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Ib~ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume XVI/Number 3/ March 1974

5 NOTES FROM THE PUBLISHER, Glenn Sundby 7 F.I.G. BULLETIN, Frank Cumiskey

8 IN MEMORIUM 9 GYMNASTICS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: Swing

••• The Essence of Gymnastics, A.B. Frederick 10 ON THE BEAM, Barbara Thatcher 12 FIRST 1974 ELITE QUALIFICATION MEET, Barbara

Thatcher 16 SIXTH WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS IN MODERN

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS, Diane Spilthoorn 18 MODERN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS COMMITTEE,

Annelis Hoyman 19 GUEST EDITORIAL: Simplification... Not Further

Complication ••• Please!, Lyle Wesler 20 PSYCHOLOGY AND COACHING, Dr. Joe Massimo

INSTRUCTION: The Full Twisting Dive Roll, Brian Bozick

21 INSTRUCTION: Let's Twist Again Like We Did Last Summer or A Trampolinist Looks At A Full Twisting Back Flip, Stormy Eaton

22 RESEARCH: Flexibility Programs, H.J. Biesterfeldt, Jr . 24 CENTERFOLD: Cross Hatch Gymnastic Art, Dan Cragg 26 NEWS 'N NOTES, Renee Hendershott 27 PASS THE DGWS TESn or INSTANT INSANITY, 28 INSTRUCTION: Let's Take A Spin ••• Part II, Renee

Hendershott 30 CLUB CORNER: Olympiad Gym Club,

Mannettes, Ken Friedman 32 BOOK REVIEW: Olga, Minot Simons II 35 ASSORTED MEET RESULTS 41 GYMNAST INDEX for 1973, A.B. Frederick 46 LISTING OF THE USA'S TOP ALL AROUND

GYMNASTS, Jerry Wright (Weekly Gymnast) 46 CALENDAR

Cover: Debbie fik e. All Around Winner, First 1974 Elite Qualification Meet, Ca l State Fullerton.

Photo by Richard Kenney GYMNAST molg.uine is published by Sundby Public.ttions. 410 BrooldwolY, S.nlil Monin, Col, 90401. Second Cl.1u Post.ige pilid ill Solnt. Monicil, C.l. Published monthly ellcept bi-monthly June, July. AUlust olnd September. Prke $1.00 • single copy. Subscription correspondence, GYMNAST· P.O. Box 110, Sintil Monk., C •. 90406. Copyright 1974t:l ;all rights reserved by SUNDY PUBUCATIONS, 41 0 SroildwilY, Sin •• Montc.t, C •. All Photos .a nd molnukripls submitted become the property of GYMNAST unless return requnt .and suffkienl postoJge .re included.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

FROM THE PUBLISH.: GYMNAST BUILDING: ~or our reaJ e r ~ who hd ve oll ly known us a~ a Po~t Uffice box we thought we woulJ runthe above photo ~ howing off our new GYMNAST ~uilJillg sig n that domlnate~ OUI iJubli~hing headqudrters a ll ~roaJway Just olf 4th)1. (In beautiful Jonwtown Sa llt a MO lli ca). ltln ay not be a ·· ·llm e & Lile ' · builJing, but it is a long WdY froln our kitchen tab le headquarters used to get out th e first MG ed it ions back III 1~5b 'I ... Yes we ~ till get behinJ, as we hdve ~ in ce the beginning, but we Me still going dllJ wi ll keeiJ gOing. Just w hen we get one iJroblem solveJ we iJick uiJ d couple more. We ha ve haJ trouble w ith our iJl-illt er getting the magazine out o n time ... anJ just ,I> R.ich Kenney was getting us all ca ught UiJ , he received a uetter jou offer h e didnt leel he cou lJ turn JOWl! (If thi s eJ itioll is n ot quite as pretty a~ the pa~t ~ix months beJatient as ye ·01· iJuulisher went back to th e Jrawillg uoar to get it oUI).

fOR THE MEN: hom the looks of things the gill> see lll to have tdken over the Illdga z in e Idt e ly, eSiJec i,dl y this edit ion ... but thi~ i ~ the materidl we had 0 11 hdllJ to work w ith ... Howeve r our Jdy is com ill g UiJ w ith the NCAA C hamp l olls hliJ ~ dnd man y other ~iJecial> ... Plus we have lin ed UiJ an imiJre~~ive dlTdY of e nthusiast ic , siJecid l In struction a l eJ it or~ for coming eJ itions of GYMNAST. Here-s a qUick iJreview - with more iJe rsolldl Jdte to come ill later edi tio n>. ~or AA: Bill Ballester - U of Uregon ; FX: Paul Ziert - U of Ukiahollld ; PH: James Hesson - U 01 Neuraskd; R: Ed Isabelle - Penn )tdte; LH: Jim Turpin - Sdll Jose; PB: Bill Roetzheim - U 01 III . (C hi cago Circle); HB: Bill Holmes -Mankato )tate (Minne~otJ). Plus Joe Sweeney 01 San Jose ha s offered to tdke over a~ our Jr . Gymnast editor iJroviJing helplul hlnt~, iJhotm dnJ instruction for the young boys in gymnastics. 1 hey ha ve a li olfereJ their se rvices to he liJ yo u the GYMNAST reader. .. So il you want siJecial he liJ in allY even t or ha ve an instruction a l artic le or iJ ea you feel belongs III GyMNAST .. .. ju~t preiJare to w rit e to olle of our new instructional ed itors so he call c heck out your iJroulem or inprove their instructional sectioll with your ass ista nce.

We are ~or ry to reiJort th e passing of th ree gymllastic friends in thiS edition of GYMNAST. Our deeiJest regrets dnd sympdth l e~ to the families and friends of Jack Bonham, Victor Ziniewicz and Gary Morava.

Publisher: Glenn Sundby Associate Editors: Dick Criley and Renee Hendershott Research Editor: H.J. Biesterfeldt, Jr . Education Editor: A.B. Frederick Circulation Manager: Minot Simons II Staff Writer: I:l arbara Thatcher Contributors: I:lrian Bozick, Dan Cragg, Frank Cum iskey, Stormy Eaton, Ken ~ri edmJn , Anne li s Hoymdn , [Jr. Joe Mdss imo, [Jiane )pilthoorn, Lyle Wes ler Photographers: Kichard Kenney dnd Johnn y Kdce

5

US GF 1974 Who's Who in Gymnastics:

Thi s limited edition of a very attractive hard­cover publication li sting most of America 's gymnasts of days gone by and present day. Also includes some Internationa l Official s, and is a collectors Item.. ri ght now. Hard cover, 94 pages. Brief review of career, ach ievements, current add ress and occupation included. The perfect addit ion to your school library or your personal library. $5.00 (limited number ava ilable).

U.S.G.F. Judging Guide and Course: Cumiskey, Frank J. 1973.

Thi s excellent publication contains the information needed to train and deve lop competent officials for the sport of gymnast ics. For men, this complete course in itself, talks in technical terms when called for and gives thorough explanations when needed . Exerciselarealso included in diagram form, w ith the reader being called upon to study routin es, then make an evaluation for sco rin g purposes, and then critique the score given.

A must for every gymnastics coach and judge, and teacher o f ph ysical education who aspire to have gymnast ics as a part of their program. Perhaps the most complete manual ever made for men 's gymnast ics officiating.

138 pps. Hard cove r or plastic bound available (to lie flat on floor or table) ; $5.00.

"A NEW ITEM" For Gymnasts and Teams:

Trave l is always a problem.. and one of those minor problems that ca n become seriou s is the loss of luggage or the identifi ca tion of luggage. So the USGF came up w ith LUGGAGE TAGS. Red, w hite and Blue, with UNITED STATES GYMNASTICS FEDERATION on one side, our trademark on the other and beneath that trademark, a place for name, address and home town, and it can be written on that area w ith ball point , ink ., markers ... and it w ill not rub off. Complete w ith small leat her strap to be buckled on to your luggage.

Help adverti se gymnastics a"d al so protect your luggage and identify your teams luggage at a glance in the busiest of airports.

Two Tags.. for $3.00. Discounts on one dozen or more.

" A History of the Development of the US Gymnastics Federation."

Written by Richard Laptad This accurate review of the years prior to the

formation of the USGF and the eventual meetings which bro ught it into existence, then the yea rs of struggle that followed, is available in hard cover and should be a part of every school library. M r. Laptad researched the fil es of vi rtuall y every national assoc iation and interviewed leaders of the sport fo r a period of two . years prior to bringing thi s complete historica l review into print.

Order for your personal or school library: 135 pages. Hard- cove r. $5.00 per copy.

USGF Patch Incentive Award

At the USGF Counci l Meeting in December, the following reward and incentive systems were adopted.

Distincti ve €Ioth patches were adopted for girl s and boys to wear o n their gymnastics shirts or jackets. These are ava ilable in the fo llowing colors: A GREEN patch ma y be worn by a gymnast who averages at leas t 5.0 points in an all­around compet ition w ith Com. & Opt. EX. A BL UE patch may be worn by a gymnast who averages at least 6.0 points in an all-around competition w ith Com. & Opt. EX. A RED patch may be worn by a gymnast w ho ave ra ges at least 7.0 pointl in. an all-around competition w ith Com. & Opt. EX. A GOLD patch may be worn by a gymnast who averages at least 8.0 points in an all-around competition w ith Com. & Opt. EX. These patches are very attract ive and may be obtai ned at thi s office for $1.00, wh ich includes the cos t of mailing & handling fee.

U.S.A. GYMNASTICS NEWS

U.S.G.F. News. Bi-monthly official newsle tter of the sport 01 gymnastics in the United States.

Published every other month, by the USA 's national governing body for the sport of gymnastics this newsletter conta ins announcements pertaining to coming events, information about past & current events and announces rul e changes, and other technical information vital to those who are invo lved with sports.

The only source of official gymnastics information, including notices from the Internat ional Federation (FIG). The USGF NEWS, annual subscr ipti on rate $5.00 per year.

UNITED STATES

GYMNASTICS

FEDERATION

CODE OF POINTS FOR MEN: The official FIG Code, includes A-B-C parts with illustrat ions and all rules. A MUST for all judges, coaches and gymnasts ... $6.00

SUPPLEMENT TO THE MEN'S CODE: The 1971 revisions to the above FIG Code. Designed to be pasted into above book . . . $3.00

USGF MEN'S RULES FOR COMPETITION: NEW book for men 's rul e< for competition, compulsory exercises, hosting 01 foreigr. leams, regulations governing USGF teams, etc. .. $3.00

CODE OF POINTS FOR WOMEN: The official FIG Code, includes figures for difficulty ratings, rules and all latest revisions in enclosed supplement. .. 7.00

AGE GROUP GYMNASTIC WORKBOOK: The USGF Age Group Workbook, complete with routines (compulsory) for boys and girl s, ages 6 through 18. St ick Figures and a built-in grading system for class room work .. . $3.00

1971 JUDGING GUIDE FOR WOMEN: Combinat ion of o ld Judging Guides 1 & 2. Includes all changes from FIG Course in Madrid, Spa in ... $3.00

NATIONAL COMPULSORY ROUTINES-GIRLS: The official USGF-DGWS routines fo r girls. Three levels of routines now being used nation-wide for ' schoo l, co llege,universit y and post-graduate competit ion .. . $1.75

RULES AND POLICIES FOR GIRLS: The off icial USGF regulations and polici es for girls competi tion in the United States ... $2.00

MEASUREMENTS & DIMENSIONS: The official FIG booklet conta ining all the diagrams and measurements fo r men 's and women 's eq u ipment. .. $2.00

FIG BULLETIN: Official publi cat ion of the FIG. mailed direc tl y to you from Switzerland . Timely arti cles. Va luable to all in gym nasti cs ... $10.00(per year)

MODERN GYMNASTICS: A. Code of Po ints for Mollern Gymnastics. .$2.50. B. Class III-Beg inners: Gymnastique Moderne - by M ildred Prchal. .. $1.50. C. Class II-Intermediate : Gymnastique Moderne - by M ildred Prchal. .. $1 .50

(;YMNASTIC CHECKS: A ll new. Now ava ilaole , beautiful checks in light b lue w ith a male and female gymnast shown on them. A great new way to promote our sport. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for deli ve ry and mail sample of ex isting check with all info rmation you w ish to have printed on your new gymnast ics checks. $6.00 for 200, $11.00 - 400, $16.00 - 600 etc.

CREST: Embroidered clo th, suitabl e for use on wa rm-up su it s, blazer, or uniforms ... $2.00

USGF PINS: Gold background showing flag and USGF emblem ... $2.00

DECALS: Long lasling USGF emblem ... $0.25

MAKE ALL CHECKS PAYABLE TO THE U.S.G.F.

Order from: The United States Gymnastics Federation P.O. Box 4699(G) Tucson, Arizona 85717 USA Phone: IGU~) 622-3865

Note: All Order>. have to be pre-paid ... Books are mailed Bookrate unless payment is enclosed for First Class Mail. .. Specify: Men 's or Women 's

1~.I.t~. Te~~"ical ~ULLETIN

ROTTERDAM - Nov. 17, 1973 Minutes of the Meeting of the Genera l Assembly

F.I.G. by Frank Cumiskey, delegate.for the United States

The follow ing minutes of the General Assembly are as I have noted them. There may be slight deviations from the o fficial minutes w hen ' they are publi shed .

Pres ident Gander opened the meeting w ith the fo llowing comments:

1. He declared that the Dutch had not prov ided translators and therefo re, the fo llowing steps were taken: French and English translati ons would be prov ided by Mr. Hugenen o f Switzerl and; the English translat ion would be provided by Helmut Rohni sch; and the Ru ssian and the French tra nslati on would be provided by two Ru ssian girl s. And Pres ident Gander also asked that the d elegates present make their discussio ns short since they must lin ish in one day sin ce that was "all the time that was p rovided . He then declared the General A ssemb ly off iCiall y opened.

He apologized to Klaus Tho resson fo r no t offi cia ll y recogni zing his birthday in th e janu ary bulletin , Mr. Thoresson is one of the directo rs o f the f iG Committee and in April, 1973, was 65 yea rs o ld. He also thanked th e Dutch Federat ion for providing the necessa ry facilit ies to have the Intern ati onal Gymn.asti cs Feder" ti on Genera l Meeting. He then decl .. ed that thi s w ill be a di ffi cult meeting because of po liti cal issues. Further, he declared that the Gymnaestrada would probably be in Berlin and that sin ce the tirst " 0 1 M ay, FIG had hired a flat in "M ax Bangert er's house w here they ca n receive delegati ons and th ey even have a room w ith two beds fo r visi to rs that would li ke to stay o verni ght and he expressed much gratitude to the Bangerters and, i f you pass through Switzerl and, you are invited to stop in .

2. Mr. Bangert er now took th e ro ll ca ll. There were 39 Federations present and Mr. Bangert er declared in o rder to receive an absolute majorit y you must rece ive 20 vo tes and fo r a two -thi rds majo rity you must receive 26 vo tes.

3. The minutes o f the FIG meeting in M unich were accepted as published w ith nobody disagree ing wi th the minutes.

4. Reports: The Pres ident 's repo rt was passed out and it was publi shed in the USGF News, Decem ber iss ue.

Next, Pres ident Gander asked the delega ti on to stand for a minute of silence fo r the departed ex­President o f FIG, Mr. Thoeni .

President Gander nex t declared that there were no answers from certain Federations on thei r repo rt s and that they do not observe time schedules and the Federations here must, in the future, comply w ith a time schedule in o rd er for him to make proper reports . The M en 's Technical Committee repo rt was accepted and it was also publi shed in the USGF News in December. The Women 's Technica l Comm ittee was al so w ritt en in the F.I.G. Bull etin and was al so published in the USGF News for December. At the meeting, Mrs. Nagy also entered the report on the European Championships and they were conducted very well. Mrs. Go tte reported on the Modern Rhythmic Gymnasti cs program and stated that they were still trying to get their program into the Olympic program.

5. Mr. Rodanovich next gave his treasurer's report, as published in the -bu lletin. After Mr. Radanovich gave his report, the French delegate

GYMNAST Mar. '74

stated that on page 24 of th e~bull e ti n, number 3, that there were some disturbing things in the report but moved to accept the report anyway and the repo rt was accepted unanimously. The 1974 budget , w hi ch appea red in FIG Bulletin No . 3, was also adopted and it was reported that the 3')(, co llection fo r intern ati onal matches is very poor and that onl y a few countries contr ibute the 3')(,. W hat about the o ther countries, the Swiss wa nted to know? (EDI TORS NOTE: It is interes tin g to note that th e United States annuall y leads the amount of money coll ected and contributed to FIG under thi s 3')(, prov ision)

6, Admissions. Resignations and Exclusions: Two federati ons have asked to jo in FIG:

A. Dominica n Republic - The Dominica n Republic was accepted wi th 33 votes and they wi ll ho ld the 1975 Central America n Games.

B. The second country is Sa lvador. (San Salvador) Se nt their check to join , but FI G has rece ived no statutes, in other word s, no constitution, and therefore they canno t be vo ted in as yet. Under exclusions, Chile and I ndonesia were excl uded for no t pay ing their dues. Titov of Ru ss ia then took the microphone and he said " That the o nly exclusion we have had so fa r is lo r no mo ney" and also, Czechoslova kia sa id the " Intern ati onal Olympic Committee has excluded South A fri ca and we should do the same". Titov then sa id " Thi s question regarding South Af ri ca has been o n the agenda for many years. Sport is the high est fo rm o f humanity. Spo rt should give equal possib iliti es fo r everyone. If thi s principal is put as ide, spo rt suffers. Racial discriminati on in spo rt is a cruel injusti ce and it is co ntrary to the principals o f sport put in the Olympic chart er. The FIG is the first Federation in the world and has many progressive ideas. We propose th in each Federation suppo rt th e boycott until the government goes away from thi s aparth eid."

Next, the delegate from East Germany, Mr. Bohrman, spoke. " Our proposa l was to suspend South Af ri ca unt il they eliminate racial discri minat io n. A rticl e 2 o f FIG , 1970 Stalut es says we must observe absolute neutrality. We do nol work on the sense of our statut es. In 1971 a Unil ed Nati ons reso lution fights aga inst ra cial discrimination in spo rts and it was adopted by the great majo rit y. In May, 1972 the IOC excluded South Af ri ca. The statu tes of FIG mu st be observed accordin g to the spirit o f the law and the athleles ca n wo rk hard er for eliminati on of apartheid . The delegate from Czechoslova kia stated " He has already said that the IOC ha s excluded Soulh Afri ca and that they should be excluded by us". Mr. Gander sa id " The Committee Direc to rs are neutral and the aparth eid as in the IOC has no t resulted in excluding them but only suspending them during the Olympic Games in M ex ico. " The d elegate from Romania nex t rose to support the proposal to eliminate ~outh Afri ca unti l apartheid disappea rs. Mr. Arebo rn , the delegate from Soulh Afri ca spoke and declared that Ihey have a cl ea r consc ience and that they have not broken any rul es.

Mr. Bohrman o f Eas t Germany rose and said first take the Sov iet proposa l and th en take the East German proposa l. The Soviet proposa l was then voted on " To exclud e South Africa from the FI G. " The vote was 25 againsl the Soviet proposa l and '14 for it. The vote wasn 't ca rri ed and next th e Eas l German proposa l taken " To suspend South Africa f rom the FIG," an d there were 22 votes against dnd 15 for so bo th proposals 10 excl ude o r suspend South AI ri ca were defea ted.

The qu es lion nex t drose abo ut the People's Republi c of China. The French Federati on asked "We didn 't hear about their application for joining f iG" . The delegate from Romania , Nico lai Vieru , took the fl oor. He sa id, " there were two lett ers, one o f last September and one the first o f November that occurrred between the People's Republi c o f China and Mr. Gander. He declared that the Chinese Federation declared itse lf ready to jo in FIG provided Taiwan is excluded . The members that met w ith the Di reqors Committee, have stated they have good technical preparation and they wa nt to improve. The letters to FIG must be con sidered as a valid document o f China working according to the statutes . I don ' t want to waste time but we agree with the japanese Federation lett er o f September 2nd and we propose that the General Assembly accept the People's Republic of China for membership with their National headquarters in Peking. It would be good for the

w hole world fo r us to accept th em." Nex t, Arthur Gander spoke, " We have rece ived these letters, Letters that said they sho uld be accepted . However, according to Articl e 5 o f FIG, each national federation for gymnasts w ho w ishes 10 join must submit a w ritt en appl ica tion. No nati on ca n write fo r ano ther natio n to join. If we had regulardemands f ro m China weshould take it up." Mr. Ga nder then read one sentence from the letter he rece ived from the People's Republi c of China. The letter sa id " The Chiang Kai Shek clique that occupies the chair in FIG is nol to be to lerated and we wi sh thi s change, as it is in the United Nations", There is not one seni~nce in Ihe lett er about jo ining FIG, The reason o f M r. Vieru is no proper reason. We have two Ko rean Federa tion s; we have two German Federations. We do not w ish to mix in po liti cs. If China demands the exclusion of another Federation it is not our bu siness. Even in the IOC the japa nese tried the same. If they PUI their appli cation without concl usions we ca n take it. They have applied to the Intern ational Rowing Federation but they are no t affiliated. " The Ca nadian delegate stood and said that was a legal request from China and sa id we should vo te. Mr.l3angert er, the secretary of FI G, sa id that " He has sent all o ffi cial documents to China bUI he has never recei ved any in return . I also left them in the Chinese Embassy at Bern e, Sw itzerl and and asked them to give them 10 the Chin ese Federation and I have recei ved no answer" . I recei ved a check from the japanese fo r China. The statut es say THAT a contact was made w ith the People's Republi c o f China il a letter is senl to the Boa rd and we have given them much flex ibilit y and the People's Republic of China has appeared in the Un ited States, Scandinavia, Canada and Romania and the East Germans have been in China. We have supported China and have tried to ge t them back , Then the Chinese left Zurich in a nasty way. If they send an appli ca tion durin g the year they ca n be a member but we have statutes,

7. Proposals. East Germany asked that a vote be taken on th eir proposal 2a ,

a) The content of art. 2 should be modified as follows: The FIG practices a poli cy o f acti ve neutrality and does no t to lerate any politi cal , relig ious or racial discr iminati on. In their relations among themselves, the federations should al so confo rm to thi s principle, The non~obse rva n ce of thi s prescripti o n shall entail exclusion from the FIG,

Mr. Gander stated thai there were many changes needed in the statut es, bUI we do not have the time here to make all these changes. East Germany stated that we can sho rt en thi s session by only voting on the proposa ls as they appear in bulletin 3. The Board can also make their proposa ls to get to today's need s, All other changes not here can always appea r under other proposa ls later. just let us vote on the proposals we have so we can get on with the meeting, W est Germ9n y ~ " It is ve ry cl ear in the statutes . Leave the statut es as known." Switzerland ~ " The board said they would be rev ised . Why do the work today? The whole wo rk should be done at one time, " Russia - " I do understand that the statutes do not go with present requirements. We should make minor changes now and get another commission to rewrite. We shou ld vote on the DDR 's proposa ls. " Gander ~ "If you want changes you have to tell us what you want changed. The board has decided to leave as is and nol accept the DDR 's proposa l. " Gander - " Ask each Federation to send their proposa ls" . West German y - " Elect a commission and countries send in proposals. " There then followed discussion by many countries whether to vote on the DDR proposal or not. The vote was on the proposal of the board not to change number 2 -F.I.G. Report cont. on pg. 38

7

...................... IN MEMORIUM .......................................... ~==========!!~

John C. 'Jack' Bonham

January 7, 1908 - January 31, 1974

Jack Bonham was a v ict im of an ai rplane c ras h in Samoa w hich c laimed 93 li ves. At the t ime, he was retu rnin g from New Zea land w here he had been attend in g th e Commonwea lth Games and Austra li a where he had been recruitin g athletes for th e University of Hawa ii .

A nat ive of New Zealand, Jack was gene ral secretary of th e Auck land YMCA for 20 yea rs and helped to found th e New Zea land Gymnast ic Assoc iation . He was active in gym na stics, diving, rugby, semi-pro soccer, and taught gymnasti cs and trampo lining fo r man y yea rs before moving to the United States. He soo n developed dssociations w ith the U.S. trampoline communi ty, including George N issen, Larry G ri swo ld, Dick H o lzaepfe l, and others, but co n f ined his effo rts to trampolining in H awa ii . Among hi s successes was the recruiting and coaching of Australian trampolinist, Bill y Popi wenko, who won the nat ional AAU trampoline title in 1971. Jack was a st rong supporte r of the Hawaii Gymnastics Assoc iation and partic ipated in its organization.

At the time of his death , Jack Bonh am was in hi s six th year as ass ista nt athl etic director, hav ing served prev iously as business manager. He j o ined the At hl eti c Department in 1962 and his wa rmt h, humor, and devotion kept the department go ing th rough some rough years. H e was like a father to man y athl etes in all spo rts and attended as man y con tests as he co uld . In 1968 he began developing, a n ew, the compet iti ve gymnast ics program at the Un ive rsity, ac hi evi ng first cl ub, th e n Va rsi ty StdtuS for th e sport, and serving as coach until 1973. Under his direction , new equipment was p urchased and workout fac iliti es upgraded, and some gra nts-i n-aid made avai lab le. A ll sports, however, b ene fited from hi s intimate knowledge of the uni ve rsity system and how to get thin gs done.

Gymna st ics in Hawa ii has lost a dear friend , one w hose effo rt s we re not so v isibl e as behind-the-scenes w here h e was so effective. The GYMNAST j oins w ith th e Hawa ii Gymnastics Associat ion in ex tend in g sympat hy to hi s w ife, Jea n , and sons, Jo hn Jr. , James, Peter, and Phillip. The H .G.A. plans a memorial award to b e presented at the Hawa ii State C hampio nships.

Victor Zi niewicz

This season th e Southern Connecticut State Co ll ege tea m w ill be w ithout one of its rTlos t talen ted gymnas ts ... Vic to r Z iniewicz.

V icto r died last November 17th after being in a coma and aft er having rece ived head injuri es, apparently from a fall o utside hi s home in New Have n, Connecticut.

U nanimo usly e lected ca ptain fO'r thi s yea r 's team, Victor was an A ll-Ame ri ca n on th e college level pl acing fourth in floor exerc ise in the 1973 NCAA College Division Championships. Schola stically he had above a 3.0 ave rage and was a di stin gu ished Dean 's list stud en t.

Ou r since re sympathies to Victor's father, sister and two brothers, hi s coach Abie Grossfeld, and th e SCSC team.

"TELL MY FRIENDS I WAS HAPPY" If accomplishment in spurt alune is the measure of a

man then Gary's six year ascen t lu Ihe lap of American gymn",lics gives him a perman enl place - recurrenl ly our tup performel al)(.1 lur years uur mosl speclacular on e. !lUI Ihe Irue measure uf a man is nol merely his succe;s, bUI his IUld lli fe - his hand lin g of adversity and his relalions wilh u lher peuple.

Typical of him was my firsl ex peri ence coaching him. A bil wild, wearing a Muh ican haircut , Ga ry was ch ief agilalor of musl uf Ihe harmless pranks Ihal plagued Ihe Camp Sears Siaff each nigh!. Bul in Ira ini ng he was incumparable. Wilhi n his Iwo weeks of camp he learned his fl ya wa y, and added bOlh full and double IwislS, using the doub le twisl that remained his dismuunl frum bar in Ihe camp show al Ihe end of ca mp. II was Ihere Ihal he firsllearned his fronl two and 'I, dive roll (from Ihe min i Iramp), Ihal he used in ex hibrlion; and warmups hundreds of limes until his laleful disorienlation lasl Tuesday. His progress wa s phenominal in Ihose two weeks; his ag ilalion of pranks broughl me to a close cha l aboul slud ies, gymnaslics, and olher persona l mailers. When Ilell camp, he alone came 10 pri valely Ihank me for tak ing time Wi th him. Years laler I learned how deeply our week had affected him, for he laid his fami ly al Ihat time Ihal he had decided to go 10 ~IU

where I was 10 leach Ihe nexl year, and he was going 10

improve his sludles 10 make sure he would succeed academicall y. He did so, wh il e going on 10 wi n th e Illinois Hi gh ~choo l All-Around, bare ly Iwo years after slarti ng 10 work all evenl s.

A few days after gradual ion he slarled his ca reer at SIU, now a Iwo-yea r-uld dream. His progress in his firsl six monlhs wilh us was unbeli evable, and was accompan ied by a 4.00 grade average, his firsl of many quart ers of oUlslanding schuul work .

