Soaking process.

Quality check

Panel changing.

Final check.

After going through this all processes the STB will get finally dispatch for sale.


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1. CLEANING PROCESS

Cleaning takes place in the following manner:-

1) Boxes are opened are removed from the bubble bag.

2) MPEG-2 (Saturn, Surya) & MPEG-4 are separately stacked.

3) Unscrewed and screws of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 are separated.

4) With the help of a tweezers the card reader slot is opened.

5) Then finally cleaning is started.

In cleaning section we have to clean STB with IPA, Colin and cloths. Physica

damage and liquid damage should be checked. We also have to check the cosmetic asper Tata Sky Visual criteria.

Theses are some cleaning products by which the STB mismarks are clean.

After cleaning process all the STB goes towards QMC process for various

checkpoints.


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2. QC PROCESS

As per STB comes from cleaning process, we checked the query of STB and

identify the fault for it. The following checkpoints should be checked

Check for Digicard detecting. Checking for rust on connectors. Check signal quality and signal strength. Check the latest software version. Check the cosmetic as per Tata Sky Visual Criteria. Check for rust on broad and connector. Check for power on self test. Check audio with both ports.

After going from QC process; STB goes for repairing process


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3. REPAIRING PROCESS

These are some normally occurring problems in STB

Repairing of DEAD UNIT Repairing of NO SIGNAL Repairing of NO SIGNAL(Audio) Repairing of Smart Card fault

Some major problems can be occurs in STB are as follows

Satellite Link problem

In repairing section mainly two types of STB comes for repairing i.e. SURYA and

MPEG-4 because production of SATURN is stopped by Tata Sky Set Top Box.


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I. REPARING OF DEAD UNITWhenever STB get dead; problem must be within power supply section of

STB. The firstly we checked for 12v at power adaptor voltage and if problem is not

there in supply then problem must be within capacitor C403 and C404.

II. REPAIRING OF NO SIGNALThe problem for no signal must be within signal cable and excluding this

the frequency must be within 9750MHz-10600. Excluding this frequency cant be

link by receiver at earth station.

III. REPARING OF NO AUDIOIn no audio signal problem must be within Audio cable. If the problem is

not found in audio cable then problem must be within Ic U6.

IV. REPARING OF SMART CARD FAULTIn smart card fault connectors J1 and J6 must be damaged or pushed. If

there are no visual defaults problem must be within Ic U1.

After repairing process, STB goes for soaking process and if any fault

found in soaking, again it comes for repairing process.


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4.SOAKING PROCESS

In this process STB are set for soaking process for more than 4 hours. This is

final checking before STB get dispatch from service center.

In this process we checked for following stages:-

Video freezing Audio distortion Keypad section Signal strength and signal quality checking

If this test fails, then forward the product to pervious repair stages.

If this test passes, forward the STB to final testing process.


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5. FINAL TESTING PROCESS

This is the final process before dispatchingSTB.

The checkpoints for the final testing process is as follows

Check serial no. and Nds. No Panel changing Checking of audio section Checking of video section Checking of keypad section

After this process, STB get dispatch from service center of STB. Tata sky

sell this STB as new one and this recycling process goes on.

hcl report (pre final)

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