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TRANSCRIPT
Handbook of Thermal
Conductivity
Volume 1
Organic Co mpounos
C 1 toC4
Handbook of Vapor Pressure Volume 1: C1 to C 4 Compounds (Product #5189) Volume 2:C5 to C7 Compounds (Product #5190) Volume 3:C8 to C28 Compounds (Product #5191) Volume 4: Inorganic Compounds and Elements (Product #5394)
Carl L. Yaws
Handbook of Viscosity Volume 1:C1 to C 4 Compounds (Product #5362) Volume 2" C5 to C7 Compounds (Product #5364) Volume 3:C8 to C28 Compounds (Product #5368)
Carl L. Yaws
Handbook of Thermal Conductivity Volume 1:C1 to C 4 Compounds (Product #5382) Volume 2:C5 to C7 Compounds (Product #5383) Volume 3:C8 to C28 Compounds (Product #5384)
Carl L. Yaws
Each of the above series contains data for more than 1,000 organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, oxygenates, halogenates, nitrogenates, sulfur compounds, and silicon compounds. The data are presented in graphs for vapor pressure, viscosity, or thermal conductivity as a func- tion of temperature and are arranged by carbon number and chemical formula to enable the engi- neer to quickly determine values at the desired temperatures.
Handbook of Transport Property Data (Product #5392)
Carl L. Yaws Comprehensive data on viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of gases
and liquids are presented in convenient tabular format.
Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons Volume 1, Second Edition (Product #5067) Volume 2, Third Edition (Product #5175) Volume 3 (Product #5176) Volume 4 (Product #5272)
R. W. Gallant and Carl L. Yaws The four-volume series provides chemical, environmental, and safety engineers with quick and
easy access to vital physical property data needed for production and process design calculations.
Thermodynamic and Physical Property Data (Product #5031)
Carl L. Yaws Property data for 700 major hydrocarbons and organic chemicals, including oxygen, nitrogen,
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur compounds, are provided.
Hancllgool l errna oncluct v
Volume I
Organic Compounds
CltO C 4 Carl L. Yaws
Gulf Publishing Company Houston, London, Paris, Zurich, Tokyo
Handbook of Thermal Conductivity, Volume 1
Copyright �9 1995 by Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher.
Gulf Publishing Company Book Division P.O. Box 2608 [:] Houston, Texas 77252-2608
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed on Acid-Free Paper (oo)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Yaws, Carl L. Handbook of thermal conductivity / Carl L. Yaws.
p. c m . - (Library of physico-chemical property data) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: v. 1. Organic compounds, C1 to C 4 - v. 2.
Organic compounds, Cs to C7 D v. 3. Organic compounds, C8 to C28.
ISBN 0-88415-382-7 (v. 1). D ISBN 0-88415-383-5 (v. 2). ~ ISBN 0-88415-384-3 (v. 3)
1. Heat~Conduction~Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. II. Series.
QD257.7.Y38 1995 661.8~dc20 95-5676
CIP
Li Bu Graduate student, Chemical Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A.
Jack R. Hopper Professor and Chair, Chemical Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A.
Xiaoyan Lin Graduate student, Chemical Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A.
Sachin Nijhawan Graduate student, Chemical Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A.
Carl L. Yaws Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A.
Many colleagues and students have made contributions and helpful comments over the years. The author is grateful to each: Jack R. Hopper, Joe W. Miller, Jr., C.S. Fang, K.Y. Li, Keith C. Hansen, Daniel H. Chen, P.Y. Chiang, H.C. Yang, Xiang Pan, Xiaoyan Lin, Duane G. Piper, Jr., Li Bu, and Sachin Nijhawan.
The author wishes to extend special appreciation to his wife (Annette) and family (Kent, Michele, Chelsea, and Brandon; Lindsay and Rebecca; and Matthew and Sarah).
The author wishes to acknowledge that the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center provided partial support to this work.