Th en, on December 10, 1971', he suffered an avulsion fractu re of ihe ri gh l curaco ld process. A half­inch chunk of bone, allached lu Ihe biceps lendon, moved and cui surrounding l issue whenever Ihe biceps was slrongly used. Su bOlh flex ibility and strenglh work were excrucial ingly painful. Indeed he almost worked un one arm Ihereafter. Nalu ra l fear of the adve"e effects uf surgery, combined wilh Ihe ex huberance of his success kept him from correcl ing Ih is. Wilh all , in 1972 he was firsl in vau lti ng, second in all-around, in th e NCAA Championships as he led his team 10 the national cha mpionship.

Evenlually Ihe assymelry of his work caught up w ilh him, and a conseq uen l lumbar disc problem virtually incapacilaled him Jl lhe fi nal O lympiclryou lsof1972. He had been lOp conlend er in Ihe pre-I ryoul s.

He compel ed for a Ihi rd year slill suffering wilh Ihe shoulder prob lem, Ihe back Iruuble largely resu lved, and placed Ihird in NCAA all -aruund. Bul he resolved Ihal he cou ld nol reach Ihe lOp inlernalional ly wilhoul chan ci ng the COll ective surgery. Afte r he rel urned Irom Ihe )I udenl World Games, in Moscow, he was Ameri cas lap perlolmer, he had surgery, in Seplember 1973.

To beller recuperale, and lu train lowa rd the excellence he asp ired 10, he chuse 10 not co mpele fo r SI U in Ihe 1973-74 seasun, bUI 10 enter a sma ll number of meels 10 main lain his mu lival ion while fo llowing a long range plan for excellence. Aga in , five month s

Poem

Gary David Morava

May 27, 1952 -

February 28, 1974

after surgery, Gary was Ihe l ap Ameri ca n in our USA­POLAND compel ilion in January 1974. His recuperal ion subslancially over, in Ihese last few weeks he was allhe peak of his perfo rmance on eve ry eve n!. Yel 10 me hi s rea l growth was ju sl beginning. for the firsllime in years, he wa s training withoul pa in, on all aspeu s of all even IS. He was Ihe Morava of old, making significanl progre ss dail y.

His accidenl came allhe height of a greal career, al a lime when he looked furward to more than he even dreamed of doing a few munlhs earlier. Seconds laler, well aware of his cond il ion, his only fear was nol of death bUI of li ving on, unable 10 move. Despite Ihe hopes and pra yers uf all uf us, Ihere was never any hope of recovery, and his lasl day was spenl knowing Ihis.

Gary had devoled his life 10 doing things in the right way. He had come to idolize another of our you ng gymnasts, John Arnold, who died in the au to acciden t when Gary 's should er was inju red. I have reproduced his poem writt en in memory of John a yea r after, as we ll as a letter to me, writt en after his d ishea rtening fa ilure at the fina l Olympic tryouts in 1972. They tell far more eloquently than I cou ld, why we loved him so we ll.

I remember Gary in four ways: sensitive ly considerat e, tremendously perseverant, somewhat inattentive to ru le and pro tocol, and to tally devoted to the morali ty that many co nsider passe. My love for him, our love for him, only weak ly reflects his fee lings for us who have known and work ed wi th him. How poorl y we measure up to the' man Who, knowi ng he has but a few hours 10 live, thanks God for the time to reflect on a wonderful li fe and express his appreciat ion to those who helped make it so! A man who asks that if poss ible his budy be used to help others when he is gone! A man who with his paren ts asks that any memorial take the form of con tributions given to the fu rth erance of the gymnas tics program to which he devoted the last four years of his life!

A man who, remind ing us in his last hours tha t he had devoted his career to th e memory of John, prays that his li fe and the manner of his death may provea n inspiration to others to ca rryon.

I n accordance with his wishes, the Southern Illi nois foundation has es tabli shed a memorial scholarship fu nd, to be awa rded in recogni tion of those traits of moral leadership, devotion, and personal commitment that made Ga ry Morava what he was -Ameri ca's Fin es l Gymnast, and Gymnasti cs Fi nes t You ng Leader.

We pray with him, that others read ing or hear ing of his ca reer will ga in insp iratiun to st r ive hard er, and li ve a bit more full y. " Tell my friends I was happy" .

H.J. Biesterfeldt, Jr. for the Southern Illinois University Gymnastics Team.

Dear John, a year has passed by today yes, I have survived

a loss so hard 10 mend it is you we will defend a friend

and lei me tell you all ive learned, of life and all ive grown 10 value for i was free I have walked upon earthly soil

and held the hand of life and oh so often Ive lived wilh you and ive learned of death

all it leaves behind for it is we who must ascend for il was on you we did depend

Dear Jack,

i speak of death and all ils torlure of what is gone, and what remains. but whal of gains? hear me, In hopes Ihat I might find you for i know your watching over me

Letter

and Ihere was so much more id failed to see. i praise Ihe morn I praise Ihe newly born I honor age and liIes existence i honor death and mans resistence i honor you John.

Gary

There are words far better expressed free of interruption and rebuttie. These are words of conscious, soul and heart. Words with far more behind them than a tone of voice. I rememberfavors, times of your patience, .Iimes· of your advice, your orders, your friendship, your guidance. I remember many more. I remember limes I feel I've offended you. And I feellhose pains. I never meanllo do that . You are right, I am arrogant and self-centered, and I detest the thought. I never meant to be that way either. Butl am young, that's my fault as well as my perogative and I make mistakes, mistakes I often regret. I must remain young, thats my choice, you bave taught me so as well. So bear with me in times of stress, take my apologies with my ways for they are more meaningful than my immature actions. And let these two words bear deepest and most sincere meaning. Far more lies behind their meaning than their length in ink. Thank You.

Gary

GYMNASTICS IN

PHYSICAL EDUCA TION

by A. B. Frederick Univ. of Wisconsin

Superio r, W isconsin

Introductory note: In the following series of articles, the writer hopes to open up a neglected aspect of gymnastic thinking. We hear much about "gymnastic families" of movement especially as they now relate to families of vaults. Classification of gymnastic movement families requires a total grasp of the essence of our field. It can lead ultimately to a sensible organization or nomenclature for the field thus saving effort, particularly in the composition of routines, but chiefly for the purpose of the development of better teaching methods. In the development of a number of ideas related to what shall be termed "gymnastic geneology," the writer is particularly grateful for the wise lead of certain European writers such as Wiemann and Carrasco. This new way of thinking about the field has only occasionally found its way into print in English and only one author, West, (The Gymnast's Manual) has organized a text in terms of movement qual ity. It is the hope of the writer that this beginning will provide a platform for discussion rather than some new didactic. The seed can grow and bear fruit if, and only if, members of the gymnastic community will contribute to it and foster i ts growth. It is in this sense that this material is presented.

ABF

SWING - THE ESSENCE OF GYMNASTICS

I - Background

" Maya ll your children be acrobats. " Carl Sandburg

There are amp le reasons for one to begin w ith a quotation from a respected poet upon entering a new d imension of any fie ld . His express ions are qua li tat ive; they donate an essence wh ich ca n be felt but which is difficult to ex press in meas urement terms. Our fie ld is essentiall y qual i tativ e. Some refer to it as an art. It has its quantitative side to be su re but i f one co ncentrates diffe rential ly upon that aspect, the w ho le idea of gymnastics ca n easi ly be mi ssed. The biomechani st w ith all hi s sk ill and techno logy ca n only reaffirm essent ial qualiti es of gymnasti cs th e most obv ious of which is swing .

Swing has evoJved as the most fitt ing term and description for that domain of sport we cal l gymnastics. In no other modern competitive act ivity has so much attention been directed towards aestheti cs, beauty and harmony of moveme nt in an in fi nite,va riety,of chall enging settings. The clu es we get from other tongu es help us to understand the modern direction of gymnasti cs. Th e f rench wo rd for swing is " balancer." Linguists might show that this term is derived from the sw ing of a pendulum. Fro m the french we also get· the ve ry ri ch term , " elan. " The m ean ing is related to swing and to li fe .. . to bea uty. " Elan " is o ften employed in descriptions of gymnast ic movements. It can be found as well gracing the side of a balance beam or a snowmobile. It is pleasing to pronounce and it denotes a part icular essence. Therefore to launch o neself into gymnasti cs (s'e lancer a gymnast ique artistique) is to swing. In modern competit ive programs the gymnast not only employs " swing" as a practical referent but speaks as well of the art of swinging. Artist ic gymnast ics is not the domina nt term in Eng li sh descr iptions of the spo rt aspec: t of gymnast ics but in other languages th e arti stic reference is employed . Th us we find in German th e term " turnkun st" wh ich has been in use ever since it was coined by Jahn although th e modern version is a bit more narrow in mea ning than Jahn would have li ked si nce it is emp loyed today almost exclusively in a competit ive sense . Jahn 's term was ri cher as w ill be seen.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

The contemporary coach thinks of swing in its mechanical se nse if indeed he thinks about it at all. He recognizes terms like t rans lation, ro tation and the ir coml::lination in the biomechanical analys is of movements. From such ana lyses co mes the genera li za ti on that man, as all animals, is parti cul ar ly adapted to swi ng by virtue of the unique constru ct io n of his body. His leve rage system, composed of bones, muscles and joints is indeed a swing sys tem and not ve ry adaptabl e to raw force. If this is tru e, th en it is ve ry likely th at man has lea rn ed to thin k as a swinger. '

I n the integrated se nse of mind , inclusive of body, man is by nature and adaptabi lity suited to swing. The swing co ncept is not new. Its origi n may be traced to th e Greek idea of ba lance.... that man shou ld develop as a harmonious whole with no part icular attenti o n given to anyone, single attribute o r facet of hi s persona lity. Undoubted ly, this sa me p rin cip le has gu ided contemporary leade rs in the gym nasti c field to stick tenacious ly to the all ­arou nd program for men and women , discouraging spec iali za tion of all kind s. In international gymnastics, there is no rewa rd fo r speciali zation. To speciali ze goes aga inst th e philosophy of swing although other bases may be found upon which one might argue for specialization.

A further dist inction is to be made. The decathlon man of track and fie ld is o ften hai led as th e ath lete's athlete. Th e Olympian who emerges victor ious in th e deca thl o n evenr is ca lled the wo rld 's best athl ete. We are inclined to agree. The gym nasts, on the other hand, who dominate wo rld competit ions every two years might best be described in qualitati ve terms. They are truly champio ns of movement since it is what they do and the quali ty of th eir performances which se t th em apart from oth er athl etes. Th e .decath lon man is measured in quantitative terms ; the all-a rou nder is judged by th e quality o f his performance.

The instruments employed today to measu re distance and t ime are so sophisti ca ted that human error is al l but eliminated. Th e gymnast ca nnot presently be measured in such a manner. In the fina l analysis he is measured against standard s of excel lence fo r performance. The method employed is human, not instrumental. Th ere is very little o ne can do to eliminate bias in such a system for to do so would imply that the judge lost hi s human

character ist ic. Tlii s hi ghl y sophisti ca ted act defies the computer. Judging gymnastics is perhaps the mOSI difficu lt task in sport because it is most human. Th e judge is influenced by hi s own senses, pol iti cs, the crowd or nothing more than an expression of feigned disbelief on the face of a coach.

More close ly related to th e poetic introd uct ion of sw ing so ap tl y stated by Sa ndburg is an exa mple from li fe th at may expl ain the swingful natu re of man. Observe children at play. They are constantl y chall enging one another. Their actions and anti cs on the playgro und show infinite variety . They are known by the tri cks they perform . As they grow o lder, and if not inHuenced by trad iti ons of overprotect io n, the tri cks grow more daring. If you are " kin g of th e beach " beca use of your tr ip le f ly-away, someone will t ry fodour. Thi s is human.lt is this very trait that led Jahn to the d iscovery that in order to capture yo ung minds all one needed to do was to provide youth w ith a ri ch environment that would eli ci t crea ti ve responses from th eir bod ies. It was a process known to Montessori and more recentl y to followe rs of Laban who have revital ized phys ical educa tion in England. Jahn 's gymnastics ("Turn en ") was not simply a training progra m for the body, as was the program of Lin g and his fo llowers in Scanda navia., but it represented an introductio n to cultural educat ion and life itse lf. It was humanistic in nature,a means to an end. Later programs, and some we might cite today, that' have the announced goa l of " phys ica l fitness" are as doomed to failure as th e Ling program not because the goal is improper, it simply isn 't human enough. It doesn 't swing. Such programs become burdened w ith record keeping and reg imentati o n which had no pla ce in Jahn's p rogram.

The pommel horse could not have evolved in anyth i ng oth er than a creat ive atmosphere. Jahn 's "Schwinge l " a most appropriate name even today, -was crea ted, not as a result of his interest in t raining youth to mount and dismount properly in th e tradition of the knight , but because he was interested in the ways hi s boys found sati sfaction in challentling one another and performing o n the surrogate ho rse. The pommel horse event today bea rs littl e re lati onship to equestri anism but has evolved a p recision of its own that is perhaps

Swing cont. on pg. 32 9

Standing in lin e fo r a gymnas ti c me et ? Walking up to Pa ul ey Pa villi o n fo r th e UCLA Invitational it was quite a shoc k to see a lon g lin e at the ti cket o ffice . Then aga in th e re was a lin e th e nex t weeke nd fo r a qu ad meet a t Cal State Northridge to see tea ms fro m Louisiana State University, Northridge, USC a nd UCLA. Is thi s a tre nd thro ug ho u t th e count ry? Th at would be ni ce.

1 he UCLA Invitational was wo n by a surpri sin gly stro ng look in g Unive rsity of New Mexico tea m. Th e Lobos more tha n he ld th e ir o wn again st tea ms from Berkeley, Oregon a nd Southern California . Sid e ho rse a t tim es co nsid e re d o ne o f th e ir weak e r events lo ok ed good . However it was just no t UCB's (Berkeley' s) n ig ht. Two o f th e ir a ll a ro und me n Tom Weeden and Clark Johnson didn ' t ia re we ll , w hil e th e Lobos to p ma n Dave Repp did and turn ed in so me fin e pe rfo rma nces . One

10

o th er o utstanding pe rforme r was Bob Rikli o f th e University of Oregon, who di d a n exce lle n t job o n fl oo r exerc ise . .

An oth e r c lub that I just hea rd o f is the Coca Cola Rebel gymnastic tea m in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Hea d coach is Art Allen, who is a lso th e Oral Roberts University gymnastic coach. Th e tea m recently hos ted the Polish gymn as ti c te am whi ch to ured four citi es in th e United States. Liz Kiper, o ne of th e Re be l gymnasts sent us a fl ye r o n th e tea m with pictures of th e tea m me mbe rs and brie f comme nts about th e m. Th e South Park Community Church is th e ho rne o f the Re bels a nd Bob Patterson, pres ide nt o f the Coca Cola Bottling Company is the spon so r of th e group. f-rom th e fl ye r the g ro up seems to be a e ne rget ic, ha ppy o ne with " It 's th e rea l thing . Gy mna sti cs" as the ir sloga n.

Notab le Gymnas ts De pa rtme nt : First is Mike Wilson o f the Flipper Gymnastics Club of Ga rl and, Texas. A junio r at North Garland High School, he ha s a lrea d y won th e state a ll a round titl e in bot h hi s fres hma n and sopho mo re years. He so impressed Paul Ziert, co ach a t the Unive rsity of Oklahoma tha t he submitte d a pi cture an d some in fo rmatio n o n Mike.

Ano th e r ta le nte d gy mnast is Larry Gerard fro m Lincoln, Nebraska. Unbea te n hi s senior yea r, at Lincoln Southeast High School, in the sta te meet he won every event except side ho rse in whic h he placed 11th. He wascoached by Jon Blocker a nd m ost rece ntl y he was pa rt of the a ll star tea m w hich compe ted aga inst th e

Swiss tea m at the annua l Tucson Clinic. Larry will poss ibl y be attend ing th e University of Nebraska .

Be rkeley didn ' t win a t UCLA but pe rhaps th ey were th inking of o th e r thin gs th at ni gh t. ... li ke th e ir sche dule d d ual meet the nex t day with Southern Illinois University (SIU). Th e Bears ma na ged to bea t SIU by a me re 1.5 .... th e fin a l score 161.00 to 159.50.

LSU was the vic tor at Northridge , but the re we re man y mi ssed ro utin es by a ll tea ms. Mike Carter o f LSU di d no t go a ll a ro und but d id a good jo b o n floo r exerc ise with sprin gy, hi gh , tumbling .

In a rece nt Weekly Gymnast Newsletter, publi she d b.y Jerry Wright th e to p fi ve tea ms (acco rdi ng to th e ir m ost recent sco res) we re Iowa State University, 166.30, Louisiana State University, 164.95; Penn State 164.90; Indiana State University, 164.75; a nd th e University of Michigan 161 .70. Wi ll Na tiona ls be close?

Th e First USGF Elite Qualification Meet for thi s yea r was excitin g to see but ca n proba bly best be summed up by coaches who we re th e re ... . From th e California Newsletter the fo llowing quotes are borrowed .... Muriel Grossfeld: " It 's ea rl y in the seaso n. Man y gy mnas ts did not rea ll y tra in for fa li , just fo r this meet. So me we re exce ll e nt , some wea k in bas ics, in rea l da nce. Gymn as ti cs peopl e mu st get it toge the r a nd wo rk toge the r. I do n ' t wa nt

Mike Wilson

GYMNAST Mar. '74

to see the World Games tea m (USA) any wo rse than fourth . Th e gymnasts are fina ll y acco mpli shin g th e ir turn s in co mpul so ry va ultin g; in optionals, no one's rea d y; beam we're in troubl e. ... too man y stops in compulsory; floor is improving, more ex press ion with th e mu sic but not hitting al 110 e lements. Obviously, we have the making of a young team , 50 the res t of th e structure mu st work. Trainin g camp mu st be before the las t month be fore competition. We must a im for 9.?'s inst ead of 9.2 '5. The maximum sco res shou ld not be 9.3 '5. Th e material is there and we ' ll be shooting for 2 9.4 tea m ave rage, whi ch w ill mean some 9.6-9 .7 routines. It takes more than stoc k routines .. .. new moves and new people who a re willing to take ri sks." From Bill and Ginny Coco: " In 1970, before th e World Games, we didn 't ha ve as many gymnasts ready this early in the seaso n as we do now. We're in a lot better shape wit h higher quality gymnasts; the gymnasts have improved. Most a re working on new skills and new routines, they don ' t want to be ready now. Their pea k should be reached in Septembe r, an d yo u will see different routines by th e time of the fina l trial s." ... .

* * * From The California Newsletter al so go t th e

names of seve ral new clubs .... The Santa Cruz Gymnastics Club, 1303 Water Street, Santa Cruz. Hea d coach is Marcie Dilfer .... The Golden West YMCA, 2333 Eucalyptus Dr., San Francisco 94116, coached by Sandi Bird .... The Engvall School c/o Karen Schenck, Sequoia "Y", 262 Myrtle, Redwood City, Ca ..... -San Gabriel Valley Gymnastics, 146 W. Live Oak Ave., Arcadia, Ca., coac h is Kevin low .. .. Valley Amateur Gymnastics Association, 2800 Chester Avenue, Bakersfield, Ca. Dan Vance is th e coach .....

* One new news letter that shou ld be

mentioned is the United States Trampoline Association News. Publi shed by th e United States Trampoline and Tumbling Association they recently came out with Vo lum e 1 Number 1 for january-February 1974. Those inte res ted in subscribing should write to the Association , 52 Reese Ave. Dundee, Iflinois 60118.

I n the Club Corner this month we feature the Mannettes of Philadelphia and the Olympiad Gym Club of Delaware. Besides their coach ing the Mannettes, the Cocos are a lso the founders (a lon g with Fred Turoff and Rick Tucker) of the Coco's Gymskool which offers instruct ion at two locat ion s in Pennsylvania. The fir st is at the Melrose Academy at 7601 Old York Road, Melrose Park, Pa. and the second at the Chestnut Hill Academy, 500 W. Willow Grove ,o\ve., Philadelphia, Pa. Th e re is also more than One Olympiad School of Gymnastics. In addit ion to the one in Delaware there are three other schoo ls whi ch comb in ed form the Olympiad Schools, Inc. First is th e Moorestown Olympiad, Moorestown Community House, 16 East Main Street, Moorestown, New Jersey. Then there is the Orlando Olympiad, 1011 Citadel Drive, Altamonte Springs, Florida. And finally the Richmond Olympiad, 8128 Brown Road, Richmond, Virginia.

Corrections: Discovered there is a correction to the National Division results at the Mid West Open. Both Coleen Casey and Denise Rivet a re members of the St. Paul Turners. Recently the St. Paul Turner's "A" team had a very successful day at the SI. Paul Winter Carnival Gymnastics Meet, taking in addition to the team trophy 78 individual awards. There were e leven clubs entered in the compet ition wh ich was hosted

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Denise Rive t, March's girl "On The Beam" dnd a top competitor for the St. Paul Turner's.

by Crowley's Girls Gymnastic Club, and was sa nctioned by th e USGF givin g the g irl s an opportunity to qualify for the USGF Regionals to be he ld in Ames, Iowa on March 30th. The next big gymnastics eve nt in Minnesota will be the Annual Minnesota Open on March 16th.

It look s like more and more c lubs and colleges are tryin g to better publici ze and ad ve rti se th eir wome n '5 gymnast ic programs. Chic and Gloria Johnson, coaches for th e Southwest Missouri State University put togeth e r a nice 24 page broch ure th at was mad e up for th e ir va rsity and age-group teams for thi s seaso n. On th e front cove r it has Ozark Gymnastics Empire and o n the in side pictures of th e' team at SMSU as we ll as individu a l pe rformers and th e yo un ge r g irls that Chic dnd Gloria coach. One of the Johnson 's top gymnasts is Cheryl Diamond w ho may be see n at the upco min g USGF Elite Qualification Meet in Delaware.

Have n' t print ed a poem in a long time and 50 thought I'd inc lud e thi s one submitted by Donna Galati of Highland Heights, Ohio ...

Can Do Can do Yes you ca n do Anything you se t o ut to do Climb a mountain hi gh and far Just say I can and be a star. Ju st set yo ur mind that yo u can do And all you r dreams w ill soo n come tru e . I! at first things don 't work out Don 't sit around and start to pout , Jump up and say " I know I ca n " Re memb e r how thi s poe m began CAN DO! CAN DO! CAN DO !

Won 't be long until Na tional s and after that Summer Camps ... So be sure and get your camp information in soon. Thanks for all your contributions th ey' re g rea tl y appreciated .....

The 51. Paul Turners' "A" team.

11

Nancy Thies

ELITE Q UALIFICA TION MEET, CAL STATE FULLERTON Kathy Howard January 18 and 19, 1974

By Barbara Thatcher To a spectato r o ne point was obvious abo ut

the El i te Quali ficat ion Meet held January 18 and 19 at Ca lifo rnia State Co ll ege, Full erton .. .. . it was a hard meet to judge.

Perhaps it was n 't diffi cult to separate th e top 20 girl s from the ove r 40 who entered but th e sk ill lev!21 and executi o n level was so cl osely matched among th e top 12 or 15 girl s that th e select io n o f the fin al six was far f rom easy.

But th e six were se lected and w ith 73.45, Debbie Fi ke of the SCATS was th e w inner. Sh e was fo ll owed in t he all -a ro und by Roxa nne Pi erce (Southern Connecti cut Gym Club) 73.15, Diane Dunbar (Diablo Gym Club) 72.50, Kyle Gaynor (SCATS) 72.20, Ka thy Howa rd (Hi-Lo Tw isters) 71.55, Na ncy Thi es (Oregon Academy of Gymnas ti cs) and Jeanett e And erson (Gymnasti cs I nc., Sea ttl e) 71.45.

M ore important than being among th e top six however was att aining the necessary qualifi ca ti on score fo r the Elite Natio nals. And to th e ve ry end the competiti o n to get this sco re was intense. There were girls, by th e final event, w ho needed an impossible sco re of 11.00 or 12.00 in o rd er to quali fy but no one gave up and no one we nt home ea rl y. At th e end o f the meet, w hi ch se rved basica ll y as the first round of se lection fo r the Worl d Games team, th e re were many determin ed faces and a feeling that many of th ese girls would be back East, trying even harder to qualify in the second qualifi ca tion mee t.

Debbie's all-around vi ctory came as no surpri se to many in Southern California who have watched h er progress during the last several years. Behind Roxanne Pierce following compulsori es, she ca me back strong in optiona ls w ith a 9.30 o n floo r exercise, 9.35 on beam and 9.40 o n bars. Her beam routine included a front ae rial, and back handspring to chest roll (a la Ko rbu t), her bar routine .. . a handstand o n th e high bar, V2 turn, stom ach w hip full tw ist, a fro nt somi between the bars and a hecht from the high bar di smo unt. On floor she had a nice ro utine containing a run with front aerial, tu rn , fro nt aerial and her harder tumbling included round-off, flip f lop, full tw ist and ro und-off, flip fl op, layout back and round-o ff, fli p fl op, layout step-out.

P"olo~ bv Hid1.l,d Kenney Roxanne Pierce

In spite of the tension and close compet iti on, Roxa nne looked at all times to be thorough ly enjoying the meet. Not even a fa ll from the beam, during opt iona ls, marred her p leasa nt disposition. She ju st took it in str ide and went on to knock out a 9.25 on floor exercise, and a 9.20 on bars. Her free ex was done to happy sounding, li ght music. She execul'ed nice tumbling (round-off, fl ip flop, full twist) and sp rin gy dance. At bars she does a very interest ing mount (k ip w ith a full twist o r f ull turn) and her routine was smooth, very beaut i fu l.

Diane Dunbar and Kathy Howard were the real stunners of the meet. Diane does a most unusual floor exercise rout ine w ith exceptional tumbling (round-off, flip fl op, full twist, .. . front handspring, fro nt flip into a round-off, f lip f lop, back, and round-off, flip fl op, back , flip flop, layout back.) , dance th at is sassy and unique and intri cate transition moves. She does an eq uall y good job o n every o ther area wit h vau lti ng often considered o ne of her stronger events.

Kat hy Howard works with a clea n, light sty le that is refreshing to watch. Her compu lso ri es were very st rong and her consisten t sco ring was noticeable. Even w ith the f lu, during the second day of compet iti o n, she managed to secure a 36.00 in opt io nals, her on ly weak event bei ng balance beam.

Kyle (f lex ib ility p lu s) Gaynor did a fine job w ith a nearly f law less beam rout ine (she hits two co nsecutive front ae ria ls that are steadier than even the bea m underneath her), nice free ex and decent bars, not always co nsidered one of her high scoring areas.

Even w ith a 9.5 on floor exercise, for a rout ine executed w ith tremendous ampl itude, Nancy Thies ' all-aro und total suffered the conseq uences of a fa ll on opt iona l beam (and genera ll y shakey execut ion) and a fall on opti onal bars. Had she hit those routi nes she might have been in co ntention for first or second. Her f loor exercise routine conta ined lovely dance elements and so li d tumblin g (round-off, fli p flop, fu ll twist and round-off, f lip flop, layout).

The rea l tragedy of the meet o r rather un fo rtunate gymnast was Jeanette Anderson. Persistent throughout the co mpet iti o n she erased almost all her hard wo rk by a fa ll to the f loor in her free ex ro utine when she attempted what looked like a round-off, flip flop, double twist. Her beam routine was polished with much of her difficu lty com ing from dance, (1 1h reverse turn, knee turn, full turn) but with a front aerial and a pretty handstand stradd le down to a knee turn into splits.

Debbie Hil l 's performances we re also not quite up to w hat they have been and can be. The 7.85 she received for her beam routin e w ith no fa ll s but then not m uch diff icu lty hurt her all -around score but she sti ll qualifi ed and her co mpulsories are w hat saved her.

Another qualifie r was Sa ndi Gross, w ho since her move to Southern IIlin'o is University is like a total ly different gymnast. Slender, poised , and graceful , she appea rs now to be reaching her fu ll potential under the guidance of Herb Vogel.

For Denise Cheshire and Co le Dowaliby a fraction o f a point rea ll y made a world of difference. Denise q ualifi ed by .05 and is a ta len ted newcomer to elite co mpet itio n from the Mid Val ley YMCA gymnastic tea m, Van Nuys, Ca. Good scores all th e way through, she nea rly b lew it all w ith a near cras h on her optiona l bar dismount, a move known as the Cheshi re Snap-down Back Flip, a breathtaking

GYMNAST Mar. '74

tlip from the low bar. But her scores were more ·than adequate elsewhere to withstand a major b reak.

