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22/08/2013 Phong Trn - ...kin thc khng th mua m c...: Nhng Hm c bn trong Excel

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Nhng Hm c bn trong Excel

HM C BN TRONG EXCEL

Microsoft Excel, l mt phn mm ng dng rt hay. N l mt cng c thng k, tnh ton v qun l

nhn s v ti chnh. V l mt cng c h tr c lc cho gii k ton. Chnh v vy n c p dng v

s l rng ri trong cc cng ty, x nghip hin nay.

Do gii hn ca quyn sch ny, cng nh cho ng vi ci tiu ca n. Chnh v vy ti ch

cp n mt s phn quan trng, trc ht ti xin gii thiu 60 hm c bn ca Excel:

TN NGHA C PHP

Cng thc lun c bt u bng du bng (=)

Len n s k t Len(a ch)

Left Ct s k t bt u t bn tri Left(a ch, s k t ct)

Right Ct s k t bt u t bn phi Right(a ch, s k t ct)

Mid Ct s k t ty Mid(a ch ,s k t bt u, s k

t kt thc)

Upper Chuyn k t thnh k t hoa Upper(a ch)

Lower Chuyn k t thnh k t thng Lower(a ch)

Proper Chuyn k t u ca t thnh hoa Proper(a ch)

Trim Xa khong trng v ngha Trim(a ch)

Find Tm v tr k t Find( k t tm, a ch, v tr th

my)

Search Tm v tr k t Cng dng v cp php ging hm

find, nhng khng phn bit ch

hoa, thng

Substitute Tm v thay th k t Substitute(a ch, k t tm, k t

thay, v tr th my)

If Hm logic, tnh theo iu kin If(iu kin, gi tr ng, gi tr sai)

And Kt ni nhiu iu kin cng tha And(iu kin 1, iu kin 2)

Or Kt ni nhiu iu kin nhng trong ch

cn mt tha

Or(iu kin 1, iu kin 2)

Average Tnh trung bnh cng Average(a ch)

Max Tm s ln nht Max(a ch)

Min Tm s nh nht Min(a ch)

Count m gi tr s Count(a ch)

CountA m k t v s Counta(a ch)

Countblank m rng Countblank(a ch)

Countif m theo iu kin Countif(a ch cha iu kin, iu

kin)

Sum Tnh tng Sum(a ch)

Sumif Tnh tng theo iu kin Sumif(vng iu kin, iu kin,

vng gi tr tnh)

Sumproduct Tnh tng ca tch Sumproduct((a ch 1), (a ch))

Large Tm gi tr s ln th n Large(a ch, ln th my)

Small Tm gi tr s nh th n Small(a ch, nh th my)

Rank Xp hng(trong kiu = 0 l gim dn,

kiu = 1 l tng dn)

Rank(a ch, kiu)

Text nh dng biu thc(>100 0,00,0.0,0.00)

(

Text(gi tr, kiu nh dng)



Value Chuyn gi tr s dng chui thnh s

tnh ton

Value(a ch)

Round Lm trn s(trong n v lm trn =

sm lm trn n phn nguyn, bng s

dng ln trn n phn thp phn)

Round(gi tr, n v lm trn)

Vd:A1=37496.2748

Round(A1,2)=37496.27

Round(A1,-1)=37500

Int Ly phn nguyn nh hn gn nht Int(gi tr)

Trunc Ly phn nguyn Trunc(gi tr) vd:trunc(10/3)=3

Mod Ly phn d Mod(s b chia, s chia)

Sqrt Tnh cn bc hai Sqrt(gi tr) vd:sqrt(4)=2

Now Tr v ngy, gi hin hnh ca hu thng Now()

Today Tr v ngy hin hnh Today()

Weekday Tr v th ca ngy trong tun(trong 1

l ch nht)

Weekday(a ch)

Day Tr v gi tr ngy Day(today())

Month Tr v gi tr thng Month(today())

Year Tr v nm Year(today())

Data Tr v ngy thng nm Data(nm, thng, ngy)

Datavalue Tr ngy dng chui thnh biu thc ngy Datavalue(a ch)

Hour Tr v gi Hour(now())

Minute Tr v pht Minute(now())

Second Tr v giy Second(now())

Timevalue Tr gi dng chui thnh biu thc gi Timevalue(a ch)

Time Tr v gi pht giy Time(a ch)

vd:(10.15.20)=10:15:20

Isna Kin tra li #N/A(trong gi tr tr v

true l li, false l khng li)

Isna(hm tham chiu)

