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~RllDnOGIH ' TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume XVI / Number 12/ Decembe r 1974

5. FROM THE PUBLISHER, G lenn Sundby 7. VIEWPOINTS, Dick Cri ley 8. WHAT'S HAPPENING

10. 1974 USGF CONGRESS, Dick Cril ey 14. 18th WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

14. Re po rt on th e Competition, Fra nk Endo

16. Inte rview with Mr. Takashi Ko ndo in Varna, Frank Endo

16. An Appraisal of th e Girls' Performance, Minot Si mons, II

21 . ACTION PHOTOS FROM VARNA 24. CENTER FOLD-OUT POSTER,

Dia ne Dunbar 28. VIEWS AT VARNA 29. NEWS 'N NOTES, Re nee Hendershott 32. RESEARCH: A Comparison of Selected

Factors Re lat ing to Success of Running Forward Somersaults, James Brown , Ed.D

34. CLUB CORNER 36. INSTRUCTION: The Free Hip Circle,

Jo n Ait ken & Dav id Black 38. DOUBLE SALTO DISMOUNT,

Dr. H.J. Biesterfeldt , Jr . 39. NACGC: Special Service Award ,

Bob Peavy 40. NEW REGULATIONS GOVERN ELITES,

Jack ie Fi e 41. REBUTTAL, Joan ne Pasqua le 42. BOOK REVIEW, Dick Cr iley 43. MEET RESULTS 44. LEITERS 46. CALENDAR

Cove r: Wayn e Young, top sco re r for USA m e n at World Championships in Varna , Bu lga ri a

Publishe r: Glenn Sund bY Associate Editors Dick Cril ey

Renee Hende rshott Resea rch Editor: H.J. Biesterfeldt , Jr. Education Editor: A.B. Frederick Junior Gymnast EditorL Joe Sweeney Mode rn Rhythmic Gymnasti cs Editor:

Anne li s Strange Hoyman Me n's Instructional Coordinator: H.J. Biesterfeldt Instructional Editors: AA: Bi ll Ba ll e ster, FX : Paul l ien, PH: James Hesson, R: Mike Jack i, LH: Jim Turpin, PB: Bill Roetzheim, HB : Bill Ho lmes. Layout : Ter i Jo hnson

GYMNAST mag.uine is published b )' Sundby PubJiccllions. 410 Broadway, Santa Monied , Ca . 90401. Second Class POSlilgc pa id At S.mla"" on i t.~ . Ccl. Published monthly. Price S 1.00 iI singl e copy. Subscription co rrespondence, GYMNAST· P.O. Box 110, Sa nl Monica, Ca 90406.CopyrighI1974 ~ .111 rig hts reserved b y SUNDBY PUBLICA Tl ONS, 410 8ro,ldwdY, Sanla .... ·\ uni( ... Ca . All Photos and manusCfipls 5ubmilled become th e propert y o f GYMNAST ~nleS5 re turn request and sufficient postage are included.

U.:).:).R. TOUR PROGRAMS: GYMNAST magazine published the program for the recent 1974 USSR-USA tour. Using material developed in this office, we were able to come up with a beautiful 48-page program which featured a giant foldout color poster of Olga, plus 24 other color photos, and five full page color photos of Turischeva, Korbut, Andrianov, Klimenko, and the one of Shugurova on the opposite page.

These programs (a beautiful souvenir record of the U.S.S.R. '74 U.S.A. tour for your collection) are available to GYMNAST readers who could not get to one of the exhibitions .... lust send $2.00 (for each program) to:

USSR Gymnastic Program '74 Box 777 Santa Monica, CA 90406

From The PUBLISHER

WONDERFUL THINGS .are still happen in g at GYMNAST magazine for 1975. As mention ed in our· las t ed it ion, we are all exc ited abo ut co lor covers and foldout posters in the comi ng issues of GYMNAST '75 . W e ju st were a bit op timi st ic about schedule, and got bogged down in o ur printing and ma ilin g. Even th oug h ":Ie got to th e printer before the first o f November· w ith ou r layouts, we did no t anti cipate that it wou ld take co nsiderabl y longer to print th e co lor form s and in se rt the poster into the magazine. We also hit o ur pr inter at a tim e w hen his presses we re tied up on his big pub lica ti o n. If that wasn ' t enough, we designed and publ ished the U.S.S.R. GYMNASTICS 1974 U.S.A. Tour program that had to be worked into the printing schedu le. So, yo u see we have been busy w ith wo nderful gymnasti c happenings at GYMNAST, and we hope you enj oy th e new co lor format and forgive us for being a little late w ith o ur November mailing. W e shou ld be so m ew hat soo ner in December (but holiday mai l may slow delivery), and do even bet ter in the Janu ary '75 edit ion which will inc lude an EXTRA BONUS SURPR ISE for you.

* * * U.S.S.R. GYMNASTIC TOUR of the U.S.A. " OLGA KORBUT & CO." as the tour was b ill ed, made a seven-city , ten-show exh ibit ion across th e U.S.A. in fourteen days. Showin g to ca pacity crow'ds at almost every stop with a record-break ing 20,200 for one perfo rmance in Cleve land , it pull ed ove r 26,00 fo r two shows in one day at the Capita l Centre in Washington D.C to wind up the tou·r. !-

A lth o ugh the ca liber of performance and sched ul e of wno did w hat and where va ried with the different stops, the overall ex hibitio n was enthu siasti ca ll y received.

In Los angeles, afte r fl yin g in from San Francisco and spendin g the day at Disneyland , they we re al l a bit t ired and showed it. The Washington D.C rlJ '!tinee was a li tt le rough , but rhey wound up w ith an exce ll ent evening performan ce. Althou gh we were all disappo inted that Wor ld Cha mpion Ludmil a Turischeva did not come along as p lann ed, th e audi ences were thril led to see Olga and other top Soviet gymnas ts. They were also pl eased w ith the added att raction s of rh ythmic gymnastics with the bal l, hoop, and ribbon rout in es. The biggest hand of th e fin al performance at Washingto n D.C exh ibi tion went to acrobatic World champions Yuri and Ga lina Save liev for th eir bea utiful duo ba lancing ex hibition .

" Ol ga, we love yo u," still echos across the nati o n, and in the next ed ition we wi ll bring you a photo report wi th further com ments o n this exci ting Soviet tour o f the . U .S.A.

