hartford, bridge port, new haven, waterbury_102010_final

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BRIDGEPORT,HARTFORD,

NEW HAVEN, &WATERBURY

A TALE OFDISPROPORTIONATEBURDEN: The specialneeds of Connecticutspoorer cities

October 2010

CCM CANDIDATE BULLETIN


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A Tale of Disproportionate Burden:The special needs of Connecticuts poorer cities

Bridgeport, Hartford, New Haven, & Waterbury

October 2010

October 2010 Connecticut Conference of Municipalities900 Chapel Street, 9th Floor, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-2807

Phone: (203) 498-3000 Fax: (203) 562-6314

E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ccm-ct.org

2010 Connecticut Conference of Municipalities

All Rights Reserved. This publication or any part thereof may not be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in any type of retrieval system

by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior written consent of the Connecticut Conference of Municipalities (CCM).


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................1

INTRODUCTION ...............................................................2

POPULATION....................................................................3

CENTERS OF EMPLOYMENT ..........................................3

CENTERS OF REGIONAL SERVICES ...............................4

CENTERS OF CULTURE ....................................................7POVERTY CHALLENGES .................................................8

CRIME RATE CHALLENGES .............................................12

HEALTH CHALLENGES.........................................................15

EDUCATION CHALLENGES.............................................17

REVENUE CHALLENGES......................................................18

BEYOND THE FOUR ..............................................................22

CONCLUSION ...................................................................22

APPENDIX A .......................................................................23

If you have any questions concerning this report please

contact Jim Finley, Executive Director and CEO, or

Gian-Carl Casa, Director of Public Policy and Advocacy, at

(203) 498-3000.


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Connecticuts large cities are regional hubs or jobs, healthcare and culture. Tey are also among the poorest in thenation. Tey ace enormous challenges in social services, education, public saety, and revenues:

Te poverty rates in Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury are at least twice as high as the rateor the state as a whole.

Tey have more than hal o Connecticuts homeless.

Tese cities experience much higher unemployment rates (Hartord - 16.9%, Waterbury - 14.5%,Bridgeport - 14.0%, New Haven - 13.4%) than the state average (9.3%).

While 30.3 percent o Connecticuts K-12 students are eligible or ree/reduced-price meals, over 90 percentare eligible in both Bridgeport and Hartord. In New Haven, 73.4 percento students are eligible, and inWaterbury, 74.7 percentare eligible.

In Connecticut, 5.2 percent o students learn English as a second language. Tose numbers are signifcantlyhigher in the states poorer cities: 14.4 percent in Hartord; 13.4 percent in Bridgeport; 12.6 percent in NewHaven; and 11.4 percent in Waterbury.

Te crime rate or the state as a whole is 2,981 per 100,000 residents. Tat fgure is 10,114 in Hartord,7,964 in New Haven, 6,379 in Waterbury, and 5,435 in Bridgeport.

Tese our cities have higher equalized mill rates than the state average (Connecticut mill rate - 14.13,Hartord - 39.42, New Haven - 29.18, Waterbury - 24.35, and Bridgeport - 18.78).

Tese cities are also the hubs o major population areas. Tey provide everything rom employment to health care toarts and culture.

Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury contain 14 percent o the states population.

Almost 100,000 people commute into these cities or employment.

Bridgeport and Hartord account or over 40 percent o their respective countys hospital beds. NewHaven and Waterbury together account or 86 percent o the hospital beds in New Haven County.

Tese cities provide 12 percent o all retail ood and, beverage sales tax revenues ($30.5 million).

Te health o our central cities, their surrounding suburbs, and the state are linked. Despite tough fscal times, stategovernment has a moral and economic imperative to provide increased assistance to Bridgeport, Hartord, New Havenand Waterbury. Strong cities will yield statewide benefts or years to come.As go these cities, so goes Connecticut.

1 CCM PUBLIC POLICY REPORT A TALE OF DISPROPORTIONATE BURDEN:BRIDGEPORT, HARTFORD, NEW HAVEN, & WATERBURY

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY


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A TALE OF DISPROPORTIONATE BURDEN: BRIDGEPORT, HARTFORD, NEW HAVEN, & WATERBURY CCM PUBLIC POLICY REPORT 2

INTRODUCTION

Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury are our o Connecticuts largest cities. Tese cities are regional hubs or jobs,health care, and culture. In the state with the nations highest per capita income, they are also among the poorest cities in theUnited States. Tese our communities bear a disproportionate burden when it comes to paying or and providing services toConnecticuts neediest residents. Tis report provides statistics that demonstrate this burden.

