happy wednesday! turn in your vocab to the black box on my desk look over your notes from last class...
TRANSCRIPT
Happy Wednesday!Turn in your vocab to the black box on my
desk
Look over your notes from last class and get ready for the daily quiz
Daily Quiz1. what were the 3 main motives for European Exploration?2. What part of the triangle trade brought Africans to the New World?3. What is the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between Africa, Europe and the Americas called?4. What had the biggest impact on the Native population during exploration?5. What were Spanish explorers called?
Jamestown
Jamestown• First permanent English settlement in North
America- 1607• Joint-stock company- investors pool their
money to fund the colony– Virginia Company of London
• Settled by people seeking economic opportunities
• “Cavaliers”- English nobility who got land grants from King of England
• Indentured Servants- agreed to work in exchange for passage
Stop and Think!Most people who came to Jamestown were
men. What problem might that create?
Rocky Start…Almost failed due to disease and starvation
Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smith’s leadership and tobacco
ProblemsEveryone’s looking for gold and profitDisease ran rampant from bad waterStarvation- too many people looking for gold,
not enough people planting cropsRelations with the Powhatan Indians- TENSE“Starving Time”- Winter of 1609-1610
Out of the 500 colonists only 60 survived!!
Successes• New settlers arrived in perfect time to save the
colony• Tobacco- “Brown Gold”- introduced by John Rolfe
in 1612• Headright System- solved labor issues- 50 acres
for paying a laborer’s passage– Laborer became indentured servant- full passage +
food and shelter in return for 4-7 years of labor• Low class English but also first Africans• When numbers declined, African slavery took over as
primary form of labor
• Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginia’s colonial legislature, first representative body in North America
Stop and Think!Summarize the Headright System and
indentured servants. Is it possible this “success” could become a failure? Why or why not?
Clashes with Native Americans • Relations with Natives got worse in time• No intermarriage like the Spanish• Colonists wanted more land for tobacco,
Native Americans resisted• 1622- Opechancanough’s revolt- wiped out
1/3 of VA settlers– Not to mention VA Company was in debt- King
James revokes the company’s charter• 1624- VA becomes a royal colony- under the direct
control of the king
Economic Differences split VARich v. PoorWealthy Cavaliers in eastern VA-tons of land
and money-represented by Governor BerkeleyFormer indentured servants in western VA
and frontier- no land, no money, no protection from Natives- represented by Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion• Poor whites in west (including former indentured
servants) revolted against VA gov’t• WHY???
– Lack of protection from Native Americans– Lack of representation in the House of Burgesses
• Revolted and marched on and burned Jamestown• Bacon died, Berkley took over• Significance: led to more planters choosing
African slaves over indentured servants b/c revolt was less likely
Stop and Think!What was the main cause of Bacon’s
Rebellion?
Happy Tuesday!!!Turn in your Document Homework to the box
on my desk
Take out your New England notes, we will go over them before going into the Middle Colonies
New England
SettlersEnglish Puritans seeking religious freedom
beginning in 1620Some non-Puritans came as well
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L393V0e7FCM
Pilgrims v. PuritansSeparatists/ Pilgrims- church members who
wanted to break away completely from the Church of EnglandCame on the Mayflower
Mayflower Compact- before leaving the ship all men signed an agreement to create a civil gov’t based on English law BIG STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC GOV’T IN
AMERICA
Established the Plymouth Colony (2nd permanent English settlement)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44
Pilgrims v. Puritans (continued)Puritans- church members who wanted to
“purify” or reform the Church of England (aka Anglican Church)Reforms include getting rid of all Roman
Catholic practicesGoal was the establish a new society where
they could practice their religion free from persecution
Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony
PuritansJohn Winthrop- first leader of the Puritans in
Mass Bay ColonyWanted to establish a “City Upon a Hill”-
Boston “For we must consider that we shall be a City upon
a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us”
Massachusetts Bay ColonyRight to vote in MBC was based on being
male and church membershipLegislation was called the General Court
No division between church and state- gov’t and laws based on Puritan vision
Much better organized than JamestownEntire families moved over not just individual
laborers
Stop and Think!What is the advantage of having whole
families settle rather than individual laborers?