This handbook presents a variety of thermodynamic and physical property data. It is incumbent upon the user to exercise judg- ment in the use of the data. The author and publisher do not provide any guarantee, express or implied, with regard to the general or spe- cific applicability of the data, the range of errors that may be associ- ated with any of the data, or the appropriateness of using any of the data in any subsequent calculation, design, or decision process. The author and publisher accept no responsibility for damages, if any, suf- fered by any reader or user of this handbook as a result of decisions made or actions taken on information contained herein.
vi
Thermal conductivity data are important in many engineering applications in the chemical processing and petroleum refining industries. The objective of this book is to provide the engi- neer with such data. The data are presented in graphs coveting a wide temperature range to enable the engineer to quickly determine values at the temperatures of interest. The contents of the book are arranged in the following order: graphs, references, and appendixes.
The graphs for thermal conductivity as a function of temperature are arranged by carbon num- ber and chemical formula to provide ease of use. Most of the graphs for the liquid cover a wide temperature range extending from melting point to boiling point to near the critical point. The graphs for gas cover a wide temperature range and are applicable at low pressure. Common units are used for thermal conductivity (W/m K). For those involved in English usage, each graph dis- plays a conversion factor to provide the English units.
The coverage encompasses a wide range of organic compounds including hydrocarbons such as alkanes, olefins, acetylenes, and cycloalkanes; oxygenates such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, ethers, glycols, and anhydrides; halogenates such as chlorinated, brominated, fluorinated, and iodinated compounds; nitrogenates such as nitriles, amines, cyanates, and amides; sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, and sulfates; silicon compounds such as silanes and chlorosilanes; and many other chemical types.
The graphs for liquids are based on both experimental data and estimates. Estimates for liq- uid thermal conductivity were primarily based on modified Missenard and Pachaiyappan meth- ods. Both experimental data and estimates were then regressed to provide the same equation with wide and extended temperature coverage for all compounds.
Very limited experimental data for liquid thermal conductivities are available at temperatures in the region of the melting point. Also, there are very few reliable data at temperatures above a reduced temperature of Tf = 0.65. Thus, the values in the regions of melting point and reduced temperatures above 0.65 should be considered rough approximations. The values in the interme- diate region (above melting point and below reduced temperature of 0.65) are more accurate.
The graphs for gases are also based on both experimental data and estimates. In the absence of experimental data, estimates were primarily based on correlations of Roy and Thodos; Misic and Thodos; and Stiel and Thodos and modified Eucken models. Experimental data and esti- mates were then regressed to provide the same equation for all compounds. The graphs are applicable for low pressure gas. The presented values may be adjusted to provide values at high- er pressure using the methods in Reid, Prausnitz, and Poling (25).
Very limited experimental data for gases are available for highly polar and high molecular weight compounds. Also, very few experimental data are available for organic compounds at high temperatures above 600 K. Thus, the values for these compounds and high temperatures should be considered rough approximations.
The literature has been carefully searched in construction of the graphs. The references are given in the section following the graphs near the end of the book. The references provide doc- umentation for the original sources used in preparing the work.
The equations for liquid and gas thermal conductivities are:
1Ogl0 ~liq = A + B [1 - T / C ] 2/7
~gas = A + B T + C T 2
(liquid) (gas)
The coefficients for the equations are provided in the appendix near the end of the book. The tabulated~values are especially arranged for quick usage with hand calculator or computer. Computer programs, containing coefficients for all compounds, are available for liquid and gas.
vii
Each program is in ASCII which can be accessed by other software. For information, contact Carl L. Yaws, Ph.D., P.O. Box 10053, Beaumont, Texas 77710, phone/fax (409) 880-8787.
A list of compounds is also given near the end of the book to aid the user in quickly locating the compound of interest by the chemical formula or name.
viii
Handbook of Thermal
Conductivity
Volume 1
Organic Co mpounas
C 1 toC4
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API Research Project No. 44, SELECTED VALUES OF PHYSICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC pROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS, Carnegie Press, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, PA (1953). SELECTED VALUES OF PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS,
Q
0
0
0
0
,
9. 10.