Its clear that i these cities ail, the suburbs around them will also ounder. People wont move their amilies or businesses toregions without a cultural and work base, and these bases cant be spread out among 15-20 towns. Only a strong central city canprovide these anchors. I the central city isnt viable, the only alternative or economic growth will be areas that havent yet beendeveloped, devouring Connecticuts green space and agricultural communities.

All o Connecticut has a stake in the vitality o Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury.

POPULAIONFourteen percent (491,882 residents) o Connecticuts population resides within these our communities. Tese citieshave veryhigh population densities (Bridgeport: 8,525.3 per square mile; Hartord: 7,167.1 per square mile; New Haven:6,560.7 per square mile; Waterbury: 3,746.5 per square mile) compared to the State average o 722.7 people per square mile

Population Percent o State's PopulationConnecticut 3,518,288Bridgeport 137,304 3.90%Hartord 124,063 3.53New Haven 123,314 3.50%Waterbury 107,141 3.05%S

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey


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1Reference USA: www.referenceusa.com, 2010 data.

722.9

8,525.3

7,167.16,560.7

3,746.5

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,0005,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Connecticut Bridgeport Hartford NewHaven Waterbury

PopulationDensityperSquareMile

Source:ConnecticutOfficeofPolicyandManagement,MunicipalFiscalIndicators,20042008

CENERS OF EMPLOYMENClose to 100,000 Connecticut residents commute daily to Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterburyortheir employment. Tis fgure does not include the 79,443 residents o these our cities that also work in theirhometown. Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury are home to 27,985 businesses o dierent shapesand sizes (New Haven: 8,983; Hartord: 8,602; Bridgeport: 5,527; Waterbury: 4,873).1

NumberofCommutersintoBridgeportfrom: NumberofCommutersintoHartfordfrom: NumberofCommutersintoNewHavenfrom: NumberofCommutersintoWaterburyfrom:Stratford 3,997 WestHartford 8,116 Hamden 7,829 Watertown 2,385Shelton 2,563 Manchester 5,200 WestHaven 5,364 Naugatuck 2,162Trumbull 2,288 EastHartford 4,859 Branford 3,701 Wolcott 1,978Fairfield 2,244 Wethersfield 3,576 EastHaven 3,577 Cheshire 1,105Milford 2,115 Windsor 3,493 NorthHaven 2,864 NewHaven 1,075Monroe 1,180 Newington 3,342 Guilford 2,213 Prospect 1,003Stamford 995 Glastonbury 3,316 Wallingford 2,210 Middlebury 747Norwalk 795 NewBritain 3,088 Milford 2,014 Southington 704WestHaven 763 Bloomfield 2,730 NorthBranford 1,402 Meriden 685TotalCommuters: 16,940 TotalCommuters: 37,720 TotalCommuters: 31,174 TotalCommuters: 11,844

Source:ConnecticutEconomicResourceCenter,TownProfiles,2010


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CENERS OF REGIONAL SERVICESTese cities provide a multitude o services to the regions that surround them. Each is home to hospitals that providecare to the people throughout their metropolitan areas - and the attendant doctors, therapists, and other treatmentproessionals that work at or near those acilities.

Hartords three tax-exempt hospitals are home to 1,559 o the 2,642 (59%) beds in Hartord County. New Havenstwo tax-exempt hospitals are home to 1,411 o the 2,487 (57%) beds in New Haven County, while Waterburys twotax-exempt hospitals are home to 716 o the 2,487 (29%) beds. Bridgeports two tax-exempt hospitals are home to 816o the 1,954 (42%) beds in Fairfeld County.2 Tese our cities are also home to tax-exempt colleges and universities

Most signifcantly, perhaps, is that these cities provide social services or the neediest people in the state.As shownbelow, Hartord, Bridgeport New Haven, and Waterbury have a disproportionate share o Connecticuts poor. Othe total Connecticut population, 1.1 percent receives emporary Assistance or Needy Families (ANF). Yet, in Hart-ord, 5.5 percent o the population are ANF recipients, the highest percentage in the state. In Waterbury, 3.8 percentare ANF recipients, while those numbers are 3.6 percent and 2.7 percent or New Haven and Bridgeport, respectively.