DEAR READERS ... Many strange things h ave happened at the GYMNAST office during the 18 years of the

magazine·s publication (some fun n y , some sad), but the day I walked into Glenn 's office to ta lk with him and cou ldn ' t find the body that went with the voice I kept hearing was both funny a nd sad. Finally, fro m under an a bsolute mountain of mail on his desk there appeared a feeble h a nd. I foll owed the h and up the arm, and fin a lly to the body of our bewildered publisher who said,

" You see what m y problem is? There is n o way I , single-handedly , or even in concert with m y present staff, can possibly answer a ll this m ail from my beloved s ubscr ibers. If you can rescue me fro m this avala nche , you 're hired." '

Said, I , trying to be modest, My form er boss called m e ··R uby ,·· ·cau se he said I was a gem. I can be your little gem, too."

And that is h ow I got th e job of looking after G lenn 's most important friends , his subscribers. Now, I'm buried under all this mail.

We welcome your letter s , and each one is read. H owever, each and everyone cannot be a nswered individually . If we hired enough r esearche r s to look up a ll the information you have been asking for and answer each a nd every lette r individually, the cost of your GYMNAST m agazine would skyrocket, a nd Glenn is trying h ard to keep the cos t as low as possible for you. He is a lready pay ing higher costs for paper , postage, a nd labor, a nd the end is not in sight . So, to keep ou r costs (and thus yours) down, we a r e con t inuing our policy of printing everything we know in the magazine. If you keep reading it, yo u w ill find a nswers to most of your question s.

Many of our subscribers h ave been asking u s to send them n a mes and addresses of gymnastic coaches. clubs , schools , and camps . We can ·t possibly a,nswer them all individu a lly. so we are giving coach es, clubs , schools. and can'lps an o pportunity to list themselves in a forthcoming DIRECTOR Y SECTION of the m agazine for your convenience.

We r eceive a lot of inquiries for ticket information regard ing special gymnastic events (like the USSR team to ur of the USA, a nd the upcoming gam es in Montreal). We always publish s uch info rIll a Lion as soon as we get i t.

Important questions of a special n ature will be a n swered in this column from month to month by Yours Truly . We hope y o u will understa nd this method, a nd forgive us for n ot a nswering you r every letter .

A special word to a ll our friends w h o have asked us for s pecial informatio n to include in their term papers a nd s p ec ia l r e ports: We print ever yth ing we know. We have an indexof all our issues, which we w ill mail to you upo n r ece ipt of $1.00. Much as we would like to accommodate you , we cannot do y o ur research for you, (Your teachers wouldn 't a ppreciate that.) But, rtl do m y best for you each month in this column, okay? A nd whenever we get enough requests for the sam e inform ation, we 'll print a specia l story on it. Fair enough?

We love yo u all. Gymnastically yours . RUBY

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Th e largest USGF Congress eve r - close to 600 peopl e in attenda nce ... lo ts o f wo rthwhil e informati on o f all kinds - if yo u could sit through it all.

Wouldn 't it have been the grea tes t.. . if Liudmilla Turishcheva had been abl e to co me? Her tea mmates we re appearing in Philade lphia and brea king th e rai ls o f Bill Coco's uneven bars. USGF Exec. Director Frank Bare to ld Co ngress parti cipan ts that nea rl y 20,000 spectators viewed th e Ru ss ians in th e City o f Brotherl y Love, but Chicago was unable to host th em due to conf l ic tin g scheduling of the th e spo rts arenas.

Muriel Grossfeld unfolded her tale o f th e Varna trip w ith proper credit to all in volved . Sh e ce rtainl y has a way o f explaining thin gs . Betwee n Muriel and Delene Darst, w ho judged in her first inte rn ati o nal co mpetitio n, th e Co ngress had 1-'14 hours of th e fi nest detail s. Unfortu na te ly, the M en ' s Coach, Rusty Mitchell, arri ved too late to repo rt to th e Frida y morning sess io ns, and Team M anager, Gene Wettstone, ill fro m th e Va rna drinking wa ter, se nt Ed Isabelle to read his repo rt. Gene's report took all o f 15 minutes to present, but it offered insights from intern atio nal authorities such as Rumanian coach Baldiewscieu, Balsinger (Sw it z.), Mrs. Ivancevic (USSR), Dr. Joseph Gohler (OI Ympische Turnkunst), Dr. Olavi Liemuvierta (Finland ) and Mr. Lind (Sweden). Dr. Gohler noted that th e W est Germans sent 6 coaches, one to cove r and report on each event.

A great se t o f p resentati ons from th e Biomechani ca l Task Force was o rga ni zed by Dr. Gerald George. Speakers included Mike Jacki, Dr. Gerald Calkin, Vannie Edwards (just hours befo re hi s append ix was to be removed), Dan Speraw, and Dr. A. Bruce Frederick plus Dr . George. Th ere was som ethin g fo r bo th men and women coac hes although no t eve rything was biomechani ca l. Dr. Frederi ck had to improv ise a majo r part of hi s talk w hen a slide projector w o uldn ' t work.

Frank Bare's In te rnatio nal Report left few ho les barred. He did note th at th e Japanese men have been invited to co me to th e US in January 1975 . I lea rned fro m Frank Endo, however, th at they prefer M arch because it mark s a se mester break and th ere is a longer vacation. It is difficult to reconci le Frank 's

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

sta tement that th e USGF is ove rstaffed w hen one sees all the wo rk th at needs to be done .. . I ncidentall y, Frank took on all comers in an open ques ti o n and answers sess io n - more open ness of that sort is needed .. . perh aps a Sounding Boa rd should be scheduled into futu re Congresses.

From the Hi gh Schoo l coaches m eeting ca me an interstin g app roach to so lving th e restricti ons on practi ce seasons imposed by state athleti c assoc iati o ns (see last month 's VIEWpoints co lumn) ... take it to court. Su ch restri cti ons were dro pped in Colo rado . (Incidentall Y, thi s approach mi ght be o ne fo r th e w riters o f thi s mon th 's gues t edito rial to look into.)

I did not get to the USAIC meetings but apparentl y th ey we re busy. Pat Yeager was among those spearhea ding th e secti on on boys p rogra m s. A set of sta te directo rs fo r deve lopment of th e boys ' program are being nominated ... reg ret was expressed that th ere had been littl e communicati on w ith th e USGF M en's Techni ca l Committee.

