Hardships of early Industrial life

By: Kamakoa Wong

The new industrial city

• The industrial city brought vapid urbanization. • Vapid urbanization means Urbanization is a

population shift from rural to urban areas

The factory system

• The heart of the industrial era was the factory's.

• It was the begging of a new era when every one left the farm to work in big city's.

Life in a mill

• Life in a regular mill which had adults working there was quite different from textile mills where children worked in.

• Some mills offered decent living and schooling but that wasn’t in the usa.

Life in a textile mill

• Life in a textile mill as a kid was hard tough rough and very very long.

• Average work day was 10-15 hours long with little or no breaks

The working class

• The working class where farm families people who lived In rule villages and just off the street type of guy who is looking for minimum wage.

The new middle class

• The middle class are the people who benefited the most out of the industrial revolution.

• Most middle class where merchants and skilled artisans.

Benefits

• The benefits to the industrial revolution were• They made a law to improve working

condition. • Workers went on strike and created a union to

protect them selfs.

Problems

• The problems of the industrial revolution were that it brought terrible hardships.

• Lot of people lost jobs• To much supply and no demand • Everything was getting expensive • And low pay to the workers who have a job

Laissez-Faire economics

• Physiocrats argued that natural laws should be allowed to operate without interference.

• They believed that the government should not interfere in the free operation of the economy.

Adam Smith

• Adam smith was the main prophet in the Laissez-Faire economics.

• Author of The Wealth of Nations.

Malthus on population

• Thomas Malthus writings on population shaped economic thinking for generations.

• Malthus grimly predicted that populations would outpace the food and supply.

Ricardo on wages

• David Ricardo was another influential British economist.

• He agreed with Malthus that the poor has to many children.

• He created “iron law of wages” and appointed that when wages where high families had more children.

The Utilitarian's

• Utilitarian's the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens.

• John Stuart mill argued that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they cause pain.

• Most middle class rejected Mills ideas.

Emergence of socialism

• Socialism: A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

• Created a gulf between rich and the poor. To “end poverty” and injustice.

The utopians

• Early socialist tried to build self-sufficient communities in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common.

• There was no difference between rich or poor with these communities.

• Utopian means impractical dreamers.

Robert Owen

• A poor Welsh boy, who became a successful mill owner.

• Unlike most industrialist he refused to use child labor.

• Owen insisted that the conditions in which his people lived shaped their character.

• He wanted to prove his theory so he build a factory in New Lanark, Scotland.

Robert Owen

• He built homes for workers• Opened a school. • A generally treated his employees well. • He showed that a employer could offer decent

living and still make a profitable business. • By the 1820s many people where visiting New

Lanark to study Owens reforms.

“Scientific socialism” Karl Marx

• In 1840 Karl Marx a German philosopher condemned the ideas of Utopians and unrealistic idealism.

• He put forward a new theory “Scientific socialism” which he claimed was based on a scientific study for history.

• Communism: a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Marxism

• Marx theorized that economics was the driving force in history.

• He argued was “the history of class stuggles” between the “haves” and “have not's.”

• Proletariat: “Have not's”• Bourgeoisie: “Haves”

Looking ahead

• Marxism gained a lot of popularity with many people around the world. Leaders of a number of reform movements adopted the idea that power should be healed by workers rather than business owners.

• Marxs practice would never be practiced as he imagined it.

Failures

• The failures of Marxist governments would illustrate the flaws in his arguments.

• Marx claimed that his ideas were based on his scientific lawns.

• Marx also predicted that workers would unite across national boarders to wage class warfare. Instead nationalism won out over working class loyalty.

Revolution

• These failures did not doom the movement instantly.

• In the late 1800s Russian socialist embraced Marxism. And the Russian revolution of 1917 set up a communist-inspired government.

• By 1900s revolutionaries around the world would adapt to Marxist ideas to their own needs.

• By 1990s every nation would incorporate elements of free-market capitalism.

Biblography

• The book• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/

communism• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/

socialism• http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/

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