Tis means that Connecticuts cities have services in place like emergency shelters and ood pantries to help those mostin need. Te cities also tend to be the location o other kinds o non-proft, tax-exempt service providers, such ashal-way houses or drug abusers and people released rom prison.We do not know how many tax-exempt state agencyacilities

1.1%

2.7%

5.5%

3.6%3.8%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%


TemporaryAssistanceforNeedyFamilies(TANF)Recipientsasa%of2008Population

Source:ConnecticutOfficeofPolicyandManagement,MunicipalFiscalIndicators20042008

2 Source: Connecticut Economic Resource Center, Town Profiles, 2010.


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acilities are concentrated in the cities because the State has never done a comprehensive inventory o where they aredespite a state legislative report rom the early 1990s recommending one.

Tese cities care or Connecticuts worst-o citizens, alleviating much o the burden on the surrounding regionOne such group is homeless people. A study by the Connecticut Coalition to End Homelessness produced a snapshoo homelessness. In January 2009, there were an estimated 2,824 sheltered households statewide. O those, 720 (26%)were located in Hartord, 501 (18%) were located in New Haven, 181 (6%) were located in Greater Bridgeport, and

120 (4%) were located in Waterbury. Tat means more than hal o Connecticuts homeless households were inthese our cities.

181

720

501

120

1,302

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Greater

Bridgeport*

Hartford NewHaven Waterbury Balanceof

State

ShelteredHomelessHouseholds

ource:ConnecticutCoalitiontoEndHomelessness,ConnecticutCounts2009

*ThereportdoesnotlistnumbersforBridgeportspecifically.

Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury also care or a higher percentage than the state average opersonsclassifed as having disabilities. Te state has 12.7 percent o non-institutionalized population with disability statusTat number is 19.7 percent in Hartord, 15 percent in New Haven and Waterbury, and 14.2 percent in Bridgeport.


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12.7%14.2%

19.7%

15.0% 15.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%


PercentofNoninstitutionalized

PopulationwithDisabilityStatus

Source:USCensusBureau,AmericanCommunitySurvey,2007

39.3%

39.2%

46.3%

36.3%

40.7%

40.4%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%

NumberofTransactions(Calls)

NumberofServiceRequests

Housing/Shelter

Utilities/Heat

LegalServices

FinancialAssistance

211CallsfromBridgeport,Hartford,NewHaven,and

Waterburyasa%ofTotalConnecticutCalls

Source:211FiveYearReport,2009

Te 2-1-1 service rom United Way provides Connecticut residents with ree inormation about community servicesreerrals to human services, and crisis intervention. Teir reports illustrate the demand that exists in Bridgeport, Hart-ord, New Haven, and Waterbury or services. O the 2009 calls or the most requent service requests in Connecticutmore than one-third came rom residents o the our big cities.


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CENERS OF CULUREEverybody likes to live in a nice place. When amilies or riends visit we like to show them the amenities o our area -the restaurants, museums, theaters and other cultural activities that help defne the quality o lie in a region. Con-necticuts cities are cultural centers. It is not the same to have such amenities spread around a large area - only thecenter o the wheel can give a cultural identity to a region, not its spokes.

Connecticut is in a battle to keep young people in the state. Vital cities help support this goal.When downtown

areas are bustling at night with restaurants and clubs it creates an excitement and vibrancy that is impossible in stripshopping centers. Tis night lie also supports sales and use tax revenues. In act, Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven,and Waterburys retail sales rom ood services and drink ($528.6 million) account or approximately 12 percent ($30.5million) o the annual sales and use tax due in this category.3

Hartords Wadsworth Athenaeum, the nations frst public museum, is one o the most respected art museums in thecountry. Te same is true or the Yale museums: Te Yale Center or British Art, Yale Peabody Museum, and Yale Uni-versity Art Gallery cater to 400,000 visitors annually.4 Te 12 tax-exempt colleges and universities in Bridgeport, Hart-ord, and New Haven attract many public cultural and academic events or all Connecticut residents. Te Yale RepertoryTeater, Long Whar Teater and the Hartord Stage Company have national reputations or excellence. Long Whar

Teater entertains over 90,000 guests in its audiences each year.