I th ought it interes ting that Igor Solidov mentioned many o f Ru ss ia's top gymn asts co me from spo rts c lub programs. Apparentl y it shows that the co ll eges don 't have to be th e onl y training prog ram for intern ational gymnasts. Igor (on leave from th e Ph Ysics Department at M oscow State Unive rsity) spoke to th e NACGC o n th e Ru ss ian way o f do ing thi ngs and noted the long co mpetit ive life of th eir gymn as ts, o ften a decade o r more, becau se of t he o utside o pportunit y for competiti on.

Paul liert introduced th e new Junior Olympic compul so ry exercises w hich look as i f they w ill be accepted by th e AAU, YMCA, and high schools as we ll as th e USG F. Paul spent more than 100 hours drawing the fi gures w hich w ill be included in th e next ed i ti o n o f th e USGF Rul es & Po li cies fo r M en.

An excell ent job of interpretin g th e new Olympic compul so ri es was do ne by Masayuki Watanabe, Abie Grossfeld, and Rusty Mitchell fo r the assembled coac hes of th e NACGC.

Th e N GJ A Techni ca l Co mmittee spent many ho urs compiling additi onal ded uct ions to th e Tabl e of Deducti ons fo r th e 1976 compul so ries. Thi s labor of love is intend ed to fo rce gymnasts in thi s country into upgraded technique. th e

Meeting at USGF Coaches Congress, Chicago.

coac hes of the NACGC w ho hea rd Jon Culbertson's prese ntation agreed w ith th e need to minimize di scussion, but many disag reed w ith interpretation s whi ch make the exercises mo re d if f icult. Dave Thor was one w ho could hard ly contain himse lf. I wonder how eve ryone w i ll react to Frank Endo's rep o rt tha t th e FIG Techni ca l Committe has decided to bring out new co mpulsori es aft er M ontreal (thu s g iving abo ut 4 yea rs to prepare for th e 1980 Games in Moscow).

Th e Co ngress o ffered much oppo rtunit y for get-togeth ers and everyo ne enjoyed th e hospitality rooms o f Gymnastics Supply Company and th e GYMNAST and GYM-KIN. Walt lwickel provided brea kfas t snack and th e Nissen and American equipment co mpani es hosted a cocktail part y prior to th e banquet.

High powe red di sc uss ions brought toge th er a batch of GYM NAST editors incl uding Drs. A.B. Frederick, and H.J. Biesterfeldt (a nd yours truly) plus cont r ibuting editors Bill Ballester, Miki Jacki, Jim Turpin, and Paul liert. W omen' s Edito r, Renee Hendershott was kept bu sy taking ph o tos, reco rdin g talks, and taking no tes. Glenn Sundby recruited Skip Ray to prov ide us w ith repor ts from th e Illino is area .

Bruce Freder ick offe red th e interesting comment th at gymnasts (a nd/ o r th eir coa ches) seem to enjoy sec reti ven ess - knowing something someone else doesn ' t know . I wond er if thi s helps expl ain some of the prob lems US gymn asti cs is fa Cing ... at th e very leas t, it co nt r ibutes t o th e turmo il. I wonder, too, about th e parall el in reques ts for anonymity o f a coac h's complaint about local judging (in th e November GYMNAST) and Frank Bare 's request fo r press sil ence on U.S. co mplaints abo ut th e women's judging in Varna.

Th e USGF 's honored gues ts at the banquet we re President and Mrs. Olle Areborn o f th e South Afri ca n Gymnasti c Federatio n. Mr. A reborn enli ghtened th e Ameri ca n as to th e rea l nature o f South A fri ca's sports p rog ram, something few o f us kn ew anythi ng about.

Congra tulati o ns to Mrs. Mildred Prchal wh o was presented th e USGF 's M as ter of Sport awa rd fo r her many yea rs se rvice o n behalf of modern gymnasti cs. Mrs. Prchal noted how proud she was that th e U .S. could now take part in competiti ve modern gymnasti cs.

7

lisa Rix, LA Class I Champion

LA CHAMPION

Li sa Ri x, 16, is th e Los Angeles Cit y Class I f loo r exercise champion, ba lance beam champion, and uneve n bar champio n for 1974. Lisa, w ho also placed second all aro und, co mpeted for EI Ca mino Rea l High Schoo l in Wood land Hill s, Ca lifo rni a and was th e o nl y tripl e w inner in th e Los Ange lesCi ty Finals. Li sa , coac hed by M rs. Norma Fenwick, is also th e U.S.G. F. - Los Ange les League Cla ss II · fl oo r exercise champion fo r 1973 and 1974.

A KANSAS FIRST

On Febru ary 21 and 22, 1975, Wi chit a High Schoo l Sou th w ill hos t th e South In vit ati onal. Th e first day w ill be th e all-aro und competiti o n, w ith the second day bei ng tea m and fin als. Th is is th e first 2 day mee t in Kan sas hi story.

8

New Gymnastic Supply Company located in San Pedro, California

GSC ATHLETIC MOVES TO NEW PLANT

GSC At hleti c Equipment has moved into th eir new manufactu ring and wa rehousing fac ilit y. Th e new p lant , situated on a hill ove rlooking Los A nge les Harbo r, doubles th e all -a ro und producti on, wa reho use and admini strati ve ca pa cit y of GSc.

linda Tardiff, Connecticut gymnast

KORBUT LOOK-ALIKE

Young 12 yea r o ld Ol ympic aspirant Lind a Tardiff f rom Norw ich, Connecti cut , had a very nice three co lu mn w rit e-up in th e loca l paper th ere last month . Th e w rit e-up to ld how the 4 foo t six inch youth won two bron ze meda ls in th e AAU Junio r Ol ympics las t yea r. The most recent titl e ca ptured by Lind a was th e " Most

Sty lish Gymnas t ·· awa rd at the Maritime Acade my in Massachu sett s.

Linda works out six hours a week wit h the YMCA·s team and supplements her acti vit y w ith exe rcises at home and th e Preston Plain s Schoo l tea m.

Her fath er gave her a balance bea m fo r Chri stmas wh ich she uses in th e family 's backya rd. For her floor exerci ses th e 1976 Ol ympic hopeful uses the Tardif{"s front lawn cxp laincs Linda·s coac h and mo th er Donna.

A t first glance, th e·blond haired youth looks li ke th e Russ ian Gold Medal w inner Olga Korbut , w ho is Linda·s idol. Eve ry tim e she competes m embers of the audience app roach Lin da and as k her fo r her autograph because o f the simil ari ty, according to Mrs. Tard if f.

