DEPARTMENT OF AGROECOLOGY

29 MAY 2018 SENIOR RESEARCHER

PER KRYGERAARHUSUNIVERSITY

H2020 Rustwatch (2018-22):

First results 2018-2019 about the EU early

warning system for wheat rust diseases

Valérie Cadot, GEVES

13th EU- VCU Expert Seminar , the Netherlands, 25-27th June 2019

valerie.cadot@geves.fr, GEVES, FRANCE

Objectives

❑ Development of the EU early warning system for wheat rust,

➢ based on a multi-actor approach, including stakeholders

➢ taking into account new knowledge about drivers for spread,

➢ identification of new races and their implication for rust prevention

and control.

❑ The system will enable access to share facilities

24 Partners

-12 institutes of research

- 5 technical institutes

- 7 private firms

DEPARTMENT OF AGROECOLOGY

29 MAY 2018 SENIOR RESEARCHER

PER KRYGERAARHUSUNIVERSITY

T3.2 Rust assessment in VCU trials

Linkage of EU- VCU network with WPs

4.3

2

3.2

1.1

New Web tools management,

analysis and display of data

Pathogen phenotyping and genotyping,

population genetic analyses

contributes to dvpt of Data

management system

Comparison: lab

diagnostic/phenotypic data

3.5 Disease surveillance for LR, SR, YR

2.4EU- VCU NETWORK

Host

Resistance

Valérie

Cadot,

(GEVES) Lead of 3.2

TASK 2.4: Diversifying rust resistances at the field and landscape level.Lead: Jérôme Enjalbert, INRA Partners: AU, INRA, GEVES, NIAB, JKI, Agroscope, RAGT, NordicSeed, Breun

M1, M48

- Map R-gene deployment in Europe over the two last decades, through the

collation of available information:

i) Variety composition in specific R-genes,

ii) Variety resistance levels and temporal changes, scored in field trials

iii) Deployment acreages of registered varieties.

- Use France and available genotyping data, as a case study to monitor genetic

diversity of R-Genes,

- Propose cultivar mixtures for WP3 case studies

WP2: Disease prevention by host resistance

WP2.4: Diversifying rust resistancesat the field and landscape level

I / Survey of variety deployment in Europe ( F. Dubs, R. Perronne, et al.)→Data on varietal seed-multiplication or cultivation, not always easy to find in EU

II/ Survey of disease resistance levels of European varieties : VCU network: → Access to the rust resistance scores of registered varieties, thanks to the VCU partners

III/ Development of a dedicated Data-Base (D. Steinbach, Y. Oliveira, M. Polart)→Database under development, open-source code, available for interestedpartners→Secured access, only curators of the DB can access to the row data

IV/ Use of the available information to plot vulnerability maps:- First maps : end 2019- Possibility to link these information with Early warning from VCU VCU trials/Case Study Regions

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2018

Sweden

Belgium

Denmark

France

Czech Republic

Finland

Romania

Italy

Poland

Switzerland

The Netherlands

United Kingdom

Germany

Hungary

VATE-VCU data

Seeds or planting materials

Collect of data from several European countries

➢ for some countries (Austria, Ireland and Spain), hope to obtain data sets if right people isidentified to give us access to them

➢ for the others countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway) :stop looking except if you have any idea who could provide data sets, please let us know

Contact: jerome.enjalbert@inra.fr

EU Data collection on going

WP2.1 +WP2.4 : constitution of a 1000 varieties panel

=> Aim : use of molecular markers to trace the major R-gene deployed in European germplasm over the 10 to 20 last years.

I/ 1000 varieties Panel design

Choice of dominant varieties in Europe as well as emblematic ones (durable R, or very high susceptibility at the origin of epidemics…). Will rely on expert advices and available data, VCU network has a key role here.

jerome.enjalbert@inra.fr

II/ SNP Molecular Typing of the Panel

=> To be performed in 2020, with available R-gene markers (96 SNPs covering 30 to 40 R-genes)

III/ Maps of R-gene deployment

Output:

The implantation of differentials in VCU trials in Europe will enable to:

1. Obtain an early indicator of new YR virulences present in EU VCU trials by

phenotyping rust disease in the field, in order to get a better interpretation of

resistance cultivar

2. Identify races and genotypes in diagnostic labs, by genotyping (SSR markers)

or/and pathotyping

3. Contribute to a Europe mapping tool indicating the disease pressure from yellow

rust, leaf rust and stem rust, by scoring of rust disease in local susceptible

cultivars at VCU trial sites

WP3: Stakeholder networks, shared facilities and case studies

3.2 Rust assessment in VCU trials and trap nurseries

Objectives:

❑ Increase the expertise and efficiency in rust monitoring within Value for

Cultivation and Use (VCU) expertise in cereals.