Bridgeports Beardsley Zoo, the only one o its kind in Connecticut, sees approximately 250,000 visitors per year, ap-proximately 15,000 o them rom states other than Connecticut.5 Waterburys Palace Teater hosts 113,000 paid at-tendees, while its Seven Angels Teater was named a Best In Connecticut winner by Connecticut Magazine in 2010.6

Te oldest state house in America is in Hartord. Mark wains Te Adventures o Huckleberry Finn; Te Adventures oom Sawyer; and Te Prince and the Pauper were all written in his Hartord home which stands as a museum today. Ap-proximately 65,000 people visit the Mark wain House annually. On average, 80 percent o these visitors come rom out-side o Connecticut. New Haven, Americas frst planned city, is home to the frst hamburgersandwich, frst cotton gin, and what many consider to be Americas best pizzerias.8

en percent (171,023) o all jobs in Connecticut are in Connecticuts culture andtourism industries. Tis industry yields $1.715 billion (6.9% o the State and localtotal) in State and local revenue. Arts, flm, history and tourism generate more than$9 billion (5.7% o the State total) in personal income or Connecticut residents. 9

3 Connecticut Department of Revenue Services, Retail Sales by Town Reports, 2009.

4 Arts Council of Greater New Haven Data, 2010.

5 Beardsley Zoo Data, 2010.

6 Palace Theater Annual Report 2007-08 and sevenagelstheater.org

7 The Mark Twain House and Museum Data, 2010.

8 Connecticuts Visitors Guide: www.visitnewhaven.com, 2010.

9 Carstensen, Fred. Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism, 2006.


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POVERY CHALLENGESConnecticut as a whole has the third lowest poverty rate in the nation or amilies (6.7%). However, the poverty ratesin Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury or amilies are at least twice as high as the state average. Statisticsor individuals and amilies living below the poverty level, and children under eighteen living in poverty, are below.

9.4%

21.1%

31.9%

26.7%

22.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


IndividualswithIncomebelowthePovertyLine

Source:U.S.CensusBureau,2009AmericanCommunitySurvey

While 28.7 percent o Connecticuts K-12 students are eligible or ree/reduced-price meals, over 90 percent areeligible in both Bridgeport and Hartord. In Waterbury, 74.7 percent o students are eligible, and in New Haven73.4 percent are eligible.

6.7%

14.4%

29.7%

18.7%19.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


FamilieswithIncomebelowthePovertyLine



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30.3%

95.0%* 92.2%

73.4% 74.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


K12StudentsEligibleforFree/ReducedPriceMeals

Source:ConnecticutStateDepartmentofEducation,StrategicSchoolProfiles,20082009

*Bridgeportprofilelistspercentageas>95.

Connecticut ranks frst in the nation in per capita income, at $35,747, yet residents o our larger cities consistentlyreport sharply lower incomes than the average. In New Haven, per capita income is $21,737, while it is $19,979$18,906, and $14,528 in Waterbury, Bridgeport and Hartord, respectively.

12.1%

25.8%

39.2%

31.2%33.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


Childrenunder18LivinginPoverty



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$35,747

$18,906$14,528

$21,737$19,979

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000


PerCapitaIncome

Source:USCensusBureau,AmericanCommunity,2009

Tese cities experience higher unemployment rates (Hartord - 16.9%, Waterbury - 14.5%, Bridgeport - 14.0%, NewHaven - 13.4%) than the State average (9.3%). Tey also maintain lower percentages o owner-occupied properties(Waterbury - 43%, Bridgeport - 40%; New Haven - 26%; Hartord - 22%) than the State average (63%).

9.3%

14.0%

16.9%

13.4%

14.5%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%


UnemploymentRates,August2010(NotSeasonallyAdjusted)

Source:ConnecticutDepartmentofLabor,September2010

Source: US Census Bureau, America Community Survey, 2009


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63%

40%

22%26%

43%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Connecticut Bridgeport Hartford NewH aven Waterbury

OwnerOccupiedDwellingsasa%ofTotal

Dwellings

Source:CERCTownProfiles,2010

88.6%

73.2%

67.8%

80.9% 78.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Conn ec ticu t Br id ge port H artf ord N ewHaven Waterbury

PercentofPopulationwithaHighSchoolDiploma


When compared to the rest o the state, the cities have ewer residents that are high school graduates and ewer grad-uates with higher degrees. Over 38 percent o state residents have earned a bachelor degree or higher. Tat number is34.6 percent or residents in New Haven, 15.9 percent in Waterbury, 15.5 percent in Bridgeport, and 12.3 percent inHartord.

When compared to the rest o the state, the our cities have a lower percentage o owner-occupied dwellings.

38.3%

15.5%12.3%

34.6%

15.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%35%

40%

45%


PercentageofPopulationwithaBachelorDegreeorHigher

ource:USCensusBureau,AmericanCommunitySurvey,2009


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CRIME RAE CHALLENGESIn Connecticut, 87 municipalities (51%) have their own local police departments. Te remaining 82 (49%) towns areunder the jurisdiction o the State Police10, either directly or through the Resident State rooper Program.

Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury report higher crime rates than the state average. Te crime rateor the state as a whole is 2,981 per 100,000 residents. Tat fgure is 10,114 in Hartord, 7,964 in New Haven, and6,379 in Waterbury, and 5,435 in Bridgeport.

Te Connecticut Uniorm Crime Reports indicate that in 2008, 60.4 percent o all robbery incidents in Connecticuoccurred in these our cities. Other crime statistics ollow suit: 51.3 percent o aggravated assaults; 62.5 percent omurders; 47.8 percent o motor vehicle thets; 30.5 percent o burglaries; 27.6 percent o larcenies; and 29.8 percento rape incidents in Connecticut occurred in Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury.

Tese statistics are not an indictment o the our cities. Public saety must compete with education, social services, andpublic works or scarce resources.

2,981

5,435

10,114

7,964

6,379

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000


CrimeRateCrimesper100,000residents

Source:ConnecticutEconomicResourceCenterInc,TownProfiles,2010

10 Connecticut State Police Department, 2009


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In 2009, over 15,000 inmates were released rom Connecticut correctional acilites. O that total, over 41 percentwere released to these our cities. Hartord received 2,114 individuals (14% o the total), Bridgeport received 1,521individuals (10.1%), New Haven received 1,405 (9.3%), and Waterbury received 1,198 (8.0%).

10.1%

14.0%

9.3%

8.0%

58.6%

InmateReleases %ofTotal

Bridgeport

Hartford

NewHavenWaterbury

BalanceofState

Source:ConnecticutDepartmentofCorrection,2009

Tese cities contain a signifcant share o the over 5,000 registered sex oenders in Connecticut.Almost one-third(30.3%) o these individuals live in the our cities (Hartord - 11.5%, New Haven - 8.2%, Bridgeport - 5.4%, Water-bury - 5.1%).Tere are over 29,000 individuals on probation in Connecticut, and these our cities are home to 44.8 percent o themBridgeport and New Haven each have 13.2 percent o the probationers, while Hartord and Waterbury have 11.3 and7.2 percent, respectively.

5.4%

8.2%

11.5%

5.1%

69.7%

RegisteredSexOffenders %ofTotal

Bridgeport

NewHavenHartford

Waterbury

BalanceofState

Source:OfficeofPolicyandManagement,2010

13.2%

13.2%

11.3%

7.2%

55.2%

IndividualsonProbation %ofTotal

Bridgeport

NewHavenHartford

Waterbury

BalanceofState

Source:OfficeofPolicyandManagement,2010


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60.4%

51.3%

62.5%

47.8%

30.5%27.6%

29.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Robbery AggravatedAssault

Murder MotorVehicleTheft Burglary Larceny Rape

TotalBridgeport,Hartford,NewHaven,andWaterburyCrimeasa%ofConnecticutTotalCrime

Source:ConnecticutDepartmentofPublicSafety,UniformCrimeReports,2008

Similarly, amily violence incidents in these our cities account or a large percentage o the arrests in Connecticut.Tis includes 38.5 percent o breaches o peace, 34.2 percent o criminal mischie incidents, 33.3 percent o homicides31.7 percent o assaults, 29.7 percent o sexual assaults, 28.1 percent o risks o injury, and 15.4 percent o disorderlyconduct incidents.

15.4%

28.1%

29.7%

31.7%

33.3%

34.2%

38.5%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0%

DisorderlyConductSexualAssault

RiskofInjuryAssault

Homicide

CriminalMichiefBreachofPeace

FamilyViolenceinBridgeport,Hartford,NewHaven,andWaterburyasa%ofTotalFamilyViolencein

Connecticut

Source:ConnecticutDepartmentofPublicSafety,FamilyViolenceArrests,2009


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HEALH CHALLENGESBridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury also ace health demographics that dier markedly rom the stateaverage. Te number obirths to mothers on the HUSKY or Medicaid programs is about twice as high as the stateaverage (Hartord - 74.2%, Waterbury - 64.7%, Bridgeport - 63.2%, New Haven - 61%). Tese cities also suer higherinant mortality rates, higher rates odiabetes, and higher rates oasthma. For example, while the inant mortalityrate is 4.5 per 1,000 births or the state, Waterbury has an inant mortality rate o 8.6 per 1,000 births, nearly doublethe state average. New Havens rate is 8.3, Hartords rate is 7.6, and Bridgeports rate is 7.5 per 1,000 births.