Lin da first started her ca reer w ith one of her bro thers who se rved as a partner in her dance tea m. She start ed dancing when she was eight years o ld and wo rk ed her way into gymn as ti cs w hen she was ten.

Linda al so be longs to the Lui s Pad en troop o f dance rs and trave ls New En gland w ith th em entertai ning. On Sunday during the fa ll she is also a chee rl eade r for th e Pee Wee Foo tball tea m in Pres ton.

MARDI GRAS

This yea rs Ma rdi Gras Invitational Gymn as ti cs M ee t will be held at th e Loui siana State Un ivers ity Assembl y Ce nt er starting Fr iday, January 31, 1975 at 7:30 p.m.

La st year·s meet incl uded such fine all­around performers as Ma rshall Ave ner, Rand y Belhorn, Steve Bonham, Dave But zman, Mik e Car ter, Renato Gi ess (Sw it zerland), Jim Ivice k, Gary Morava, Rick Russell, Brent Simmons, Jim Steph enson, and Hemo Walters. Thi s yea r we are hoping to include some new faces in Wayne You ng, Steve Hug, and Ri chard Loyd. We are looking l orwa rd to this disp lay of high ca libre America n perfo rm ers and anti cipate large crowd s.

This yea rs Mard i G ra s w ill have th e new addition o f six of th e out standing female gymnasts in th e Unit ed States, w hi ch sho uld make it an exceptional yea r for Mardi Gras.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Long Isla nd Gymnastic Demonstrati o n

SOARING AMBITION

SOAR ING AMB ITIO N. .. Yo ungster, w ho fl ipped over th e gymna sti cs demonstration g ive n by the m en ·s varsity team f ro m Long Island U ni versit y"s Brookl yn Ce nter, b raves a trY at f lying through the air himself. With the stea dying hands of L1 U gymnasti cs coach· Tom Franqu i and hi s ass istants, the littl e lad was launched int o a w hirl of his own. The show, given at the SI. Marks Avenue triang le park during Brook lyn ·s Fabul o us FIJtbu sh Ave nue Fes ti vJ I, drew th ro ngs of in terested adu l ts, w ho probab lY would lik e to g ive it a w hirl themse lves.

LONG ISLAND CITY TURNVEREIN'S

Mrs. A nnett e Asmus, the Team Coach has bee n tra ining the Lon g Island Cit y Turn ve rein ·s Gir ls A-Tea m for th e pa st few yea rs and has done a labuious job. The girl s team is o n first

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Joe l Pearson a t Arizo na Big Su rf

RELAXING? Former NCAA r ings champ, Joe l Pea rso n

sitting down on the job as he wins th e cross co nt es t at th e Big Surf m eet , Ar izO ll a. Joe l he ld thi s posi ti o n for over 20 second s.

Lon g Island C ity Turnvereins

place o f the A mericd n TUlilers (a German Ogani za ti on) in th e Di str ict of I ew York and ha s also achieved numerou s indi vidual awa rd s at th e Metropo lilJn A rea·s USG F and AAU competiti ons.

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World Gymnastic Championships Super 8 - in color

The wo rld 's most exciting combinations, tw ists and new techniqu es have been recently filmed. See the winni ng and top option al routines, fo r all O lYmpi c events, in semi-slow mot ion taken from the best locat ions. No Rent a ls. Me n's - #14 - 400 ft. Wome n's - #16 - 400 ft.

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1974 USA FINAL WORLD GAMES TRIALS Super 8 film - in color

America·s top women gymna sts are featured in thi s film. tn lcudes all fo ur Olympic even ts. Comple te optional ro utin es only. Held a t the Anaheim Convention Cente r Sept. 27-28. These are our wome n gymnasts that competed in Va rna , Bu lga ri a on O ct. 21-26.

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1974 WORLD GAMES IN VARNA, BULGARIA Super 8 film - in color

Once aga in film s of th e wo rld ·s bes t gy mn asts are fe atured at thi s spec tacu la r Ga mes. More new moves and supe rb techniqu es ha ve been filmed at thi s Game than at a ny previous Games . No. 31 film feature·s those wome n gym na sts that d id not make it to the Fina ls.

#29 M e n· s Fina ls 400 ft. #30 Women 's Fina ls 375 ft . #31 Women·s non -f ina list $26.00 Ppd.

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9

Our leader Frank Bare

1974 USGF Congress By Dick Criley

In hi s we lcoming remarks, Frank Bare, USGF Executi ve Director, noted that there were many positive and some far less positive items to report on at this yea r's meetings. He noted that the appearance of the Russians scheduled for Chicago was cancelled because professional basketball and ice hockey contracts had tied up the appropr iate spo rts arenas. In addition, Tuishcheva had not joined the tour although Olga Korbut was along.

Mr. Bare pointedly asked the news media not to reprint his and other speaker 's unflattering remarks concern ing the judging of women 's events in Varna . (we refer our readers to the USGF Program for the Congress for those.) He noted that " Gymnastics worldwide is facing ser ious problems of a political nature. " He reviewed the steps lea ding the the establishing of the World Games in Varna, Bulgaria . Especially important was the vote of the Third World count ri es (mostly African and Asian, w ithout gymnastics teams) at a specia l congress of the FIG which reversed the ea rlier decision to remove the Games to Munich, West Germany. The political tone of this meeting set the stage for the champ ionships in Varna.

I mportant announcements for US gymnasts wi ll , of course, appear officiallY in the USGF News, but the GYMNAST brings our readers these ea rly, unofficial reports. Additional cove rage will appear in our January issue.

International Report (Frank Bare) Gymnastics is recognized as a major sport for

the OlYm pics in Montreal as it is only one of 3 sports to use the large (15,000 seat) spo rts arena. There is not word Yet on ticket distribution but it w ill be tied into having secured housin g.

The U.S. faces considerable work, not only in developing gymnasts, but in its actions in the FIG. We shou ld try to place representatives on the men 's and women 's Technical Committees. A recommendation is being made that only neutral judges be used in the finals for women. Th ere are constitutiona l amendments proposed for the FIG May '75 meeting which

10

w ill reduce the mid-score sp read , require 51 % (instead of 7 members) membership to ca ll for specia l Congresses, and require a visible and m easurable gymnastics program for membership in the FIG. Th e FIG needs a full time director to run it on a businesslike basis instead of as a club.