But for Co le Dowa liby o f the Southern Connecticut Gymnastic Clu b , .1 kept her from quali fy ing and she wou ld have surely gotten that ex tra tenth had she hit her opt iona l bar ro utine. But by late evening the long competit ion was sta rting to wear on a few of the fina l bar compet itors and the re severa l missed routin es.

If awards we re give n for o ri ginality alone it would have su rel y gone to Muriel Grossfeld 's team. Everywhe re possib le, f rom vault ing to bars, new and unusua l moves were incorporated in routin es lend ing an eye catc hing appea l to each girl and her rout ine. Perhaps th e most sensationa l was Pam Simone's beam rout ine. Hitting all her tricks in wa rm-up she didn 't qu ite do as wel l im competit ion but stil l presented a dar ing composition wh ich includes a back layout, fu ll twist ing va ldez (l ike a Diamidov), a front wa lkover in w hich she turns down and around to the va ldez posit ion and a running wa lkove r.

Other eye catching p erform ers from Muriel's team were Ba rbi e Myslak who does a tucked front f lip over th e low ba r to catch the high bar, Denise Wa lker who does a side handstand o n the bea m, sp lits her legs, arches

pholo by Juhnn y K.KC

photo by Richard Kenney Kathy Howard

Kyle Gaynor

Nancy Thies Denise Cheshire Barbie Myslak

over (as in a walkover position ) stands on one leg a nd the n throws a tucked front off dismount. A nea r fallon this tri ck ca used her to punc h a litt le Iow an he r front and miss that int e rest ing sequence.

be a little too much or overwhelming, but itwas an excellent m eet.

Co le Dowa liby is a lso among th ese g irls and does interesting h ead and neck spring comb inat ion s o n beam, floor a nd bars and a particularly impress ive headspring on beam. Roundin g out the gro up of Muriel 's gi rls, of w hic h Roxa nne Pierce is a part, is Lisa Cain, a stron g, powerful , a nd yet e legan t gymnast who works bea m o ft e n on the very tips of he r toes .

Ernestine Weaver, head judge on balance beam sa id that she e njoyed judg in g and fo und the routines to be a t a more matu re level tha n in previous yea rs. Greta Tre ibe r, w ho judged vaulting said that she was glad to see more va ri ety in the va ults performed a nd better execution by newcome rs to elite competit ion. She cited Ka'thy Howa rd a nd, and Susan Archer of the KIPS, as two of the particula rl y good va ulte rs.

The Seco nd Elite Qualification Meet in

It 's truly impress ive to see a full tea m of e lite gym nasts and especia ll y ones so ta le nte d .

A word suc h as fantastic would be too smaii or too flippant a word to descr ibe th is co mpetition. Whi le a word like awesome might

De laware shou ld be just as exciting a nd aga in ju st as hard to judge. Next September is the fin a l tri a ls for th e World Games a nd judging by the talent displayed by the gym nasts at this meet, th e United Sta tes should be well

RESULTS

CONTESTANTS 1. Debbie Fike 2. Roxa nne Pi erce 3. Dia ne Dunbar 4. Kyle Gaynor 5. Kathy Howa rd 5. Na ncy Thies 7. Jea nette Anderson 8. Debbie Hall e 9. Ann Carr

10. Sandi Gross 11. Debbie Hill 12. Denise Cheshire

represented .

~ b ~~ ... 0"" o'>~

~... ~" <,.+· ... 0 ~. ~ ~~.s ~e~ ~~ ",ee O~ ... • (.,o~ ~ 8.70 9.35 9.40 9.30 36.75 36.70 73.45 9.05 8.60 9.20 9.25 36.10 37.05 73.15 9.10 9.20 9.00 9.25 36.55 35.95 ,72.50 8.60 9.40 9.10 9.25 36.35 35.85 72.20 9.15 8.70 9.05 9.10 36.00 35.55 71.55 8.90 8.35 8.30 9.50 35.05 36.50 71.55 9.10 9.00 9.10 8.10 35.30 36.15 71.45 8.80 8.85 9.G5 9.15 35.85 35.30 71.15 8.90 8.35 9.05 9.25 35.55 35.25 70.80 9.00 8.90 8.90 8.30 35.10 35.45 70.55 8.80 7.85 9.05 9.10 34.80 35.45 70.25 8.90 8.95 ' 8.10 9.10 35.05 35.00 70.05

All gymnasts with scores below 70.00 did not qua lify for the USGF Elite Nationa ls in this meet.

Cole Dowa liby - 69.90; Barbie Myslak - 69.80; Susan Archer - 69.45; lynne Govin - 69.20; Denise Walker - 68.90; Pa ul ine litowsky - 68.75; lisa Cain -68.65; Pam Simone - 68.55; Donna Payton - 68.50; Jan Anthony - 68.45; Jean ie Beadle - 68.35; Jodi Yocum - 68.30; Cindy Wacker - 68.20; Robin Bleamer -68.10; Jill Johnson - 68.10; Sharon Palmer - 68.00; Stephanie Stromer - 67.85; Patty Mirtich - 67.75; Susan Cantwell-67.25; Gail Wyckoff - 67.10; Shelly Bier-67.05; Karen Atkins - 66.80; Beth Shepard - 66.25; Susan Middleton - 65.50; Donna Burian - 65.40; Re nee Hack - 65.30; l aure l Anderson - 65.20; linda Antonio - 65.20; Cheryl Diamond - 65.10; Dianne Grayson - 60.10.

14

4

Lisa Cain photos by Richard Kenney Jeanette Anderson

5

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Following the first USGF Elite Qualification meet for 1974, a two day Elite Coaches Seminar was held at Heck's Gymnastic Center in Orange, California. Below are pictures of a few of the officials and Elite coaches who attended the seminar. Above: Seminar at Heck's and Muriel Grossfeld (Southern Connecticut Gym Club, New Haven, Ct.). Below top row: Ginny and Bill Coco (Mannettes, Philadelphia, Pa.), Donna and Bill Strauss (Parkelles, Allentown, Pa.), Ernestine Weaver. Second row: Unidentified smiling face, Carolyn (Ping) Holmes (Gymnastics Inc., Seattle),

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Mary Welin (Hi-Lo Twisters, Oklahoma City), Rod Hill (Denver School of Gymnastics, Denver, Co.). Third row: Cap Caudill (Louisville Gym Club, Louisville, Ky.), Fritz Reiter (Mid Valley YMCA, Van Nuys, Ca.), Steve Whitlock, (Acroniets, Detroit, Mi.), Herb Vogel (SIU). Bollom row: Dan Speraw (SCATS, Long Beach, Ca.), Ed Knepper (Olympiad Gym Club, Wilmington, Delaware), Vannie Edwards (Louisiana), Jim Gault (Diablo Gym Club, Walnut Creek, Ca.).

photos by Glenn Sundby

15

Shugurova demonstrating her suppleness. The winners: Galima Shugurova and Maria Gigova.

1973 MODERN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS

CHARM AND ELEGANCE AT THE SIXTH WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIPS

MODERN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS By Diane Van De Craen Spi lthoorn

Vrije Universit eit Brussels

During the period from lS to 1B November 1973, Rotterdam (Hol land) rec~ ived gymnasts from al lover the wo rld to participate in the World Championships for Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Twenty-four countr ies entered the individual exerc ises competition, each w ith a maximum of three gymnasts; eighteen countries participated in the group exercises. The individual work was executed with ball , hoop, ribbon and clubs, wh il e the members of the group exercises had to use the skipping­ropes.

We' ll try briefly to illustrate the sp lendid organization of those four very busy days. A selected group of top internationa l gymnasts had tested, on behalf of the organizers of the championships, various floor surfaces for the optimum solidness. Finally, two floor types were se lected, so that each participant cou ld make a choice between a hard and a soft floor. All the results appeared regularly on an electronic screen so that the audience cou ld eas ily note the sco res. The avai lab le programs were very clear and illustrated with good pictures of the most importa nt participants . Historical facts.

Modern rhythmic gymnastics was born in Eastern Europe. The term "modern " was used because the new form contained many dance­patterns due to the influence of the Russian ballet education. The Eastern Europeans developed this new form into a very graceful sport.

Since 1963, the F.I.G. has organ ized a World Championship every two years in th is beautifu l, feminine sport. The f irst of the series in Budapest (Hungary), contained only two exercises: one w ithout an implement and one with optional hand apparatus. The Russian, Ludmilla Szavinkova beat her compatr iot Tatjana Kravtchenko in the two events.

Two years later in Prague, Tatjana Kravtchenko was aga in second , but this time after Hana Micechova (Czechoslovakia). In 1967, in Copenhagen , where more Western

16

European countr ies entered the competition , many gymnastics fo rms were introduced into modern rhythmic gymnast ics. It was again a Russian victory, but there was also a sma ll blonde Bulgarian girl who distinguished herself! She was Maria Gigova who came in first in the exercise with the hoop.

The group exercises were also introduced for the first time. Russia beat Czechos lovak ia and Bulgaria into second and third p lace. In 1969 and 1971 , respectively in Varna and Havana, Maria Gigova became world champion in modern rhythmic gymnast ics, and now agai n in Rotterdam, she ended first, although she had to share her place with the Russian Galima Shugurova . The American Gymnasts.

In the GYMNAST of Apr il-May 1973, Mildred Prcha l gave an account of the first National Modern Rhythm ic Gymnastics Competition. The first two in this competition, Sarah Brumgart and Katherine Brym, were selected for participation in Rotterdam. The two girls demonstrated very fine work, in sp ite of the fact that rhythmic gymnastics is st ill a very young sport in the United States. Sarah Brumgart may certain ly be congratu lated for her demonstrations. Her style is ve ry dynamic and elegant, and her movements have internat ional class.

During her spectacular balance exercises she, now and then, received spontaneous app lause from the audience.

Katherine Brym is also a very talented gymnast who presented her beautiful composit ions with a cheerful personality. Sarah finished ahead of Katherine with the following points:

63 participants 45th Brumgart 49th Brym

dubs hoop ball ribbon lotal 8.00 8.00 7.55 7.70 31.25 7.30 7.85 6.65 7.90 29.90

Congratulations and success for the future! And now ... about the champions.

Every gymnast participated in four disciplines and the points obtai ned were added to obtain a total va lu e, wh ich determined the classification of the all-around title. The results of the first ten demonstrates clearly the Eastern European overweight:

dubs hoop ball ribbon lolal 1. Shugurova (URS) 9.20 9.25 9.80 9.60 37.85 1. Gigova (BU L) 9.15 9.65 9.50 9.55 37.85 3. Krach innekova(URS)9.05 9.35 9.80 9.60 37.80 4. Filipova (BUL) 8.90 9.50 9.40 9.35 37.15 5. Patocska (HUN) 8.95 9.50 9.35 9.25 37.05 6. Robeva (BU L) 8.70 9.45 9.50 9.35 37.00 7. Schafravo (URS) 8.75 9.35 9.25 9.50 36.85 8. Mrenova (TC H) 8.95 9.25 8.95 9.1 5 36.30 9. Tschee (KOR) 8.35 9.40 8.95 9.30 36.00 9. Batkova (TCH) 8.80 9.20 8.80 9.20 36.00

For Ihe Ihird time Maria Gigova became World Champion in Modern Rhylhmic Gymnastics.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Six top scorers for each single event entered the finals to batt le for th e ind ividua l tit les. In case of a tie, it was th e tota l va lue of the all ­round compet it ion that was decisive for the se lect ion. Shugerova became overall and indiv idual champion , except for the hoop exerc ise. During the exe rcise w ith c lubs, this very flexib le, supple gymnasl showed a remarkabl e amplitude in her movements . Her balan ces and pirouettes were fau lt less as if she was comp letely unco nscious of th at typ ica l " fina l suspense". Her exe rcise w ith the ball was beautifuilly accompan ied by the mus ic " Love Story" and her performance was so perfect th at the j ury rewarded her a top score of 9.90 which gave her a total of 19.70!

As well as her third titl e world champion, Gigova was th e best in the exerci se w ith th e hoop, but she also di st ingui shed herself in th e other events. During the exerc ise w ith the ribbon for instance, the pub li c applauded during almost the w hole demonstrat ion. W ith her fast moving body, co nstantl y in conversat io n with the fanciful ri bbon, she created a thri lling spectacle for th e aud ience. Her exercise w ith the ba ll was also a rea l show. Alter a very supple undulating movemen t, she throws the ball amazing ly h igh, and after some movements, she succeeds in ca tch ing i t in a lying position!

Krachinnekova (URS) obtained a second place th ree times in the indi vidual exe rcises. Her suppleness, perfectl y combi ned w ith a certain strength mak es her movements very co nt rol led. Her technique is so subtle that eve ry undulating movement passes through all parts of her body.

The Hungarian Patocska was the on ly gym nast who had pa rtic ipated in all six wo rld champio nships.

Klingerova, nation al champion of Czechoslovakia, rea ll y had bad luck. Her hoop broke so that it was practically impossible for her to cont inue. She fini shed 27th w ith 9.05 , 7.00, 9.05 and 9.20 points for a tota l. of 34.30.

Nineteen-year-o ld M renova 's exe rcise with the ribbon had so much origi nality, that one wonders w here gymnast 's fantasy wit h this apparatu s w ill ever end. However, during her exe rcise w ith clubs, probably under the influence of that typ ical "f inal suspense", Mrenova lost one of her clubs in a seri es of split jumps, so that she ended in sixth p lace in the indi vidual final s.

Filipova, who was second in 1971 for th e exe rcise with the hoop, probably hoped to win this year. Her score (9.70) wasn ' t however high enough for the victory. Fi li pova was aga in second after Gigova and her teammate Robeva captured third p lace. Thus th ree Bulgarian flags we re raised in the final ce remony.

For the group exercises, where the cho reograph ica l aspect is also very important, the judges decided on th e fo llowing scores and rank in gs : !.(Io4, ",e

~" ~~q ~<:'

Legend of Countries 1. Russia (URS) 2. Czechoslovakia (TC H) 3. East Germany (GDR) 4. Italy (ITA) 5. Bulga ria (BUl) 6. Korea (KOR)

o;..$''I> ,,<to ~~ qf o,q; ~o

~~ (S' qe total 18.55 9.55 9.40 37.50 18.30 9.55 9.00 36.85 17.85 9.45 9.30 36.60 18.00 9.30 9.10 36.40 18.15 9.20 8.95 36.30 17.65 9.30 8.85 35.80

This very we ll organized Wor ld Championsh ip ended with a great closing ceremony.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

The Korean gymnast Seun Duk Dje demonstrates how a perfect technique leads to esthetical forms.

Nechka Robeva (Bulgaria) in the final position of her exercise with ball.

17

MODERN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS Report from the 1973 U.S.G. F. Congress

by A nnel is St range Hoyman

At the 9th A nnual USGF Coaches Congress held November 2-4, 1973 at the St. Louis Marriot Hotel in M issouri , th e newly es tabli shed USGF-DGWS Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics Committee met for th e first time as a group.

Th e com mittee's members, represent ing th e USGF, are:

Mi ldred Prchal (C hairman) 2419 Scovi ll e Ave. Berwyn, Ill inois 60402

Helena Greathouse 27070 Eas t Baseli ne, Apt. 407 Highland, Ca lifo rnia 92346

Annelis S. Hoyma n Freer Gymnasium University of Ill ino is Urbana, Illino is 61801

Andrea B. Schmid San Francisco State Col lege San Francisco, California 94132 Nora Veyette Geo rge Wi ll iams Coll ege Downers Grove, Illino is 60515 Norma Zabka 6600 Blvd ., Eas t West New York, New jersey 07093 At th e fir st meeting held o n Nov. 2 w ith

Shirley Brya n as chairman, the committee discussed in detai l th e proposal for the operating code fo r th e modern rh ythmic gymnastics ce rtifi cat ion prog ram; thi s code w ill close ly fo ll ow the plans already esta bli shed fo r art isti c gymn as ti cs.

In addition th e committee met fo r ex tended work-sessions on Friday and Sa turday to discuss in parti cular the production of compulsory fi lms and film s for judging, and w ritten examinations for judges' certification fo r Modern Rhythmi c Gymnastics.

Final ly th e committee di sc ussed th e new compulsory routines for competition and th e possibi li ty of hold ing a second national competition sometime in May, 1974 in the Chica go area . Th e exact date and place is to be announced later w hen p lans are f inali zed.

To he lp promote the d evelopment o f Modern Rh ythmi c Gymnastics th e following Regiona l Directors have been appointed:

Region 1. CALIFORN IA, N EVADA, UTAH, AR IZONA, HAWAI I

jea n j ones 601 South Shore Drive Seal Beach, California 90740

Region 2. ALASKA , WASH INGTO N, OREGON, IDAHO, MONTANA, WYOMING

Open Region 3. COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, KANSAS, TEXAS, ARK ANSAS, OKLAHOMA, LOU ISIANA

Kerst in Edgar 1179 W ildwood Dri ve Colorado Springs, Colo rado 80918

Region 4. N. DAK OTA, S. DAKOTA, NEBRASKA, M INN ES01 A, IOWA, WISCO NSIN

Kveta Smith 1940 Wash ington Ave ., S.E. Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52403

Region 5. M ISSOUR I, ILLINOIS, M ICH IGAN , INDIANA, KENTUCKY, OH IO

jane jurew 710 S. Humphrey Oak Park, Illino is 60304

111

The German gi rl Carmen Rischer in her exercise with ball.

Any schoo l o r organizat ion interested in p lanning a modern gymnast ics wo rkshop o r program and needing help may contact th e reg io nal director of her area.

There are still no reg iona l directors for Region 6. (MAINE, VERMONT, NEW HAMPSH IRE, MASSAC HUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT, NEW YORK) Region 7 (PE NNSYLVA NIA, NEW JERSEY, WEST VIRGIN IA, MA RYLA N D , DEL AWARE, VIRGI NIA, WASHINGTON D.C.) and Region 8 (TE NNESS EE, NORTH CAROL INA, SOUTH CAROLINA , MISSISS IPPI , FLOR IDA, ALABAMA, GEORGIA); Region 2 mentioned above is also w ith out a d i rec tor.

Anybody, who think s she is qua li f ied and interes ted in se rving as reg io nal director in any of th ese regions should contact the chai rman o f the USGF Modern Gym nastics Com mittee, Mrs. M ildred Prchal (2419 Scovil le Ave., Berwyn, Illino is 60402).

Modern Gymnastics Classes In the Los Ange les area, classes are now ava ilab le for

the fi rst t ime for gir ls interested in competing in modern gymnast ics. The teacher is Helena Grea th ouse, former member of the Czechoslovak national team and current ly head trainer for the USGF in mod ern gymnastics. The cla sses are on Saturday afternoons in West Los A ngeles. For further information, p lease call (213) 392-6892.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

SIMPLI FICA TION NOT FURTHER COMPLICATION - PLEASE!

would it be necessa ry fo r th e judges to get together. These judges would be the m ost experi enced and theirs would be th e most diffi cult ass ignment. If a diffi cu lt move is poorl y presented, the d eductions would be in accordan ce ; their job would be to g rade difficulty and com binati on, no thin g else, thu s lessening th e tas k of th e judge as we use him tod ay . Yes, thi s wou ld be simp li ficati on as need ed.

by Lyle W elser, Retired Coach

Georgia Tech

OL YMPICS - OLYMPICS. Th e ultimate goa l of any wo rth y co ntender has revea led in th e 1972 Ol ympic ga mes that " A ll is no t gold th at glitters". Gymnastics, as in di ving, box ing, fi gure skating and o th er spo rts w here subjecti ve opini o n is th e bas is fo r sco rin g, is frau ght w ith grave po li t ica l probl ems as att es ted by ~ra nk Bare, our USGF director, Bud M arqu ette, wom en 's gymn as ti cs coach and Ro bert Billin gsley, diving coach. It seem s th at fairness of Ol ympic co mpetitio n, in so me respects, is a mi ss ing co mmodity. Ri chard Chew in th e 1972 A ugust USGF Newsletter revea ls that " ho metow ning" is present in A meri ca, but it loo ks li ke it ex tends to international co mpet ition as we ll. Wh at ca n be do ne abo ut thi s should be th e co nce rn of th e " k ing pins" o f th e re lated spo rts. It is beli eved th at if Spitz, the all tim e great swimm er, had to depend o n subjecti ve opinion as th e bas is fo r being d eclared a w inner, he mi ght not have ,rated a m ere m ention. H ow any athl ete w ho has been victimi zed in any such case ca n maintain and con tinu e o n in a spirit of enthusiasm, is a baff ling m ys tery to me. Have you no ticed how som e have turn ed profess ional at thi s stage! How ca n th e Olympic go ld be upheld as th e majo r m oti va tin g fo rce for our young, hard wo rkin g con tes tants? Thi s question ca n apply to th e related coaches as w ell.

Now be as it ma y fo r th e po litica l injust ices, gymnasti cs is still furth er bogged down w ith inte rn al , c umb e rso m e, un wa rr ant e d , ambiguous practi ces w hi ch occur in the scorin g sys tem (a ll of w hi ch is no t bad, but much of w hi ch ca n be improved ). Actu all y th e who le system needs bo iling dow n, refinin g and simplifyin g so most o f those co nce rn ed w ith the sport w ill have some idea of w hat is transpirin g. We have been, an d are guilty of, not all ow ing suffi c ien t latitud e for th e scor ing of difficulty. W e are guilty of splitting hairs w hich have alread y been split seve ral times, whi ch in a se nse, is pe rhaps being " penn y-w ise and pound-fooli sh" . In seekin g perfect ion it al so appears that we are att empting to spread ourselves farther apar't, instead of closer together. Whil e th e tru e intent o f th e rules is to promote fa irness, it is fea red that mu ch of thi s has been lost in th e shu ffl e. To add to th e confusio n, th e ~IG continues to co mpli ca te th e sys tem w ith its additional supplements o f techni ca liti es . Th en co me th e as teri sks 1 2 3 & 4 leve ls o r class i f icati o ns and -- w hat's with thi s bu siness of f inal scores b eing lower th an th e preliminary scores! What ca n be done to correct this dilemma! W hy not get rid of thi s cumbersome " Rube Goldberg" approach and try and get dow n to ca lling a spade a spade. Wouldn ' t it b e sensibl e to stop jos tlin g around and getting eve ryth ing all mi xed up and m atted togefh er ?

So here- in li es thi s o ffer ing fo r w hat it is worth . W ha t we need is SIMPLIFICATION NOT FURTHER COM PLICATION . W e mus; stop feeling that simplifi cat ion is sacreligiou s.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Let's m ake th e judges ass ignment as simple and as se nsible as possib le, so we ca n recruit a go od supp ly o f quali f ied and certifi ed judges capabl e and read y to serve at co sts that ca n be afforded, judges w hose scores w ill be as accurate and reliable as humanl y poss ibl e.

To co mpe l a judge to pose as an in-human, super, super computer is far beyond th e realms o f reason and th e so oner we reali ze it , th e better it w ill be for th e sport. It is beli eved by som e scienti f ic mind s that even a computer would bl ow a fu se , if su bj ected to th e present demands fo r instant perfec t scores. M y qu es ti o n is, " How lo ng ca n a sport endure w hen it has a lot o f its super-stru cture built on a flimsy foundation of short comings? This is not to say that all is bad , beca use it isn ' t. Th e Cod e of Point s is consid ered as our gymnastic bible and it does permit a uni versa l acceptance o f definiti ons, specifi cations and standards, se nsible, logica l o r no t. W e have com e a long way w ith th e F.I.G. but do we not need some rev isions and improvem ents! Certainl y gymnasti cs dese rves our best know how . I DIFFICULTY AND COMBINATION: Why not let diffi cul ty be difficulty as co upled w ith combination , nothing else con sidered ; never m ind the aestheti cs . Let thi s be the ass ignment for the specia li zed judge, on e, two , three or mo re as th e m eet wa rrant s. Average th e scores if more th an one is used. Most of all let 's g ive suffi cient allowa nce for such, say 10 points. Th e present range d oes not provide suffi cient latitude. Prese nt pra cti ce is like trying to squeeze a bunch of bananas into a kid glove -ri ght, it ca n' t be d one. As we wa tch competition today th e judges seem to gi ve th e hi gher scores to those w ith the greater d iffi culty, so w hy not make it lega l and officiall y give th e superi or gymnast w ith superior diffi culty his due credit. Surely all Ihings being equal th e bett er gymnast is the on e w ith th e higher diffi culty. Judges here must know th eir A-B-C and maybe D moves. Th is score with whateve r is deducted for composition can then be multiplied by th e aesthetic average score of a poss ibl e 10, thu s making a total of 100 points as perfec t, a score w hi ch is uni versa ll y understood . Whil e difficu lty is related to executi o n, th e multipli ca tion takes care of thi s w ithout con Siderin g th e hair splitting deduction s individuall y and simultaneously for each m ovement proportioned to difficulty.

Th ese A-B-C and m aybe D moves should be careful ly and sci entifi ca ll y determin ed and only w hen a new m ove would present itse lf

II COMPOSITION : Thi s ca tego ry would be th e leas t diffi cult to judge as it would be cl ea r cut and dri ed as all that is needed would be a simple deduction of say on e or two po int s for an y specified compo nent part left out. Thi s could be tak en from th e di f fi culty and comb ination score befo re it is multipli ed by th e execution score. Thi s w ould be an ideal pl ace to break in th e inex peri enced judge and hi s remuneration could be in proportion to th e others. III EXECUTION: Thi s would be th e second most difficult ass ignment in re lati o n to th e others. Thi s category li es w ithin th e realms o f aesth eti cs but would call for th e specialist w ho wou ld consider as part of th e sco re th at w hi ch would relate to th e we ll pro po rtion ed body, free from bow legs, knock knees, bul ging be lli es, long hair or bad body fo rm , executing movement in a smooth , graceful , elega nt , flowing manner of style. Hi s ass ignment would embra ce o nl y the arti sti c pha se and he would not be concerned on e bit w ith th e o th er catego ri es . As a side note, it is a fo regon e co nclusion th at th e grea ter th e diffi culty, th e harder it is to execute it w ith good form, so reall y the contes tant would net a better score through th e diffi cult y channel. A simplifi ed breakdown mighl be a ma ximum o f two po ints fo r each of th e foll owing fi ve areas :

1. Uniform appe ar an ce dnd manner .... 2 pIS.

2. Continuity, w ithout ex tra sw ings, pau sing too long or not lon g enough o n holds .. .. 2 pIS.

3. Loss of contr o l, falling o ff or o ff balance, scraping o f apparatu s or go ing out of areas .... :.! pIs.

4. Smoothness, free fro m jerkin ess, smooth correct tempo, (not to o fast or too slow) .... 2 pIs.

5. Bod y fo rm and style during th e exe rcise (legs, knees, toes, head position s) .. .. :.! pIs.

Hi s score wou ld b e 10 for perfec t and th e composit e score could be deri ved from one or more judges as prev iously stated . A multiplication wou ld be fo r an all inclusive score re lating all cat egori es o f difficulty and combination , composition and execution. Th e mu ltipli cation would perhaps tend to yield a greater spread of scores w ith less chance of o ne

Guesl Ed. conI. on pg. 31

FOOD FOR THOUGHT: HOW DOES THIS STRIKE YOU? -CONSIDER ITTHEORETICALL Y I. On A 5 and 5 pI. Basis

Contestant A Contes tant B Contes tant C

Diff. & Comb. 5 Pts. 3 Pts. 1 Pt.

Execution 1 Pt. 3 Pts. 5 Pts.

Add Res. Mu lt. .6 Pts. 5 Pts. 6 Pts. 9 Pt s. 6 Pt s. 5 Pts.

(Note: No differentiation by adding; B is superior by multiplying)

II. On a 10 and 10 PI. Basis: Contes tant A 10 Pts. 1 Pt. 11 Pts. 10 Pts. Contes tant B 6-5 Pt s. Mid 5-6 Pts. Mid 11 Pts. 30 Pts. Contes tant C 1 Pt. 10 Pts. 11 Pts. 10 Pts.

Res.