11.
12.
13.
14. 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Thermodynamics Research Center, TAMU, College Station, TX (1977, 1984). SELECTED VALUES OF PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, Thermodynamics Research Center, TAMU, College Station, TX (1977, 1987). TECHNICAL DATA BOOK - PETROLEUM REFINING, Vol. I and II, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1972, 1977, 1982). Daubert, T. E. and R. P. Darmer, DATA COMPILATION OF PROPERTIES OF PURE COMPOUNDS, Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4, Supplements 1 and 2, DIPPR Project, AIChE, New York, NY (1985-1992). Ambrose, D., VAPOUR-LIQUID CRITICAL PROPERTIES, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England, NPL Report Chem 107 (Feb., 1980). Simmrock, K. H., R. Janowsky and A. Ohnsorge, CRITICAL DATA OF PURE SUBSTANCES, Vol. II, Parts 1 and 2, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, 6000 Frankfurt/Main, Germany (1986). INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL TABLES, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1926). Maxwell, J. B., DATA BOOK ON HYDROCARBONS, D. Van Nostrand, Princeton. NJ (1958). Egloff, G., pHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF HYDROCARBONS, Vols. 1-6, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, NY (1939-1947). Braker, W. and A. L. Mossman, MATHESON GAS DATA BOOK, 6th ed., Matheson Gas Products, Secaucaus, NJ (1980). CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 66th - 74th eds., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL (1985-1993). LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY, 13th and 14th eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1985, 1992). PERRY'S CHEMICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1984). Kaye, G. W. C. and T. H. Laby, TABLES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTANTS, Longman Group Limited, London, England (1973). Raznjevic, Kuzman, HANDBOOK OF THERMODYNAMIC TABLES AND CHARTS, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, NY (1976). Vargaftik, N. B., TABLES ON THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES, 2nd ed., English translation, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, NY (1975, 1983). Timmermans, J., pHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSTANTS OF PURE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, Vol. 1 and 2, Elsevier, New York, NY (1950,1965). Ho, C. Y., P. E. Liley, T. Makita and Y. Tanaka, PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FLUIDS, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, NY (1988). Tsederberg, N. V., THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GASES AND LIQUIDS, R. D. Cess, editor, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1965). Vargaftik, N. B., L. P. Filippov, A. A. Tarzimanov and E. E. Totskiy, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GASES AND LIQUIDS, Standards Press, Moscow, USSR (1978). Landolt-Bomstein, ZAHLENWERTE UND FUNKIONEN ANS PHYSIK, CHEMEI, ASTRONOMIE UND TECHNIK, 6th ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany (1972). Touloukian, Y. S., P. E. Liley and S. C. Saxena, THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER, Vol. 11 - Viscosity, IFI/Plenum Press, New York, NY (1974). Lyman, W. J., W. F. Reehl and D. H. Rosenblatt, HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL PROPERTY
25.
26.
27.
28. 29.
30.
ESTIMATION METHODS, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1982). Reid, R. C., J. M. Prausnitz and B. E. Poling, THE PROPERTIES OF GASES AND LIQUIDS, 3rd eel. (R. C. Reid and T. K. Sherwood), 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1977, 1987). Kirk, R. E. and D. F. Othmer, editors, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICALTECHNOLOGY, 3rd ed., Vols. 1-24, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1978-1984). Beaton, C. F. and G. F. Hewitt, PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA FOR THE DESIGN ENGINEER, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, NY (1989). Yaws, C. L., PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1977). Yaws, C. L., THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1992). Yaws, C. L. and R. W. Gallant, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS, Vols. 1 (2nd ed.), 2 (3rd ed.) and 3 (lst ed.), Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1992, 1993, 1993).
Carl L. Yaws, Xiaoyan Lin, Li Bu and Sachin Nijhawan Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas
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Carl L. Yaws, Xiaoyan Lin and Li Bu Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas
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