Tours: In 1975 both the West and East Germans have been invited w ith the East Germans tentative ly sch eduled for December. Th e Japanese men are being invited in January. The USGF is proposing to the FIG an annua l American Cup (like the invitat iona ls held by South Africa, Japan and Russia) to w hich wou ld be invited 10 men and 10 women. A sponsor has been found already.

Mr. Bare reviewed USGF history, budget (including its drop into th e red for the Russian tour), staffing, plans, and answered questions from the floor (a USGF First and a brave move on his part! ).

1. USGF Council meets in December chief ly to review the past yea r's actions . They don ' t want to be bothered with the day-to-day operation .

2. The NCAA does not control the USGF. Only 4 votes out of 21, less than 10% of the USGF budget comes from the NCAA. 3. Each constituent members has its own

program and the USGF does not force them to change. It tries to encourage cooperation . 4. We now ha ve much better cooperation with the USOC because they appreciate the organization of the USGF and the fact that it pays its half of the expenses.

5. Emp loyee status: Frank Cumiskey (full­t ime), Shir ley Bryan (0.6), Marlene Bene (0.5 -secretary) , Frank Bare (0.5; the other 0.5 is USCSC) plu s var ious contract and part-t ime help. Mr. Bare considered the office as " overstaffed " in terms of the sa lari es but admitted it would be desirab le to have 3 full­time directors plus a full-time secreta ry. 6. The USGF has a men 's Foreign Relations

Committee and is forming a simi lar committee for women. As set up by th e USGF Constitut ion ,

these committees function for the in te rnaional leve l gymnasts in this country.

7. Qu esti oned on the issue of arbitrary decisions, Mr. Bare conceded he does make decisions on such thin gs as rai sing money and when time is of th e essence, but noted he does consult Mr. Cumiskey and Mrs. Fie and the Governing Council on nearly all other matters.

8. Mr. Bare reported that he is in favor of the Pea rson Bill (Amateur Ath let ic Act of 1974) because of the f inancia l input. He indicated he doesn' t worry abou t increased government involvement in sport. Th e various bills affecting amateur sport ha ve not passed Congress ye t and st ill may not do so.

USOC - Men - Karl Schwenzfeier The 1975 Pan American Games site has been

shifted from Brazil to Mexico City on 12-26 October. Men 's qualifying rounds will utili ze the Ol ympic compulsor ies as th e published Pan Am compulsories are incorrect. The national championships of all USGF - aff iliated organizations using these compu lso ries w ill qua lify gymnasts into the sem i-final s if a 104 sco re is attained. Th ere is a proposal to drop compulsories for th e Pan Am Games which will be acted upon later. A summer tra ining camp for elite gymnasts is being proposed . The USOC Gymnastic Committee is also conSidering a trip to China in June 1975.

USOC - Women - Shirley Bryan The official meeting was scheduled for the

end of the Congress; the official decisions wi ll be announced by Mrs. Brya n via the USGF News. Th e highlights of the past yea r, including several international trips, were reported in th e USGF News. A new concept, Junior Team development, was implemented by sending a team to an invitational meet in Japan. Elite women gymnasts in the 7-12 rankings will also be se nt to international competit ions so that the US wi ll get more exposure. Another innovation to be implemented is a coaching symposium at the international leve l.

Reports on the World Games (Muriel Grossfeld, Delene Darst & Gene Wettstone)

Both th e US women and men had very steady performances which were the more remarkable for the problems encountered en route to and during the Games.

Just a few of the gang at the banquet

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

The women were aided by a training cam p at McKinley YMCA in Champaign, Illinoi s. Muriel acknowledged th e ass istance of many peop le in the preparation o f the us team and in their activit ies in Va rna. Her desc ription of the tri als and tribulati o ns and joyS of the trip was recounted in an inimitable style, ending o f th e note that a benefit from Varna was that we lea rn ed how much work we still have to do.

Gene Wettstone's report, w hi ch was read by Ed Isabelle, noted a dec line in th e co ndi t io ni ng of the men gymna sts over the summer befo re the final trial s in September, but remarked upon the fine showings of Wayne Young and Steve Hug 1 & 2 for us in Varna. Most of th e Wettstone report dealt with ana lYsis of th e US by va ri ous international off ic ials whom he had interv iewe d. Of note from th ese interviews: Other teams are older and stronger, th e U.S. appea rs less mature and now needs more diffi culty; the team looked too simil ar and lack lustre. Highli ght men are needed. A sys tematic approach is needed and th e team should be kept together fo r longer peri ods of t ime. Th e U.S. needs more trips to Europe. It was no ted that gymnasts in the US are not wi lling to sacrifice the best years o f th ei r life. East German gymnasts do not train together fo r long periods before ma jor competition s beca use of personality prob lems.

Biomechanical Task Force Presentations Mike Jacki "A Systems Approach to Gymnastic Execution Techniques"

Th e mechanica l vs th e human factors : A mechan ica l approach is eas ier to systemat ize. Use body segmentat io n. Ski ll s invo lve va riou s numbers of body segments. Iso late indiv idua l parts and improve th e motor sk ills in the parts need ing improve ment. Progressions reduce skill s to the smallest number of requ ired segments. A sys tems app roach becomes a method of teach ing and lea rnin g motor skill s which is co nsistent, invites self-eva luat ion , prov ides an ave nue for progression, and combines skill learning w ith the requirements of technique. Gerald Calkin " Half vs Full Beat Swing on th e Parallel Bars"

Th e hal f best sw ing uses an ear ly pi ke then arch to the handstand while th e fu ll beat uses a pike to a sli ght arch to pike to handstand. Th e latte r prov ides a greate r lift fo rce by chang ing

an essenti all y circ ular swing to a lift swing. Discipli ne enabl es th e gymnast to use th e driving force of the beat swing to best advantage. Beat sw ing can be used on all the other events but some are more complex and difficult to identify. Vannie Edwards " Psychology of Gymnastic Coaching"

Motivation and communica ti on are important elements. First, es tablish in th e gymnast 's mind that she (he) can physicall y do the trick. While repetiti on helps, it pun ishes th e body. Use th e mind to con tro l th e matter (body) once it is appa rent that the tr ick ca n be done. Reinfo rcements include video-tap es, also notebooks for recording experi ences. Keep the gymnast 's mind full of positi ve th oughts. An impo rtant role of th e coach is develop ing a complete person for w hen competiti o n da ys are over. Gerald George Technique for conve rtin g hori zontal to vert ica l motion.