Work plan 2018 &2019Actions Who? When?

1. Management of the differential host network in VCU trial sites and

other trap nurseries for yellow rustGEVES All the year

2. Distribution of differential lines to EU –VCU offices & multiplication Tystoftefonden September

3.Building the list of VCU trials with differnetials, experimenters and

decimal GPSGEVES with experimenters October to January

4.Harmonization of protocols : sowing, scoring scale, disease pressure All January to May

5.Improvement of the Web platfom:

Sharepoint in 2018 and Wheat Rust toolbox in 2019Univ Aarhus & GEVES January to May

6.Visual scoring on differentials and susceptible cv VCU experimenters May & June

7.Collecting samples for sending to rust diagnostic labs at Univ Aarhus

(YR & SR), or INRA (LR)VCU experimenters May & June

8.Compilation and analysis data => prediction of virulence in the field at

adult plant stage, in link with pathotyping at plantlet stage and

genotyping

GEVES & AA & NIAB Summer

9.Updating the choice of differentials All Summer

10.Centralizing data, analyzing data in WP4 for diffusion by charts and

mapsAA & GEVES  Summer

6 Differential lines createdat the yellow rust EU VCU seminar in GEVES, 2016

By EU-VCU + INRA, JKI, Univ Aarhus, NIAB

Some interrogations (in yellow) still present

DEPARTMENT OF AGROECOLOGY

29 MAY 2018 SENIOR RESEARCHER

PER KRYGERAARHUSUNIVERSITY

Notation scale of rusts: harmonization with Global Rust Reference Center

Scale used in 2018

Scale chosen by

Rustwatch in 2019

Protocole of visual scoring• Disease severity scale, based on % area infected with sporulation of Yellow

Rust, by a visual general assessment on the 3 last leaves,

for the 6 differentials lines

➢2-3 times at adult stage:

1. Heading-flowering : notation on leaves

2. Grain filling: notation on leaves and spikes

▪ Disease pressure assessed in 2019 for the 3 rusts by % area infected on

leaves from susceptible cultivars:

✓ Reference local Yellow Rust cultivars,

✓ Reference local Leaf (Brown) Rust cultivars

✓ Reference local Stem Rust cultivars

In 2018, disease pressure based on %area infected on general assessment of the

trial, with 4 classes:

✓ No pressure : 1

✓ Low : 3

✓ Medium : 5

✓ Strong : 7

To connect on wheat rust toolbox, you click on this link or you write on internet : wheat

rust toolbox

https://web05.agro.au.dk/WheatRustToolbox/Menu/01_Home/Home.aspx

How to login ?

➢ Login with your user username and password. Always use lower case.

➢ Username : composed of the first initial of your first name + the 2 first letters of your

name

➢ e.g.username of Valérie Cadot is: vca

➢ The password initial is composed of the double of your username :

➢ for instance password :vcavca

➢ Modify your password in Partners/change password

How to connect on Wheat rust toolbox?

Which variables for identifying a trial?

Trial sites map with differentials in VCU trials

➢2017: 48 sites in 12

countries (on sharepoint)

➢2018: 63 sites in 17

countries (sharepoint

&WRT)

➢2019: 83 sites in17

countries, +Spain (WRT)

How to enter your visual scoring ?

Click on Trap nurseries/Trap nursery input

For sending a sample to the labs, you have to check sample and enter

a sample code as a combination of:

Country code, YYYY, User init and sample number,

e.g. ES2018ALA102*

This sample code has to be written in the wheat rust toolbox

Very important : Create a sample code to link

genotype and phenotype data

How to receive information on rust scoringfrom EU- VCU trials?

How to access to Severity table?