Isnumber Kim tra d liu c phi l kiu s

khng(trong gi tr tr v true l kiu s,

false l khng )

Isnumber(tham chiu)

Isblank Kin tra d liu trong c trng

khng(trong ga tr tr v true l khng

c d liu, false c d liu)

Isblank(a ch)

Iserror Kim tra cng thc c sai khng(trong

gi tr tr v true l sai, false l khng sai)

Iserror(a ch)

Code Tr k t v gi tr trong bng m Ascii Code(k t)

Char Tr k s v gi tr trong bn m Ascii Char(k s)

HM THAM CHIU

Ch : vng tham chiu lun lun c tuyt i($)

Hlookup Tham chiu theo dng t bng ph

(trong kiu = 0 l so snh chnh xc,

kiu =1 l gn chnh xc)

Hlookup(gi tr tham chiu, vng

tham chiu, s dng gi tr ly, kiu)

Vlookup Tham chiu theo ct t bn Phu (trong

kiu = 0 l so snh chnh xc, kiu =1 l gn

chnh xc)

Vlookup(gi tr tham chiu, vng

tham chiu, s ct gi tr ly, kiu)

Match Tham chiu mt chiu(tron vng tm

kim phi l mng mt chiu, v kiu = 0 l

tm kim chnh xc, kiu =1 l gn chnh xc

Match(gi tr tm kim, vng bng tm

kim, kiu)



Index Tham chiu ct dng t bng ph(nu s

th t dng = 0, th tr v gi tr l nguyn

ct(mng ct) v ngc li.

Index(vng bn ph, s th t dng,

s th t ct)

HM C S D LIUTn hm(vng bng c s d liu, s th t ct tnh, vng bng iu kin)

Trong vng bng CSDL gm a ch v c tiu .

STT ct tnh l s th t ca ct c tnh ton(ct u ca vng CSDL l 1).

Vng iu kin c xy dng ti v tr khc trn bng tnh theo yu cu sau:

+ Tiu bng iu kin trng vi bng CSDL khi iu kin l gi tr copy

+ Tiu bng iu kin khc vi bng CSDL khi iu kin l cng thc v lun tr v kt qu l True

hoc False.

Trong trng hp phi s dng nhiu iu kin th:

+ And S c t cng dng

+ Or - S c t lch dng

Dsum Tnh tng gi tr da trn vng iu kin Dsum(vng bn CSDL, s th t ct

tnh, vng iu kin)

Daverage Tnh trung bnh cng da trn vng iu

kin

Daverage(vng bn CSDL, s th t

ct tnh, vng iu kin)

Dmax Tm s ln nht da trn vng iu kin Dmax(vng bn CSDL, s th t ct

tnh, vng iu kin)

Dmin Tm s nh nht da trn vng iu kin Dmin(vng bn CSDL, s th t ct

tnh, vng iu kin)

Dcount m gi tr s da trn vng iu kin Dcount(vng bn CSDL, s th t

ct tnh, vng iu kin)

DcountA m k t s v k t da trn vng iu

kin

Dcounta(vng bn CSDL, s th t

ct tnh, vng iu kin)

m s t trong mt (cell) ca Excel 2003

Bn dng cng thc sau m s t trong mt :

=IF(LEN(TRIM(A1))=0,0,LEN(TRIM(A1))-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1," ",""))+1)

BNG M LI

M LI NGHA

#VALUE Khng tnh c, tr sai

#N/A Gia tr tham chiu khng tn ti

#NAME? Khng nhn c tn hm

#NUM! Tr s khng hp l

#DIV/0 Php chia cho khng

#REF! Khng tham chiu n c

#NUL! Rng

SAO CHP:

Edit/Paste Special

All: Sao chp tt c cc yu t lin quan n .

Formulas: Sao chp cng thc.



Values: Sao chp gi tr.

Formats: Sao chp nh dng.

Comments: Sao chp ch thch trong nu c.

Validation: Sao chp biu thc quy nh tnh hp l ca d liu nhp.

Operation-Sao chp c s dng ton t

None: khng s dng ton t khi Sao chp

Add: Sao chp cng(kt qu= ch+ ngun)

Subtract: Sao chp tr (kt qu = ch+ ngun)

Multiply: Sao chp nhn(kt qu = ch* ngun)

Divide: Sao chp chia(kt qu = ch/ ngun)

q Skip blanks: b qua nhng rng(khng cha d liu)

q Transpose: Sao chp chuyn v(ct thnh dng, v ngc li)

Paste Link: Sao chp c lin kt, nu d liu thay i, d liu ch cng thay i theo.