Th e legs are usually regarded as most important beca use of the b locking act io n and the act io ns of the t runk and arms have not been given as much atten tion . One mu st cons ider th e horizonta l disp lacement (speed) and th e angle of li ft-off w hen striving for greatest verti ca l effect. The fo reward-upward action of the arms helps contro l and govern li ft whether on a back sa ito from ff, forward saito, or in va ulting. The bodY posit io ns at li ft -o ff are similar in all 3 t ri cks. A nother key - - as the time of take-off decreases, the vert ical height increases. In va ulting, this would mean : fas t ru n, sho rt hurd le, fee t contact board ahead of body mass, vigorous upwa rd and fo reward ex tension at the right tim e to p revent lean. Dan Speraw "A n Ana lysis of Uneven Parallel Rai l Act ion "

As noted in Fritz Reiter's November 1974 co nt ri buti on to the GYMNAST, there is a rh ythm to the def lection of a ra il and return to norma lcy th rough damped v ibrati ons. M r. Speraw used a high speed camera to f ilm gymnas ts perform ing the w rap arou nd to hecht dismo unt. The deflection of the rai ls was very noticea bl e as was the act io n of the gymnast's body. In the best pe rformances, th e stomach thrusts against the bar as it r ises above the normal - - thi s impli es a "wait" on th e bar for i ts actio n. The gym nast should not arch too much or too soon if she is to achieve greatest

Mr. Olle Areborn of South African Je rry Todd presents Judges top Ho nor Award to Bill . Roetzheimm Gymnastic Assoc iation

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

lift-off. A stomach whip and rebound from the bar leaves it vibrat i ng; one must co nsider w hat happens if the ra il is con tacted o ut of phase - -often it breaks! New moves are p lacing grea ter st ress on the bars. Greater sa fety is needed. (At this point Larry Fie, speaking for the manufacturers, pointed o ut that a committee is stud ying bar safety. Th e FIG specif ies wood but in th e state of the art wi th wood toda y we ' ve gone about as fa r as possible. I t is unl ikely that a cou rt of law wou ld upho ld the need for wood ju st because the FIG says so nor wou ld the FIG necessa ril y back som eone in court in an accident case involv ing a wooden bar.) Do we need a labe l stating, " Warning, thi s wood rail can be dangerous to yo ur hea lth !" ? A. Bruce Frederick " Qualitative A nalysis in Gymnastics"

From hi s int e r es t in q ualit ati ve general iza ti ons, Dr. Frederick looked at va ri ous families of movement, e.g., Kippin g Actions. He generali zed that patterns of kipping acti o n are alike. From th is a model ca n be built , programmed into a computer, and an " idea l" patte rn generated. A lthough thi s quantifies what is basica ll y a human judgement it may lea d to co mputeri zed judgin g. Fi ve qualitative eleme nts w hich yie ld quantifying starti ng points are: Effort (in force, time, an d space), Fo rce (as a continuum fro m relaxation), Ba lance, Flexibil ity, an d Sw ing. Th e kipping action on UPB and H B was give n as an exa mple for the aud ience to work out.

Unfortunately Ernestine W eave r was unable to be present to give her pa per on " Dance Posture and Its Effect on Gymnastic Style."

National Association of High School Gymnastic Coaches

Their actions appear to open up th e way' for women coaches to take part. It was noted th at many states are using the rulebook developed by the National Federation of State Hi gh Schoo l Assoc iat ions. The NFSHC A is pub lishing a newsletter. New compulso rY exercises are being developed. The possibil ity of a national invitational fo r HS se nio rs is being investigated by the Illi nois HS Association. The idea is to put on a good show rat her than es tab lish w ho is best.

The problem of restr ictions o n practice seasons has been ta ken to court in Colorado,

Don Robinson Pres. NACGC presiding over t"chnical disscussion session

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Murie l Grossfeld and Jack ie Fi e at head tab le during banque t honors

Ballet tips for gymnastics

Jack Miles and Il ene Taylor

12

but the schoo ls dropped th e restri c tion s before the court s ac ted. A simi lar approa ch ma y reso lve this prob lem in o th er regions.

More sti cky is the prob lem of club gymn asts competing o n hi gh sc hoo l teams although th e reve rse is proba bl y, also applica b le. Most schoo ls have no rest ri ct io ns w hich ca n app ly during the summer.

Boys Junior Olympics and Age Group Development Program

Several prob lems of com muni ca tion (o r lack th ereof) surfaced w hen it became appa rent that the Men 's Techn ica l Committee had no specific rol e in d eve loping new compulsory exe rcises and had not been co nsulted whe n th e boys sect ion of the US Independ en t Clubs Assoc iation was asked by Fra nk Cumiskey to nomina te state techn ica l di rectors for boys age­group d eve lopment programs.

The compu lso ries grew o ut of a specifi c request from Frank Cumiskey to seve ral coaches (including Paul Ziert, Masayu ki Watanabe, and Franci s A ll en) at th e Olympic Deve lopment Camp in Lincoln , Nebras ka , thi s summer to prepa re a se ries of wa tered -down exe rcises from the 1976 Olymp icCompulso ri es . Th ere are 3 levels of compulso ries: begin ner, interm ed iate and advanced . The compul so ri es are aimed at all boys from 10 to 18. Th ey w ill remain in effec t until the next se t of compu lso ri es ca n be drafted from the 1980 Olympic exe rcises. Th e tex t is w ritten in FIGese w hich does make it somew hat difficu lt to interpret, but fine illustrations were p repa red by Paul Ziert and a tabl e of deductions by Frank Cumiskey.

Th ese compu lso r ies have been accepted by the USG F, AAU. and YMCA for their boys program and probablY w ill be accepted by th e high sch ool s in those areas w here compul so ri es are used. They w ill be published by th e USGF Press th is wint er.

Th e Age Group Deve lopm ent program was mod ified by the independent clubs to pa rall el th at of the girl s' program : 3 age divis;n ns - lO-11 , 12-14,1 5-18 (the AAU notes that it w ill also continue its 9 & under program) and in each division there are 3 classes: II/-beg inners, 1/ ­int ermediate, and I-adva nced. (In addition, there are Jun ior and Senior Na tion al leve ls, but these are co nsidered beyond the development leveL) This program functions during the bulk of the compet ition seasons and gives away (somewhat) to the Junior Ol ympics during the summer.