(Note: No differentiation by adding; B is superior by 20 points by multip lying)

19

psycltoLoGY ANd

cOAcitiNG By Dr. Joe Mass imo

" SOME COMMENTS O N AN ED ITORIAL BY THE PAST PRESIDENT OF THE UN ITED STATES

ASSOC IATION OF IND EPE NDEN f GYMNASTI C CLUBS"

In the most recent iss ue of the U.S.A. I.G.c. Newsletter (No. 1 Vol. II ) an Editorial Comment from the past President (Tom Heineike) appea red co ncern ing hi s exper ience at the M idwest Open he ld over the Thanksg iving wee kend. Tom's remarks fo ll ow :

" I spent Thanksgiving in Ch icago at the M idwest Open. There I ran into a situation whi ch irritated and disgusted me. For th e national elite divis ions, 60 plus girls had one set of unevens and two beams to work on for wa rm-ups. I saw gi rl s " hogging" equipment for their tea ms. One group held a beam until every girl had been th rough two routin es p lus wo rked out the trouble spots. The same group went through entire routines on bars with five minutes left for wa rm-ups and stil l twenty girls standing in line - hoping to get a chance to find their setting before the meet started.

The sad part is that th is behavior is taught by coaches. I saw we ll known eli te coaches, usua lly friendly and kind , turn into M r. Hydes when their girls ca me up. I saw young coaches I had not seen before, push everyone aside so that their girls could get the bes t chance. And we wonder why our elite progra m is such a rotten polit ica l mess!

A wa rning, coaches; you had better check your motives. Why' are you coaching? For your own sorry egos? To sa ti sfy the child in you that longs for recognition? Are you concern ed at all about the young people you are trainin g? What are you training them for? Are you training just thei r bodies, or do yo u wa nt them to grow up to be responsible, lovin g, whole people? Do you really love the sport and do yo u rea ll y love the gymnas ts you are workin g with, or are you in love with just yourself?

Coaches - take a serious look - th e sport and the li ves of many you ng people depend on it. "

I would like to make some observa tion s abou t this situ at ion as Tom descr ibes i t. First, all of us w ho have coac hed have run into thi s problem, oft en, as a defens ive act ion, we are forced to take a simil ar stance so our own gymnasts do not get sho rt-changed. This experience is a sa d one and th e questions Tom rai ses warra nt a carefu l personal rev iew by al l coac hes. Self rev iew is a good process for all coac hes on a regular basis.

Part o f the prob lem is an im p li cit one w hich has to do w ith the nature of competiti ve gymna st ics as a spo rt. Albeit that the behavio r is irr itating, it is also a fa ct that most gymnasts need a decent warm-up before compet ing. Many coaches are ove r-zea lous in this regard and some may behave in ways that ref lect questionab le moti ves and va lue sys tems. Many coaches, however, may care ve ry much about the tota l youngste r (as Tom says, " training them to be responsible, loving, w ho le peop le." ) but are also (and perhaps primaril y) interes ted in produ cing fi ercely compet iti ve e l ite performers who have already dedicated many hours to the spo rt wi th much personal sacr ifice. With th is in mind, coaches are out fo r their

20

"THE FULL TWISTING DIVE ROLL" By Brian Bozick

In recent years a va ri ety of interes ting and creati ve movements have been introduced into th e floor exerci se event. As is th e case in most areas of spo rts, the valuabl e and interesti ng elements are reta ined or allowed to develop. Such has been the case w ith the (1 / 1) full tw ist ing di ve roll and subsequent 1 V, tw istin g d ive ro ll. The skill is an attract ive addition to most exercises and can be perfo rm ed either from a forward run , or with an additional Vz twist , from a round-off. Th e basic steps to perfo rming this skill are set fort h be low. Pre-requisites:

1. High forward dive rol l. 2. We ll -control led round-off (if used to

execute sequence) . Equipment Needed:

1. Springboard or

2. M ini Trampolin e or

3. Va ulting Board an d

4. Landing Mat

Procedure: Step I: Us ing va ulting board, gym nast should

perfect a high, welkontrolled dive ro ll. The sk ill should emphasize a pronounced chest lift at the ea rl y portion of th e flight and a pro nounced hee l lift at th e zenith of the f li ght. (fig. 3 th rough 6)

Once th is phase is perfected the gymnast should begin to practice th e inclus ion of the twisting element. A V, twi st to th e back, using a thick landing mat, is a recommended procedure at this point. It is important at this juncture to menti on two keys to this skill. The first dea ls wi th the gymnast " setting" (see f ig. 4) himself up for the twist. This requires that the performer reach a high contro ll ed point in the dive, with forward upwd ru traj ectory, prior to ini tiating the twist. The second co ncerns the pos ition of the head . Th e head shou ld remain

own. I agree with Tom that this is indeed

un fortunate in the extreme bu t it is unlikely that al l coaches are go ing to share his philosophy in this regard. I happen to - but if my youngsters are at a competition where this is happening yo u ca n be sure I won't stand by

in an up, chin-out, position throughout the twi sting sequence. (see f ig. 3 through 6)

As the performer ga ins confidence and familiarity with the V, twist, he wi ll begin to "feel" his position relative to the floor. At this point, it is recommended that he roll on the floor in the same twisting direction he plans to use in the aer ial performance, and try to visual ize the actual skill. While practicing the roll, the gymnast should be conscious of a heel and head lift as the roll or twist is completed . 1 his arching phenomenon will allow the bod y to remain stra ight and the twisting to be completed as the gymnast finishes the skil l.

Step II: As the gymnast becomes comfortab le w ith

the V, twist and understands the sk ill through practicing the " ro ll " technique, the next step is to perform the full twist. Us in g th e landing mat and vau lting board, the athlete follows the same procedure as in Step I, except the latera l " ro ll " is performed in the air. The spotter stands near the mat on the side to w hich the performer is twisting. He should aid th e gymnast in reaching his hands on the land ing. (see fig. 7)

Common Errors: Two common errors in performing this sk ill

are already li sted above 1. Failure to "set-up" before twisting. 2. Failure to keep the head up th roughout

the sequence (chin-out) . The fa ilure to " set-up" results in a sluggish

and frequent ly st ilted twist. It is not uncommon for a J;ej twist or an almost twist to result from this problem.

The dropping of the chin or the head-down error results in the body pulling into a bailor a closed position. As this occurs the twist is terminated and the gymnast falls o ut of the dive. Either problem can effect the twist element of the sk ill and the resulting problems freq uent ly resemb le each other. The coach is urged to check the key errors listed above.

and sulk but will get in there on their behalf -alas, the vic ious cyc le is perpetuated!

I have worked with many of ou r top coaches (Muriel Grossfeld, Dick Mulvihill, Bud Marquette, Rod Hill, Bill and)G inny Coco etc.) and they are " tigers " but from personal

Psych. and Coaching cont. on pg. :u

GYMNAST Mar. '74

LET'S TWIST AGAIN LIKE WE DID LAST SUMMER

OR A TRAMPOLINIST LOOKS AT A FULL

TWISTING BACK FLIP by

Stormy Eaton United States Naval Academy

I have been as ked to relate some ideas o n teaching a full tw isting back f lip . Thi s skill ca n be execut ed in ba sica ll y two ways. Th ey are: 1. Layout back flip, when upside down, see t he bed or floor and w rap th e arm s across. We shall call thi s a " late full ". 2. Initiate the tw ist pra cticall y off the ground in th e fo rm of a back dive half twist.

Performing the layout first has the advantage of gettin g th e hips up fas t, makin g th e tw ist easier. Thi s full is best p erfo rmed o n th e still rings w here an equal pull by both arms is necessary at the end of th e dislocate to crea te rotation . Without thi s th e gymnas t w ill most likely catch a rin g w ith hi s foo t resulting from dropp ing the shoulder too ea rl y. Th e disadvantage li es in th e head positi on. With a late full , the gymnast ca nnot see th e landing until he has touch ed th e mat. This is the primary reason I am pursuing th e back di ve half type o f full.

Most trampolini sts genera ll y do no t get di zzy during a ten skil l routine. If we did , we would lose the ability to relocate as accura tely as we do. Most t ra mpolinists do see alm ost every trick, including a fu ll. Even on su ch a skill as a double tw isting double ba ck, th ere is never a time when th e trampolin e bed is no t in view.

Many of us coaches have sought to break this full down making it easi er to understand and explain to younger gymnasts. How many coaches are frustrated beyond beli ef" beca use th e " late twist" hasn 't worked yet? (This is tru e especiall y in wo!"",en's gymnasti cs). I offer thi s method with help from· Ni ssen 's twis tin g expert, George Hery.

EQUIPMENT: trampoline and / or crash pad, row of mats.

From Ru sty Mitchell (my former coach) I have learn ed that a coach can decrease considerably the actual learning time of a particular stunt if he or she can physicall y manipulate the gymnast through th e desired stunt. Thi s is a rea l advantage ove r th e hand twisting belt method if th e coach ca n lea rn thi , technique. CAUTION: This type o f manipulation is not for every coach and I hesitate in teachin g this in fea r that some coach will think thi s is simple and try it w ith a young gymnast, resulting in an injury. It takes man y thpusands of spots to attain thi s method effectively. Pl ease take tim e and practi ce . 1. We beg in wi th a layout back flip . To eliminate " pik ing down " at th e end, th e

GYMNAST Mar. '74

gymnast sho uld learn to lean back afte r th e initi al lift has been completed . This w ill tighten th e back and result in a strai ght bod y positi o n. 2. To beg in teaching a back di ve half (from no w on a BO Y2), th e coac h must spo t on th e side th at the gymnast turns toward s. Standing o n th e left side as she lift s o ff, you w ill spo ton the back with the right hand as she ro ll s to her stomach . Th e left hand will be o n th e right thi gh. You must put th e gymnast through a handstand position o n the mat (very much like a stutz hand on Parall el Bars). If it helps, thi nk of Y,flip and y, twist. Wh en she ca n ge t her hips up fas t eno ugh to move thro ugh the handstand positio n on her own (usua lly you ca n fee l thi s wh en spo ttin g), th en stay layed out almost landing on her ba ck, and be at least head hi gh, she is ready to move o n. Do not rush th is step, i t is th e key to success fo r thi s t ri ck !

FIGURE 1: arms are lifting, hips o ut in f ro nt , head in a neutral pos iti o n - not looking back.

FI GURE 2: eyes looking at the ground, hips out, arm s up. 3. Th e second half o f th e full pertains to a roundoff, then a barani . To determin e w hi ch way to intiate tw ist, try thi s: by putting the righ t hand dow n on a ro undoff th e tw ist is initi ated to the left. Look at th e pos iti on of th e left shoulder as the hand goes down. Many gymnasts may alrea dy have a BO Y, and it may be the other way. Go ahea d and teach the full that way, but it w ill help if th e gymn ast ca n lea rn a ro undoff on both sides. (For ri ght tw istin g everyth ing is reve rsed) . 4. Wh en th e gymnast has a good BO Y2, the coach is ready to manipu late her through the second half by ho lding her on th e BO V2 and carrying her throu gh the roundoff. It wi l l be confusing at first as to w hich way to f ini sh th e second half. Holding the gymn as t in the BO V, tell he r to do the correct roundoff. As a spo tter you w ill be twi sting her into yo u instead o f away

1

from you. As a spotter yo u w ill p lace your ri ght arm

across th e back at take o ff , and as she tw ists your arm will be o n the stomach. The left hand is o n the back of t he ri ght leg rota tin g to fron t o f leg as she tw ists. A fter the first half th e right arm co mes out and th e left ca rri es the weight until th e r ight gets in at the end under th e stom ach. Eventuall y yo u w ill be abl e to spo t th e enti re tri ck w ith yo ur left arrn . 5. The gymnast is now ready to go th ro ugh w ithout th e use of hands on the ro undoff. Thi s is w here t he initi al hip d r ive is cru cial. Remember; y, f li p y, tw ist.

~ I GU R E 5: th is shows th e beg in ning of th e seco nd hal f. Noti ce the ri gh t arm has co m e in.

fi GU RE 6: th e fi ni sh - i f th e gymn as t has to p ike in deep, there was lack of hi p thrus t at the beg inn ing. PRO BLEMS : Th e mos t common prob le m is tw isti ng too ea rl y w itho ut h ip li f t. (FI GU RE 7 il lustrates thi S) . Generall y after th e gymnast has learned th is full , it is necessary to keep stressing th e stre tch at th e beginning.

f iGU RE B: shows th e resul t of tw istin g too ea rl y. Thi s fo rces a pi ke in o rd er to complete a somersa ult, making tw istin g very difficult. CORRECTI ONS: Go back to a layout, BO Y, until t he gymnast gets the stretch idea. SA ~ ETY : I have fo und thi s to be much mo re safe than spottin g on the o th er side for a lef t or ri ght twis ting full. Th e gym nast is turning in to, no t away from the spotte r.

AUTHOR'S NOTE: This is just o ne way o f teaching a full. I do no t

claim it is ·· th e" ri ght way, it depends on your own gy mnasts. I do however fee l that a good so lid trampoline background is go ing to benefit any gymn as ti cs prog ram. I fee l thi s type o f full is good because th e gymnast ca n see th e entire stu nt, rath er tha n tw isting blind.

8

21

RESEflR~H

I'~~-:; /t )' =

J.. I!.! ...••.....••.....•••••••. DR. H.J. 8IESTERFELDT, JR. · • • • "GYMNAST" RESEARCH EDITOR Athletics Department- SIU Arena Carbondale, Illinois 62901

· · · · • • ••••••••••••••••• ~J.~ ••••••••••••••••• _ ••

FLEXI81l1TY PROGRAMS by H. J. Biesterfeldt, Jr.

O ver some 15 years I have experimented with a va riety of stretch ing procedures, some quite unsa ti sfacto ry and others with va riou s advantages. Today I will describe w hat makes a poor method poor, and give the essential features of a safe progra m. Fo r thi s is of paramount importance: a flexibility program should minimize the probability of injury and undes ired skeleta l deformat ion. I. The Old Way and its Lessons. A classic (ballistic) example.

Th e instructo r ca ll s for 25 toe tou ches done to a fast count, w ith the perform er tryin g to go as far as possible each time.

Results: In over half of th e cases th ere is no improvement in fl ex ibility beyond a minor improvement due to familiarity with the exercise. Do ne ea rl y in season 10% o r more performers w ill suffer some degree of muscl e pull , with resultant scar tissue. Only the luck of avo iding repetition of th e injury prevents gradual loss of flexibility. In l at~ r yea rs th e ath lete ma y ex pect aches and pains due to the sca r tissue.

In add ition we ment ion that such an exe rci se done as a sett ing up exercise, wit hout any warmup, seems to be even more li kely to be harmful. A neoclassical example. _

Subject is too tight in shoulders to hold an acceptable handstand. A friend tries to help him by using (lots of) force to place his shoulders in better posit ion . " Pop" goes th e ring title. Variation.

Subject has no intention of lettin g anyone hurt him. He sits on the floor, legs apart, and has a fr iend p ush him forward and down, to stretch his hamstrings. Everyone, even he himself, thinks he is st retching. But to protect himself he uses his considerable strength to ensure that he does not get anywhere nea r his full range of motion . He works on his " flexibility" regularly, and gets nowhere. A ridiculous example.

Suppose a man has sli ghtly t ight triceps so that he cannot bend his arms fully. Wou ld anyone here suggest handstand pushups to loosen up his triceps? Certainly he cou ld use them as a warmup, but as his arms bend on ly to a right angle in the exercise, we cannot expect the exercise to help him bend further than that. In a similar vein, curls do not make th e weight lifter superfl ex ible.

These exa mples are intended to lead one to accept the lessons others have lea rned about stretching.

22

LESSON 1. Exercise (m iscall ed stretching) in the range where f lexib ility is present may be a prelude to stretching, but of itse lf does not make much of a cont ributi on to flexibility.

LESSON 2 " St retching" against strong ly resisting muscles is usually harmful and does littl e to improve fl ex ibility.

LESSON 3 Balli stic stretching has almost no va lue in the increase of flex ibility . It surely does serve some other purposes, but that is beside the point. ALL MODERN (nondestruct ive) SYSTEMS FOR STRETC HI N G ARE BASED ON INCORPERATI NG TH ESE LESSONS INTO A PROGRAM WORKABLE FOR THE GROUP CONCERNED . Warm-up and reflexes.

Consider for a moment the famil iar knee­jerk refl ex . If you w ill test a man say 20 times in a few minutes, you w ill find that th e react ion to the hammer starts quite strong, and shortl y then d im ini shes to a lower, con tinuin g, leve l. It is this dimini shment that is important to us.

Most of coord inat ion is reflex ive in nature. Certain ly warm-up mea ns partl y stimul at ion of circulation. Much more essent iall y it means triggering of relevent ref lexes under cont ro lled conditi o ns so to estab li sh a normal leve l o f reaction. Mostl y thi s involves suppression of over-reactions. We suppress the stretch ref lex to gain recoil through a fu ll range of motion . We suppress the inhibiting reflexes associated with pain. In fact, recent study revea ls a rich

. store of information about hitherto unexamined refl ex systems.

In stretching we must by some means ensure aga inst ref lex ive contract io n of the stretched muscles.

II. A Partner Stretching Program Stretching sys tems workab le for a physica l

therapist giving ind ividual t rea tments fo r $10.00 a half hour may not be sui tab le for Hinsdale's 500 gymnasts and two or three coaches. The system we desc ribe here is wo rkab le in large groups, provided the athl etes are cautioned to stretch each other quite gentl y. They should be cautioned not to try and see how far they ca n push each other. It may take 3,1., hour for th e first few days, but ca n shortly be reduced to 1/ 3 hour as the gymnasts progress. 1) Since the stretch ref lex must be suppressed, adequate warm-up is in o rd er. For thi s, any non-balli stic exe rcise using th e muscles to be stretch ed will do. This might just be your normal wo rkout session, stretching as a finish. It is not cr iti ca l. 2) A comfortab ly warm workout area h~lps, since arct ic clothing in hibits stretching.

£ • . 1

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ridicu lous example.

3) Each exe rci se described below is to be done 15 times at the sta rt of the program. As th e p rogram progresses, the repet itions may be reduced graduall y to about eight. 4) One repet iti o n cons ists o f two parts: a four second contraction phase followed by a four second relaxat ion phase. 5) Isomet ri c effo rt at position holding afte r the last repe tit ion for another four seconds or so gives a good rate of strength increase as a bonus.

The idea is this. After a bit of fat igue fro m the four seconds of contraction , the muscle "wants" to rela x, and hence should rela x mo re than usual. Also if the assistant has not hurt the su bj ect in the first few repetitions, the subject ga ins con fid ence in him, and unconsciously cooperates with him. So after three or four repetitions, the ass istant graduall y stretches the gymnast in the rela xed phase. He allows the subject to move away from the stretched position a bit in the co ntraction phase i f thi s prevents pa in . Th ere shou ld be ve ry littl e pain . Th e assistant sho uld keep an eye on the face of the su bj ect to be sure of the start o f pain. The subject, if part icu larl y tight, may cooperate better w ith hi s eyes closed, for often if he sees how far you ca n stretch him, he will not accept it and wi ll tense up. Th e ass istant should p rove to be sure that the proper muscles are being tensed in the contract io n pha se. IMPORTANT -- NO STRETCH ING IS DONE IN THE CONTRACTION PHASE (lesson 2)

Exe rcise 1 is especia lly for very stiff gymnasts and stretches some of the short muscles which are stretched also in later exercises. It should be omitted as the gymnasts get well into the program. Exercise 3 should be omitted from the initial program for st iff gymnasts who w ill be unable to do it. At some point it should replace 3 to save time. As th e program gets along, exercise 2 may be done without a partner, on the floor, to save time. But this eliminates the strength benefits. Exercise 1. Sit on the f loor as shown and press knees toward floor. In co ntract phase, squeeze up against hands wi th knees.

Bend forward as far as poss ible with back st raight during exerci se. Alternative:. On back, knees drawn upward, partner presses knees apart and toward floor, say 6" w ider than shou lder width.

Th e second works better but is hardly an ideal partner position from the PTA point of view. Exercise 2 As in sketch, back and one leg quite flat. Leg is to be stretch ed toward the face of the subject. Do not allow hips to twist as this cha nges the stretch.

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Alternati ve : Do exerc ise aga inst the wal l, and at end make subject try to ho ld leg as high as th e ass istant has raised it (4 sec). A lternati ve : On floor, subject stretch es se lf. Exercise 3 Agai nst wa ll as shown, back flat , body stra ight. Raise leg in a plane of 30° f rom wa ll, toe turned ou t. Isomet ri c ho ld at f ini sh. Exercise 3 Subject on back on fl oo r, legs raised and apart. Hands holding heels, legs and arms straight. Keeping back on f loor, press hands toward f loor. Partn ers ca n wo rk very effect ive ly at start, but this may best be deferred unti l some progress has been made. Exercise 4 Subject on f loo r, face down. Assistant rai ses o ne leg, care ful not to rai se it sidewa rd at all , and pressing o n hip to force all bending to occur in hip. Exe rcise 5 serves somewhat th e sa me funct ion as the gymnasts progress. Exercise 5 Split , ca rrying th e weight on hand s during th e stretch phase, and supporting it w ith legs on contraction. Do not try to bounce. Keep hips squared off - legs forward and back. Exercise 6 Round back in th e contract phase, press down to increase arch in rela x phase. Exercise 6 Alternate (ass istant needs some skill). Subject sits on floor, feet aga inst wa ll , arms overhead, in armpits of assistant. With bent arms, ass istant reaches round to th e upper back of subject. On contract, subject ro unds back and draws arms forward. On relax, assistan t draws arms back and with hi s hands accents the upper back arch of subject. Exercise 6 is for upper back, and not lowe r back. Th ere should be stretch of shou lders without pain. Exercise 7 Hang in a German hang on th e bar w here the feet ca n touch th e floor. Use usual procedure to stretch, for freer sw ing on parallel bars and so on. Though obvious, this exercise is quite impo rtant. SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 1 Di slocate. Here, good German flexibility comes first. Then, the subject need mere ly elevate the clav icle almost up to the ear, and he w ill f ind the dislocate quite easy. If th e elevat ion is forgotten, far greater fl exib ility is req uired, and th e integ rity of the shoulder joint may be impaired. Do not force any disloca te exe rcises. This is as much a coordination ski ll as a f lexibility one. 2 Lower back. Thi s is a problem mainl y from over-zealous stretching in children. It seldom requires much wo rk, and such things as bridges are not very well advised. A simple and safe exercise for use when needed is this: in position as shown, press down w ith hands as if pulling to a front lever, allowing abdominal

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muscles to re lax. WARNING . A lmost no mu scles nea r th e back ca n preve nt overa rch of the lower back. With adequate hip and upper back and shou lder f lex ibility, there is littl e reason to push for lower back fl ex ibility. ORTHOPEDICALl Y UNDESIRABLE EXERCISES

Certain common exercises frequently contribute to ort hoped ic p rob lems, and should be avo ided or used w ith ca re. Th e br idge is one, as mentioned above.

Exe rcise 3, and Exe rci se 2 if done w hil e ho lding the ankle, tend to increase recurva tum. Legs that hyperextend are prone to knee di slocat ions. Use care .

" Jap Splits" as now often done, app ly direc t sideward force o n the kn ees . Especiall y w ith gym nasts no t ye t aged 16, th e knee rema ins incompletel y oss if ied, so that such forces ca n if cont inued ove r som e time result in permanent deformity, both as loose and knock knees. Watch for signs o f late ral bending, and forewarn th e gymnast wit h such tendency. Or just forget th e exercise.

Equally easy is it to produce late ral curve of t he elbow, and ea rl y wo rk o n crosses has had that undesi red effect on man y of the Japanese gymnasts. Especia ll y in youngsters, thi s is a very serious cons ideration .

It is well to remember th at almost no bones of these two joints ossify full y befo re age 15, most by age 20, and one not until age 25 . III Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and other technically involved methods. P.N.F.

Quite frankly, P.N.F. methods are too invo lved for practica l use by coaches except in case of the need to recuperate from se ri ous injury. M y remarks here are ve ry brief. P.N .F. attempts to repa ir o r rep lace nerve paths and invo lves the use of a muscle through its range wi th th e hope that th is use w ill st imulate this nerve recovery. It is essent ial in Pol io cases, but less important elsewhere. Th erapy is ve ry personal and quite tim e consum ing.

One element of therapy techn iqu e is the suppression of pain w ith co rresponding suppression of muscle contract ion. Except for the undes irability of feeding an at hlete medicines, we cou ld do this w ith a large dose of skeleta l muscle rela xa nts. This must be discouraged. Warmth

Some years ago I tested use of heat for this, and I fou nd that even chronical ly tight athletes co uld stre tch effect ive ly after about twe nty minutes in a wet 105° steam room. I did not find hot-dry sa unas of as much use.

Since we often lack access to such a facili ty, and often th e rooms are too small to use and

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GYMNAST Mar. '74

too dirty to li e down in , I no lo nger recommen d thi s. With a good faci lity, yo u ma y f ind it okay, and we do some times use it.

More important, th e grea t wa rmth res ults in more than the usua l damage in case of over­zea lous stretch ing. Th e blood vesse ls are too d ialated. Th e main adva ntage th en is the sleepy, rela xed, fat igued cond ition deve loped in the bat h. Thi s approach cannot be used on inju red muscles for some ti me after injury. Chemicals

Chemica l hea tin g rubs ca n produce similar ben efit s, but should not be used except in " emergency. " The effect of these chemica ls is small , and diminishes with co nt inu ed use, so they should be reserved fo r the few tim es that they are needed. Cold

Direc tl y after any injury that may cause bleeding, vasoco nstriction is essential. Ice is th e cheapest and usuall y th e fastest means ava il ab le. By 24 ho urs after injury, unde r th e numbing influence of thorough icing, stretching ca n beg in . The p ractiti oner sho uld use extreme care not to agg ravate th e problem .

In add iti on, even w ithout injury o r to get around pains of an o ld in jury, thorough ice massage followed by ice and stretching ca n be helpful.lo do o ne hJrmtring I find a cube o f at least a quart volume is needed. Ice packs do not suffi ce. Two-quart milk carto ns make a good size for ice trea tment, for stretching, as on ly ten minutes preliminary massage is requ ired .

This procedure w ill stretch the muscles, but anoth er mea ns w ill st ill be requ ired to teach the athlete to relax eno ugh to stretch on hi s own. It also must be mentioned that good circu lati on and deep muscl es limi t the chi lli ng effect and hence the effecti ve ness of the method. IV Conclusion

Th e methods of Sect ion II seem genera ll y most workab le, and ha ve the side benefit of including isometri c strength development. Details on th e technical sys tems are a matter of exper ience and we are glad to co nfer about indi vidual probl ems in th erapy as required. ADDED AFTER DISCUSSION AT ILLINOIS HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASTIC COACHES ASSOCIATION MEETING 1) Certain probl ems of flexib ility are not rea ll y muscula r problems and do not respo nd to th e fatigue sys tem at all. Jo int immobility f rom other ca uses - mineral deposits o r ch ips in th e joint - must no t be diagnosed as muscle ti ghtness, and must be treated differently wit h the supervision of a competent o rthopedic ph ysic ian. 2) The fa tiqu e ,>ys tem appeills to produce fantastic gai ns during th e ve ry first session, and no signifi ca nt soreness wi ll remain the following day. However th e athlete w ill usual ly be ri ght back w here he sta rted by th e next day. Thi s is quite natu ral. First, it takes t ime to learn to relax, so that each day some fati gue is needed to get back to a fully f lex ible state. More important, it is only th e small amount of stretch ing at the end of the program, w hen we have atta ined full range, that is actually stretching th e muscl e. As wee ks pass, this ma ximum range w ill increase, and along with it also the flexibilit y level avai lab le wi tho ut th e system (post wa rm-up and pre-stretching) w ill increase. Th e object is to both stretch and to lea rn re laxat ion. 3) Lea rning relaxa ti on is part of some currentl y popular yoga. It is ce rtainl y a poss ible means of development of flex ibility. I ca n hardl y recommend adopti on of such a philosophical and phys ical program just to p ro mote gym nast ic progress howeve r .

23

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CROSS HATCH GYMNASTIC ART By Dan Cragg

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Mrs. Renee P. Hendershott 17605 Fries Avenue

Lakewood, Ohio 44107

NEWS Renee ~endershott_ Women s ______ _

'N NOTES Co.ordinating _ edrtor ____ _

SHE FLEW AWAY TO NEVER NEVER LAND Renee P. Hendershott

If you haven't seen Cathy Rigby M ason in Peter Pan, you shou ld p lan to go. She is darling! The show is not rea ll y that gymnasti ca ll y oriented, but it is quite clever how the choreog rap her has wo rked in a littl e gymnasti c, here and th ere to enhance the w hole show. Th ey quite cl eve rl y turned a fram ework of bones into a d isquised set of uneve n ba rs, which Peter Pan used to knock off a dozen hei ty pirates .

