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    Hazard Warning

    Symbols

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    Flammable

    Explosive

    Corrosive

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    Poisonous

    Irritant

    Radioactive

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    Laboratory

    Apparatus

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    Process Skillin Science

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    Steps in

    ScientificInvestigation

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    Mengenalpasti masalah

    Identifying the problem

    Mencadangkan hipotesisSuggesting hypothesis

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    Mengenalpasti pembolehubah

    Identifying the variables

    Menjalankan eksperimenCarrying out an experiment

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    Mengumpul data/pemerhatianCollecting data/observations

    Menganalisa dan mentafsirkan dataAnalysing and interpreting data

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    Menghasilkan kesimpulan

    Forming a conclusion

    Kesimpulan yang menyokong hipotesis teori sains akandihasilkan Sekiranya kesimpulan tidak menyokong

    hipotesis, maka eksperimen terpaksa diulang semula denganmencadangkan hipotesis yang baru

    Conclusion supported by the hypothesis, scientific theory

    will be formed But, if the conclusion dosentsupports thehypothesis, the scientists need to repeat the experiment

    by forming new hypothesis.

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    Faktor yang sentiasa kekalsepanjang eksperimenFactors which kept the samethroughout the experiment

    Types of Variables

    Pemboleh ubah dimalarkanConstant Variables

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    Faktor yang sengaja diubahuntuk eksperimenFactors which purposelychanged for the experiment

    Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikanManipulated Variables

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    Faktor yang berubah,bergantung kepadapembolehubah menipulasi.Factors that will change,

    depending on the manipulatedvariables.

    Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasRespondingVariables

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    Physical Quantities &

    Their units

    Kuantiti Fizikal &Unitnya

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    Physical quantities are quantities thatcan be measured.

    We often measure quantities likelength, mass, time, temperature, andelectric current when carrying out

    scientific investigation.

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    Kuantiti fizikal bermaksud kuantiti yangboleh diukur.

    Kita selalu mengukur kuntiti fizikalseperti panjang,jisim,masa, suhu dan

    arus elektrik.

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    Physical quantities is measured in SIunits.

    SI referred to French term LeSysteme International dUnites.

    SI means International System ofUnits.

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    Kuantiti fizikal diukur menggunakanunit SI

    SI unit merujuk kepada perkatanPerancis iaitu Le Systeme

    International dUnites

    SI unit bermaksud Sistem UnitInternasional.

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    QuantityKuantiti

    UnitUnit

    Symbol of UnitSimbol untuk unit

    LengthPanjang

    metre m

    MassJisim kilogram kg

    TimeMasa

    second s

    TemperatureSuhu

    kelvin K

    Electric CurrentArus Elektrik

    ampere A

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    Using Prefixes in

    MeasurementPenggunaan Imbuhan Awal

    dalam Pengukuran

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    We usually use prefixes when the quantitieswe measure have very big values or verysmall values. The use of prefixes makes

    easier for us to write data

    Kita biasanya menggunakan prefix apabila nilaikuntiti yang diukur adalahterlalu besaratauterlalu kecil. Penggunaan prefix memudahkan

    kita untuk menulis data.

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    PrefixPrefix

    SymbolSimbol

    Value of PrefixNilai Prefix

    kilo- k 1000centi- c 1/100milli- m 1/1000

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    Mass&

    WeightJisim

    &Berat

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    MASS / JISIM WEIGHT / BERAT

    Quantity of mattercontained in an object

    Kuantiti jirim yang terdapatdalam sesuatu objek.

    DEFINITION

    DEFINISI

    The Earths gravitational pullon object

    Daya tarikan Gravititerhadap sesuatu objek

    Kilogram (kg) SI UNIT

    UNIT SI

    Newton (N)

    Lever balance, triple beambalance or electronic balance

    Neraca Tuas, Neraca TigaPalang, Neraca Elektronik

    TOOL OFMEASUREMENT

    ALAT UNTUK

    MENGUKUR

    Spring balance

    Neraca Spring

    Mass of an object does notchange

    Jisim sesuatu objek tidakberubah

    CHARACTERISTICS

    CIRI-CIRI

    Weight of an object changesfrom place to place

    Jisim sesuatu objek berubahdari satu tempat ke satu

    tempat lain.

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    Measuring Tools

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    CONDITION TOOLS

    Length of short straight line

    Length of long straight line

    Length of curved line

    External diameter

    Internal diameter

    Area of regular shape

    Area of irregular shape

    Measuring volume of liquid

    Measuring of irregular object andregular shape