The Junio r O lYm pi c use Class 1/1 for 10-1 1, Class /I for 12-1 4, and C lass I for 15-1 8. Only at 15-18 will opt iona ls be used. The USGF State JO 's wi ll be held in June, Regionals in Jul y, and Nat io nals in August. Both th e USGF and AAU wi ll run th eir own JO 's and both wi ll use th e sa me exercises. I n some states both programs wi ll operate and provide boys seve ral opportuniti es to advance. There are man y detail s st ill to be wo rked o ut in th e USGF Prog ram alt hough th e 1974 prog ram was co nsidered successfu l.

Interpretations of the 1976 Olympic Compulsory Exercises for Men .

(Masayuki Watanabe, Abie Grossfeld, Rusty Mitchell)

Th is was a most va luab le part of th e m eetin g for man y co ll ege coaches. A summary w ill appear in a future issue of the GYMNAST.

Th ese sess ions ran on so lo ng that 2 o th er sessions for coaches we re ca nce ll ed. Thi s was unfortunate for coac hes in program s not geared towards co ll ege or in tern atio nal competition.

Th e Tabl e of Deducti o ns to th e exe rcises was ex panded by th e NGJA and presented (by fiat) to the NACGC meeting by Jon Culbertson. It w ill be published by the NGJA & USGF.

NACGC Meeting Membership o f th e NACGC now stand s at

142. More than 50 coll ege coaches attended the meeting w hi ch was presided over by Do n Robinson.

Fred Orlofsky reported on th e USCSC format for choosi ng gymnasts, coaches and off icials for the FISU Univers ity Games in Belg rad e, Sept. 11-21 , 1975. Th e NACGC w ill have 2 representati ves on th e Ga mes Committee w ith one each from the coac hes associat ions of th e NAIA and ju nio r co ll eges. Selec ti on of th e US representati ves wi ll be made by the Gam es Committee rather than by trial s.

Roger Cou nsil report ed on th e progress of the 1975 NCAA Di vision I Champion sh ips to be he ld at Ind iana Sta te U nivers ity in Te rre Hau te, Ind iana, April 3-5, 1975. Th e o ld warm -up procedures w ill be used as th ere is no t a se parate warm-up gym.

Jerry Wright w ill rece ive all the dual meet resu lt s fo r t he sta ti sti ca l report ing se rv ice.

Art Aldritt report ed that the resea rch aCwa rds in gymnast ics are open for U.S. researchers onl y. Th ere are 4 of these $100 awards given at the 4 majo r Christmas gym nast ics clinics. Coach of the Year ba ll ots wi ll go out in th e first wee k in March.

A special se rvice awa rd for meritorious se rv ice to the NACGC went to A rt Aldritt. An NACGC Ho nor Coach Award was mad e to Chuck Keeney, a 1935 Tumb ling Champion, trampolini st, coac h, teacher and author, and long-t im e cham pio n o f gymn as ti cs.

Eric Hughes (U niversi ty of Was hington) announced a resea rch study of shou ld er injur ies sus tained o n rin gs and asked fo r cooperato rs.

Official score shee ts are obta inable from Bill Roetzheim.

Th e NACGC coaches approved as an alternat e board for champ io nship use (mea ning th e reg ular board wi ll also be ava ilable) a new board w ith a sprin g steel base. It meets NCAA specificat ions.

Don Rob inson , NACGC Pr es id e nt , undertook th e tas k of fie lding th e Sounding Board for th e Ru les Committee.

Gymnastics in Russia Igor Solidov, a Master of Sport in gymnastics

from Moscow State U ni versit y has been in th e U.S. fo r most of thi s yea r stud ying in hi s special tY, acoustica l phYsics. Du ring this tim e he was abl e to visit many uni versity gymnast ic program s and took part in m any d iscuss io ns. He spok e to th e NACGC on th e Russian system and field ed questions from the coaches d iplomat ica lly and wi th humor.

Youn gste rs start gy mnast ics in elementary schoo l aro und th e age of 7. At 9 th ey are refer rred to sports schools if th ey ha ve ta lent. U ntil age 11 they lea rn bas ic sk ill s w hil e th e teachers determin e w ho ca n lea rn gymnasti cs . There are 6 ca tegori es (3 each for yo unger and o luer gym nas ts) utili zing compu lso ri es unt il the age 16. A t 16, they become eli g ible fo r th e Candidate of Master o f Sport progra m and, if working, may join a sport society or, if in co ll ege, ma y compete for th eir co ll ege . Colleges wi ll have o nl y a half dozen m eets a yea r. Th ey are not rushed into the Master o f Sport Prog ram w hich may beg in at 20-22. A gym nast may compete over 11 yea rs while in co llege and may compete longe r by jo ining one of th e societ ies aft er leaving co ll ege.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

U.S.G.F. Banquet An honored guest of th e USGF was Mr. O ll e

Arebo rn , Pres ident of th e South A fri ca n Gymnasti cs Federation. He spoke of th e improve ment in Sout h Af ri ca's spo rts scen e w hich permits all races to represen t th e coun try at th e nati o nal leve l w hil e permitting a more ethni c leve l competiti o n at th e lower level. H e co nd em n ed int e rn ati ona l politica l interference in sport s and noted that South A fri ca does permit cr iti cism of th e governm ent w hich is a far cry f rom the situati on in the Eastern Block countri es.

Th e NGJA presen ted regiona l Judge o f the Year awards to: Bob Stout, Eas t; To m Chirko, Mid-East ; Gene Harlacher, Mid-West; and Do n Allin , W es t. Inducted into the Frank Cumiskey Judging Hall of Fame we re Bill Roetzheim and Les Sa svary .

Mrs. Mildred Prchal with he r friends after re ceiving "Maste r of Sports Award"

The USG F presented i ts third Master of Sport awa rd (a nd th e first to a wo man ) to Mrs. Mildred Prchal, w ho, at th e age of 79, still remains acti ve and interested in competiti ve modern gymnastics for women.

Nex t yea r's USGF Congress w ill be at th e new Marriott Hotel, Denve r, Colorado, probablY Novembe r 7~ . ~

In the Ru ss ian national Prog ram th ere is on e Hea d Na ti onal Coach but seve ral ass istant Na tional Coaches plu s a choreog rapher and tumbling coach. Th e wome n have more choreog raph ers. There are about 10 ce nters of co ncentrati o n of gym nastic acti v ity ; for men around Moscow and Kiev and for women around ByeloRussia. Communication is car ri ed out thro ugh meetin gs of the coaches, school s of coaching, plus th eir Federation and publi ca ti o ns. Their pub lica ti o ns are difficult for outs iders to obtain. Th e top gym nas ts are somewhat more likely to come from th e clubs than the coll eges because of the poorer faciliti es at the col leges and the more coaches in th e clubs. The Russ ians p lace more stress (than do the Americans, for instance) on sa fet y, and prese rving th e hea lth and psycho logy of the gymnast for a lo ng caree r.

