1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Managing People

Customers

Strategy

Organization

Operations

Change Management

Leadership

IT Innovation

Global Business

Performance Measurement

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 98 10

The Globalization of Markets T. Levitt, 1983 (3,586)

The Competitive Advantage of NationsM.E. Porter, 1990 (45,763)*

Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise SystemT.H. Davenport, 1998 (2,952)

Marketing MyopiaT. Levitt, 1960 (2,386)

How Information Gives You Competitive AdvantangeM.E. Porter, V.E. Millar, 1985 (3,844)

The Profitable Art of Service Recovery C.W.L. Hart, J.L. Heskett, W.E. Sasser, Jr., 1990 (1,054)

Zero Defections: Quality Comes to Services F.F. Reichheld, W.E. Sasser, Jr., 1990 (4,314)

Building a LearningOrganization D.A. Garvin, 1993 (4,194)

Why Satisfied Customers DefectT.O. Jones, W.E. Sasser, Jr., 1995 (2,273)

Co-opting Customer Competence C.K. Prahalad, V. Ramaswamy, 2000(1,190)

Choosing Strategies for ChangeJ.P. Kotter, L.A. Schlesinger, 1979 (1,141)

The New New Product Development GameH. Takeuchi, I. Nonaka, 1986 (1,261)

How to Kill CreativityT.M. Amabile, 1998 (1,307)

From Control to Commitment in the WorkplaceR.E. Walton, 1985 (1,373)

Competing for the FutureG. Hamel, C.K. Prahalad, 1994 (7,620)*

What Is Strategy?M.E. Porter, 1996 (5,916)

Strategy and SocietyM.E. Porter, M.R. Kramer, 2006 (2,125)

The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy M.E. Porter, M.R. Kramer, 2002 (1,346)

Strategy and the InternetM.E. Porter, 2001 (3,735)

The Core Competence of the Corporation C.K. Prahalad, G. Hamel, 1990 (17,389)

Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System R.S. Kaplan, D.P. Norton, 1996(3,850)

Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts FailJ.P. Kotter, 1995 (2,726)

Industrial DynamicsJ.W. Forrester, 1958 (1,401)

Skills of an Effective AdministratorR.L. Katz, 1955 (1,350)

The Discipline of InnovationP.F. Drucker, 1985 (1,215)

Double Loop Learning in OrganizationsC. Argyris, 1977 (1,271)

Eclipse of the Public CorporationM.C. Jensen, 1989 (1,765)

SEE LEGEND AT BOTTOM LEFT

*FIGURE INCLUDES CITATIONS FOR THE BOOK OF THE SAME NAME

The Focused FactoryW. Skinner, 1974 (1,058)

Leadership That Gets ResultsD. Goleman, 2000 (1,045)

Disruptive Tech- nologies: Catching the Wave J.L. Bower, C.M. Christensen, 1995 (1,134)

How Competitive Forces Shape StrategyM.E. Porter, 1979(1,927)

What Is the Right Supply Chain for Your Product?M.L. Fisher, 1997(2,165)

Why Focused Strategies May Be Wrong for Emerging MarketsT. Khanna, K. Palepu, 1997 (1,045)

Communities of Prac-tice: The Organizational Frontier E.C. Wenger, W.M. Snyder, 2000 (2,600)

Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, ObliterateM. Hammer, 1990(3,703)

Information Technol-ogy Changes the Way You CompeteF.W. McFarlan, 1984 (1,143)

The Balanced Score-card—Measures That Drive Performance R.S. Kaplan, D.P. Norton, 1992 (9,437)

Loyalty-Based ManagementF.F. Reichheld, 1993(1,097)

Managing Professional Intellect J.B. Quinn, P. Anderson, S. Finkelstein, 1996 (1,117)

1 Planning as Learning A.P. de Geus, 1988 (1,680)

2 Time—The Next Source of Competitive Advantage G. Stalk, Jr., 1988 (1,369)

3 Competing on Capa-bilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy G. Stalk, P. Evans, L.E. Shulman, 1992 (1,855)

4 From Value Chain to Value Constellation: Designing Interactive Strategy R. Normann, R. Ramirez, 1993 (1,328)

5 The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning H. Mintzberg, 1994 (1,208)

6 Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances R.M. Kanter, 1994 (1,690)

7 Competing on Resources D.J. Collis, C.A. Montgomery, 1995 (1,929)

8 Exploiting the Virtual Value Chain J.F. Rayport, J.J. Sviokla, 1995 (1,353)

9 Increasing Returns and the New World of Business W.B. Arthur, 1996 (1,434)

10 Why Business Models Matter J. Magretta, 2002 (1,000)

E-Loyalty: Your Secret Weapon on the WebF.F. Reichheld, P. Schefter, 2000(1,639)

STRATEGY KEY

The House of QualityJ.R. Hauser, D. Clausing, 1988(2,581)

Competing on the Eight Dimensions of QualityD.A. Garvin, 1987(1,279)

The Performance Measurement Manifesto R.G. Eccles, 1991(1,236)

And the Winner Is...

Vision StatementDecades Of Influence

from the everyday world of work—but all are hard to quantify.

The academic field of management study provides a means for assessing HBR’s influence in more-measurable terms. Professors have always been important contributors to HBR’s pages, and they’ve helped turn the magazine into a forum for the ideas at the foun-dation of management theory. So one way to quantify the impact of various

articles is to examine the frequency with which they are cited in academic writing.

A systematic search of the Google Scholar database revealed that of the 12,000 articles HBR has published over the past 90 years, 53 have gar-nered 1,000 or more citations. The list begins in the 1950s and is distributed across 10 broad subject categories. Certain topics caught fire in certain

Data analysis and visualization by Eamonn O’Loughlin

To bring our archive to life in visual form, HBR turned to Kaggle.com, a platform that hosts data competitions. We received entries from all over the world and chose that of Eamonn O’Loughlin, an analytics consultant for Accenture and a fellow in the dynamics lab at University College Dublin. To see other submissions, go to: www.kaggle.com/c/harvard-business-review-vision-statement-prospect. HBR Reprint R1211Z

There are many ways to gauge the im-pact of HBR articles—by the improved performance companies enjoy when they implement the authors’ lessons, by the advancement of managers who’ve found inspiration or gained practical skills, by the degree to which new terms (such as “competitive ad-vantage” and “disruptive innovation”) embed themselves in the language of business. All are real-live examples

periods—strategy in the mid-1990s, operations a little earlier. Some pieces spawned follow-on articles and books that extended their reach. Below is a visual representation of the search results—a detailed timeline of the most influential ideas that have shaped management thinking over the years.CIRCLE SIZES REPRESENT THE NUMBER

OF CITATIONS AS OF SEPTEMBER 2012, LISTED IN PARENTHESES

= 1,000 CITATIONS

HBR.ORG

November 2012 Harvard Business Review 901900  Harvard Business Review November 2012

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