Sorting by country and

on 3 cultivars

Click on trap nursery/trap nursery output

DEPARTMENT OF AGROECOLOGY

29 MAY 2018 SENIOR RESEARCHER

PER KRYGERAARHUSUNIVERSITY

Results 2018 from VCU data:

❑ Yellow rust genotyping

❑ Virulences by phenotyping differentials

❑ Rust pressure

YR genotyping (SSR) 2018 by Univ. Aarhus on 35 samples

Country Location Host varietyCommon SSR

genotype nameTotal

Austria Fuchenbigl Ambition PstS7 1

Gerhaus Ambition PstS7 1

Belgium Cra-W, Hannut 77397 PstS10 1

Enghein 77480 PstS10 1

Benchmark PstS10 1

ILVO, Leffinge Atomic PstS10 1

Moro PstS10 1

Merelbeke 77472 PstS10 1

Ambition PstS7 1

Poperinge 77401 PstS10 1

Thorambais Moro PstS10 1

Reflection PstS10 1

Spalding Prolific PstS10 1

Czech Republic Brno Chrlice Ambition PstS7 1

Hyfi PstS7 1

Čáslav Ambition PstS7 1

Gaudio PstS7 1

Denmark NAM Flakkebjerg Oakley PstS10 1

PstS14 2

France Erdre-en-Anjou Ambition PstS7 2

Rendez-vous PstS10 1

Estrées-Mons Moro PstS10 1

LE RHEU Ambition PstS7 1

Spalding Prolific PstS10 1

Rots Ambition PstS7 1

Italy Ciminna Moro PstS4 1

Latvia Dizstende Ambition PstS7 1

Moro PstS14 1

Riga Ambition PstS7 1

Netherlands Rilland Spaldings Prolific PstS10 3

Poland Zdoo Kroscina Mala Arkadia PstS10 1

35

Prevalence of Warrior – and

Warrior from 35 samples VCU

from 9 countries

Triticale 2006Warrior Warrior -

Country Nb samples Pst4 Pst7 Pst10 Pst14

Austria 2 2

Belgium 11 1 10

Czech Republic 4 4

Denmark 3 1 2

France 7 4 3

Italy 1 1

Latvia 3 2 1

Netherlands 3 3

Poland 1 1

Total 35 1 13 18 3

3% 37% 51% 9%

Yellow Rust Race Frequency Map 2017-2018

https://rusttracker.cimmyt.org/?page_id=6690

Results 2018 phenotyping and races

N° Institute Country Site

Am

bit

ion

Spal

din

g P

roli

fic

Co

mp

air

(8+

)

Mo

ro (

10

)

Mar

ibo

ss (

15

)

Re

nd

ez-

vou

s (1

7?)

Reflection

Benchmark

Nem

o

SSR results (AU)

1 AGES AT Fuchsenbigl 10 0 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition

2 AGES AT Gerhaus 5 0 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition

3 AGES AT Grabenegg <1 (traces) 0 0 0 0 0

4 Cra-W BE Enghien 0 <1 (traces) 0 1 0 0 0 20 Pst 10 on 77397 & Benmarck

5 Cra-W BE Thorembais 5 10 0 20 0 0 >75 Pst10 on Moro, Spalding Prolific, Reflection

6 ILVO BE Leffinge 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 Pst10 on Moro and Atomic

7 ÚKZÚZ CZ Čáslav <1 (traces) 0 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition and Gaudio

8 ÚKZÚZ CZ Brno Chrlice 20 0 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition and Hyfi

9 ÚKZÚZ CZ Chrastava 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 ÚKZÚZ CZ Uherský Ostroh <1 (traces) 0 0 0 0 0

11 ÚKZÚZ CZ Vysoká 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 CTPS/GEVESFR Erdre-en-Anjou 20 0 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition

13 CTPS/GEVESFR Erdre-en-Anjou-FRR 20 0 <1 (traces)<1 (traces) 0 1 Pst10 on Rendez Vous and Pst7 on Ambition

14 CTPS/VIVESCIAFR La Neuville en Tourne à Fuy 0 0 0 0 0 0 >75

15 INRA FR Estrées-Mons 0 0 0 5 0 0 Pst10 on Moro

16 INRA FR Le Rheu 10 5 0 0 0 0 Pst 7 on Ambition & Pst10 on SP

17 CTPS/Agri-obtentionsFR Orsonville 5 0 0 0 0 0

18 UKSUP SK Želiezovce <1 (traces) 0 0 0 0 0

19 AS.A.R. IT Ciminna <1 (traces) 0 0 40 0 0 Pst4 on Moro

20 VURV CZ Praha-Ruzyně 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 CREA IT Sant'Angelo Lodigiano 0 0 0 0 0 0

- In Moro : off types with thinner spike, susceptible to YR

Moro: pb off types

Moro Off types in Moro :

susceptible to Yellow rust

Photo, GEVES Photo, GEVES

➢ Low pressure of Yellow rust : dry and hot temperature, in UE : East and Center

➢ High pressure of leaf rust

➢ Pb of YR notation due to strong pressures of leaf rust and powder mildew on Moro, Compair