34.6%

63.2%

74.2%

61.0%64.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


PercentofBirthstoMothersonHUSKYorMedicaid

Source:CTVoicesforChildren,BirthstoMotherswithHUSKYProgramandMedicaidCoverage,June2009


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Te number opeople in these cities without health insurance is also signifcantly higher than the state average.

In Connecticut, 8.8 percent o the population is uninsured. Tat number is 19.8 percent in Bridgeport, 16.9 percentin Hartord, 14.4 percent in New Haven, and 12.3 percent in Waterbury.

4.5

7.5 7.68.3 8.6

0

2

4

6

8

10


InfantMortalityRate(per1,000births)

Source:CERC,TownProfiles,2010

8.8%

19.8%

16.9%

14.4%12.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%


PercentageofPopulationwithoutHealthInsurance



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EDUCAION CHALLENGESFourteen percent (78,842 students) o Connecticuts K-12 public school students are enrolled in the Bridgeport,Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury school systems.11

In Connecticut, 5.4 percent o students learn English as a second language. Tose numbers are signifcantly higherin the states larger cities: 14.4 percent in Hartord; 13.4 percent in Bridgeport; 12.6 percent in New Haven, and 11.4percent in Waterbury.

Students with English as a Second LanguageConnecticut 5.2%Bridgeport 13.4%Hartord 14.4%New Haven 12.6%Waterbury 11.4%

Source: C State Dept o Education, CEDAR, 2008-09

When compared to the rest o the state, the cities have higher drop-out rates. Te statewide drop-out rate is 6.8 percent. Tatnumber is 23.5 percent in Bridgeport, 15.7 percent in New Haven, 12.0 percent in Hartord, and 9.3 percent in Waterbury.

Students in these our cities generallyperorm below the Connecticut average on the academic perormance testsFor example, the average SA perormance in the state is 508 in math, 503 in reading, and 506 in writing. Waterburysscores are 414 in math, 418 in reading, and 422 in writing. New Haven students average 400 in math, 409 in readingand 416 in writing.

6.8%

23.5%

12.0%

15.7%

9.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%


CumulativeDropoutPercentageRateClassof2008

Source:CTStateDeptofEducation,CEDAR,2008

11 Source: Connecticut State Department of Education, Bureau of Grants Management, 2008-09 Data


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Hartord students SA averages are 400 in math, 395 in reading, and 399 in writing. Bridgeport students average 387in math, 391 in reading, and 396 in writing.

508 503 506

387 391 396400 395 399400409 416414 418 422

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Math Reading Writing

ScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)Performance

Conne ct ic ut B ridg eport Hartford NewHaven Waterbury Source:CTStateDeptofEducation,CEDAR,200809

48% 48%43%

55%

10%14%

8%

18%15% 15%

10%

20%

14%17%

11%

24%

15%

23%

12%

32%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Math Reading Science Writing

ConnecticutAcademicPerformanceTestResults(CAPT):StudentsatGoal

Connecticut Bridgeport Hartford NewHaven Waterbury Source:CTStateDeptofEducation,CEDAR,200809

REVENUE CHALLENGESBridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury ace a multitude o revenue challenges including a high percentage o property that is exempt -- by state mandate -- rom property taxation. Tese tax-exempt properties include colleges, hospitals, and state-owned property, which aects the equalized net grand list (ENGL) per capita.

508 503 506

387 391 396400 395 399400409 416414 418 422

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Math Reading Writing

ScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)Performance


Source:CTStateDeptofEducation,CEDAR,200809


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Te State provides payment-in-lieu-o-taxes (PILO) reimbursements tomunicipalities or revenue lost due to some state-mandated propertytax exemptions.Tese grants reimburse or only a portion o lost realestate property tax revenue and have been at or the last ew yearsTere is no reimbursement or lost personal-property tax revenue.

Te reimbursement rate is estimated to be 54 percent or colleges and

hospitals and 32 percent or state-owned property. State statutes setreimbursement goals o 77 percent on college and hospital propertyand 45 percent on state-owned property (with the exception o pris-ons, which are supposed to be reimbursed at 100%).

