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TitleHABITAT - ECOLOGY

&SUSTAINABLITY

PRESENTED BY

Prof. Dr. Arvind Krishan

FINITE DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM & REGENRATIVE NATURAL RESOURCE

as determinants of SustainabilityMother Earth

Dynamic Eco-SystemSolar Spectrum

Engine that drives Planet Earth

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AN ECO-SETTLEMENTAN OPTIMUM BASIS FOR HUMAN EXISTANCE

HOLISTIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

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THREE CARDINAL PRINCIPALS OF SUSTAINABILITY

THERE IS NO SUSTAINABILITY WITHOUT EQUITY

Source: Prof. Mike Jenks

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Residential BuildingsAnnual Consumption=116 billion kWh

13%

4%

34%

7%

28%4%10% Lighting

A/CFansEV CoolerRefrigerationTVOthers Commercial Buildings

Annual Consumption = 33 billion kWh

34%

6%

60%

LightingHVACOthers

Annual electricity consumption in Indian Buildings (Source CMIE 2001)

1.0 kwh (SAVED) = 1.67-1.83 kwh (GENERATED)

= 2.3 for Indian condition

THE IMPERITIVESDEMAND & WASTE

MUST BE MINIMISED

TRADITION AS A CRITICAL RESOURCE

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TWO INDIAN DESERTS - HABITAT FOOTPRINTS

JAISELMER HOT DRY - Compact

SPITUK LEH - Open

Jaiselmer (Hot dry desert India)

( Max. +52 C )

Leh (Cold dry desert India)

( Min – 30 C )

INDIGENOUS HUMAN HABITAT INDIAA Product of evolution in response to ecological context

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Subterranean Settlements Loess belt China

Loyang Northern China

INDEGENOUS HUMAN HABITAT

DESERT CITY OF YAZ - IRAN

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EMERGING SCENARIOGLOBALISATION OR STERILISATION ?

Single Most Contributing Factor

CHINA BAHRAIN INDIA

WHAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED AS HUMAN

ACHIEVEMENT

?

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•CITIES COVER 1% EARTH SURFACE•CONSUME 75% OF TOTAL WORLD ENERGY

•EMIT 80% OF TOTAL WORLD CO2

Source: UNEP REPORT 2005

WHAT FORM HABITATMUST WE CREATE AN

URBAN TRAPA NIGHTMARE 21ST. CENTURY

?

ASIAN CONDITION

• PRESENT WORLD POPULATION: 6.5 Billion• Asian: India + China Population 40% : 2.6 Billion

• PROJECTED WORLD POPULATION 2030: 10 Billion• Projected India + China Population @ 40%: 4.0 Billion• Projected Urban Population @ 75 to 80 %: 3.2. Billion

India + China

• Delhi Present Population: 16 Million• Delhi Projected Population 2035: 48 Million

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Source Prof.Yuichiro KodamaKobe Design University

Architect, Dr.Eng.

TOKYO

EXPANDING CITY

VERTICAL CITYHONGKONG

Source: Prof. Michal Wolf

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WALKING CITYIdyllic City

AUTOMOBILE CITYConsuming City

HABITAT - BUILT FORM

City core

High density area

Middle suburbs-possibility for future redensification

Urban agriculture

Rapid transit

Urban villages/nodes

Possible future Information City – urban villages / nodes (walking oriented) linked by quality public transport,

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DELHI 2035

NATURAL WATER FLOWS:•THE NATURAL WATER FLOWS IN THE SITE ARE KEY DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERVENTIONS.•THESE POINTS ON THE SITE ARE KEPT FREE FROM BUILT INTERVENTIONS TO RETAIN WATER FLOWS FROM THE RIDGE TO THE SITE AND ALSO TO RETAIN INTRA SITE FLOWS.•THESE ARE THE LINES WHICH DETERMINE THE PATH OF THE AQUADUCTS, WHICH BRINGS IN WATER FRO THE CATCHMENTS ON THE RIDGE TO THE SITE

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Summing up

Urban level

sector level

unit level

POSSILE BUILT FORM WITH URBAN AGRICULTURE

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Tokyo 2050 : FibercityProf. OHNO Hidetoshi

TOKYO 2050 Fibercity

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CAN WE CONVERT THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS INTO AN

OPPORTUNITY

?FOR A NEW ERA

A NEW LANGUAGE OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDINGS AS CATALYSTS OF SUSTAINABLE

ECO-CITIES ECO-SOCIETIES

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SOME OF OUR WORK

CRITICAL PROJECTS IN VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF INDIA

Critical Issues

Enhanced Thermal Performance through Architectural Design

Enhanced Daylight Distribution through Architectural Design

Optimise Embodied Energy through judicious material use

Integrate Renewable Energy Systems ( PV etc.)

Cost Effectiveness through:

Enhanced Thermal & Daylight Performance.