Th e entire show is done in pantomime, and I must say Cathy is rea ll y good at it. The voices are on tape.

Somehow, w hen I sa w her flying off into space, Ihad a di st inct urge to cry . I'm not sure i f it was sadness or joy ... guess a littl e bit of both. Sadness because a great little gymnast has retired from the gymnasti c community .. .. happin ess beca use she is maki ng creative use of her ba ckground and not turning completely away from gymnast ics. She is free now .... just enjoying mov ing .. . no score to worry about.

I think th ere is something to be lea rn ed from Cathy .... and that is .... you can ' t go on foreve r being an Ol ympian at anything ... . and when you do reti re, you shouldn ' t throw it all away in bitterness, but use w hat you have lea rn ed as a background for the thin gs yo u do in late r life. Right now she is using it al l to be a rea ll y super Peter Pan. Who knows what it w ill lead her to next?

26

PASS THE DGWS TEST or

Instant Insanity

Ju st to explain -- I got into this " bus iness" of judging very innocently by vo luntee ring one hou r a week to teach balle t to the high school gymnastic club. " Sweetheart," th e coach, suggested, " Why don ' t you take a judging class? It started last night in Waterway, just 40 mil es away round trip! "

Why not? -- The four kid s can fare pretty well for themselves, my husband travels a lot - he wouldn 't miss me, the hou se and the dog cou ld do without me one night a week -- so away we go.

I didn 't know what an adventure I was getting into. The first shock was to lea rn that al l but two of us in the cla ss were champion gy~nasts and / or coaches - (a ya m i-what?). Shock #2 - As the cl ass starts, " Teach" hands out four books to all latecomers and matter-o f-factly states, " M emori ze these. " I thought (a t this point) that she was kidding. I rea li ze now, she wasn ' t. Not only do yo u memori ze every page of these books, yo u also memorize the covers, page numbers (for instant references) and the year published and by whom. (Plus what kind of glue is used in the binding.)

The classes were informative, and cha lleng ing. The coaches were sure I was a Total Idiot (a tuck-a-what?) and "T~ach" had the patience of a sa int. Like th e night one of the gals in the class brought in a bask et of apples. We all got the gigg les trying to judge between bites, and there were accusations of spiked app les. The outcome of al l th is was that we were all off on our judging, so I learned that frame of mind has a lot to do w ith consistency.

After two and one-ha lf months " Teach " informs us that THE TEST w ill .be in two weeks. Instant Panic -- That is just one week before Christmas. You have to be kidding me!! How do you remember all of this; cram what you don 't know and remember that Aunt Minnie likes size 10 purple knee socks for Christmas, and " Please, no cookies w ith nuts, this year!!" Should I take THE TEST, or wait?

For after two and one-half months, I had forgotten what the kids looked like, my husband had forgotten what I looked like, and the dog thought I was a stranger'. Reason? -­Every free minute was spent studying. Evenings were spent locked in my room to study, I fold ed clothes to the rhythm of Floor Ex musi c, I ran the sweeper only the long way of the room , (so the beam routine footwo rk wou ld fit). I almost broke my hand trying to do a glide kip w ith my fingers around a knitting needle, and as for vaulting - forget it I'm too old and my middle age spread won't allow me to manage it over the ceder chest. HELP!! !

"Sweetheart" assure's me that I shou ld take THE TEST - she's sure I' ll pass - (I'm sure I won't) and the coaches in the class just look at me in disgust, (a sa ito is what?)

Then my son puts in his 2¢ worth - " Mom, you have to have a positive att itude!" How many times I've said this to him, I was hearing my own words.

One more class then THE TEST. What questions need answering? -- Should I go? -­Real panic takes ho ld - - " Stick with it" . I say to myself, " You have spent too many.hours on the freeway to give it up now! "

GYMNAST Mar. '74

I wa lked into that last class comp letely bew ildered. What was I, a middle age, retired bal[et teacher, doing here With all these yo un g, good look ing, trim coaches. Th ey kn ow th e technique of different tri cks, I'm still trying to keep th e names straight. I as k questions, (a windy is what?), they get bored - - OH, DO I NEED HELP!

Then sa lva tion - the bes t Chri st mas present I cou ld have, -- " Teach" in forms us th at th e test didn ' t come so we couldn 't take it until late in January and th en on ly the w ritten part. What a relief. Someone lifted the weight of th e wo rld off my shoulders, AND EVERY BIT OF INFORMATION I HAD STUDIED SO HARD FOR OUT OF MY BRAI N. Now I'm convi nced I'm a total idiot ....

After a M erry Christmas and a Happy New Year, the ch ildren decide that "Mom's Tes t" is a famil y project ... How else will we all get to go to the Olympics? A small tape recorder is purchased and eve ry bit of information on bars is read in to the tape. My #1 daugher ca n " repeat by rote" all the deduct ions on unevens because where-ever we went in the car, the " unevens on tape" went w ith us. My #2 daughter can rattl e off all superior moves on the beam and neutral d edu ct ion s for fall s etc., because this was her ass ignment, and #3 daughter (age 6) knows vault values backwards and forwards. As for my son, his job was moral e. He sure worked hard, but the tightness in my chest just would not go away. Fear sta rted to take hold aga in .

I ate supper to questions fired by th e children. The #3 daughter, followed by the dog, followed me everywhere constantly ask ing " Bent hip straddle?" etc., etc., etc. It was like a parade. I even kept a f lash li ght and " THE BOOKS" under the bed , so if I couldn't sleep, I could try to study. M y husband ignored us all.

Test night arrives. (Instead of b less ing our eve ning mea l, my children all say a heart- felt prayer to St. Jude, " Mom has to get help from somewhere!")

We, coaches included, were apprehensive about that test. The tension in th e test room was so th ick someone shou ld ha ve posted a " High Vo ltage" sign in the doorway. I was beg inning to feel a littl e sill y, until I looked up and saw ot hers dancing w ith their feet only, " Please don' t leave you r seat", making fi gures in th e air, "No talkin g please" , o r figuring on the desk top w ith their fingers, " No scratch paper allowed " . If I could only sta nd on my head, I 'm sure I cou ld figu re out that answer. (We should have taken thi s test as a fa mily -- I'm sure we cou ld pass.) Hones tl y - even in coll ege I never had an exam as tough and as ex hausting as this DGWS test. It was like going for a Ph. D. in'only 3 mo nths.

We have to wa it eight weeks for th e results. " Get SO me practice. " I tel l myself, so weekends are f ill ed w ith judging meets. I even practice on the T.V. sports shows. At the bi ggest meet of the yea r, I'm wa iting for my ca ll to judge and " Sweetheart" co mes bouncing acro ss the gym, followed by someone I didn 't know, with " Teach " hot on her hee ls. TEST RESULTS WERE BACK. Are yo u ready for this? -- I missed m y rating by two points. Ohhhhh !! ! "Mom, you have 136 girls to judge toda y - forge t th at rating for now - we ' ll try aga in ."

Do yo u think " Teach" wi ll let me take the cl ass aga in ? Next test is in April! Can the famil y make it through another " Holiday with DGWS?" Try aga in, w hy not. After all, I'm just a beginner.

By the way, what is th e deduction for a girl w ith a co ld having to w ipe her runny nose in th e middle of a ~I oo r I:x!

27

LET'S TAKE A SPIN ••. PART II Renee P. Hendershott

Last month we worked o n balancing and placement while on one toe. We discussed the many different positions in which the lifted foot ca n be placed du rin g a turn, and worked on some exercises for developing balance and a sense of proper weight transfer necessary in preparation for a controlled turn.

Consider your bod y as ha ving an imag inary line runnin g through its center from top to bottom . Let us call this line your longitud inal axis. When you do a pirouett e, then, you are spin ning around your lo ngitudinal axis.

What you do w ith you r arms and legs during a turn w ill determine the speed of the turn. Turns done in arabesq ue or other positions where the lifted leg is he ld extended or sli ghtly bent , but away from the working (support) leg are naturally , lower turn> than ones in which the lift ed leg i; held close to the other leg (toe dt knee or ankle of support leg). These types of turns can be speeded up by putting more energy into th e push off. .. but then there is a greater possibility of losing body ali gnment. Becau se you must balance longer during a slow turn or push off harder to make the turn faster (and take the chance of los ing p lacement under st ress), these turns are more difficult.

On the other hand, since th e pirouettes with the li fted leg in a position such as passe (ret ire .. toe at knee of support leg), are faster turns, it is easier to do a double or triple turn with less pu sh off power. Since the turns go faster, it is not necessary to stay in balance as long.

We have all seen ice skaters start w ith a slow spin and change it to an extremely fast one. This is done by bringin g the arms and legs close to the longitudinal axis of the body. Dancers use their arms to some extent in controlling the speed of certain turns. They start w ith the arm s away from the body, bring them in close (arms are considered close if they are over the head in a vertical position or curved and close to the body in any other position) during th e releve and turn , and, finally separate them as they stop. I do not wish to overemph asize the use of one's arms for turns, because i t is possible to do a perfect ly good turn with the arms tied behind the back! Arms are NOT to be swung like baseball bats to get yo u around!. ... only to control speed!

We will discuss specif ic positions of arms and legs when we learn about specific turns; however, before we go into this, yo u must lea rn about "spotting" ... or focus ing. The purpose of spotting is to allow you to remain completely oriented in space during the turn. To exemp lify the importance of space orientation, let us suppose our gymnast is on the beam: She is going to execute a one and one half pirouette on one foot. Following the turn she wi ll immediately perform a front walkover. She must be able to stop the turn exactly where she wishes to . Otherwise ,he may end up stepping r ight ou t into ;pace instead of into the frollt walkover. Spotting simpl y allows the eyes to be sti ll and focused on the point of termination throughout all but th e sli ghtest moment during the turn . It is used in jumps with turnsaswell as pirouettes on the floor or the beam.

Spotting is rea lly quite simple: As you begin turn ing, leave the head behind (eyes focused in front of you where you began the turn) (Fig. #1 & 2) When your body has gone around far enough so that you must turn your head, SNAP it around very quickly to focus on the same spot (F ig. #3). Your body wi ll get there after your head arrives. (Fig. #4)

28

SPOTTING

Quick snap from 2-3

Fig. 5: 5th position

Fig. 6: Point to 2nd position ... arms open.

Fig. 7: Prepare in 4th ... If turning to left, put left arm forward and right to side. At beginning of turn the left arm opens to the side.

Fig. 8: Turn to left. Head is beginning the quick snap toward front again. Arms close. It would be natural to turn the support leg in as one releves. This tendancy must be fought!

Fig. 9: Note that support leg remains turned out. This is difficult and is a thing which demands concentration at first.

Fig. 10: Spot completed ... Back should be straight!

Fig. 11 : When right arm gets to this position it stays. The body opens away from it. Left leg should be more turned out.

Fig. 12: The left arm opens to stop the turn. Notice the gymnast is still on her toe at completion of turn.

Pirouette en dehors

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig.10

If you w ish to do a ha lf turn or a one and one half turn , you use a sli ght ly different technique. Before the first half turn, turn the head in the d irection of th e turn , one ha lf rotation (Fig. #3). The body will follow to comp lete the half turn. If you are doing a one and one half turn, continue in th e same direction with the body, but leave the head behind as in Fig. #2 and follow through as in Fig. #3 and #4 one and one half turn, then would be like Fig. 3,4,2,3,4. If you w ish to do a double turn, simply go through Fig. 1,2,3,4, and then 2, 3, and 4 (spot twice). Be careful that you do not tilt the head or dip one shou lder while trying to spot.

All turns on o ne foot fall into one of two categories: The turn is termed "outward" (en dehors) when it is done by turning to the right on the left toe, or to the left if on the right toe. It is termed , " inward" fen dedansl w hen it is to the right ON the right toe, and vice versa .

Th e first turn we will look at is a pirouette en dehors. Fig. #7 illustrates the position taken just prior to the push off for the turn. Ballet dancers, in practicing the turn, take a fifth position as shown in Fig. #5, then point to the side as in Fig . #6 as a preparation for getti ng into this position. The gymnast wi ll get there by other means. Examples of movements which would Idnd you

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

Fig. 11 Fig, 12

in the pushoff position (Fig. #7) are back handspr ing step out, front handspring step out, back layout step out, or any simple movement such as a sma ll lunge which wi ll put one foot in front of the other in fourth position (Fig. #7).

In practice, the ballet dancer will land in fifth position or fourth pos iti on, depending upon the exercise. Th e gymnast may wish to follow the turn with an acrobatic or other dance move. If, for examp le, she wishes to do a front wa lkover after the turn , she keeps the leg that was up during the turn lifted and leads over wit h that leg. (Fig. #13, 14, 15,16). She will land out of the wa lkover on the leg that was up during the turn.

Although exceeding ly difficult, the ideal method would be to come out of the turn still on the toe and bend immediately forward for the walkover without the support hee l ever coming down. Practically speaking, if the gymnast can manage to land the turn on the support foot in a slight plie, and then lead over with the lifted leg in good form, she is doing well.

If the gymnast can do it in the idea l manner as illustrated, this is a combination of very high value on beam. This is not to say that if she does an turn and puts the lifted foot down to step

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Fig. 4

into the next skil l there will be a deduction! She may have other combinations in her routin e of high va lue which compensate.

What kind of turn shou ld you do? In a good floor or beam exercise, not all the same kind of turns should be used. There should be inward and outward turn s, and turns with the li fted leg close to the longitudinal ax is (such as in passe or with toe at ank le) and ones w ith the lifted leg away from this asis (arabesque and attitude turns).

A beginner wi ll find outward arabesque and attitude turns much easier than in ward ones, and th e turn s with the lifted foot at th e ankle simpler than w ith it at the knee.

When executing an arabesque or attitude

GYMNAST Mar. '74

Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22

Fig. 26

turn, the li fted leg shou ld be placed at a height which the gymnast can HOLD. As you notice in the i ll ustrations, the gymnast does not have a high arabesque or attitude ... but she DOES hold her lift ed leg well locked into place, throughout the entire turn. Many gymnasts kick the ir legs up at the beginn ing of the turn and immediately drop them or their backs as the turns proceed. This throws them off balance and they cannot finish the turn with contro l. So, the gymnast must know her own strength and p lace the leg where she knows she can hold it.

There are many variations of all of these turns, some with the arms in any number of sty li zed positions, others w ith the back qu ite

Fig. 13: Turn ends ON TOE!

Fig. 14: Lifted leg leads over into walkover. Angle between back and extended leg should be closer to a right angle here.

Fig. 15 : Heel never comes down

Fig. 16: Push from pointed toe with leg straight

PIROUETTE EN DEDANS

Fig. 17: 5th position

Fig. 18: Point to front 4th

Fig. 19: Plie on front leg. Left arm front, right to side.

Fig. 20: Open right leg to side .... plie a bit deeper on left leg. Open left arm to side.

Fig. 21: Body will swing a bit to left even before rei eve as right arm closes in. Slight sickle.

Fig. 22: Head begins snap. Note position of support ankle. Weight must be equa lly distributed on ALL toes.

Fig. 23: Toe should remain in close to support leg.

Fig. 24: Spot completed.

Fig. 25: Turn ends on toe.

OUTW ARD ARABESQUE TURN

Fig. 26: Prepare in 4th position. (Back should be straight)

Fig. 26: Open right arm and body will begin rotating to right.

Fig. 27: Releve and close left arm (This turn can actually be done all th e way around with arms open for a nice slow turn).

Fig. 28: Spot

Fig. 29: Spot complete

Fig. 30: Arms open to slow turn. Notice that leg stays at same height throughout turn.

OUTWARD ATTITUDE TURN

Fig. 31: Prepare in 4th position

Fig. 32: Open left arm .. . close right arm ... body swing to left just before push off.

Fig. 33: Arms vertical for quick turn.

Fig. 34: Spot complete

Fig. 35: Arms open to slow turn

arched and head back, and some like the Leaning Tower of Pi za such as in the advanced level USGF/ OGWS floor exercise rout ine! Then let us not forget the many jazz style turns with the support knee bent. When done on toe, they are equa lly as difficult as those turns with a stretched support leg.

No matter what var iety or sty le of turn you do, remember, first you must be able to ba lance in that position, and second, you must fo llow the sa me rules of ballet p lacement discussed in Part I last month.

Note: Models are Miss Pam Harris of Rocky River High School and Miss Holly Harris, a student of Bodner Bell World of Gymnastics.

29

OL YMPIAD CLUB - Newark, Delaware

On March 22 and 23, 1974 the Olympiad Gymnast ic Club and the University of Del awa re w ill co-spo nsor the 1974 U.S.G.F. National Women's El it e Gymnastic Competit ion at th e Delawa re Field House in Newark, Delaware.

The Olympiad Gymnastics Club, a non-profit corporat ion , was es tabli shed in 1967 by its founder Ed Knepper. The Olympiad logo apt ly demonstrates th e guiding philosophy of th e club. Th e hexagona ll y shaped patch depicts th e school 's individua lity and its des ire to radi ate into th e lives of all ent husias ti c you ngsters. Th e four circl es w ithin the design are of increasing diameter, thus demonstrating th e long and tedious developmental period that is necessa ry to produce a champion gymnas t. The largest and culminating circ le encloses the fu ll y developed, competing, boy and girl gymnast. Blue and w hite are the predominant co lors and symboli ze streng th and virtue wh ich are th e desirab le traits of any champion.

The Ol ympiad Club lost little tim e in achieving national and internati onal statu s w ith th e acceptance of an invitati on to perform in the International Exposition '67 in Montreal , Canada. ~rom that tim e hence it has been a string of notable successes w ith many

exhib iti ons and appearan ces throughout th e United States and other Internat ional Exposition acceptance to perform as a part o f Expo '74 in Spokane, Washington during th e summer of '74.

A hi gh ly oriented competiti ve club, the Ol ympiad has been extreme ly successful in producing four girls and one boy who have achieved national prominence in th e gymnastics world. Gail Hannan, a graduate of Brandywi ne High School and now a member of th e University of Massachusetts women 's gymnast ics tea m ach ieved nati onal honors by placing ~eco nd in vaulting at th e Junior National Championships in Fresno, Ca liforn ia. Kim Bell ew, a sophomore at Mt. Pl esant Sen ior High School placed fourth in va ulting through two National Championships during 1973. Marcy Levine, an Bt h grader at Forwood Jr. High Schoo l has just begun her climb to th e national arena by competing quite admirab ly in th e 1973 Nat iona l U.S.G.F. Championships in Denver, Colorado. The only boy to have exce ll ed has been Jeffrey Kn epper, an Bth grader at Springer J r. High School and presentl y under th e lUtelage of Mr. Dave Hirst of Brandywine High School. Howeve r, Jan

Anthony, a sophQ.~ore at Brand yw ine High School has achieved the greatest eminence by placing sixth in vaulting in th e 1972 U.S.G.F. Jr. Na tionals, eighth all-around in th e 1973 AAU Championsh ips and capped an outstanding yea r by placing 25th all-around throu gh the U.S.G.F . National Elite Championships in Seatt le, Wash ington.

A winning team and a winning coach go hand in hand and so the Olympiad has begun to attra ct ce lebrities from o th er countri es who w ish to ga in some of the sk ill , technique, and knowledge that has proven so important on th e international scene, thus Grace Goodhue of Montreal , Canada and a member of th e Canad ian National Team has moved in with Mr. Knepper 's famil y to train for th e 1973/ 74 yea r. A lso, a prominent British team wil l pay th e Olympiad a two week training visit in April of 1974.

*** Olympiad Gym Club

MANNETTES by Ken Friedman

Th e Man nette 's Gym Club Inc., o ne o f the on ly priva te wo men's el.it e gymnast ics cI ubs in a comp letely urban situat ion: downtown Philad elph ia, is d escr ibed by coach Gin nyCocQ as " on ly a sma ll drop in th e bucket compared to ot her larger organ iza tions."

Yet thi s club is perhaps one of the better known in the nati o n with Ol ym pian Joan Moore Rice, e li te compet ito rs A nn Ca rr , Shell y Bi er and the Ca ntwe ll sisters (Ja net and Susan) to their credit. Yet Bill and Gi nny Coco have a

Junior Mannettes

som ewhat different philosophy an d dpproach to gy mnas ti cs than o th er coaches.

~ o r the Cocos, gym na sti cs is " not a seven dd y a week, fifty-two week ex peri ence. It is a full tim e profession, but it i, no t all cons umin g. W e do beli eve th ere are other thin gs in not onl y o ur li ve" but in o ur student> ' li ves .I S we ll. "

~ or this reason, at the Man nette's, it may take a yea r or two longer to d evelo p into d top leve l co mpetitor than at other clubs because, dS Mrs. Coco exp lains "We are building human beings f irst; champio nship athl etes second ."

"That's not to say we don 't requ ire lo ts of hours and hard work; so does every othe r top coac h." Th e Cocos also take into account the frustrations of each gymnas t. " W e try to dddpt our teaching and coac hin g techniques to w hdt is th e bes t way for each gi rl to leMn a pdrticul dr skill, " added Mrs. Coco.

Th e girls o n th e Mannett e's ge t no special pri vileges; no half days dt schoo l o r exemption from gym class. " We make th em dWdre of outside responsibiliti es, " acco rding to Mrs. Coco. "No matter w hat yo u do in life, you hdve to learn how to regulate yourse lf and your priorities. It would be too fru strating to Hill and myself to be so involved if we didn 't have anything else."

Part of thi s outside interest includes two children, aged fo ur and fi ve, and a dog. (A t thi s point in th e teleph one co nversa tion, Mrs. Coco took t ime out to complim ent one of th e ktd s o n hi s lates t mas terpi ece - a tinker toy bird ).

Th e fact that th e Cocos are so fam il y or iented is the main reason they do no t have a Christmds clini c. "We do have mee ts around Easte r and Th ank sgiving, but we fee l Chri stmas is a time to be w ith th e famil y."

(Guest Ed. cont from pg. 19) tea m bea tin g <lI1other by .0 '1 or ,001 01 d point. (Small electr ic co mputer, cou ld be used to great advantage here) . On e ,e t 0 1 sco res lor all levels would ce rtdinl y d istin gui, h th e d ili e l ences be twee n the elit e, Illediocre <l nd beg inner {lass ilic<lt iom. (Co lllpdre th e e lite lour m illu te mil e run <1 5 cOlllpdred w ith th e beg inn er ', mi le 01 , IX Illinutes). In this Wd Y sc.o res , hou ld be comparable with any others on all levels.

In conclus io n, if we mdke th e judge, ass ignment, redso lhlbl y simp le <Hl d pmsible to perl o rm w ith accurdcy <lI1d re li db il it y we shou ld ha ve Ie» dilficulty in reCl uiting, trdi nlll g, mai ntdin in g, orgdniLin g dnd suppl ying th em <It less expeme. A , a co nc.omitant , JS we le"en th e cOlllpli cd tions by l ed ucing such into simpler tech nique" we sho uld h<l ve J greater und erstalldin g on th e part 0 1 th e conte, tant , th e codch dnd th e publi c and we would be less vu lnerab le to th e pol iti cd l b iased trea tm ent w hether it be locdl, reg io ndl or 0 1 th e int efllJtion JI vari ety. A ll sc ores would be under, lood , reco rded , pecilir:dll y and Ju stiliabl y.

Criti cize thi s i f yo u w ish, but th dt's th e WdY I see it ba sed upon a li fe tim e 01 obse rvdt io n dnd love for th e , PO I t. 1 he b ig hope is tilJt some of th e O ve r-Lo rd , w ill ha ve a chance to redd dnd comider this " tid-bit ". The speciali Ld tio n of judges is not new as we used it in the SJGL for years o n an op ti o nal basis. It was also used in the Bi g Ten. The rai, ing of th e scores to '10 for diff icu lt y, comb ination, and compositi on and 10 for execut ion w ith th e cross multip lica tion resulting in the perfec t ,core of 100 point s, is perhaps new.

Th e Cocos, as o th er coaches, are also WICHITA GYMNASTIC conce rn ed w ith th e future of the United Stat es ACADEMY as a gymnastic power and the politics invo lved Revolutionary new concept for the in judgin g, es peciall y in ternational meets. development of women's gymnastic coaches.

Planned one year curriculum includes ... class " We should be co nsid ered a pushing thred t lectures in anatomy, biomechanics, athletic

as eit her th e second or third best in th e world, injuries, psychology and motivation and but it w ill take m ore than fin e and talen ted more. gymn asts". Politi cking ex ists and it 's a factor in Instruction in judging women's gymnastics. judging. As a nation we ' re moving in the right Complete series of films, movies, and visual

d f b l h h h aids, laboratory experience in spoiling, irection 0 tryin g to esta is a ig er positi o n coaching, management and supervision.

for ou rselves " , sa id Mrs, Coco, • Daily workouts, free live-in dorm

"it 's ve ry hard as a coach to try and bring dn type housing and meals guaranteed. athl ete up in thi s situation, rhe inev itable • Tuition return and income questi o n of 'Why Me!' is always asked . Yet , • Graduate qualifications include ... politi cs ex ists everywhere o n thi s earth and in . Certified national judge all facets of liv ing," added Mrs. Coco. . Judging experience

h k h f h . Superior manipulation and T is yea r mar s t e opening 0 t e spotting ability

Mannette's own faci liti es. Prev io usly, th ey had . Actual coaching experience on been working out in a pub li c recrea tion ce nter. levels beginner through elite " It 's nice to be in a place w here yo u ca n dictate . Gymnastic clinic experience your own hours," com mented Mrs. Coco. . Extensive knowlege in EVERY

h ' h . . aspect of women's gymnastics T e Mannette s ave a competitive prograln . Guaranteed job pface'ment

encompassing three levels: elite, junior-se nior, This program is new, experimental, and and a bad ge (novice) , Th e tea ms work ou t from designed only for those interested in four to seven days a week d epend ing o n th e dedicating themselves to gymnastics. No individuals, howeve r the average is five o r six. previous gymnastic experience required. The club also has a non-competiti ve schoo l Open to men and women. Write for free

brochure and information. program in th e afternoon and Sa turddY WICHITA GYMNASTIC ACADEMY morning. 540 N. Hydraulic

Th e Cocos fee l that the cl ub has "so much to .. Wichita, Kansas offer to children in a city th e size of ~. ~=================~ Phi lade lphia." Yet the scope of the Mannette 's ~ CAMP TSUKARA program . is ph eno menal; it inco rporates a Wl Camp Tsukara located on beautiful Lake radius of thirty miles. G irls come from as fa r t Owen in Cable, Wisconsin. Coed camp away as Wilmin gton , D elaware, New Jersey, 10 starting from age 10. Sessions begin June 23-and Downy town Penn sy lva nia, to be a part of August 17. Contact Jerry Fontana or Mike

Jacki, 400 Glenview Road, Glenview, Illinois, th e Mannette's Gym Club Inc. 60025 ,

But on e ca nnot compare th e minor Coaches Symposium held at Camp Tsukara for inconvenience of a long dri ve to th e obvious teachers and coaches - Aug. 21-25. Top U.S. interes t and sincere co ncerr th e Cocos tak e in off icial s, coaches, compet it ors and

Jacki, Camp Tsukara, Lake Owen, Cabl e,

I ••• ~iiii=;:=i~~=:::ii.i~.~th~e;ir~g;y~m;n~a~s~ts~. administrators. Contact Jerry Fontana or Mike CI ... C.rner.... Wiscons in, 54821.

Swing cont. Irom pg. 'J

th e most unique and d ifficu lt in the wo rld o f sport. 1 he natU/al evo lution of th e " Schw inge l" need no t be arres ted in il'> present stdt e but cou ld easily LOntinu e to evo lve in th e wo rld of swi ng. One 01 our grea tes t Ol ympians, Frank Cum lskey, developed a furt her refin ement in th e horse, that he enjoyed, but has been abandoned in genera l. Hi s sadd leless horse was too lar ahea d 01 il> tilll e. ~wing as we might, we are nonethele,>,> ueature '> w ho are much inllu enced by cu rren t style and confo rmity. 1 he gymnast 's freedom is indeed restr icted in th e Sk innerian ,>em e but th e gymnast above all ath letes has th e b es t chance for surviva l beca use so much of w hat he loves to do is intrinSica ll y enjoyed. Perhaps the ultimate form 01 creative style is the ab ilit y of th e non­co nl o rml st champion to se t a new pace for others. Verd Casla vaska 's crea ti ve omi ss ion 01 th e bdck handsp ring in Mex ico is o ne o f th e best exa mples of thi s phenomenon.