Unrest in the Puritan CommunityNot everyone agreed with the Puritan visionRoger Williams- believed the following:
England had no claim to land unless they bought it from Native Americans
Called for separation of church and state- thought people should be able to practice their own religion
Founded colony of Rhode Island (Providence is capital) Based on religious freedom and separation of church
and state
Unrest in Puritan Community (continued)Anne Hutchison-
Taught lessons from the Bible Women were not allowed to do this Thought people could interpret the Bible for
themselvesBanished from Massachusetts, Moved to Rhode
Island and later to New York
Stop and Think!Looking at Roger Williams and Anne
Hutchison, how would you describe MBC’s view of people who think differently from them?
Relations with Native AmericansMass. settlers moved into new areas and set
up colonies in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire- resistance from Native Americans
Native Americans did NOT believe in owning land- belonged to all for communal useEuropean settlers believed in private
ownership of land= conflict
Wars with Native AmericansPequot War (1637): Connecticut
Pequots revolted against English- nearly wiped out
Massacre at Mystic- brutal extermination tactics used
King Philip’s War (1675): all over New EnglandWampanoag chief Metacom revolted against
English settlersEnglish won, displayed Metacom’s head in
Plymouth for 20 yearsSignificance: end of Native American resistance
in NE
Happy Wednesday!!Turn in the Document Homework in the box on
my desk
Take out your New England Notes and look them over for the daily quiz!!
Agenda for today:1.Daily Quiz2.Notes3.Colonies Chart (Homework if you don’t finish!!)
Daily Quiz1. Where was the second permanent English settlement?2. Which group of people wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England?3. What was the motive for settlement at Massachusetts Bay Colony?4. Who was the first leader of the MBC?5. Name one person who was asked to leave or banished from MBC because they went against the beliefs of the colony’s leaders.
Middle Colonies
The Dutch Found New Netherlands Henry Hudson (English) sailed for the Dutch
up the Hudson River in NYNew Netherlands established for economic
reasonsFur trade
New Amsterdam is the capitalHas better relations with the Native
Americans than English b/c of the fur trade
Changes come to New NetherlandsThe Dutch take over New Jersey from the
SwedesCant get enough settlers so they open it up to
different types of people Dutch, German, French Huguenots (Protestants),
Jews, Scandinavians, Africans (both slave and free)
Duke of York (English) conquers the Dutch colony and renames it New York in 1664Becomes the proprietor or owner of New York
but gave away New Jersey to his friends
Stop and Think!How did New Netherlands become so
diverse?
PennsylvaniaQuakers- Protestant group devoted to
equality, cooperation, and religious toleranceServices held without ministers, plain dress and
pacifistsWilliam Penn= founder and proprietor of PA-
the “Holy Experiment” Philadelphia- capitalAll settlers promised 50 acres of land and the
right to voteFreedom of Religion
Pennsylvania (continued)Delaware eventually became an off-shoot of
PARelations with Native Americans were
generally goodPenn showed respect to them
Needed more settlers so opened it up to diverse groupsQuakers, Germans, Dutch and French
Stop and Think!How was the Pennsylvania colony different
from Jamestown or MBC?
The Rest of the 13 Original Colonies
Maryland (Southern)- Founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for CatholicsAct of Toleration- led to religious freedom in
MD for a whileCarolinas (Southern)- land granted to King
Charles II’s friends, South of VAPlantation system emerged in South Carolina-
very wealthyGeorgia (Southern)- founded by James
Oglethorpe as a haven for debtorsAlso a buffer with Spain
The Rest (continued)Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker-
bought the land from the Native AmericansNew Hampshire- Founded by John
Wheelwright- criticized Puritan teachings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p47tZLJbdag
Happy Thursday!!!Take out your notes and look it over for the quiz
DO NOT TURN IN YOUR CHART YET! WE WILL DISCUSS THE “TYPE OF GOVERNMENT” CATEGORY
Agenda:Daily QuizFinish ChartNotesMeet with theme groupStudy Guide---DUE MONDAY TEST ON
MONDAY!!!
Daily Quiz1. Which group of people founded New
Netherlands?2. What group of people established Pennsylvania?3. What social aspect sets the Mid-Atlantic
colonies apart from Jamestown or Massachusetts?