Structural System Optimisation

PEDA OFFICECHANDIGARH

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PEDA Office Chandigarh, India –

A New Language of Sustainable Architecture

PEDA Office

Solar Shells for day light & Work stations

During Construction

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FASCINATING ARCHITECTURE - PEDA Office

Day lit Working Environment

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Fascinating Architecture

Restful Working Environment

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PEDA Office - Architecture Integerates Renewable Energy

BIPV

WIND TOWER

TRIBUNE : JAN 2004TRIBUNE : MAY 2004

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View of the canal adjoining the south edge of the site

View from the entry gate

Zoning Plan

SSS – National Institute of Renewable Energy, MNES

View of typical Domical vault

Typical Section through Domical Vault and Solar Chimney

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ON SOUTH FACING GLAZING ALLOWS SOME DAYLIGHT INTO THE ATRIUM

DOMICAL LIGHT VAULT COUPLED WITH SOLAR CHIMNEY IN LABORATORIES

POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES FOR DESIGN OF THE ROOF SECTION

THE HYPERBOLIC ROOF FORM ALLOWS MAX. DAYLIGHT PENETRATION WITHIN THE COVERED SPACE DURING THE WINTER

Hyperbolic Paraboloid Roof and Solar Geometry Relationship

PerspectivePerspectiveR & D wing & Passive

systems

SSS – National Institute of Renewable Energy, MNES

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SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE - HOUSING

SSS – National Institute of Renewable Energy, MNES

RAINY WELL

BUILDINGS

SEWER LINE

R T Z

STORM WATER LINE

RECYCLED WATER

ROOFTOP RUNOFF

WATER BODY

SCHEMATIC PLAN FOR RECYCLE & CONSERVATION OF WATER

Pond

Aquifer Recharge

Run Off Collection

Recycled Water

LEGEND R T Z

Rainy Well

Buildings

NIRE

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View of the Academic block from the water body

A NEW LANGUAGE FOR LARGER INSTITUTESA NEW LANGUAGE FOR LARGER INSTITUTES

SSS – National Institute of Renewable Energy, MNES

Before Retrofit

RETROFIT : HIMURJA BUILDING

A large stock of existing buildings consume a huge amount of natural ( energy ) resources

AFTER RETROFIT

LIMITATIONS CONVERTED INTO OPPORTUNITIES

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CRITICAL INPUTS

•KNOWLEDGE

•INSPIRATION

•INITIATIVE

•INGENUITY

•THESE WILL COME FROM DESIGNERS – A TEAM OF DESIGN

PROFESSIONALS

A Strong Knowledge Base : Is the Key

Chinese Translation

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http://learn.unl.ac.uk/~asia/website/index.html

CLEARComfortable Low Energy Architecture

Web based Teaching and Professional packages

•Prof. Fergus Nicol University of East London•Prof. M. Santamorius University of Athens

•Prof. Arvind Krishan CASA•Prof. Ashok Lall TVB

Project supported by European Union ASIA ITC

ROLE OF REGULATION

USE / DEVELOP WITH UNDERSTANDING

AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION

CANADIAN GREEN HOUSE

Source: Prof. Michelle AddingtonHarvard / Yale

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Ecological footprint: Community, City, Region / Country

THE BUILDING -

THE HABITAT

ENERGY - RESOURCE FLOW ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: MODEL

• Heating•Cooling•Electrical•Transportation•Mechanical

Coal, Petroleum etc.

Renewable Energy

•Solar•Wind•Hydro

•Bio-mass•Bio-gas•Manual

Embodied Energy•Minerals•Metallic products•Organic & Inorganic chemicals•Petroleum products•Forest products

Energy Extraction

FOSSIL FUEL MATERIALS

Climatic ParametersQuantitative –Qualitative Environment•Air Temp.•Humidity•Ventilation•Day light

•Local•Regional•Global

•CO2•CFC•Waste Heat•Sewage •Garbage

Air

Water

Land

Flora & Fauna

•Mixed Refuse•Salvaged material•Garbage

• Landfill• Incinerate• Sewage Treatment

Recycle

Reuse

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

PRIMARY ENERGY

MODIFIED ENVIRONMENT

REUSE

EMISSIONS

WASTE PROCESSING

SEA SHELL BEE HIVE

MY INSPIRATION

NATURAL HABITAT

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS V/S PHOTOVOLTAIC• USES SOLAR SPECTRUM

• CONVERTES INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY

• CONVERTES CO2 TO O2

• NATURAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION

• CREATES WATER

• NATURAL COOLING THROUGH EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION

• WASTE CONVERTS TO NITROGEN AS FOOD

• USES SOLAR SPECTRUM

• CONVERTES INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY 10% - 15%

• 90% WASTED

• CONVERTES INTO HEAT LOWERS CELL EFFICIENCY

• CREATES URBAN HEAT ISLAND

• AS WASTE IS NOT RECYCLABLE

TO MY MIND

DESIGN IS A POWERFUL MEANS FOR ACHIEVING BALANCEBETWEEN MAN AND NATURE

ONLY LIMIT TO WHAT WE CAN DO IS OUR OWN IMAGINATION

WE HAVE THE CAPACITYAND

THE INTELLECTUAL STRENGTH TO DEFINE A NEW WORLD ORDER

A SUSTAINABLE WORLD ORDER

ARVIND KRISHAN