1 he Wisdom 01 the Intern at ional Gymnasti c red erat ion (r .I.G.) ha s produced a most uniqu e progra m in '> port. II'> sw ingful th eme has bridged th e gap between sport dnd art. On ly Iree ska ting and wa ter ba ll et are ,>omewhat co mparab le. In th e next article I shall try to shed some new li ght on the current program of the F.I.G. -----------------Psych. and C.oaching lOn\. irom pg. 1U experi ence I know they care a grea t deal about th e young gymnasts they are training.

Th e experi ence Tom describes was gross indeed and he indicates that " one group" dominated th e warm-u ps. Two full routines plu s troubl e spots in a wa rm-up is obv ious ly extreme and raises some questi ons about trainin g technique as well as moti va tion. It would be interest ing to know how thi s particular group d id in th e competitio n as compared to th e gym nasts w ho did not get a fair crack at the apparatus.

I would hope that Tom does not generalize thi s o ri entati on to al l coaches and although such behav ior reflect s on our ethics it is not th e reason "our elite program is such a rotten political mess" .

Th ere is another place to look for some answers. It wou ld seem that one set of unevens and two bea ms for warm-ups at a meet where th ere are 60 plus national and elite division girl s suggests some real organizat ion and pl anning deficiencies. A meet of thi s size shou ld have ad equate equipment ava il able for th e gymnasts - thi s is mandato ry - and would great ly alleviate some of th e tension tha t lea ds to th e problem Tom describes. In addition, specific wa rm-up tim e on each event should be designated for each group on a rotation basis and this should be monitored by time-keepers. In this way all girl s wou ld get th e deserved warm-up and the kind of cold aggress iveness demonstrated at th e M idwest Open wou ld be mitigated. A nd where was the meet di rector and his staff? If this wa s no t an ti cipated before the meet it sure ly should have been decisive ly dealt with when it arose.

Perh aps our real problem is th at we do not appear to lea rn enough from our own experi ence. It would seem that by now we wou ld have recogni zed the validity of the old adage - " An o unce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" .

Author's Addendum: It should be noted that Mr. Heineike is the past Pres ident of USAIGC and that the current President is Mr. Bartlett. Since no authorship was given for th e articl e quoted I assumed it was that of Tom not the new ly elected president. If I am incorrect, I apologize to both gent lemen.

32

BOOK REVIEW:

OLGA, Her Life and her Gymnastics

128 pp, 80 photographs, 50 drawings $2.95 by Justin Beecham Paddington Press Ltd.

1 his book is primaril y fo r those who can 't get enough of Olga , wh o have an insatiable appetite for seeing new piclures of her and for finding out new fact s about her. Howeve r, it w ill be enjoyed by even those whose admiration for Olga is mo re or less under control.

It is most litting that thi s book should have been Written , for in recent hi story no one has had such an effect upon gymn as ti cs as has Olga. She is responsible for th e ,>urge in membership in gymnastics club ,> and for making women's gymnasti cs p05'> ibl y th e wor ld 's fastest growing sport.

At a recent gymna stic meet, this reviewer saw girls wearing buttons wh ich read, " Thi s is the Gymnastic Generation " . Why now, al l of a sudden? There were great gymnasts in Mexico City; the Soviets have been winning gold medals si nce 1'152. Obviously, the answer is Olga .

Where does Olga co me from! What is her daily routin e! What is the story of her gymnastic development!

Unquest ionably, th e story of Olga must dwell heav il y upon the story 01 th e Soviet sport sys tem and in particular upon her coach. The spo rt sys tem gave her her opportu nity and her rema rkable coach, Rena ld Knysh, made the most of her admirab le qualities. In the book "Olga " we are given an insight into the Soviet sys tem 01 sport school s, particularly as they relate to gymnastics, and an extensive view of th e unique relationship between Soviet coaches and their star pupils. Olga was lucky first th at th ere ex isted a loca l spo rts school in her home town 01 Grodno and second that the senior gymnastic coach, Mr. Knysh, was quick to recognize th e qualities of this tiny eleven yea r old girl who had been brought to hi s att ention. I' rom then on and lor the nex t six years, until Munich, th ey worked together five hours a day, six days a week .

1 hiS specia l relati o nsh ip, at one time coach and pupd, at o th er times li ke lather and daughter, is perhaps the 'most interesting and persona l story brought out in thi s book. O lga has her own apartment right nex t to Kn ysh 's but not lar from her parents'. In her Iree time, when she is not with her parents, she is apt to be helping Mrs. Knysh with their children .

But th ere is not ve ry much free time. Her day at Grodno is di vided between the gymnasium and th e teacher-training college. (She hopes to teach or resea rch hi story). She gets up at about 7 :30 and prepares her own break fast - wh ich usually includes ca tsup. " I:!y eleven o 'clock Olga has already put in two hours 01 so li d training In th e gymnasium. After this she goes to her col lege and studies until lour, when she returns to her apa rtment lor a late lunch: usually a thi ck vegetable soup .. . Th en it is trai ning again , three hours 01 it, from six to nin e. It IS not until she has completed this th at she think s about taking any relaxat ion. I:!ed comes ea rl y by Western sta ndards, around ten­thirt y, aiter tea and some fruit, wh ich is all th e supper she takes."

We are given a good description 01 th e mental and physical qualities that make Olga a grea t ath lete, and in particular, a great gymnast. 1 he author emphasizes th e facts 01 her personality that appealed to Knysh - and to the people and judges at Munich. And he tell s us much about Kn ys h - what he think s, how he coaches, how his lile is bound up with hi s littl e pupil.

It is a non-technical book but there is much in it th at wi ll be of interest to coaches and gymnasts; as ide Irom day-to-day training, their p lann ing for major compet iti ons; the exp lorat io n of new movements and exe rcises lor Olga ; th e determination 01 her st rengths and relati ve wea kn esses so that she may emphaSize tho '>e actions which wi ll show her to best advantage.

1 here is much history too - of gymnastics, 01 the Olympics since ea rliest tim es, 01 Olga 's very personal ups and down in the co ntests of 1970, 1971 , and 1'172 that led to Munich. And there is, of course, th e reli ving of that always-exciting, ever-moving story of Olga in Mun ich .

Finally, of course, the I:!O photographs are a treasure-trove of Olga in all her moods -exu ltant, despairing, p laylu l, attent ive, or ju st rela xed. It is an absorbing book which should be a source of inspiration to young, aspiring gymnasts and a source of interest to all who have any co rinect ion with gymnast ics.

Minot Simons II

BOOKS POSTERS JEWELRY

12 Broadway Ca. 90406

BOOKS SPECIAL PRICE "I WANT GOLD" (Reg. $4.95) 4.50 MAGIC OF GYMNASTICS (Reg. $6.95) 4.95 STILL RINGS SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

(hard Bound Reg. $6.95) 5.50 (Soft Bound Reg. $5.00) 3.95

POSTERS NAKA Y AMA Full Color Poster 23".35"

(Reg. $2.00)

CATHY RIGBY Full Color Poster 23".35"

JEWELRY (Reg. $2.00)

STAG HANDSTAND NECKLACE

1.50

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(The above speci.1 priced it ems are postpaid)

"Olga" may br purchased through The Gym Shop, 412 Broadway, Sa nta Mon ica, CA 90401. Send $2.95 plus 30¢ for postage and hand ling.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

3 GYMNASTIC SUMMER ADVENTURES WOODWARD <iYMNASnCS

CAMP Gymnastics Country Style

LOCATION Thi~ enchanting 130 acre farm wmplex, nestled in beautiful Penns Valley, in centrdl Penml'lvania, oflers a fun-filled country ~tyle vacation for the gymnast, regardle~~ of achievement - beginner> through advanced. 1 he well designed facilities and e~pertly cho~en stalf combined offer the individual gymnast the greate" opportunity to fulfrlling their goals and objectives consistent with their s~ills and talents.

FACILIlIES AND PROGRAMS Excellent indoor and outdoor gymnasium facilities - 1 rampohne> - Crash Pads - Special Dismount PitS - Complete ~polling Equipment -Video lape ~ystem - Him LibrdfY - OlympIC ~ize ~wlmming Pool - A One and 1 hree Meier Board -Instruclion in SWimming and Diving - SpOiling 1 echnique Course

OTHER ACTIVITIES Red Cross life-SaVing and Water ~dfety Instru(tlon - Pholography (with complele photo­lab lacilities) - hlms - Campfires -Coo~outs - Hlke~­A vanety 01 Indoor and Outdoor Recreation and Games - fun (or all!

STAFF Ed Isabelle. Camp DireClor

President, Nallonal Gymna>tics Cenlers Assistanl Coalh. Penn ~Idte University NCAA All Around Champion. Runner Up

John Culbertson Barbar Culbertson Dick Swetman Heidi Armstrong Janet Cantwell Ann Weaver

Terry Spencer

WOODWARD GYMNASTICS CAW Box 93 Woodward. Pennsylvania 1&882 Telephone: 814/349-8343

MAIL TODAY (;YMNASTS UNITEI National Gym_lie: Centers, Inc. "",, crealed three well desianed and eaperlly stalled summer cilmps for )'OU,

the IYmOil"! Whether besinner or Hnnced, join the fun and ildvilnce your ,kllil b)' enrolling in one of these gymn ... • lummer Adventures. Write todoly for )'our color brochure with full detilll' of the cilmp of your choice ... or i1llthreel Or CilII814/349-8343 todilY.

Where Gymnasts Return and Bring Their Friends!

LOCATION located on the nort h shore of long Island, 50 miles from New York City, Ihe 77 acre campus of the Stony Brook S(hool for boys and girl s in an ideal sell ing for the beginning dS well dS the advanced gymnast to rmprove his sk ill s.

fACILITIES AND PROGRAMS Two gymnasiums (workouts rain or sh ine) -Outdoor gymnast ics area - ~our complete sets of men's and wo men's apparatus, including four trampolines and numerous crash pads - Complete safety system (be llS, pUlleys, etc.) - Video tape ~ystem - Leclure demonstl,ltions - Large indoor swimming pool - Lil e saving and water safety instruction - Complete Ked Cross certificalion program - Instrucllon in photography.

OlHf:R ACTIVITUS Tennis Modern dan~e and ballet for gymnasts - 1 nps to nearby points of interest - Arts and craft~ - Hikes - Pool and Billiards - Indoor Recreation and gomes.

SlAH Gary Seibert. Camp Direclor B.S. Lock Have n State College Coach, Hempl leld High S~hool Director, Lancaster Gymnastics School Sue Seibert Bruce Dodd Mrs. Marshall Avener Terry Spencer

And many other instructors and gymnasts of National Caliber

STONY BROOK GYMNASTICS CAMP P.O. Box 593 Stony Brook. Long Island. N.Y. 11790 Telephone: 814/349-8343

516/751- 1800

LOCATION

CATALINA ISLAND

GYMNASTICS CAMP

Gymnasts' Island Adventure

This new Catahna Gymnastics Camp provides a unique summer advenlure lor the gymnast. Surrounded by rugged hills and pounding surf, Catalina Island is localedjusltwenty-six mHesoh the coast 01 Los Angeles. lis unbeatable weather allows for an ideal oUldoor summer vacation for the gymnast. Stafled wllh lap gymnast:. and experienced coaches Irom all parts of the nation, the. camp oliers e~pert Inslruction in correct techniques and skills lor all men 's and women'> Olympic events. FACILITIES & PROGRAMS Two complete sets of men's and women's Olympic apparatus - Indoor Dance Studio -Trampolin .. , - Crash Pads - SpOiling Belts - A I argf' Scenic Beach - Canteen - A well stocked Camp Store to meel the need" of the gymnast in equipment and supplies as well as the needs 01 Ihe Skin Diver Gymnasts' programs encompass the needs of beginner through Ihose of the advanced gymn,lst. OTHER ACTIVITIES Skin Diving - Red Cross certified life-saving programs - Tennis - Volleyball- Hiking -Campfires­Cookouts - Glass-bottom Boat Trips - Flying Fish Boat Trips - And More! STAFF Michael Kasavana, Camp Director

Assistant Women',Coach, Univ. of Massachusetts 1973 AIAW National Intercollegiate Team

Champions Margie Combs Jon Hardy Robert Koenig Terry Spencer

Steve Lerner Diane Cantwell Jo-An Hashimoto Yamauchi Glenn Sundby

CATALINA ISLAND GYMN ASTICS CAMP

P.O. Box 17&& Santa Monica. Calif. 90406 Telephone: 213/451-4211

.-------------'------------------, Woodward Gymnastic Camp 0 Woodward Camp Box 93 Woodward, Pa. Woodward, Pennsylvania 16BB2 8141349-8343

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MY VACAliON PlAN~ AR~ ~OK TH~ W~~K(S) m

o June 14th 10 July 1st 0 July 22nd to July 29th o July 1st 10 July 81h OJuly 29th to Augu,t Sih o July 81h to July 151h OAugu't Sih to Augu" 12th OJuly 151h 10 July 12nd OAugust 121h 10 August 191h

o August 191h to Augu" 2blh

Plea~c send lunhel Information

L Beginner Intermediate Advanced .J

----------- ------------------------------GYMNAST Mar. '74 33

For Expert Gymnastic Instruction Enroll at the

SOKOL USA GYMNASTIC SCHOOL SOKOL WOODLANDS,

Barryville, N.Y.

STAFF The schoo l is directed by Milan Trnka, Assistant Professor of Health and Physical Education at West Chester State College in Pennsylvania, one of the largest physical education schools in the country. In addition to teaching all the major men's gymnast ic courses, he is head gymnast ic coach of the North Atlantic Gymnastic Conference team champ ion s Also, Steve Banjak, Ass istant Professor of Health and Physical Education at Slippery Rock State Co llege in Pennsylvania .

The teaching staff w ill be comp rised of outstanding coaches and col lege competitors able to instruct at all levels of abil ity.

ENROLLMENT $110.00/ week. I ncl udes 21 meals, seven nights lodging, use of all SOKOL WOODLANDS facilities, and accident insurance coverage. Enrollment is limited to those 10 years of age and o ld er. Further information wi ll be sent upon receipt of your application .

Gymnastic classes are held 6 full days.

Due to the unavailability of gas on Sunday, reg istrat ion wi ll be on Saturday.

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34

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GYMNAST Mar. '74

GYM NAST SCOREBOARD

1974 TITAN INTERSTATE GYMNASTICS INVITATIONAL

by Ken Allen

U.S. Air Force Academy turned out to be the first place learn althe third annual Tital lnterstate Gymnastics Invita tional. California State University at Chico was second and host University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh was third.

The meet was held in the spaciou s Kobert M. Kolf I' ield Hou se on the UW-Oshkosh campus.

Th e original intent of this invita tional was to invi te teams which were from the five-state area around Wisconsin, learns that were compariable to ours. This year, we expa nded the meet a bit more when Air Force expressed an interest, and then Chico's coach was looking for a good reason to travel back to the Mid-West.

As it turn ed out, it was a close meet all the way with Air force being the most consistent.

finals were helf for the top eight individual s in each event.

We are contemplating going to a twelve team entry next year and conducting the preliminaries olympic style with six events running si multaneously. Tea m Air Force - 146.60; Cal. State (Ch ico) - 147.10; UW­Oshkosh -1 44.85; UW-M adison -141.85 ; Western Michigan - 139.70; Wheaton College - 139.70j Mankato Stat e - 137.50; Ea stern Michigan - 130.25. All -A round Dave Watt (Wheaton) - 46.65; Mark O 'Malley (West Mich) - 46.65; Tim Niles (C hico) - 46.50; John Tomich (~ i r Force) - 48.40; Bob Harden (Chico) - 47.45. FX: Gary Buckman (Chico) - 9.000; Ron Hanson (UW-O ) - 6.675; Del H untsinger (E.Mi ) - 6.625; Mark O'Malley (W. Mi) - 6.625. V : John Tom ich (AF ): - 9.225; Gary Buckman (Chico) - 9.125; Jim Paquett e (AF) - 9.075. PH : Mike Felske (UW-M) - 6.575; Todd Walker (Wheaton) - 7.900; Larry Garrett (AF) - 7.650. PB : Bill Waddell (W. Mi ) - 9.050; Mike Kava nagh (UW-O) - 9.000; Steve Krone (Mankato) - 6.725. SR: Tim Niles (Chico) - 9.075; Kelly Oilman (Mankato) - 9.025; Bruce Edstrom (AF) - 6.975. HB: Jim Paquette (AF) - 9.200; Robert Harden (Chico) - 9.100; Don Legun (Mankato) - 8.925.

YORKTOWN INVITATIONAL

Team Scores DeWitt Clinton H.S. - 92.10; Ea st Brunswick H.5.-90.80; Yorktown H.S. - 78.65; Lakeland H.S. -73.85; Cicero H.S. - 73.25.

Indi vidual Scores H8: J. Vecchio (Cicero) - 8.75; P. Genovese (Ramapo) - 8.30;). Rudolph (D. Clinton) -7.80. FX: F. Corbett (Cicero) - 8.45; K. Nasveschul (E. Bruns) - 8.45; M. Gaertner (E. Bruns) - 8.10. PH: G. Roberta (Mt. Vernon) - 6.65; K. Nasveschuk (E. Bruns) - 8.30; ). Rudolph (D. Clinton) - 7.95. PB : A. Kwiatkowsk i (E. Brunswick ) - 8.55; A. Silver (Lakeland) - 8.35; ). Baker (D. Clinton) - 8.20. SR : T. Van Gorder (Yorktown) - 8.05; P. Sanchez (D. Clinton) - 7.75; C. Va len tine (D. Clinton) - 7.75. V: T. Woh lverg (York town) - 9.25; M. Gaertner (E. Brunswick) - 9.10; ). Rudolph (D. Clinton ) - 8.75.

Wi nning Routines

Horizonta l Bar: Joe Vecchio (Cicero H.S.) 8.75: High start, fronts, hop roll eag les, hop out, forwards, straddle over bar - blind ca tch behind back, lop out, kip, rears, toe on toe off, stoop onto bar, solecirde front off. Floor Exercise - Ken Nasveschuk (East Brunswick) 8.45: R.O. flip flop full , y, turn sweadish fall to split, stiff-ftiff press, SlOOp down, cartwheel piked side, cartwheel pirouette, back extension Y2 turn, roll out, dive back handsta nd, handspring, front somi, hanspring step out turn, R.O. flip flop, back piked. Frank Corbett (Cicero H.5.) 8.45: R.O. flip fl op fu ll, J/6 turn, straight arm back extension roll , stem down, split, st iff-stiff press, back pirouette, R.O. flip flop Yl turn , front handspring, fall V1 turn , va ldez, front handspring-front piked , forward roll-back somi, y, turn, R.O. flip flop back piked. Pommel Horse - George Roberta (Mt. Vernon H.S.) B.6s: Jump circle, loop around, hop front in , immediate back out, back stock Ii-up, circle, moore. rear sc issor. 2 front sc issors, circle side lift down, walkaround, loop swabenflanke. Parallel Bars - Albert Kwiatkowski (East Brunswick H.S.) 8.55: Cast catch, st raddle cut L, hollowback, SIUI Z, drop peach , front uprise, swing pirouette, cast, back uprise, straddle cut, layaway front uprise, front off. Still Rings - Tom Van Gorder (Yorktown H.S.) BAS: Dislocate shoot handstand, back ro ll ront lever, pull out, inloca te, back uprise, kip L, hollowback, lower to cross, L cross, st raight arm pull out, double back. Long ;Horse Va ult - Todd Wohlberg (Yorkt6wn H.S.) 9.25: Yamas hita - rar end.

GYMNAST Mar. '74

TITAN INVITATIONAL

VIKING INVITATIONAL N ILES NORTH HIGH SCHOOL

)AN UARY 5, 1974

Trampoline: Tom Wanberg (New Trier East) -8.10; Larry liechtenstein (Niles Eas t) - 8.10; Paul Martin (Mundelein) - 7.75. Side Horse: Mike Burk e (Niles East) - 7.50; Kevin Harvey (forest View) - 7.15; ea l Slier ( iles Eas t) - 6.55. Floor Exercise: SCOII Goldman ( iles North ) -8.25; SCO Il Harriso n (N iles East, - 8.00; ea r Sher (Niles East) - 7.90. High Bar: Near Sher {N il es East } - 8.40; Ron Kuhlman (Addison) - 7.60; Gary Siegel (Niles Eas t) - 7.55. Para llel Bar: Nea l Sher (N iles Ea st) - 6.05; Tom Ware (Addison Trail s) - 7.60; Greg Wolflick ( il es North) - 7.55. Rings : Steve Kozub (N iles East) - 8.40; Tom Ware (Addison Trail s) - 8.3sj Mike Lecla ir (Mundelein ) -6.05. All -A round: Neal Sher (Ni les East) - 36.35; Scott Goldman (Ni les orth) - 34.35 ; Tom Ware (Add ison Trail ) - 33.20.

Team Standing: N il es East- 107.50; Addison Trail-73.00; Nil es North - 64.50.

M U LES M I SSOUR I HI GH SCH OOL INVITATIONAL

Centra l Mi ssouri State University hosted a gymnast ics meet ofr Missouri high school students. It was the Mules Missouri High Schoo l Invitat iona l Gymnasti cs Meet on December 1, 1973. There were approximately forty-five individuals and three tea ms competing. Tea m: Mehlville High School - 82.75; Fox High 5choo l-79.25; Hel culaneum I l igh school-73.65.

A ll A round: Eric Jaycox (Mehl vi lle) - 41.55; Clayton Price ( ormancy) - 39.10; Brian Zeitler (Fox ) - 35.1 0. Floor Exercise : Eric Jaycox - 13.20; Clayotn Price -12.80; Joe Bell - 10.65. Pommel Horse: Eric Jaycox - 17.05; C1a ylOn Price -9.95; Brya n Zeitler - 9.00. Still Rings: Eric Jaycox - 15.00; Brya n Zeitler -14.40; Claylon Price - 12.10. Va ulting: Clayton Price - 16.40; M ike Burlage -15.70; Bryan Zeitler - 15.30. Para llel Ba rs: Eric Ja ycox - 17.00 ; Claylo n Price -15.60; Bryan Zeitler - 12.35. Ho rizontal Bar : Clayton Pri ce - 11.10; Bryan Zeitler - 10.55; [ric Jaycox - 8.75.

SECOND LONG ISLAN D GYMNASTIC CHAMPIONSHIP

December 1, 1973 Northport H.S. Team Standing: Suffo ld (Section 2 - 156.25; Nassau Section 8 - 144.41. All-A round: Bob Farb (O cea nside) - 51.80; Dave Ruddock (Brentwood) - 42.50; John Goodman (Brentwood ) - 41.05; Sk ip Zimmer (Whitman) -36.65. Free Exercise: Bob Farb (O cea nside) - 8.85; John Goodman (Brentwood) - 8.75; John Forsha y (Ga rden Cit y) - 8.20; Mike Silverstein (Connsquot) - 8.10. Pommel Ho rse : Dave Kulakoff (Massapequa ) -7.65; Tom Krastel (East Islip) - 6.45; Chris Gleasan (N. Babylon) - 5.00; Tom Ferdinand (Gard en City) - 4.9. Still Rings: Larry Farone (N. Babylon ) - 8.95; Skip Zimmer (Whitman) - 6.95; Randy Cseh (E. Islip) -8.55; Jan Coco (Baldwi n) - 7.05. Vault : John Goodman (Brentwood) - 8.95; John f orshay (Garden Cit y) - 8.65; larry Farronc (N .B.) -

412 Broadway

8.50; M att Heaphy (Comack ~o.) - 8.40. Parall el Bars: Bob Farb (Oceanside) - 8.50; Mike Sil verstein (Co nn.) - 8.05; Dave Ruddock (Bren t. ) -7.8; Eric Ernst (Ward Milville) - 7.75. Horizontal Bar : Tom Patton (N. Babylon) - 8.05; Paul Tellari co (Glenn) - 6.65; Bob Hammond (l ocus! Valley) - 6.25; Roy Danis (O cea nsi de) -6.10.

Bob Farb - O cea nside H.S. - Routi nes FX: Two Steps, RO, n, Doubl e full twist, back handspring stepout, half turn, full scissor kick -straddle stand - 2 double leg ci rcl es to split. straight arm press, stoop down, run front some step out , RO straddle side some, turn swedish fall - leg around 10 back extension - step down wilh one foot, 2 steps, RO, arabian dive roll to straddle jump - turn - Ysca le - 2 steps RO , FF , full twi ~t.

PH: On end , back moore, travel to center, travel to end, loop-hop - Kehre in , 1 circle, travel out -Kehre in , 1 circle. moore - b reak 10 3 front and one back sc issors, 1 In circles, travel out, loop, walk around - loop 1;1 tw ist. SR: Dislocate , giant d islocate, shoot handstand, giant , lower to front lever, Inlocate, back uprise, L, hollow back press handstand , Back Kip -dislocate - giant. Dislocate, full twist dismount. V: Tsu kahara ca rtwheel - back some PB: Ca st - ca tch " l ", press straight arm, stutz hand , hop out - kip - hop - in front uprise, swing priouelte, slreuli , cast - back uprise straddle cut catch - front upr ise, Front b twist off. HB: High Start, j/~ gian t, jam disloca te, 2 inverts, hop to front giant, pirouette, 1 giant , back sta lder, cross change. stall reach under vault ca lch , kip change, 2 front giants , straddle dismount.

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Gymnastics & Academics? Walnut Hill School of Natick, Mass. is introducing a gymnastics program taught by the staff of Woodland Gym­nastics. Opportunities unmatched in other schools; solid college prepura­tory program, a strong arts program including expert ballet and modern dance training, combined with gym­nastics. Students who want quality instruction, academically or gymnas­tically, write for brochure.

Headmaster: Earle C. Batchelder, B.A. McGill, M.Ed. Harvard Instructors: Will St. Cyr, Co-Director, Woodland Gymnastics Former N.E.A.A.U. Tumbling Champion Former Coach, Wellesley H.S. Gymnastics Team

George Wheeler, Co-Director, Woodland Gymnastics High School Coach of four college All-Americans Ken Henderson, Floor Exercise and Vaulting Champion Former Nationally Ranked Gymnast. Experienced, Successful Instructor.

WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 164 Highland St., Natick, Mass. 01760

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Send orders to: Class ifi ed Dept., " GYMNAST" Magazine, P.O. Box 110, Santa Monica, CA 90406 • A recent questionnaire reader su rvey of our subscribers -revealed that on the average at least 3 persons read each edition and in many cases - 25-50 shared the publication.

Suggested Classified Titles: CAMPS - CLINICS - WORKSHOPS - COMPETITION _ TRANSPORTATION -POSITIONS WANTED - NEW PRODUCTS - USED EQUIPMENT - BOOKS - FILMS - PERSONAL _ SERVICES -

position Desired. Jewish forme r Sov iet gymnast ic coach desires coachin g position in Amer ica. Recenlly e mi grated fro m USSR; temporari ly residing in flal y with wife, son, and daug ht er. Twenty years experience, includ ing e ight years with the National Olympic Gymnast ic Team of the USSR . Persona l coach of Alexander Ma leev, eighteenth a ll -around at Munich. Please address inquiries to Gymnast Classified.

BOOKS " A Parent 's Hip Pocket Guide to Gymnastics", by Patricia A. Gause, is a well illustrated handy gu ide for home, club, or sc hool. Send $3.75 (includes tax and postage to anywhere is U.S.A.) to Patricia A. Gause, 3 Kingsgate Lane, Owego, NY 13827 and receive prompt delivery.

FOR SALE Portable appa ratus ri g. May be us.ed wit h cab le horizonta l bar, cable ring stand, or cab le uneven bars. May be purchased with or without apparatus. Bob Rector, 1618 South Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762 (316) 331-7440.

INSTRUCTION Gymnastics & Ba ll et classes, for children , teens & ad ults. Russian , German technlques taught. Specia l Art istic Floor Exercise classes, blend the grace of ballet and gymnastics. Dance skills such as leaps, jumps, turns, falls are combined with flexibility moves. Selecting music, routine composition , tumblin g, beam, uneven bars, trampoline and va ultin g are included. Classes for a ll ages and leve ls. Write: Nikitins School of Dance & Gymnastics, 7106 Woodlawn Ave. N.E . Seat tl e, Washington 98115 - ca ll 522-6282.