A CH:

L cch gi phn bit hoc khi gia cc v khi khc trong bng tnh.

a ch : l s kt hp gia k hiu ct v dng

a ch khi: l s kt hp gia u v cui, ngn cch nhau bi du 2 chm(:).

PHN LOI:

C 3 loi:

a ch tng i: khi thay i kt qu th a ch ca cc tham chiu cng thay i theo.

a ch tuyt i: khi thay i kt qu th a ch ca tham chiu khng thay i theo.

Vd:$Column $row

a ch hn hp: l s kt hp gia a ch tng i v tuyt i.

Vd:$Column row

CC KIU D LIU:

Kiu chui: Bao gm cc k t :A-Z, a-z, 0-9

c im: Lun c canh tri, khi s dng kiu chui trong cng thc lun c t trong dy nhy

kp().

Cc php ton: &

Kiu s: Bao gm 0-9

c im: lun c canh phi trong

Cc php ton: +, -, *, /, ^, %.

Kiu l lun: L kiu logic, thng c dng lm iu kin trong cc hm so snh.

c im: Lun tr v 1 trong 2 gi tr l: True hoc False



CC PHP TON:

PHP TON TNG NG

Equel to =

Greater than >

Less than =

Less than or Equel to

Kiu ngy gi:Date, Time:

Kiu ngy: Date

c im: Lun c canh phi trong , khng c php cng ngy

Cc php ton:

Ngy-Ngy = S

Ngy S = Ngy

Kiu gi: Time

c im: lun c canh phi trong , khng c php tr cho s

Cc php ton:

Gi Gi = Gi

Kiu cng thc: Bao gm cc ton t, ton hm, a ch, hm

c im: Lun bt u bng du bng( = ), mc u tin trong cng thc ging nh trong ton

hc: nhn chia trc, cng tr sau. Trong ngoc trc, ngoi ngoc sau.

Cng thc mng: l lp cng thc tnh kt qu cho khi ct hoc khi dng. Khi xy dng cng

thc mng lun c kt thc bi :Ctrl+Shift+Enter

Vd: Tng s mt hng tivi:

=Countif(A2:A5),tv.* = count(if(left(A2:A5,2)=TV,1,)

Vd2: tnh tng thnh tin cc mt hng TV c s lng

=Sum(if(left(A2:A5,2)=TV, IF(B2

NH DNG:

Format/CellsTab Number:

General: nh dng chung cho kiu d liu

Number: nh dng cho cc d liu s

+Decimal Place(2) quy nh my s l

+Use 100 Suparator(,) phn cch hng ngn

Currency: Quy nh kiu tin t



Date: La chn cch biu din d liu dng ngy

Time: La chn cch biu din d liu dng ngy

Percentage:Quy nh cch biu din d liu kiu phn trm(%)

Scientifie: Biu din d liu s kiu khoa hc.

Vd:1.000.000=1*106=1E+6

Vd2: -1.000.000= -1*106= -1E+6

Fraction: Biu din theo kiu phn s: 0.5 - 2/4

Zipcode: Biu din 1 m s

Custom: Ty nh dng cho cc kiu d liu.

Ch : 0 i din cho 1 k t s, nu khng c th c thay th bi s 0.

# - i din cho 1 k t s, nu khng c th c b trng.

NH DNG IU KIN:

L nh dng d liu m bng tnh cn c vo iu kin:

T khi vng d liu, chn:

Add: thm iu kin

Delete: xa iu kin

Format: nh dng bng tnh cn c vo iu kin

Trong Condtion1 c hai la chn:

1-Cell Value is : nh dng theo gi tr trong

2-Formula is : nh dng theo cng thc

Ch : thit lp cng thc lun c du =, lun tr v kt qu True hoc False

S dng a ch u tin ca khi thit lp cng thc.

Trong trng hp cn c vo iu kin 1 dng(mu tin)th c nh a ch ct cho cc a ch s dng

trong cng thc.

SP XP:

T khi bng d liu, chn:

Sort by: chn kha

Ascending: xp tng dn

Descending:xp gim dn

Trong mc My list has: xp hay khng xp dng tiu



PHN NHM CSDL:

L vic phn chia CSDL ra thnh tng nhm v la chn tnh ton trn :

Sp xp bng CSDL theo ct c phn nhm, t khi bng CSDL, chn:

Data/Subtotals

At each change in: chn ct phn nhm

Use function : chn hm tnh ton

Add subtotal to: chn nhng ct no mun thc hin thng k, tnh ton trn

q Replace current subtotals: thay th Subtotal hin hnh trc

q Page break between groups: ngt trang cho tng nhm

q Summary below data: to dng tng cng cho tt c cc nhm

Remove All: xa tt c cc SubTotal hin c.