$116 $126 $122 $122 $115 $115 $1151

$180$197

$207 $212 $212 $214 $214

65% 64%

59% 58%54% 54% 54%

0.35

0.45

0.55

0.65

0.75

0.85

0.95

0

50

100

150

200

250

$Millions

PILOT:PrivateCollegesandHospitalProperty

StatePILOT(reimbursement)

MunicipalRevenue Lossduetostatemandatedpropertytaxexemptions,forrealestatepropertyonly.Doesnotincludelosttaxes

onpersonalproperty,forwhichthereisnostatereimbursement(FY10and11:Estimate)

%MunicipalReimbursement(statutespecifies77%formostsuchproperty)

Source:AdoptedStateBudgets,CCMCalculations

Source:AdoptedStateBudgets,CCMCalculations

$93 $83 $80 $80 $73.5 $73 $731

$209$199

$221 $225 $225 $225 $225

47%

38% 36% 36% 33% 33% 32%

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0

50

100

150

200

250

$M

illions

PILOT:StateOwnedProperty

StateOwnedPropertyPILOT(reimbursement)

MunicipalRevenue Lossduetostatemandatedpropertytaxexemptions,forrealpropertyonly.Doesnotincludelosttaxeson

personal property,forwhichthereisnoStatereimbursement (FY11:Estimate)

%MunicipalReimbursement (statutespecifies45%formostsuchproperty)

$12

$38 $39

$11$14

$48

$39

$15

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

Bridgeport Hartford NewHaven Waterbury

PILOTPaymentsandEstimatedRevenueLost,FY2011(millions$)

TotalFY11PILOTPayments EstimatedRevenueLostSource:AdoptedFY2011StateBudget,CCMCalculations

Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury loseat least $115 million in property tax revenue due tothese state-mandated exemptions and low reimburse-ment rates. Tis total represents lost taxes on real propertyonly and does not include revenue lost on personalproperty.

Percentage o Property Exemptrom Property axation

New Haven 47%Hartord 44%Bridgeport 35%Waterbury 32%

Source: Connecticut Ofce o Policy and Management


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14.13

18.78

39.42

29.18

24.35

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00


EqualizedMillRates,FY2008


$163,268

$86,765

$45,280$51,511

$75,648

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

$140,000

$160,000

$180,000


EqualizedNetGrandListperCapita,FY2008


Te Connecticut ENGL per capita is $163,268, while Bridgeport, Waterbury, New Haven, and Hartords ENGLsare $86,765, $75,648, $51,511, and $45,280, respectively.

Given these ENGL fgures, it is predictable that these cities also have average home values ar below those in theirsurrounding municipalities. Te median home value in Bridgeport is $250,400, while the median home value inFairfeld County is $504,400; the median home value in Hartord is $195,300, while the median home value in Hart-ord County is $246,700; and the median home values are $228,600 in New Haven and $164,800 in Waterbury,while the median home value in New Haven County is $278,500.


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$250,400

$504,400

$195,300$246,700 $228,600

$164,800

$278,500

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

MedianHomePrices

Source:

Census

Bureau,

2006

2008

American

Community

Survey

3

Year

Estimates

With such dramatic poverty indicators it is predictable that Hartord, New Haven, Waterbury, and Bridgeport rankin the top fve distressed municipalities in Connecticut(1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th, respectively). Te Department oEconomic and Community Development calculates these designations based on socioeconomic criteria.

2010 op 10 Distressed Municipalitiesotal Score Ranking

Hartord 1550 1New Haven 1513 2

Waterbury 1505 3New Britain 1491 4Bridgeport 1487 5Meriden 1408 6New London 1394 7East Hartord 1394 8Winchester 1359 9West Haven 1351 10

Source: C Department o and Economic and Community Development


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12 Data are from Municipal Fiscal Indicators, CT Department of Labor, and State Department of Education.

13 Dreier, Peter. Why Connecticuts Suburbs Need Healthy Ci ties. Connecticut Conference of Municipalities: March 1995.

BEYOND HE FOURWhile much ocus is rightly on Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury, a number oother Connecticuttowns and cities are also dealing with similar issues. Tese municipalities are o varying sizes and are located in aleight counties. Some have higher-than-average populations that are at risk. Others have seen economic hardships dueto problems such as plant closings and other disinvestment. Below are some examples.12

Over 18 percent o Danburystudents are English language learners. East Hartords unemployment rate is 12.5 percent. Meriden has a crime rate o 3,699.1 per 100,000 residents. Less than hal o Middletowns dwellings are owner-occupied New Britain has the ourth highest percentage (3.4%) o ANF recipients in the state. Average SA scores in New London are 23 percent lower than the state average. Norwalkis reliant on the property tax or over 83 percent o its revenues. In Norwich, over 64 percent o students are eligible or ree/reduced-price lunches. Stamords student drop-out rate is six percent higher than the statewide average. Over 22 percent o Windhams population has an income below the poverty level.Many o these communities meet specifc need criterias under statutory designations. A list o towns and cities and

their designations can be ound in Appendix A.