NEW PRODUCTS Attention Coaches - introduCing a new exclusive " Handsta nd Aide" , for the gymnast. With this c ustom designed Handstand apparatus, studen ts learn to do a PROPER handstand FASTER! It gives the arms and shou lders exce ll ent support, improves body coord ination and ba lance, RAPIDLY! Several handstand positions, such as a press, pike , st raddled, yogi, and eve a o n e a rm stand ca n be learned in a short time wit h the " Aide" . It prepares the student to stay in a handstand on the floo r, beam or bars. Holds children & adults up to 150 Ibs. Will not tip. Li ghtweight, portable. Custom designed & tested. $49.95 plus tax. Write: Rodi Nikitins, 7106 Woodlawn Ave. N.E. Seattle, Washington 98115 Phone 522-6282

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(F.I.G. report continued from pg. 7) pe rmission for rev isio n o( statut es num ber 1 - D DR proposa l ; number 2 - Committee proposal - "should not change", vote on nu mber 1 was 30 vo tes aga inst and 9 for, vote for number 2 was 23 fo r and 6 aga inst. There fo re the Di rector's Committee w ill rev ise sta tu tes. Lunch break was ca lled f rom 1 :20 p.m. to 2:35 p. m. Th e meeting resumed at 2:35 p.m, The fo llowing proposa l by Egypt was passed by the Technica l Com mittee 31 to zero. Egypt

The Africa Cup a) Thi s competi t ion wi ll take place every two yea rs. b) Parti cipat io n : three men and three women

gymnasts from each Af ri ca n federatio n affili ated to the ~I G.

c) Com peti t ion w ith op ti onal exercises o nl y. d) Ju ry under the supervision o f an intern ati onal

head judge answera ble to the ~IG .

Reasons: In Alri ca , gymnasti cs is no t as w idesp rea d as in Eu rope and Asia. By int rodu cing thi s Afr ica Cu p, we hope to be able to develop no t o nl y the sta ndard of gymnas tics in A lrica, but also to increase the num ber 01 Afr ica n lederati o ns to be aff il ia ted to the ~I G.

The Spani sh p roposa l be low was also accepted. Thi s vote elimi nated th e 20 U ll mats and install ed two six cm ma ts fo r the Hori zonta l Bar and Va ultin g. Spain

Anti -slip mat We suggest that the same anti-slip mats be used as

those employed at the 1972 Olympic Ga mes in M unich and at the 1973 Europedn Championships in Grenob le.

Reasons: We ha've stud ied the technica l pro blems der ivin g lrom the adoptio n 01 ant i-s li p mats 20 cm thi ck (height ol the ho rse and the ho ri zon ta l ba r, lack of stabilit y o n the part olthe gymnas ts, etc.) as we ll as the big financial pro bl em involved lor the federa ti o ns and societ ies when it comes to purchasi ng the new mats.

The ~re nc h proposa ls below were either rejected (r), remain the sa me (s) o r were re lerred to the techni ca l committee (t),

France A. ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS 1. World Championships - Olympic Games r-a) Qualifying prog ramme fo r bo th these events,

compulsory and optio nal. r- b) Compet iti ve progra mm e fo r bo th these events,

optio nal o nl y. r- c) Order o f appearance fo r th ese two events: 1. Abo lition o f nati onal gro ups (six gymnasts per

country) 2. ~ orm a ti o n o f int ern at io nal gro ups by integral

drawin g of lo ts. s-d ) Class if ica ti o n by teams: Status quo, always the

fi ve best marks per apparatu s. These pro posa ls interes t the M TC and the W TC. e) Individ ual cl assifica tion:

s-l Th e mark s obtained in competiti o n No . 1 qualify the gymnast for co mpetiti on No.2.

r-2 The mark s o btained in competition No.2 shall no t be added to those obtained in competiti o n No. 1 fo r the awa rd o f the individual titl e.

r- 3 The marks o bta ined in competiti on No. 1 o r No. 2 (to be decided) quali ly the gymnas ts for the fin als by apparat us, but shall not be added together fo r the awa rd of t itl es by apparatu s. A ll sho uld start equal.

2. Men's Code of Points (1975) t-a) C and B pa rts ca n o nl y be elements and no t

combinat io ns. t-b) Elem ents lin ked toge th er and fo rmin g a group

o f d i ffi cult ies may be assessed in the combinatio n by the RO V,

t-c) Abo li sh th e lorce exercise in the o ptio nal fl oor exe rcises.

t-d ) Reduction o f time: 50" to 60" . r-3. M en and women international judges. Entry ticke ts for the Olym pic Gam es and the Wo rl d

Champio nshi ps sho uld be made available to internati o nal judges w ho are no t o ffi cial members of the jury but w ho neverth eless are present, as was the case in Do rt m und.

The proposa l b . by Hunga ry was rejected because it could lead to cheat ing.

Hungary a) In order to make scoring easier, we propose that: The max imum va lue of each va ult w itho ut a star be

8.50 pt.

The max imum va lu e of each va ult w ith one star be 9.00 pt.

The max imum va lue of each vault w ith two stars be 9.50 pt.

The max imu m va lu e o f each va ult w ith th ree stars be 10.00 pt.

Dur ing competiti on Nos. 1 and 2, 0.30 po in ts wi ll be deduced from the po ints o btained and 0.60 points du ring compet ition NO.3. Th ese po ints could then be used as a bonu s fo r o riginality and virt UOSity.

Reasons: The introducti o n o f new regulations has made the scorin g work o f th e judges so diffi cult that the possib ili ty of arri ving at rea listi c va lu es is now grea tl y compromised'. The scorin g fo r th e vaul ting h as become parti cularl y compl ica ted beca use o f its divis io n into three ca tegori es . At intern ati onal compet itio ns, we have see n that a va ult w itho ut a star o r w ith o ne star has been award ed a higher mark th an a va ult w ith three stars even w hen an identi ca l fa ul t has been made.

b) Permission to use the reserve gymnast The rese rve gymnast sho uld be allowed to replace

the injured gym nast w ho is unable to continu e the competiti o n. The mark s obta in ed by the reserve gymnast w ill count in th e team competiti on. But if the gymnast already takes part in the c ompulso ry exercises part of the competiti on, the results he achieves w ill no t be taken into considerat ;'on o ther than the cl assifi ca ti o n o f th e team. Countri es en tering a team may use only o ne reserve gymnast.

During th e individ ual , co mpeti ti o n (Europea n Championships, . individual co mpet itions), a reserve gymnast is no t allowed to con tinue in the place o f a competitor injured during the course of the competitio n.

During an inter-federati o n competi t io n, the poss ibilit y o f the reserve gymnas t 's pa rti cipating in the place o f an injured gymnast w ill be decided upo n by the countri es parti cipatin g prio r to the commencement of the co mpetiti o n.

Abandon by the injured gy mnast must be approved by th e doctor designated by the FI G.

The fo llowing are the p ro posa ls by Israe l. Israel

a. Incorporation of Israel into the European Federation.

We reques t that our federati o n be in corpora ted into the group o f Euro pea n fed erati ons.

b) World Championships in artistic gymnastics at Varna

We request a renewal of the formal under ta king o n the part o f the o rganizing country (Bul garia) ensuring the participation o f Israe l in the next World Championships in arti sti c gymnasti cs at Varn a in 1974. In view o f th e lack of diplomati c relations between Bulgaria and Isra el, we should like to have the assurance that the country o rga nizi ng thi s manifestation w ill take ca re that we rece ive the necessa ry invitations and und ertake to grant entry visas to the country for the w ho le o f our delegatio n.

e) We propose that the TC fix the minimum for participation in the World Championships at an average of 8.00 points.

Reasons: Th e evo lutio n and constant ri se in the standard o f arti sti c gymnastics, above all in the big countries, should not be allowed to prevent participation of all the countri es affili ated to th e FIG at leas t once every fo ur years, that is to say, in the World Championships. Th e stipulati o n o f a higher ave rage would risk exclud ing from th e competition a number of countri es o ffi cia ll y affiliated to the FIG and would thus prevent th eir improving their standard by contact w ith the more impo rt ant countri es.

a) Rejected 14 to 99. b) For Israe l th e word disc riminati o n comes back to

us. Because of thi s reason we ask the country Bul gar ia that we get the assurance that we get visas to enter the country. It would be a danger that we may no t be allowed. Bulgaria; When in 1971 th e organi za tio n of the World Games we knew w hat we had to do as hosts, as to the question of Israe li , we have been thinking for two years abo ut thi s - I never sa id the visas would no t be assured. When Gander was in Bulga ri a we talk ed abo ut thi s. I to ld him and repea t here, the Bulga rian Federati o n and organizatio n Committee fo r the Wo rld Games w ill insure entry visas fo r the coun tri es. As you know, we have sent this demand to our State Directors and we await thi s answer and it w ill be sent to FIG and the National Federations. Gander -It seems

(F.I.G. report continued on pg. '40)

GYMNAST Mar. '74

1.974 GYMNASTICS

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(F.r.G. report continued from pg. 38) to be sure for each nation and I hope thi s can be rea li zed. Israe l ; I hope thi' does no t come too late. C. Wai t ti l later. Italy

a) Vaulting Increase the heigh t of the appara tus from 110 cm to

120 cm. b) Balance beam Th e durati on o f the optional exercise should be

identica l to that valid for the fl oor exe rci se, that is to say: minimum 60 seco nds, maximum 90 seconds.

A and be were rejected. German Democratic Republic

3. Medical Commission On 9.4. 1973, we submitted a dralt o f the regulations

to govern the work o f the Medica l Commiss ion. We suggest that these regulat ions be submitted for approva l to th e assembly general.

Accepted· 32·0. 4. World Cup Article 3 Increase of the number of gymnasts to 5·1 2. With rega rd to the nominati on of judges, we

suggest the fo llowing tex t: The federations parti cipating are to be considered w hen nominating the judges.

Th e las t phrase is to be deleted and replaced by the fo llowing tex t:

Parti cipati on o f the bes t gy mnasts, both men and women in the World Cup is a qu esti on of honor and also o f recognition wi th regard to the national federat ions. For th is redso n, they have the moral ob liga tion of accepting the invitation .

Article 5 The fi nals at the apparatus now have no raison

d'e tre. A ll th e participant s in the World Cup should be able

to parti cipate in the two competiti o ns. The total nu mber of po ints scored in two competiti ons will be decis ive for the des ignati on o f the w inner of the multipl e competiti on and of the competition by apparatu ,.

Article 7 Thi s articl e is to be deleted and replaced by the

fo llowing tex t : The federa ti ons parti cipating have the right to

delegate a tra iner fo r the men gymnasts and another one fo r the women, and thi s on the same conditions as fo r the competito rs. rhe federations have the ri ght to renounce thi s privilege.

Tak ing the above into considerati on, it will not be necessa ry to nominate group leaders and the competition ca n take place exactl y li ke the European Worl d Championships from an o rganizatory point of view.

Article 10 Th e phrase: ('Th ey will be proclaimed the best

gymnasts in the world) is to be deleted. Thi s phrase is in contradiction w ith th e spirit o f the World Championships and represe nts discrimination against the federati ons not taking part in the World Cup.

Article 11 . This arti cle is to be deleted beca use it is not in

ag reement with the pri nciples o f bas ic rights and the sovereignty of the federati ons.

Article 13 The phrase: (For cases not covered by these

regulations) is to be deleted and articl e 13 redraft ed as fo llows :

In addition to th e regulations for the World Cup, this event w ill also be , ubjected to the statut es and technica l regulati on; of the HG.

Accepted· 32·0. Men

There is need to modif y the four yearl y rhythm in the va lidity of the compubory programm e, in such a way that the compulsory exe rcises be presented only at the Wo rld Championships and the Olympic Games.

Traditional regulation : The programme o f compulsory exerc ise, should be declared va lid a sin gle time fo r six years (possi bl y fo r four years with slight modificati on, or a programme for two years must be made).

Reasons: The work of th e fede ration s hinges st rongly on the Olympic Ga m es.

M en accepted. Compulsory for four yea rs. Olympic Ga mes to World Games. After Varna 1974 compulsori es for Montrea l Olympics wi ll be good for two yea rs and aft er M ontrea l the new compulsories

fo r men will be issued for the World Ga mes o f 1975 and the Olympic Ga mes o f 1980. Switzerland

1. Programme of FIG manifestations We request that, on the occasion o f each congress a

w ritt en programme be sen t to all the federations givi ng the fo llowing:

date and place o f the nex t congress date and place o f courses and sympos iu m date and place o f o ffi cial FIG competit io ns. Reasons: Generally spea king, publi ca ti ons

concernin g courses and symposia are publi shed too close to the event and frequentl y at a time when the affili ated federati ons have already set up their budgets and their programm es of acti vit y. It would th erefo re be des irable that the HG stipulate its progra mme sufficiently early, in o rder tha t the federati ons may ta ke it into account and prepare the necessa ry financial mea ns.

Mr. Gander stated that thi s was already being done and their second proposa l concernin g sho rtening of Official Ceremonies would be done. Both Czechos lovak ian proposa ls a. Expulsion of South A fri ca and mod if ica ti on o f statutes have been voted on prev iouslv. Soviet Union

c) Maintain the number of teams as it was at the Olympic Games in Munich, i.e. for the 1976 Games in Montreal :

24 men's tea ms (individuals included) 20 women's tea m (indivi duals included). Gander · There were 18 tea ms in Munich and not 24. The discuss ion o f the reducti ons o f tea ms in the

Olympic Games foll owed. Dobertin , East Germany, sa id he sent a lett er and he was to ld there was nothin g to do about it. It is in the rul es, 12 tea ms. Then fo llowed a discuss io n concerni ng the reducti on o f 12 teams by Uri Titov w ho is a Committee Direc to r member. The Swi ss then sa id that they should accep t the proposa l of th e DDR and that the Com mittee Directo r should present the proposa l to the 10C fo r more than 12 tea ms. Mr. Gander,then sa id why don' t the Eas t Germ ans take it to their Olympic Committee because this should be taken up by the Olympi c Committee. Dobertin sa id thi s is a basic questi on fo r our Federation, the Olympic problem. Gander said this 12 team limit is for all sport s. We ca n go before them but remember they agreed to 12 tea ms and four separate grou·ps. Four groups made up o f indivi du als. Dobertin· Ea st Germany said we should have the sa me .as we had in Munich and they asked for a vote. Wes t Germany asked fo r a vote. And the Technica l Co mmittee should be backed by the Genera l Assembly · Rome had 130 co mpetitors. To kyo had 130, in M ex ico 11 7, in Munich 113 and now with 12 teams they wa nt us to onl y have 72 competitors. Gander· It is absd lutely co rrect for me to go . to Lucern e and Budapest. Next, Madame Nagy spoke. We tri ed fo r months and fought for gymnastics. Nothing is to be changed . It is in' vain. Titov - There should be a vo te on thi s proposa l. You have m y proposal and the DDR proposa l and I represent my federatio n (M r. Gander had .asked him not to take th e microph one, to le t so meone else represen t his federati on). France then stood and asked fo r a vote. Spain stood and sa id it is only 12 tea ms poss ible, there is no thing we ca n do. There was a vo te. 21 votes in favor o f Committee Dirrecto r USSR - 15 opposed.

New Subject - The' qu estion nex t came about Tunisia holding the FIG Congress in 1974 and it was voted unanimously that th ey ho ld the congress in Tunisia. The ques ti o n came out about athletes o f Israe l, and Tunisia d eclared that ,th ey would do their best about it.

The nex t ques tion concerned the World Games in Bulgari a in 1974 and the question arose since Bulga ri a could on ly have 24 tea ms, could this be increased to )O? Bulgari a · This question in Stuttgart and now the opinion of our federati on, since we have talked w ith other countries who 'have held it and it would be a great difficulty if mo re than 24 tea ms competed in our games. I would say it would be di ff icult if the assembly decided that not only 24 but even mo re. Of course we will take every step to prov ide fo r this. Australia then spoke and they sa id they wa nt two promises made: 1-If whether Israe l and South Africa would be ad mi'tted and 2· on the number of people that could compete and that we fee l that ) 0 teams could be o.k . The United States - we agree w ith Australia and we must know whether Isra el and South Africa will be admitted

GYMNAST Mar. '74

and thi s must be guaranteed because th ey are members of the FIG orga ni za tion and politics has no place in sports. And therefore, this shou ld be known . Bulgaria - visas wi ll be guaranteed. Gander - Gander spoke and sa id that on January 19 Madame Nagy and himself were going to Bulgaria ;and at that time th ey wou ld find out whether South Africa and Israe l would be admitted. And he asked if the Un ited Stated was sa ti sf ied? United States = "Mr. President, we are not sa ti sf ied w ith such a date as January 19. It is now November 13 and the date you spoke about i ~ over two mont hs away. Wha t happens in the mea ntime? Why can ' t we find out? Why do we have to wait two months to fi nd ou t w hether these two countr ies wi ll be adm itt ed. Mr. President I say that we must know thi s by December 15 at the latest. " Gander - this informat ion w ill be forthcoming by December 15.

Gander - "At th is point in the proceedings it is now 7:00 p.m. And we have just been informed that we no longer have thi s meeting room; and if we are to continue our meet ing we mu st move." So we moved to a new room where there were no microphones and no translators. The subject of how many tea ms wil l be allowed to compete in Varna was again broached. M r. Gander - try to give full aut hority to the men's and women's Technica l Committee on the amount of peop le that wou ld compete. And he reques ts that they get full authority for it. Israel - we must know sooner. A ll must compete in the World Games -everyone. Denmark - let us vote on whether there be qua lifica tions o r not. East Germany - stick to the decision of Madrid, - open competitions. If less then a level of eight points should be adopted. Gander - You have ve ry little confidence in the Technica l Committee. To see it funct ion. Let us vote. The vo te wa s 24 to one to permit the Technica l Committee to make the dec ision of qualifi cat ions. The European Championsh ips in 1974 was contested between Switzerland and the Soviet Union and the Swiss won by a vo te of 12 to 10. The Europea n Championships for women by Norway, Czechos lovak ia and Spain. Norway won by 14 votes. The Modern Rh ythm ic Games for 1975 w ill be held in Spa in . The meeting was adjourned at 8:20 p.m.

GYMNAST Index - 1973 Volume xv

It is fortunate, indeed, for one to have the pri vilege of the annual rev iew of a publicat iofl such as the GYMNAST since such an exerci se, which on it s face is mechanica l, lends in sight not on ly to current content but to the undercurrent of sacrifice and dedicatio n which are necessary for the ultimate production o f such publications.

One can appreciate much bett er the unse lfi sh contributions of Renee Hend ershott w ho has been a most significant contributor during 1973. There is reassurance when one is ab le to not e that Dick Criley has once again shown us al l that amid his work he can find time to contribute to something he especiall y va lues and has been doing so for yea rs. Then there are the pleasa nt surpri ses that arise annuall y. Thi s year I would point to a very significant beg inning in the publication of material s related to vau lting given to us by Jim Turpin. There wa s also a hint that we would all be en lightened by Jim Hesson who has obviously " tamed " the pommel horse and w ho hopefull y will sha re more articles w ith us in 1974.

Finally one can apprec iate th e unflagging vigor that cont inu es to come from Santa Monica in the person of Glenn Sundby. Above all o thers he ha s provided the necessary backbone and stamina to survive in a fie ld that has " killed-off" many oth ers in the past and he deserves all o f our thanks.

A .B. Frederi ck Note: The index below is notated as follows .. . after each entry you w ill find a number indica ting the month (or combined monthsJ of a given number. Following a hyphen, the page numbers of a g iven

GYMNAST Mar. '74

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SUBJECT MATTER AUDIO-VISUAL

How You Can Draw Sequence Pictures o f Skilis (Hendershot t) 2-1 7 . photo Corner (Practical Suggestions) (Hendershott)

4&5-50 Let 's Light up the Subject - Photography (Hendershott) 6&7(28-30)

BALANCE BEAM Intermediate B.B. (Tonry) 2-22 Advanced B.B. (Tonry) 4&5-58

BOOKS & FILM REVIEWS Tonry's Gymnastics Illustrated 1-9 (Cr iley) Cooper 's Feminine Gymnastics (Hendershott ) 6&7(33) USGf - Jud!ling Guide & Course (Cri ley) 6&7 (33) Tonry - BasIC Tumbling (film ) Criley 8&9-9

CAMPS Caravan of Camps 8&9-22 Camp Gymnast 8&9-22 Rocky Mountain High (Bartz) 8&9(22-23) Camp Tsukara (Fontana) 8&9-24 Camp of Champions 8&9-24 Stony Brook Gymnastic Camp 8&9-24 Gymnasti cs Country Style (Combs) 8&9-25

CLINICS Texas H.S. Gymnastics Clinic (Schenk) 2-12 Oregon Christmas Gymnastics Clinic (Cut ler) 2-13 Oregon Christmas Gymnasti cs Clinic (fitch ) 2(12-13) Tucson Clinic (Eaton & Isham) 2-13 1972 New England Gymnastics Clinic Repo rt (Kje ldson) 2-14 7t h Annua l Summer In stitute of Womens Gymnastics

(Treiber) 8&9-23 CLUB GYMNASTICS

fund Ra sing Techniques (Lucero) 1-(18-19) Birth of an Association - Alabama 2-16 Competiti ve Experience Through the Pri va te Clubs (Hendershott) 3-30 Start ing a Newsletter (Sjursen) 3(33-34) Newsletter Editors Addresses 8&9-7

Interview With Graham Bartlett (USA IGC) 8&9-29 Nard 's Gymnasti c School (Thatcher) 12(26-27) U.S. Association of Ind ependent Clubs 12-32

EDITORIALS Always a Bridesmaid (Thatcher) 2-15 Don 't be a Wisher (Sjursen) 3-33 For All But a Few ... There Must Be More to it. (Hendershott ) 6&7(32-33) Federal Sports Bureaucracy (Criley) 10-8 Commitment & th e Gymnast (Hinds) 12-31 Are You Doing Enough! (Li edtke) 12-31

EQUIPMENT Chalk Box 11-8 Russian Innovati ve Equipment 11 (10-11 ) Cross Machine Added to Universal Gym. 12-8

EXHIBITIONS Gymnasti cs in Motion - Kent State 6&7(3U-31 ) 1973 Scats Gym-Capades (Thatcher) 12(28 -29)

FESTIVALS '1973 Summer Gymfest-Santa Monica (Thatcher) 11 (12-16) Hawa ii Gymfest West (Cr iley) 11 (16-17) Arizona Big Surf Open (Dowden ) 11-18 Minnesota Gymiest (Cragg) 11-19

FICTION Gymnastic Heebie-Jeebies (pfaff) 1(24-25)

FIG Notes from Jun e Issue of FIG Bull etin Women 's

1 ech Committee (fie) 8&9(28-29) What is an Honest to Goodness FIG Course Like

(1 reiber) 11-24 FLOOR EX,

I 'm Not O verweight... Why do I Get Graded Dow n For Heaviness (Hendershott) 1(22-23) Aeria l fron t Walkover (Hendershott & Speraw) 2-18 Illusion (Sjursen) 2-27 Drop Splits (Sj ursen) 3-38 New Sty le Handstand, Forwa rd Roll (Dubo is) 10-33

HORIZONTAL BAR Ba sic H.B. (Tonry) 2-23

HIGH SCHOOL , . . 1973 H.S. Report 8&9(10-19) Note: Eight region s

reported with the help of Mari lyn Sheldon , James J. Connoll y, Dian Wei ssand , Kath y Kuhn, Don Gutzler, Joseph Lied tke , Stan McCa ller, Tom Hadley, A llan Rufe, Jane Wi sse, Dan Cragg, Dick Swind ler, Brian Schenk, Steve Isham , Pat Druggan, Dick Foxal, Lorine Anderson, Brad Cooper, Chris Takimoto, Judy Wilson and R.B. Powell

41

Na t' l H S Gym Coaches Association Annu al Meet ing 8&9-27+ 1973 HS Report Continued 11 (32-33) Nat' l ~ ederation ' s Boy 's Gym. Ru les Report (H inds)

11 -33 Nat 'l HS Gymnasti cs Coaches Association 12-33

INDEX Index ~ or 1972 (Vo l. XIV Gymnast) + Frederick & Kessey 4&5 pp. 53

INTERNA TlONAL Chunichi Cup (Patoi le) 2(10 -11 +) Romanian Tour (Thatcher) 3- (17-19) Romanian lou r (Ba llester) 3-20 Romania vs. DSG (Hill ) 3-21 Russ ian lour - Los Ange les (Thatcherl 3-23 Mex ico Invita tional (G raham) 2-1 9 Record A ttendence for Korbut 3-4 Internat ional Tea ms Tour U.S.A. 1973 3(10-22) & Compet ition Results Russian Tou r 1973 3(23-29) )apan-U.S.A. Competitio n/ Exhibition Tour 1973 6&7(10-11) China-U.S.A. (Thatcher) 6&7 (12-13) China-U.S.A. - Madison Squa re Garden (Cu miskey) 6&7(14-16) New Power House? - China (G unney) 6&7-17 Denver School of Gymnastics European Tour (Hill ) 6&7(31-32) Ch inese Gymnastics (Keng & Cril ey) 8&9(8-9) Ninth World Maccabiah Games Report (Grossfeld) 8&930 French Tea m vs. Yankee Conference (K jeldson) 8&9-30 Reflections of Moscow (Sundby) 10-5 1973 World U.S. Games 10(10-30) Men 's 10th European Gymnastic Championships (Leemans) 12(16-19) Women 's 9th European GymnasticsChampionships (Haberland) 12-22 Another View of the 1973 Europea n Champion sh ips (S hil sto n) 12(23-24)

JUDGING SO You Wa nt to be a Judge. fButtrili 1 2-26 Diffi culti es Not in Women 's Code 3-33 Mini Judging Cli nic - G li de Kip to Squat Thru . (Darst) 4&5-51 Medium & Super ior Difficu lti es (F ie) 6&7-37

Cr iteria For Rating Women Judges. 8&9-28 Mini Judging Cl inic - Turns & Body Waves (Da rst) 8&9-28 Nat 'l Womens' Gymnastics Judges ' Associat io n (F ie) 12-15

JUNIOR OLYMPICS Jr. O lympic Gymnastcs - Ea st vs. West (E lrod) 11-22 1973 AAU Nat ' l Jr. Olympics (Hendershott) 11 (22-23) Jr. Olympi cs Competiti ons (Criley) 11-23

LETTERS On Mechani cs and UPB Swing (Rei ter) 12-34

NA TIONAL COMPETITIONS NCAA Unive rsit y Division (Cril ey) 4&5(8-1 4) Unive rsit y Divis ion Results 4&5(16-29) NCAA College Div ision (Wri ght) 4&5(30-31) A IWA Nat ionals (Jacobson) 4&5(34-37) 1973 USU Sr. Nat ionals 4&5 (38-39) 1973 Jr . Nationals (Hill ) 4&5(40-41) YMCA Nat iona ls (Wort manl 4&5(44-45) 1973 AAU Sr. Gymnastic Championships (Hardy) 4&5(42-43) 1973 USGf Women 's Elite Championships 6&7(18-23) . 1973 USGf Men's Elite Championsh ips 6&7(26-27)

OLYMPICS . Competit ion II and III 1(10-1 7) Cr iley Commi tt ee For a Better O lympics Act io n 2-8

PARAllEL BARS Let 's Learn a Stutzkeh re (Roe tzheim) 1(28-29) A Different Back Toss to a Handstand (Roetzheim) 11-3;

PERSONALITIES Gene Wettstone (NACGC Honor Award) 4&5-14 Ed Gagnier (Coach of the Year) 4&5-15 Joh n Crosby (Nissen Awa rd ) 4&5-15 Cheryl Wagner Interv iew (Cril ey) 6&7-8 Olga Korbut 6&7-9 Interview - Japanese H.S. Gymnastic Team (Endo)

8&9(26-27+) Joe Massimo (Doc's Flock) 11-24 Senior Olympi CS 11 -32 Debbie Fike Interview (Thatcherl 12-25

POETRY H. Bar is a Lead Pipe Ci nch 1-6 (Bo rg) Roberta the Giant Gymna st 6&7(6-7) Patience (Budd) 6&7(7)

RESEARCH Th e Effects of G. On Vario us Ph ys ica l Fitness

Compo nents (Bosco) 1(26-27)

9 What Resea rch Tell s the Coach About Gymnastics 3-

USG~ Biomechanica l Task Force (George) 3-39 Lifting a Beam and Effect on Erector Spinae 4&5(59) Th e Si ngle foot Take-of f For Tum bling Exercises

(Splithoo rn ) 6&7(34-37) The Righting Reflex and Some Simpl e Gymnastic

Movemen ts (Ca lk inI 11-34 . Coaches Congress - Biomechanica l Task Force Calkin- Mech. A nalys is of Human Moti on 12-10 Kjeldse n - App licat io n of the Eleva tor Principle to

Va ult ing and Tumoling 12-10 George - Comparat ive ' Ana lysis o f Five Se lected

Vaulting Boa rds 12(10-11 ) Ecker - Rotati ona l Concepts in Gymnastics. 12-11

Ha y - Biomechanics of Va ulting 12-11 Bird - Mechanics of Twist in g in Gymnasti cs 12-11 Hery - Mechan ic Analys is of Somersa ulting,

Tw ist ing, and Somersa ulting Wh ile Twist ing 12-11 Lasca ri - Earl y vs La te Drop o n P-Bars 12-11

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS 1st Na t. Modern Rhythm ic Gymnastic Compo

(Prchal) 4&5(46-47) ROUTINES

Compos ing a Routine w it h Notat ions (Dowsing) 2-27

O rigina li ty and Creat ivity (Korenberg) 2(28-30) Originality and Darin g (Humphrey) 2-31

SCHOOL GYMNASTICS Aust in Schools 1 (18 Tul sa Rev isited (Lowe) 3(30-32)

SEQ UENCES BY SCHULZ 1132-33) Backri se Full Tw ist Catch; Inlocate Kip to

Support; Back Dive Y4 Somi 2(24-25) Underswing, Fro nt V, Tw ist; Full Dismount;

Fliffus on High Bar; Diamidov 3(36-37) Ba ck Moore Out ToCircie on One Pommel

and Kehre-out 4&5(56-57) free Hip To Straddle Und erswing Fro nt Off. 6&7(40-41 ) Front Somi Between Bars; Korbut Back Roll on Beam; Korbut Handspring ; Korbu t Back Somi on Bea m

11(28-29) Aeri al f ront Wa lkover Mount on Beam;

"Gymnastics at its best"

42

LOCATED AT POTTER LAKE, EAST TROY, WISCONSIN ONLY 75 MILES FROM THE CHICAGO AREA

Spacious grounds, fresh air and tall trees are all part of the summer camping program of SOKOL TSUKARA, Three, 2 week programs starting in June are high­lighted by:

• A gymnastic program to suit your individual abilities • the most modern Nissen gymnastic equipment observing all men and women olympic specifications • spotting mechanics, landing and crash mats and all necessary safety equipment for your protection • staffed by men and women selected for their education and coaching experience in gymnastics • waterfront canoeing and sailboat program using Grumman equipment • Red Cross water instructional program • campfire area • recreational facilities for ping-pong and pool • A complete indoor gymnasium

SOKOL TSUKARA is directed by William Vrba and Frank Michalek, Gymnastic coaches and Educators in the Illinois educational system. They are looking forward to spending part of your summer with you.