4. Who was the proprietor or owner of Pennsylvania?
5. When the New Netherlands changes hands and is taken over by an Englishman, what is it’s new name?
England and Its Colonies
England and it’s colonies prosperMercantilism –economic philosophy of
England – to acquire more gold and silver than other nations. How?Become self-sufficientTo maintain a favorable balance of trade (export
more than you import)Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother
countryColonies provide raw materials to England – ex:
lumber, furs, fish, tobaccoEngland provides manufactured goods to the
colonies – ex: furniture, utensils, books, china
Navigation Actsa series of laws that regulated and
restricted colonial trade, caused some resentment from colonistsGoods from the colonies had to be carried on
British shipsGoods from the colonies had to be shipped
through England first
Stop and Think!!Why did England impose the Navigation
Acts?
How could this lead to resentment from the colonist?
Glorious RevolutionWilliam and Mary were named co-monarchs,
replacing James IIEngland focused more on France than on the
colonies
Stop and Think!What do you think will happen when England
switches its focus away from the colonies? (think back to the Navigation Acts)
Salutary NeglectEngland did NOT strictly enforce its
mercantilist policiesNavigation Acts were largely ignored by
colonistColonial legislatures were more powerful than
the royal governorsColonists were still very loyal to England
Southern EconomiesCash crops- agricultural products grown for
sale rather than for a farmer’s own use- **CROP grown for CASH**Examples: tobacco (MD, NC, VA), rice and
indigo (SC)Self-sufficient plantations developed along
navigable riversLed to a lack of towns or cities in the South
Southern SocietyEthnic diversity was common in the southern
coloniesGermans settled in MD, VA and SCScots-Irish settled in western VA and NC- foothills
of the Appalachian MountainsMajority of southern population were small
farmers, but plantation owners controlled most of the power
Women had few legal, social or political rightsIndentured servants- decline by 1700
Slavery in the Southern ColoniesAfrican Slavery- primary source of labor on
southern plantations by 1700sRacism played an important part on the growth of
slaverySlave Trade- part of the Triangular Trade
Rum traded from NE to AfricaSlaves traded from Africa to CaribbeanSugar and Molasses traded from Caribbean to NEMiddle Passage- Slaves to Caribbean
Most slaves worked in fields of plantations
Africans in the New WorldCame from many different cultures, spoke
many different languagesAfrican culture preserved despite difficult
conditions of slaveryArt, pottery, music, stories, dance
Slave ResistanceTook many forms:
Passive resistance- fake illnesses, breaking tools, work slowdowns
Escape/Runaways- punishment was harsh, but occurred frequently
Revolt- Stono Rebellion (1739) 20 slaves in SC rebelled and headed for Spanish
Florida, captured and killed by SC militia
Stop and Think!Describe the economy and the society in the
Southern Colonies.
Commerce in the NorthNew England:
Small farming- colder climate and rocky soilFishingLumberShipbuildingPort city- Boston
Middle Colonies:Larger farms- multiple crops and livestockMerchant activity increasePort cities: NYC and Philadelphia
Northern SocietyDiverse society!
Immigration in the 1700s was common English, German, Scot-Irish, Dutch, Scandinavians,
Jews
Slavery existed in the North too, but not as common
Women had few legal rights and couldn’t voteSalem Witch Trials- Massachusetts, 1692-
hysteria caused by accusations of witch-craft20 people convicted and killed
New Ideas Influence the ColonistsEnlightenment- emphasis on reason and logic
to obtain knowledgeBenjamin Franklin- most famous enlightenment
figure in AmericaThe Great Awakening- religious revival that
swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740sTraveling ministers delivering sermons to mass
audiences
Significance of the Great AwakeningIncreased importance of religion throughout
the coloniesNew Christians- Native Americans and
Africans/African-AmericansNew religious sects (branches)- Baptists and
MethodistHelped lay the foundation for the American
Revolution
What to expect on Test Day:1. You will have the first 20 minutes to look over
your study guides and get some last minute studying done- here is your opportunity to ask me any last minute questions
2. I will collect the study guides from everyone3. You will be given a test packet and an answer
sheet4. On the answer sheet you will sign the honor
code and begin working5. When you finish your test you will place it on
my desk and pick up vocabulary to work on
Important Test informationFor those students who score below an 80%
on the test you will be required to do a remediation activity
THIS IS AN EXTRA ASSIGNMENT THAT MUST BE COMPLETED!!!!
It is to your benefit to study as much as possible and do your best on the test!!!!