KIM TRA NHP D LIU TRONG EXCELL:

T khi vng bng tnh cn kim tra trc khi nhp liu, chn

Data/Validation

Tab Settings: thit lp vic kim tra, trong mc Allow:

An ny value: kiu d liu bt k

Whole number: kiu s

Decimal: kiu thp phn

Data: kiu ngy

Time: kiu gi

List: kiu danh sch

Custom: thit lp cng thc kim tra vng d liu cho cc kiu ty : trong cng thc lun tr v gi

tr True hoc False, cng thc khng c di qu 500 k t.

Vd:thit lp cng thc kim tra d liu nhp cho ct m nhn vin nh sau:

Chiu di 5 k t, 2 k t u l s th t, 2 k t tip l m phn ban, k t cui l A hoc B

Cng thc:

=And(Len(A2)=5, Code(Left(A2,1) >= 48, Code(Mid(A2,2,1)) >= 48,

Isna(Match(Value(Mid(A2,3,1)),A11:A13,0))=False, Or(Code(Right(A2,1)=65, Code(Right(A2,1)=66))

Data: la chn php ton

q Ignore blank: b qua nhng trng

q Apply these changes to all other cells with the same settings: chn, nu mun tc ng cc thay

i, nu c, n nhng phm vi khc nu chng c cng kiu quy nh.

Clear All: xa tt c cc quy nh



Tab Input Message: xy dng ToolTip hng dn cho a ch, trong :

Title: xy dng tiu

Input message: xy dng ni dung

q Show input message when cell is selected: bt/tt thng bo v iu kin quy nh khi c chn.

Tab Error Alert: xy dng ca s bo li, trong :

Style: biu tng thng bo

Title: xy dng tiu

Error message: xy dng ni dung bo li

q Show error alert affter invalid data is entered: bt/tt thng bo li ngay sao khi d liu c nhp

vo.

TRCH LC TRN CSDL:

L vic lc ra cc mu tin t bng CSDL da trn iu kin,trong :

Trch lc t ng ngay trn bng CSDL:

T khi, chn:

Data/Filter/Auto filter, nhp mi tn chn kiu lc, trong :

All: lit k tt c cc d liu

Top 10: lit k 10 dng u tin

Custom: thit lp iu kin ty , trong :

Begin with: bt u vi

End with: kt thc vi

Not begien with: khng bt u vi

Not end with: khng bt u vi

Contain: cha ng gi tr

Not contain: khng cha ng gi tr

Ch : i vi trng hp c t 2 iu kin tr ln hoc vi cc ct khc nhau th chc nng ny khng

thc hin c

Trch lc ra mt bng ring: da v bng iu kin c thit lp ti v tr khc trn bng tnh

Thit lp bng iu kin: ging nh bng iu kin ca hm CSDL, cp bc trc.

T khi bng CSDL, chn:

Data/Filter/Advanced filter

Filter the list, in-place: trch lc ngay trn bng CSDL

copy to another location: trch lc d liu ra v tr khc



List range: a ch CSDL

Criteria range: a ch v tr cn copy ra

q Unique records only: loi b nhng mu tin trng lp

TRCH LC CSDL CH VI MT S CT QUY NH:

Xy dng bng kt qu vi mt s ct (fiell) quy inh, c tn fiell trng vi tn fiell ca bng CSDL.

X dng chc nng Advanced nh bnh thng, nhng Copy to:c ly a ch ca bng kt qu .

Ch :ta nn ly d 1 vi dng trng qu trnh lc c y .

THNG K TNG HP:

Dng thng k tng hp t 1 hoc nhiu bng CSDL thnh 1 bng tng hp da trn cc bng d liu:

To cu trc ca bng tng hp, c tiu trng vi tiu ca cc ct tng hp

T khi bng tng hp v cc dng trng lu tr kt qu, chn:

Data/Consolidate

Reference: a ch ca cc bng CSDL c tham chiu, ct u tin ca vng tham chiu phi trng vi

ct u tin ca bng tng hp

All references: lu cha tt c cc vng d liu c tham chiu thng qua Add

Chn Top row, Left column

Browse:dng m tp tin CSDL khc ca bng excell

q Create links to source data: to lin kt gia bng tng hp v bng tham chiu khi khc Sheft hoc

khc tp tin.