CONCLUSIONWhile other communities in Connecticut have needs - especially given the current economic downturn - it is clearthat Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, and Waterbury ace extraordinary challenges. Tese cities must deal withhigh poverty rates, educational need and outcome disparities, increased crime rates, and revenue challenges. It is equallyclear that these our cities support surrounding communities as service centers, cultural hubs, and employment nucleiDespite their numerous challenges, these cities have much to oer Connecticut residents and businesses and are cruciato the success o the state as a whole.

Te success o our central cities, their surrounding suburbs, and the state as a whole are linked. Te reputation andviability o the entire metropolitan area and our state are shaped by public impressions o the central city. Allowing thecentral city to decay aects the entire metropolitan area and our state.13 Despite tough fscal times, state governmenthas a moral and economic imperative to provide increased assistance to Bridgeport, Hartord, New Haven, andWaterbury. Strong city hubs will yield statewide benefts or years to come.As go these cities, so goes Connecticut


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MUNICIPAL DESIGNAIONS

Distressed Municipality- A municipality thatmeets the necessary number o quantitativephysical and economic distress thresholdswhich are eligible or the ederal Urban Devel-opment Action Grant program.

Public Investment Community- A munici-pality requiring fnancial assistance to oset itsservice burdens, defned as being in the topquartile o the "eligibility index" scale, whichis a measure o local burden determined by cal-culating a town's disparity in relation to all mu-nicipalities.

C&D Plan Regional Center - A municipalityidentifed on the State Plan o Conservationand Development as being a regional center.

argeted Investment Community- A munic-ipality with a designated Enterprise Zone.

APPENDIX A

Municipality

DistressedMunicipality

PublicInvestmentCommunity

C&DPlanRegional

Center

TargetedInvestmentCommunity

Ansonia X X XAshford X

BeaconFalls XBloomfield X

Bridgeport X X X XBristol X X X X

Canterbury X

Chaplin X

Colchester X

Danbury X

Derby X X XEastHartford X X X X

EastHaven XEastWindsor X X

Enfield X X X

Griswold X

Groton X X

Hamden X X

Hampton X

Hartford X X X X

Killingly X X X

Manchester X X

Meriden X X X XMiddletown X X X

Milford X

Montville X

Naugatuck X XNewBritain X X X XNewHaven X X X X

NewLondon X X X X

UrbanAct

Norwalk X X

Norwich X X X XPlainfield X

Plainville X X

Plymouth X X

Portland X

Putnam X X

Seymour X

Shelton X

Southington X

Sprague X X

Stafford X

Stamford X XSterling X

Stratford X

Thomaston X

Thompson X

Torrington X X X

Vernon X X X

Voluntown X

Waterbury X X X X

WestHartford XWestHaven X X XWinchester X X

Windham X X X X

Windsor X


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he Connecticut Conference of Municipalities (CCM) is Connecticuts statewide as sociation oftowns and cities. CCM represents municipalities at the General Assembly, before the state ex-

ecutive branch and regulatory agencies, and in the courts. CCM provides member towns and citieswith a wide array of other services, including management assistance, individualized inquiry service,assistance in municipal labor relations, technical assistance and training, policy development, researchand analysis, publications, information programs, and service programs such as workers compensationand liability-automobile-property insurance, risk management, and energy cost-containment. Federalrepresentation is provided by CCM in conjunction with the National League of Cities. CCM wasfounded in 1966.CCM is governed by a Board of Directors, elected by the member municipalities, with due considerationgiven to geographical representation, municipalities of dif ferent sizes , and a balance of pol itical parties.Numerous committees of municipal officials participate in the development o f CCM policy and pro-grams. CCM has offices in New Haven (headquarters) and in Hartford.

900 Chapel Street, 9th FloorNew Haven, Connecticut 06510-2807Tel: (203) 498-3000

Fax: (203) 562-6314E-mail: [email protected]

Web Site: www.ccm-ct.org

CCM - CONNECTICUTS STATEWIDEASSOCIATION OF TOWNS AND CITIES


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hartford, bridge port, new haven, waterbury_102010_final

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