Disease pressure in 2018

AT

/G

erh

au

s

AT

/G

rab

en

eg

g

FR

/E

rdre

-en

-An

jou

-

FR

R

FR

/L

E R

HE

U

CZ

/Č

ásl

av

CZ

/U

he

rsk

ý O

stro

h

IT/

Cim

inn

a

SK

/Ž

eli

ezo

vce

AT

/F

uch

sen

big

l

AT

/G

erh

au

s

AT

/G

rab

en

eg

g

CZ

/Č

ásl

av

CZ

/B

rno

Ch

rlic

e

CZ

/C

hra

sta

va

CZ

/U

he

rsk

ý O

stro

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FR

/E

rdre

-en

-An

jou

-

FR

R

SK

/Ž

eli

ezo

vce

Ambition 3 3 3 5 3 5 7 3 3 3 3 3

Spalding Prolific 3 3 5 5 Traces 9 7 6 4 9 7 7 5 3

Compair 3 3 5 5 7 9 5 4 3 7 7 9 5 5

Moro 7 3 7 7 3 7 5 7 7 7 4 3 7 3 7 7 5

Mariboss 5 6 5 5 3 3 5 9 3 3 6 3 7

Rendez-vous 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 3 3 5 3 3

Powder mildewLeaf rust

Pictures from Belgium : G. Jacquemin

➢ 6 countries on 24 sites /63 : 38% with Yellow Rust : AT, BE, CZ, FR, IT, PL, UK

➢ 7 countries with 0 or traces YR on differentials: HR, HU, LV, LT, DK, SK, DE

➢ 3 countries : not yet answers: CH, EE, NL

DEPARTMENT OF AGROECOLOGY

29 MAY 2018 SENIOR RESEARCHER

PER KRYGERAARHUSUNIVERSITY

First results 2019 from VCU data:

❑ Yellow rust genotyping(final results given in mid July),

❑ Virulences by phenotyping differentials

❑ Rust pressure

Samples received in 2019:

➢ Samples received by GRRC: 241 (51 from VCU trials)

➢ Samples recovered live: 92

➢ Samples SSR genotyped: 103 (93 pure, 10 multiple genotypes)

+20 expected beginning of next week.

First results:

❑ Genetic group PstS10 prevalent on winter wheat : Warrior -

❑ PstS13 prevalent on triticale and durum wheat: race triticale 2015

❑ New race(s) within PstS10, which have been adapted to particular cultivars in 2019 not yet resolved.

Isolates of a new genetic group, detected:

➢in FR in 2017 and 2018 (low frequency)

➢In PL in 2018 (low frequency), & Dk in 2019

Virulence of these isolates is quite similar to original Warrior, but impact on cultivars not yet resolved.

Results 2019 on yellow rust genotyping

❑ PstS10 and PstS13 in Belgium

❑ PstS10 in France

First results 2019 on genetic group for YR

First results 2019 on frequency map for YR

Frequency chart from 2009 - 2019

Predominance of race Warrior – (Pst 10) and triticale 2015 (Pst 13)

Take notice that genetic groups differentiate into more races after some years e.g. PstS0 is the old European group present in Europe dominating 1999 – 2010

In the genetic groups PstS10 to PstS14 until now we only found one race in each group.

We cannot predict when races in these groups differentiate into more than one race.

Data from the VCU network can help identifying this evolution

Ambition Spalding Prolific Compair Moro Mariboss Rendezvous Nemo SR susc cultivar LR susc cultivar YR susc cultivar2019_Thorembais, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Leffinge, ILVO, BE

2019_Hannut, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Willaupuis, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Gesves, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Acosse, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Gembloux, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Poperinge, ILVO, BE