TH

L cch biu din d liu di dng hnh nh.

c thit lp qua 4 bc:Insert/Chart

Bc 1:Chart Type: La chn kiu th

Bc 2: Data Source: Xc nh vng d liu v th(nu t khi trc ri th b qua bc ny.

Bc 3: Chart Option: Xc nh thng s cho th:

Trong Tab Titles, vi nhng quy nh sau:

Char title: Tn th

Category(x)axis:Tn trc honh

Value(y)axis: Tn trc tung

Tab Axes, vi nhng quy nh sau:

q Category(x)axis: Bt/Tt gi tr trc honh

q Value(y)axis: Bt/Tt gi tr trc tung



Automatic: T ng nhn dng nhm nhn

Category: Nhm nhn quy nh mc Category Axis Label

Time-scale: Biu th nhm nhn theo dng ngy

Tab Gridlines, vi nhng quy nh sau:

Category(x)axis: Bt/Tt/Mt ng li ngang

Value(y)axis: Bt/Tt/Mt ng li dc

Tab Legend, vi nhng quy nh sau:

q Show Legend: Hin/n bng ch thch

Mc Placement: Quy nh v tr t bng ch thch

Tab Data Labels, vi nhng quy nh sau:

Mc data labels: Cc thng s v nhn ca d liu, trong

None: khng dng nhn

Show value: hin th gi tr lm nhn

Show percent: hin th gi tr dng phn trm

Show label: hin th hin th nhm nhn trn trc x ln th

Show label and percent: hin th nhm nhn v gi tr dng phn trm

Show bubble size: hin th kch thc bt ca th

q Legen key next to label: Bt/Tt cc k hiu ca chui d liu trong hp ch thch.

Tab Data Table: Hin/n bng d liu

Bc 4: Chart Location: Xc nh v tr t th, trong :

As new sheet: Nm trn 1 Sheet ring

As Object in: Nm trn Sheet hin hnh

NH DNG:

Do th c to ra bi kt hp nhiu thnh phn, nn nh dng th l nh dng trn tng thnh

phn. Nhp chut phi vo thnh phn, chn Format

IN N TRONG EXCELL

Xem Tng Quat Trang In:

File/Print Preview, xut hin hp thoi, trong :

Next: Hin th trang in k tip(nu c)

Previous: Hin th trang in trc

Zoom: Phng to/Thu nh

Print: Chuyn sang hp thoi Print



Setup: Chuyn sang hp thoi Page Setup

Margin: Bt/Tt cc ng bin ca l v ct

Page Break Preview: xem cc du ngt trang

In Ra My In:

File/Print:

Selection: In phn hin c nh du

Active sheet: In sheet hin hnh

Entire workbook: In tt c cc sheet trn book

Properties: xem cc thng s k thut v my in.

Print to file: in bng tnh thnh mt file di dng nh phn.

Number of copies: Xc nh s bn in ra bao nhiu

Collate: Bt/Tt vic chn in theo tng b hay tng trang.

Preview: Tr li ca s Preview

Quy nh Cc Thng S V Trang In:

File/Page Setup:

Tab Page, bao gm:

Portrait: in dc

Landscape: in ngang

Adjust to: xc nh t l phng/thu so vi kch thc chun, hoc

Fit to: in va vn vi bao nhiu trang do ta ch nh.

Paper Size: chn kh giy(A3=297 x 420, A4=210 x 297, A5 = 148.5 x 210).

Print Quality: Chn phn gii khi in(ph thuc vo tng my in c th).

First page number: chn cch nh s cho trang u tin(nn chn Auto)

Print: tr v ca s bt u in.

Print preview: xem li trang in

Options: xc nh thm 1 s thng s khc.

Tab Margins, bao gm:

Quy nh v thit lp nhng thng s v l ca giy, trong :

q Horizontally: canh gia theo chiu ngang ca trang in.

q Vertically: canh gia theo chiu dc ca trang in.

Tab Header/Footer, bao gm:

Cc thit t cho tiu trang in



Tab Sheet, bao gm:

Print area: xc nh vng in bng a ch.

Prin titles: chn nhng dng trn (Rows to repeat at top)hoc ct tri (Columns to repeat at left)no s

c in lp li mi u trang mi.

Prin: ch nh cc yu t trn bng tnh c c in ra hay khng, trong :

q Gridlines: bt/tt in ng li.

q Back and white: In trng en

q Draft quality: In nhp

q Row and column headings: bt/tt in heading(dng/ct a ch)

Comments: bt/tt in ch thch trong (nu c)

Page order: chn th t in: in xung ri sang tri(Down, then over), hoc in sang tri ri xung(Over,

then down).

ham excel

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