WRITE FOR YOUR FREE BROCHURE TO: SOKOL TSUKARA c/o William Vrba

1828 Endicott Circle Carpentersville, Illinois 60110

T 5 U J{

A R A

GYMNASTIC CAMP

GYMNAST Mar. '74

PORTER® EQUIPMENT CO

THE ULTIMATE IN

WOMEN'S AND MEN'S

GYMNASTIC APPARATUS

NOW PORTER HAS IT

ALL TOGETHER.

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9555 IRVING PARK ROAD SCHILLER PARK, ILLINOIS 60176

u ouble Front 011 Rings; Handsp ri ng Full Tw ist From Pa rallel Bars; Fli ffus O ff Ho ri zontal Bar. ' SIDE HORSE -

Side Horse Is Simple (Hesson) 1(30-31) Pommel Horse (Wa tanabe) 6&7(38-39) Side Horse Trai ning Ring 8&9-2 Improvised " Pine Tree" Horse 10-6

SOKOL Have ; You Ever Wondered Just What a Sokol Is?

4&5(50-51)

\,:-lllDnllliE?~~~~2~~pE,~~;~e,J new subscription order to GYMNAST

I magazine

TRAMPOLINE Trampo lin e Routine For lJ eg inners (Wright) 1-27

UNEVEN BARS New Style Front Sea t Circle (Dubo is) 10-32

US(,F USGF 1 echnica l' Bulletin (Fi e) 10-9 USGF Women's Tech. Bulletin 11 (25-27) USGF Womens Committee Directi on 11(25 -26) Coaches Congress (Cril ey, Hendershott , & 1 hatcher) 12(9-1 5+) USGF M ens Tech. Committee Meeting 12(12-1 3) USGF W omens Committee (Bryan) 12(13-1 4) USGF Elite & Age Group Program (Fie) 12-1 4 USGF Ma ter ials Li st 12(34-35)

VAULTING Prepare Fo r Impact - Spotting (Hendersho tt ) 2-19 Va ulting Dr ill s (Turpin ) 4&5(54) Dive Roll s (Turpin) 6&7-39 Block ing and Develop ing Shoulder Extension (Turp in ) 8&9-31 Blocking On the Horse and Blind Landing (Turp in ) 10-31 Blocking On Horse Front Handsprings (Turpin) 11-30 Trampoline A ids In Vault ing (Ca lkin) 12-30

WORLD UNIV. GAMES 1973 USA Girls Team Profiles (Chim ielensk i) 10(11-1 2) Visions Of Four (Chimi elensk i ) 10(12-14) Womens USA Team (Shell y) 10(14-1 7) Olga Korbut A ll-Around Champion 12(18-19) Men's Compet it ion Report (Howard) 12(22-30)

CONTRIBUTORS BARTZ, DOUGLAS

Rocky Mountain High 8&9(22-23) BORG, JIM

H. Bar Is a l ead 'Pipe Cinch 1-6

GYMNAST Mar. '74

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43

LOUISVILLE GYMAND SWIM SUPPLY CO.

Suppliers of today's "NEW LOOK" in qualhy gymnastic Apparel Jump Suits, Warm ups with Flairs, Custom Leotards -Grips - Shoes

Write for free catalogue

Box 7505 Louisville, Ky. 40207 Phone (502) 895-9141

BOSCO, JIM The Effect' of G. in Variou, Phy,ical Components

1(26-27) BR YAN, SHIRLEY

USGF Womens Committee 12 (13-14) BUDD, RUTHIE

Patience 6&7-7 BUTTR ILL, MA'RION

So You Want To Be a judge 2-26 CHALKIN, GERALD

The Righting Ref lex and Simple Gymna'tics Movement, 11-34

Trampolin e Aids in Va ulting 12-30 CHIMIELENSK I, GAIL

USA Girls Team Profi le, 10111-12) VISIons of Four - Ru ssian Girl, 10(lJ-1 4)

COMBS, MARGIE Gymnast ics Country Sty le 8&9-25

CRAGG,DAN Minnesota Gymna stics 11-19

CR ILEY, D ICK Viewpoints, 18, 2-8, 3-8, 6&7(8-9) ; 8&9(8); 10-8; 11-8; 12-8

Review of Tonry's Gymnastics Illustrated 1-9 Olympics - Competition II & 1111 (10-1 7) NCAA Universi ty Division 4&5(8-14) Chin ese Gymnastics 8&9(8-9) Rev iew of Tonry Film " Basic Tumbling" 8&9-9 Hawa ii Gymfest West 11(16-1 7) Coaches' Congress 12(9-15)

CUMISKEY. FRANK China - USA (Mad ison Square Gard en) 6&7(14-15)

CUllER, SANDY Oregon Christmas Gymnastic Clinic 2-13

DARST, mLENE M in i judging Clinic 4&5-51 judging Turns and Body Waves 8&9-28

DOWDEN, BRAD Ar izona Big Surf Open 11-18

DOWSI NG, GRETCHEN Compos ing A Routin e 2-27

D UBOIS, CHARLES New Style Front Seat Ci rcle 10-32 New Style Handstand Forward Roll 10-33

EATON, STORMY Tucson Clin ic (Women) 2(13)

ELROD, TOM jr. O lympics Gymnas ti cs - East vs West 11-22

ENDO, FRANK Interview of japan ese Hi gh School GymnasticTeam 8&9(26-27+)

FIE. JACK IE Tech Bulletin on Medium and Superior Diffi culties 6&7-37 Notes From FIG Womens Tech. Committee 8&9(28-29) USGF Tech. Bulletin 10-9 USGF Elite & Age Group Program 12-14 Nat' l Womens Gymnastic ju dges Association 12-15

FITCH, MARYLIN Oregon Christmas Gymnastic Cl inic 2(12-13)

FONTANA, JERRY Camp Tsukara 8&9-24

FREDERICK, A. BRUCE I ndex For 1972 4&5(53+)

GEORGE, GERALD USGF Biomechanical Task Force 3-39

GRAHAM, ANN Mexico Invitational 2-19

GROSSFELD, ABlE Ninth World Maccabiah Games Report 8&9-30

GUNN~Y, ED New Powerhouse - China 6&7-17

HABERLAND, CARL Womens 9th Europea n Gymnastic Championships 12-22

HARDY, JERRY 1973 Nat' l AAU Sr. Gymnast ic Championships 4&5(42-43)

HENDERSHOTT, RENEE "I'm No t Overweight" 1(22-23) How You Can Draw Sequence Pictures of Ski ll s 2-17 Aerial Front Walkover 2-18 Competition Through the Pri vate Clubs 3-30 photo Corner (How to Do it ) 4&5(50) Let 's Light Up Th e Subject 6&7 (28-30) By 1 he Busloads They Came 6&7(30-31 ) For A ll But a Few ... There Must Be More To It. 6&7 (32-33) Rev iew - Cooper's Feminin e Gymnasti cs 6&7-33 1973 AAU Nat' l junio r Olympics 11 (22-23) Coaches Congress 12(9-15)

HESSON, JAM ES Side Horse is Simple 1(30-31)

HILL, RODNEY Romanian team vs DSG 3-21

1973 jr. Nati onals 4&5(40-41) Denver School of Gymnast ics Eu ropean Tour 6&7(31-32)

HI NDS, JOHN Nat 'l Federations Boys Gym nastics Rules Report 11-33 Commitment and The Gymnast 12-31

HOWARD, JAMES Mens Compet iti on Report (Univ . Games) 10(22-30)

HUMPHREY, TOM Originality and Daring 2-31

ISHAM, STEVE Tucson Clinic (Women) 2-13

JACOBSON, CHARLES AIAW Nat ionals 4&5(34-37)

KENG, JOHN Chinese Gymnast ics 8&9(8-9)

KESSY, CANDY I ndex For 1972 4&5(53+)

KjELDSEN, KITTY 1972 New England Gymnasti c Clinic Repo rt 2-14 French Team vs Yankee Conference 8&9-30

KOREN BERG, B. Originality and Creat ivity 2(28-30)

LEEMANS, E. Men's 10th European Gymnastic Championships

12(16-19) LIEDTKE, CAROLE

Are You Doing Enou gh? 12-31 LOWE, BEATR ICE D.

Tulsa Rev isi ted 3(30-32) LUCERO, JIM

Fund Rasin g Techniques 1(18-19) PATOILE, KAREN A.

Chunichi Cup 2(10-11 +) PFAFF, BARB

Gymnast ic Heebi e-jeeb ies 1(24-25) PRCHAL, M ILDRED

The First Nat ' l Rhyt hmic Gymnastic Competition 4&5 (46-47)

REITER, FRI rz Swi ng and Mechanics on the Unevens 12-34

ROETZHEIM, BILL Let's Lea rn a Stutzkehre 1(28-29) A Different Back Tos, to a Handstand 11-31

SCHENK, BRIAN Texas High School Gymnastic Clinic 2-1 2

SHELLY, KATHY Womens USA Team 10(14-17)

SHILSTON, PETER Another View of the 1973 European Championships 12123-24)

SjURSEN, HELEN Illusion 2-27 Don 't Be a Wisher 3-33 Starting a Newsletter 3(33-34) Drop Splits 3-38

SPERAW, DAN Aerial Front Walkover 2-18

SPLITHOORN, DIA NE The Sing le Foot Take-Off for Tumbling Exercises 6&7(34-37)

SUNDBY, GLENN Reflections of Moscow 10-5

TONRY, DON Intermedia te Balance Bea m 2-22 Basic Horizontal Bar 2-23 Advanced Balance Beam 4&5-S8

THATCHER, BARBARA A lways a Bridesmaid 2-15 Romani an Tour 3(17-19) Ru ss ian Tour - L.A. 3-23 China - USA 6&7(12-13) 1973 Summer Gymfest 11 (12-16) Coaches Congress 12(9-15+) Debbie hke Interview 12-25 Nard 's Gymnastic School 12(26-27) 1973 Scats Gym-Capades 12(28-29)

TREIBER, MARGIT What is an Honest to Goodness FIG Course Rea ll y Like? 11-24

TURPIN, JIM Vaulting Drills 4&5(54) Dive Ro lls 6&7(39) Blocking and Deve loping Shoulder Extension 8&9-

31 Blocking on the Horse and Blind Landing 10-31 BlockIng on Horse - Handsprings 11-30

WATANABE, TADAO Pommel Horse 6&7(38-39)

WORTMAN, W.P. YMCA Na ti onals 4&5(44-45)

WRIGH1, JERRY Trampoline Rout ine For Beginners 1-27 NCAA Coll ege Division Championships 4&5(30-31)

The Program Includes:

1) ballet and modem dance classes at all levels 2) tumbling classes at all levels 3) training in the Olympic events for women 4) training in the Olympic events for men 5) student-instructor ratio of 5: 1 6) instructors who are carefully chosen for their teaching

experiences and ability in order to provide the highest quality of instruction

For more information, write for full color brochure

Our rotating Staff includes

Olympic and National gymnasts

Teruichi Okamura - 1972 Olympic Gold Medalist, World University Champion

Tetsu H irata-National Japanese gymnast

Training Facilities The International Gymnastics Camp has indoor and outdoor facilities. One of these is a newly constructed 50' x 120' gymnasium for the ultimate in European-style training, A licensed physician is on call at all times.

Telsu Hirota, Bruno Kious, Olympic Gold Medalist Teruich i Okamuro We are honored to have Teruichi Okamura anct Tetsu Hirata on our staff for the te n sessions of camp. Teruichi is one of the world's greatest gym nasts; he a nd Tetsu will present the latest in gym nastic style and technique to female as well as male campers.

TEN SESSIONS

Barbara Gallagher - Gymnastic coach at Yale University. nine times National Tumbling Champion, World Tum­bling Champion, former member of Pan Am tra ining team.

Don Tonry- 1958, 1962, 1966 USA World Championship team m ember, 1960 Olympic team member, 1963 Pan American t eam member, author and inte rnati onal gymnastic judge.

Abe Grossfeld - U.S. Olympic coach, Membe r of U.S. Olympic, World and Pan American t eams.

Fred Orlofsky-Former U.S. Olympian.

Outstanding staff m embers also include: Len DePue, Juuy Alperin, Tom Gibbs, Jean Rathfon, Connie Maloney, Fred Rothlisberger (Olympian), Tom Lindner (NCAA Champion - winner of Nissen Award) , Dr. Jerry George, Ken and l\l issy Allen, Richard l\lurabata, Pat Gustavson, Sandy Stutzman, Jim Culha ne (Olympian), Bob Cargill, Noreen Connell, Richard Aronson, Linda Castner, Pat Sarluca, John Crosby (U.S. Olympian ) , and Peter Langruckel (Universi ty Coach, W. Germany)

APPLICATION B LAN K (teor off and ,"oil, today~

Return to: BRUNO KLAUS, Director, International Gymnastics Camp, Inc .. R.D. 3, Box 518, Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360 (telephone 717·629-0244)

Name.

Address

City.

Telephone

School Attending .

Instructor/ Coach

Age. Sex

State Zip ..

one session . two, three or four sessions five sessions ten sessions Commuters Deposit

$ 95.00 $ 90.00 per ses. $425.00 S725.00 $ 50.00 per ses. $ 25.00 per ses.

SPECIAL TEAM RATES UPON REQUEST

Circle the seu i'On or seuio ns thai you wish ta a llend . As en roll me nt will be limited, tho se attending one seu ion p lea se in di ~a)e a secand choice.

June 23'June 28 June 30-July 5 Ju ly '-July 12 July 14-July 19 J uly 21-July 26

Jul y 28-August 2 August 4-August 9 August II-AUgUst 16 Augus t 18-Augu5t 23 August 25-Augu.t 30

Please accompany this ap pl ication wi th a $25.00 per sestion depos it paya b le to Internat ional Gymnastic Camp. Application will be accepted on a fi nt come bas is

JUNE 23 to JUNE 28 JUNE 30 to JULY 5 JULY 7 to JULY 12 JULY 14 to JULY 19 JULY 21 to JULY 26 JULY 28 to AUGUST 2 AUGUST 4 to AUGUST 9 AUGUST 11 to AUGUST 16 AUGUST 18 to AUGUST 23 AUGUST 25 to AUGUST 30

INTIRNATIONAl

GYMNASTICS CAMP

BRUNO KLAUS, director

R.D. 3, Box 518 as we con accept a limited number of students. Deposit refundable 30 d a ys prior to se u ian. We will accept children under 6 with parental a dvinment. Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360 NOTE , Complete di rections, re commended clothing li st, arr ivol time, camp regulations witt be sent upon receipt of app licatio n.

List taken from Weekly Gymnast Newsletter published by Jerry Wright

THE NATIONS TOP ALL-AROUND GYMNASTS MALE

1. Marsha ll Ave ner, Penn . St. 110.05 2. Steve Hu g, Sta nfo rd 11 0.05 3. Ji m Stephe nso n, Iowa St. 106.65 4. Ma rk Graham, Iowa St. 106.30 5. Dave Re p p, U. New Mex ico 106.20 6. Jim Ivicek, Un" tt. 105.90 7. Ra y Gu ra , un 105.50 8. Do ug Fit zgerald , Iowa St. 105.35 9. Jo hn Cros by, So. Con n. 105.25

10. Jim Culha ne, unatt. 104.95 11. Du bi Luf i, w,,; h. St. l..I, • 104.80 12. Je ff Rock, U. M inn . 104.20 13. M ike Ca rt e r, LSU 103.65 14. Jay Whe la n, So. Conn . 103.40 15. Steve Ho lt, Air Fo rce 103.10 16. Ted Ma rti , Unatt. 102.70 17. Steve Pos ne r, U.c. Be rk. 102.70 18. Ca rl Wa lin, Iowa 102.40 19. Dave Butzman, Unatt. 102.15 20. Paul Blas ko, Ind. Sta te U. 101.45 21. Tom Weede n, U.c. Be rk. 101.40 22. Bill Ritte r, Air Fo rce 101 .00 23. Ron Ni ssen, Port land St. 100.50 24. Bob Ro th , Unatt. 100.30 25. Jim Kru est, Pe nn St. 99 .50 26. Rick Ru ssell , LSU 99.85 27. Cha rl es Wa nn er, Circl e 98.80 28 . Roger Ha lderma n, Uta h 98.70 29. Mel Hill , Tem ple 98.20 30. Dave Huson, I nd . State U. 97.60

• - No t a U.S. Citizen

FEMALE

1. 2. J, 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11 . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

46

Joa n Rice (Muu re), Md llll e tt e s Roxanne Pierce, So. COIlIl .

Kare n ~l hulk ll1 dn , ~o. Conn . Na ncy I h ie; Orego n ACd ue lll Y Jea ne tt e And e rso n , Gym. In l. Debbie !-ike, SCA IS Kim C hace, Ri ve ra Beach Pam Simo ne, So. Con n. Dia ne Dunbar, Dia blo Ade le Gleeves, W. KY Barba ra Mys lak, So. Co nn . Dia ne Grayso n, Flin t Vic kr, Shul e r, McK inley Y De b ie Halle, Gym. Inl. De bb ie Hill , De nver Cind y Eastwood, SCATS Cla udi a Bi ze ll , Fl o rida Te rry Spe ncer, So. III. U. Cole Dowa liby, So. Conn. Kyl e Gay ne r, SCATS Ga il e Wycoff, SCATS Sa nd y Phillips, Fl or ida Lisa Cain , So . Conn . Ann Ca rr, M a nn e tt es Ph yli ss Hardt , So. III. U. Kath y Howa rd, Okla Twiste rs Stepha ni e Strom e r, SIU Margie pyle, So . Co nn. Dagma r Hintnaus, SCATS Laure l And erso n, Gy m. Inc. Diane Ainl ey, Fresno Ka ren Brezack, Parke ttes Lynn Govin , SCATS Karen Atkins, SCATS Connie Isrea l, Louisvil le

SEND FOR FREE COMPLETE

CATALOG OF TRAMPOLINE

EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES

SIDLINGER TRAMPOLINE CO. P.O. Box 2

Garland. Texas 75040

Ind isputably the finest name 111

trampolininp' - SIllCe 1948

74.35 74.25 73.70 73 .50 73.15 72.90 72.70 72.50 72.45 72.30 72. 15 72.30 72. 15 72.00 71.70 71.50 71.40 71.40 71.15 71.1 5 71.10 71.00 70.90 70.90 70.90 70.90 70 .90 70.80 70.70 70.65 70 .30 70 .30 70.25 70.15 70.15

INTERNATIONAL CALENDAR 1974

Oct. FIG Congress, possibly in Tunisia. Oct. 19-26 World Championships in Varna.

1975 Oct. 15-21 Pan American Games (33 countries possibly will compete) . Santiago, Chi le

Gymnaestrada in Berlin 1975

SepL FIG Congress in Montreal, Canada , and the Olympic Games

USGF REGIONAL MEETS To date only four out of the eight regions have

reported . March 16-17 Region VII I: Kennedy H.S. Willingboro, N.J . Meet Director : Lois Musgrave Meet Referee: Audrey Schweyer. March 30 Region I: Fountain Vallev H.S. Fountain Va ll ey, CA Meet Director : The SCATS, Meet Referee: Cheryl Wagner. March 29, 30 Region Ill : 1 hornton Family YMCA 5002 S. Futton Ave. Tulsa, OK 74135 Meet Director: Bob Childers Meet Referee: Sharon Weber. March 29-30 Region VII I: Gymnastics USA 3630 Redmon Nashville, Tenn. 37209 Meet Director: Dan Garcia Meet Referee : Delene Darst.

U.s.A. NATIONAL PICTURE Mouch 21 -:0 Western Athletic Conterence Championships, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Mitrch March 22-23 NAIA Championships, Fort Hays State, Hays, Kansas March 22-23 Big 8 Championships, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

Ma.<h 22-23 USGF Elite Qua li fying Meet, second ro un d , Newil rk , De lawa re, M ee t Dire ctor: Ed Kne ppe r, Meet rele ree: Jack ie h e March 28-30 NCAA College Division Championships, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachuetts April 6-14 International Youth Trampoline Championships, Beirut, Lebanon April 5-6 AIAW Collegiate Championships (Women), California State University-Sacramento, Meet Diiecto r :,Kathy Shelly, Women 's Gymnastics Coach, California State University - Sacramento, Sacramento, Calif. 95819 April 4-6 NCAA Championships, Penn State University, University Park . Pp.nna. April 11-13 National AAU Junior Championships. Host: Gymnastrum Sportschool of Reading, Pennsylvania will be the host . Site of competition to be one of the following: Temple Univ., Albright Co l. , or West Chester St. 1;eacher's College. April 19-20 YMCA Nationals in Seattle, Washington (Men's'Compulsories same as last two years, Women 's

USGF Adv. ·Ievel. .. No minimum age or score requirements April 18-20 USGF Jr. Nationals - Hayward, California April 26-27 Eastern 'Elite Qualifi cations for men Southern Connecticut State Uni versity (te n!.) Meet director : Abie Grossfe ld. April 26-27 Mid-East Elite Qua li fica tion s for men , Indiana State Uni versity. M eet director: Roger Counsi l April 26-27 M id-West Qualif ications for men Iowa State Uni versity. Meet director : Ed Gagnier April 26-27 West Qualifications for me n Uni versity of California , Berkeley. Meet director: Ha l Frey. April 26-28 National AAU Senior Championships Host : Eastern Montana College, Biltings, Montana. Finals to be televised on CBS Sports Spectacular. April Compulsory Training Meets in tour geographically located centers (Elite Program) May 9-11 USGF Senior Nationals, Chicago, Meet Director: Betty Meyer May 10-11 USGF Men 's Elite Championships, Un'ive rsit y 01 Californ'ia, Be rk e ley

May 3O-June 1 USGF Elite Nationals, Southern illinOIS University, Carbondale, Illinois, Meet director: Herb Vogel; Meet Referee: Jackie Fie August1:l-15 or 20-22 National AAU Junior Olympics

~r National AAU Age-Group Championships (Whateve r the titl e ) will be held at Lincoln Nebraska.

Sept. 1974 Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim CA. Final trials for World Games team.

1975 YMCA Nationa ls on Apri l 18-19 1976 YMCA Nationa ls on April 9-10

REGIONAL SCORE March 15-16 Eastern Collegiate Regionals March 15-16 AIAW (formerly Reg. 8) Collegiate Regionals hosted by Sa n Diego State University, San Diego, Calif. Meet Director Ed Franz. March 23 USGF Regionals, Forest Grove, Oregon. This meet is for Qualificat ion into USGF Jr. and Sr. nationals. There will be Elite Division competition.

.............................••.•.. We would like to publish a calendar that is

Gymnastically compete - if you have any additions please send them to:

GYMNAST Calendar P.O. Box 110 Santa Monica, Ca. 90406 Thank You

DIRECTORY OF SUMMER CAMPS (Ca mps not li sted please send us information so th at we may include yo u in th e April issue directory)

All Star Girls Gymnastics Clinic Old Will imanti c Ro ad Columbia, CT 06237 Caravan of Camps P.O. Box 1206 Andrews, TX 79714 Catalina Island Gymnastics Camp P.O. Box 1766 Santa Monica, CA 90406 Cathy Rigby Gymnastic Camp for girls 2351 2 M ari a no St. , Ro om 331 Woodland Hill s, CA 91364 International Gymnastics Camps RD 3, Box 518 Stro udsb u rg, PA 18360 Medalist Hall of Fame Gymnastics Camps for girls 735 No rth 5th Street Mil wa u kee, W I 53203 Rocky Mountain Gymnastics Camp P.O . Box 274 Steamboa t Springs, CO 80477 SOKOL Tsukara 1828 Endicott Circle Carpe nt e rvill e, IL 60110 SOKOL USA Gymnastic School P.O. Box 189 East Ora nge, NJ 07019 Stony Brook Gymnastic Camp P.O . Box 593 Stony Brook, NY 11 719 West Penn Gymnastic Clinic RD #2 Slippery Rock, PA 16057 Wildwood Gymnastic Clinic 1128 Sycamore Ave . New Shre wsbury, NY 07724 Woodward Camp P.O. Box 93 Woodward, PA 16882 Pocono Sports Camp P.O. Box 247 East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 Middle Eastern Gymnastic Camp 11615 Fulham Street Silve r Spring, MD 20902

Empire State Gymnastic Camp Camp Hill Road Pomona, NY 10970 SIU Summer Gymnastic Camp Jack Bieste rfe ldt SIU Are na Carbondale, IL 62901

Camp Tsukara Jerry Fontana or Mi ke Jacki 400 Glenview Road G lenview, IL 60025

GYMNAST Mar. '74

ORIGINAL REUTHER PRODUCTS!

BALANCE BEAM MANUFACTURED TO F.I.G. SPECIFICA TIONS

DESIGNED FOR INCREASED SAFETY

AND PROTECTION FOR GYMNASTS.

A one inch layer of specially formulated cushioning mat· erial is laminated into the beam to give greater comfort and protection during long hours of training.

$501.00 F.O.B. Batavia, N.Y.

•

, MUN ICH MODEL'

ORIGINAL REUTHER BOARD

BUILT TO MEET NEW FIG SPECIFICATIONS GIVING GREATER LIFT .

.. QUALITY IS A LIFETIME PARTNER .. $150.00 F.O.B. Batavia, N.Y.

OLYMPIC SPIETH ANDERSON DEALER ENQUIRIES INVITED

OL YMPIC - SPIETH - ANDERSON LTD.

P.O. BOX 40, ORILLlA, ONTARIO, CANADA.

WAREHOUSES:

ORILLlA, ONTARIO, CANADA. BATAVIA, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

Official equipment for the 1973 USSR Gymnastic tour ..

11_-----' WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER

OF GYMNASTIC APPARATUS

NISSEN CORP., 930-27th AVE . SW , CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA 52406 PHONE: 319/365-7561