2019_Warervliet, ILVO, BE

2019_Terwagne, OBEV-CRA-W, BE

2019_Flakkebjerg, TystofteFonden, DK

2019_Horsens, TystofteFonden, DK

2019_Holeby, TystofteFonden, DK

2019_Abildgård, TystofteFonden, DK

2019_Tystofte, TystofteFonden, DK

2019_Viljandi, ARC, EE

2019_Orsonville, CTPS-Agri-Obtentions , FR

2019_Erdre-en- Anjou-2 (frr), CTPS-GEVES , FR

2019_Erdre en Anjou-VATE, CTPS-GEVES, FR

2019_Remauville, CTPS-Arvalis, FR

2019_Rots, CTPS-Arvalis, FR

2019_Le Rheu, CTPS-INRA/GEVES, FR

2019_Froissy, CTPS-Unisigma, FR

2019_Nanteuil sur Aisne, CTPS-Vivescia, FR

2019_Berlin-Dahlem, JKI, DE

2019_Lemgo-Hörstmar, SECOBRA, DE

2019_Silstedt, RAGT 2N, DE

2019_Hadmersleben, SYNGENTA, DE

2019_Eszterágpuszta, Nebih, HU

2019_Loreto station - Ciminna (PA), AS.A.R., IT

2019_Sant'Angelo Lodigiano , CREA-DC/CREA-ZA, IT

2019_Tavazzano , CREA-DC, IT

2019_Fellamonica station - Ciminna (PA), AS.A.R. , IT

2019_Montelibretti (RM), CREA-DC, IT

2019_Kroscina Mala , COBORU, PL

2019_Chrzastowo, COBORU, PL

2019_Želiezovce, UKSUP, SK

2019_Prangins, ct Vaud, Agroscope, CH

2019_Zollikofen, ct Bern, Agroscope, CH

2019_Aadorf, ct Thurgau, Agroscope, CH

2019_Courtételle, ct. Jura, Agroscope, CH

2019_Vouvry, ct. Valais, Agroscope, CH

Rust Yellow rust severity2019

Amb SP 8+ 10 15 RV Nemo

Phenotyping results 2019 of the 6 differentials

Ambition (unknown) Spalding Prolific (SP) Moro (Yr 10)

Rendez-Vous (Yr 17?)Mariboss (Yr 15)Compair (Yr8+)

❑ YR races virulent on Nemo in North France and Belgium and not found in any other trials yet

❑ Proposal to add Nemo in the differential set in 2019-2020

Phenotyping results 2019 of Nemo

Warrior (-) avirulent YR17 since

2017 in Belgium and France

In France, Nemo very

susceptible and in Belgium :

Reflection by Warrior (-) av 17

Add Nemo to identify

Warrior – avir 17 for

2020

Current differential lines uncomplete to detect some races

Yellow rust pressure 2019 AT: Very weak infestation in 2 of the 3

Rustwatch trials (Fuchsenbigl,

Grabenegg). Only on the variety

"Ambition" we found low symptoms

DK : yellow rust this year are the worst

since 1990

BE: In spring, low pressure except on

susceptible varieties, susceptible to

Warrior – AV17 race (Nemo, Reflexion

and KWS Smart).

In May, many other varieties affected,

KWS smart resistance defeated

IT (Sicily): Strong pressure of YR: 21

sites/48

FR: Arkeos severely attacked in

west, in north west,near the

channel sea, and in north

Early testing of the YR samples from

Sicily, BE, FR and DK, tested by The

GRRC, do suggest that some new races

may be involved in the severe attacks

of yellow rust.

Deadly strain (60 years ago) in

reemergence in :

❑ Ethiopia & EU : UK, DE, IT (Foggia, Sicily

in VCU), SP (mainly in old varieties),

…???

In UK (JIC) :

- 80% cv are susceptible

- Berberis : alternative host found

in UK

❑ AT: no observations on wheat

Rising threat of Stem rust in 2019

Leaf rust pressure 2019

No answers enough on

susceptible cultivars in Wheat

Rust Toolbox to inform on leaf

rust pressure !

New indicators of disease

pressure?

AT: Very strong infection pressure

with brown rust in all 3 Rustwatch

trials and in the growing area of

wheat.

❑ Reactualize the number of differential sets distributed and plan

distribution of seeds in September:

to do by DK, Tystoftefonden (Gerhard & Anders)

❑ To receive information by University of Aarhus and INRA on

genotypes and races by SSR analysis or pathotyping

❑ Compare results of virulences identified by pathotyping with

differentials in field and in lab

❑ Improve the indicators of disease pressure

❑ Improve the Wheat rust tool box facilities

Prospects

Thank you for your attention!