Harashina, SachihikoTokyo Institute of Technology

Past President, IAIA

Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in

Japan: An overview

TwoEA-M project seminar in SeoulNov. 30-Dec.1, 2009

A Brief History of EA in Japan

1972 Stockholm UN Conf. on Human Environment 73 Preparation of EIA system on national level 76 First local EIA ordinance, Kawasaki City First trial of sending the EIA Bill (failed in 83) 84 EIA Guideline by the Cabinet (Kakugi EIA) 93 Basic Environmental Law 97 Establishment of EIA Act 99 Fujimae tidal flat was protected by the EIA Implementation of EIA Act2002 First local SEA guideline, Saitama Pref. 04 JICA introduced SEA in new EIA guideline 07 MOE introduced the Shared Guideline of SEA

EIA Process under the Japan’s EIA Act

D-EIS F-EIS

Open to P

ublic

Open to P

ublic

Public C

omm

ents

Informing M

eeting

The former guideline

ProponentGovernment

Public

（ Establised, 1997.6.13， Implemented, 1999.6.12）

Scoping Document

Open to P

ublic

Public C

omm

ents

Before EIA Act EIA Act NEPA(until Jun 1999) (since Jun 1999) (1969)

Proposal of Project

Screening by the List of Project

Hyoka-sho(FEIS)

Permit

Junbi-sho(DEIS)

Proposal of Project

Screening Class 1 ProjectClass 2 Project

Hyoka-sho(FEIS)

Permit

Junbi-sho(DEIS)

Proposal of Project, Program, Policy

Screening

Permit

DEIS

Hyoka-sho(Scoping)

FEIS

Scoping

EA

Referral by CEQ

Process with Public participation/ Public Involvement

National Level EIA Systems: Japan and the US

Environmental Assessment in Japan • EIA National Level: EIA Act, 1997 Fully implemented since 1999 about 20 cases/year Local Government: Local Ordinances in all 47 Pref. about 50 cases/year• SEA National Level: Shared Guideline, 2007 Some advanced local governments

e.g. Saitama Pref. 2002- In ODA activities: JICA, 2004- (revised GL, 2010?)

EA Education in Japan• Universities Ordinal University Remote Education by the Open Univ. of Japan• Administrative bodies Min. of the Environment Min. of Land, Infrastructures & Transportation Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)• Industries Japan Association for Environmental Assessment (JEAS)

EA courses in Japanese Universities

The number of the courses is big: 92 courses were found in Japanese Universities, by the survey of JEAS in 2009Others which include EA as a part of the course

are more than 500.

The background is quite divers: Engineering based Natural science based

Category Faculty/Department NameCivil Engineering Engineering, Science and Engineering, etc.

Architecture Architecture, Design, etc.

OceanicsMarine Science and Technology, Ocean Civil Engineering, Fisheries, etc.

Science Science, Life Science, Bioresource Sciences, etc.Agriculture Agriculture, Horticulture, Food Science, etc.Environmental　Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ

Environment, Humanity and Environment, Environment and Information Studies, etc.

Law Law, etc.Economics Economics, etc.Business Commerce, Business Administration, Tourism, etc.

OthersLiterature, Sociology, Policy Studies, Human Life, Medicine/Health, Applied Computer Engineering, Education, Media/Communication, etc.

Table Categorization of Faculties with EA related courses(JEAS, 2009)

Japan Association of Environment Assessment (2009) JEAS news autumn, no.124

36%

1%4%5%

25%

2%

5%

1%21%

Civil EngineeringArchitectureOceanicsScienceAgricultureEnvironmentLawEconomicsBusinessOthers

Fig. Proportion of the Faculty type with EA related course(JEAS, 2009)

Japan Association of Environment Assessment (2009) JEAS news autumn, no.124

Very big number in Japan

• How about the result• As application of EA in Japan is not much, • These are mostly for knowledge It is important for Stakeholders including general

public and industries to understand what is EA

• For knowledge TV Broadcasting is an efficient way

The Open University of Japan (OUJ)放送大学

• Broadcasting through TV and Radio Supported by the national government provides credit for graduation basic function is an ordinal university• Media are broadcasting and schooling• By broadcasting: Another function is enlightenment of the

general public

Environmental Assessment

by Sachihiko Harashina

放送大学　「環境アセスメント」“ Environmental Assessment” courses at

the Open University of Japan• TV Broadcasting (by S. Harashina and others)• Series 1: 1994-2000　　環境アセスメント Environmental Assessment (EIA)• Series 2: 2000-2005　　改定版・環境アセスメント Rev. Environmental Assessment (EIA and SEA) • Series 3: 2005-2009　　人間活動の環境影響 Human Impacts on the Environment (IA in general)

Environmental Impact Assessment

The major purpose of US NEPA (1969)

‘ . . . . will encourage productive and

enjoyable harmony between man and

his environment’

Support a wise decision-making

Rational and Fair Judgment

The Role of Environmental Impact Assessment

For fairness, we need• Public Participation . • Information Disclosure

Rational and Fair Judgment

Supporting Consensus Buildingfor Sustainable Development

The concept which should be conveyed to the society

For Rationality: Scientific Analysis Engineering Skill

Application of Systems Analysis

For Fairness: Democratic Process Participation and Information Disclosure

and For Efficiency: Innovate Efficient Way of Communication

EA

environmental ethics

dispute resolution

IT & ICT

protection/mitigation measures

Three Disciplines of EA Education

prediction/evaluation

public participation

Engineering & Natural Science

Law & Economics

Planning & Policy

HEP

planning administration

environmental management

consensus building

GISCG

facilitation

environmental law

environmental economics

SEA

EIA

Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education

in Japan

What are the contentsmore in detail?