Mr. So lidov, w hen pressed, recommended that the U.S. institute a sYstem of p rogression from th e elementary school thro ugh to sport societi es and sports clubs, that gymnasts ca n be give n the opportunities to compete ove r a longe r peri od of tim e, and that coaching in th e U.S. should be improved.

Don and Barbara Tonry Gre tch e n Dowsing

Looking for

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GYMNAST Dec. 1974

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Instructors: Will SI. Cyr, Co·Director, Woodland Gymnastics Former N .E.A.A .U. Tumbling Champion Former Coach, Wellesley H .S. · Gymnastics Team

George Wheeler, Co·Director, Woodland Gymnastics High School Coach of four college AII·Americans

Ken Henderson, Floor Exercise and Vaulting Champion Former Nationally Ranked Gymnast. Experienced, Successful Instructor .

WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 68 Hi ghland St./ Nat ick , Mass . 01760

13

Photos by : Frank Endo and Ca rl Habe rland Japan Poland

18 th World ehampion~hips Report on the Competition

by Frank Endo

After a week of rest and sightseeing in Frankfort, Vienna and Sofia , I finall y arri ved at my destination on Oct. 19th in Varna, Bulgaria , a resort c it y of approximatel y 220,000 population . Since Glenn Sundby was unable to attend, I represented the GYMNAST magaz ine for thi s Games.

Upon checking into the Shipka Hotel, about supper time, I made my way to th e dinning room. I immediately saw and met th e Australian , Great Britain, Swedish and th e Italian coaches. This was the first time that I had met Menechelli , the Italian coach, who won the Gold medal for th e floor exercise in the '64 OlYmpic Games .

While dinning, th e entire japan ese women 's team approached me. Yamashita sa id he was th e coach and Mrs. Ch ieko (ada) Tsukahara as th eir team leader. Both are presently instructors at th e Un iversity of Ph ys ica l Educa tion in Tokyo. Walkin g. out in th e lobby after supper, I noted a bu s tha t had parked in front of the hotel. The entire japanese men 's team had just returned from their workout . Boy, was thi s a surprise and a reunion fo r me! Takemoto, Endo, Tsurumi and their gymnasts, Kasamatsu, Tsukahara , Kato, Honma, Kenmotsu and Kaji ya ma . Th e entire men 's and women 's teams were all in top co ndi tion, I was informed. Th ey arriv ed early in Europe se ttin g up their training ca mp in Budapes t alo ng w ith on~ ~JS hibiti o n , prior to th ei r arrival in Varna . Kajiyama was th e newest member of the international team replacin g Nakayama who had recentl y retired .

14

Onl Y having been in the hotel for two hours, I alreadY heard rum o rs that th e japanese wou ld win, fo llowed by th e Russ ians and East Germany. I was told that th e gym for workouts were loca ted at vario us loca ti ons.

Th e fo llowing day was the day of the Opening Ceremony when all of th e participating nation s marched in and speeches

Going into the floor exercise, Carr did well with a score of 8.95 after which the others all made it in the 9's.

were made by dignatar ies. Fo llowing thi s, va ri o us group gYmnastics, tumbling, and handbalancing took place.

On O ct. 21st., the American women prepared for the compulso ry competition. Th ey were join ed with East German y, Rumania, and West Germany, in th e evening session . Th e USA started from the uneven bars, and it was felt that judging was hard on us. Eve n th e japanese felt the same. Dunbar was def initel y undersco red at 8.95 . On th e beam, we started off bad lY with a fall , Rice lost balance a couple of tim es. Anderson did very well and on ly received 8.9. This was o ur weakest event of the evening. Going into the floor exerci se, Carr did well with a sco re of 8.95 after which th e o th ers all made it in the 9's. This was our best event. Th en Howard sta rt ed o n th e va ulting w ith a 8.9 foll owed by three additi onal 8.9's. Fike received an 9.05 and ended w ith Dunbar w ith 9.15 being undersco red aga in .

Th e highest sco re for the compu lsories went to Turishcheva w ho received an 9.85 for the bars. Th e Russians were by far the bes t team there. The Americans and the j apa nese ended up on ly 0.4 apart when th e compulsor ies en ded . Th e Amer ica n and japanese dele­gatio,ls hea rd rumors that Titov of th e USSR, had informed al l of th e communist judges to keep th e sco res down on the j apanese and Ameri ca ns. Although the scores were lowered none of the FIG authorities did anything about it.

All of the gymnasts and officials were billeted in the best hotels located approximately si x mil es from th e competition site. Th erefore , each day we all boarded the bu s and I was able to see the gymnasts and offi cia ls daily. It is regretable that due to the distance, not very many English spea kin g spectators attended the Games to Bulgari a.

On Oct. 22nd , the men 's compu lsory competition started. The Ameri ca n men were in the f irst evening session with the Russ ians and other top nations. This made it difficult to watch the Ameri ca ns as I wanted to see how well the Russ ians were. We started with the vau lting and did well with Hug receiving the highest sco re of 9.25. On the parallel bars, we again did well with no breaks. Howeve r, go ing into th e high bar, our first three gymn as ts had poor dismounts and th e others hopped. Hug again had the highes t score of 9.25. Floor exercise was one of our weak events. On th e side horse we lacked swing and Hug was at 9.0, ou r best score.

I did not see much of the rings so am unab le to report on this.

Our USA gi rl s rooted all the way for our boys . I would hear th em ca lling th e gymnast name

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Steve Hug, USA

and USA, in unison, each tim e prior to the gymnasts exercise .

Th e Russians had many bad breaks . Klimenko broke and th en fell off the side ho rse. The Japanese were in a class al l by themselves w ith two 9.8 's o n the parallels and high bar.

On O ct. 23rd, th e women's opt io nals began. Our women began o n the bea m. Carr and Dunbar lost balanc e and Anderson fe ll off. This was to be our wo rst event of the evening. Going in to the floor exe rcise Dunbar hit and the crowd reall y enjoyed her routine and rece ived a 9.6 from the judges. Rice fo ll owed and topping it w ith a 9.7. In the va ulting, Ca rr did an

Bulgaria

outsta nding round-off piked somi and only rece ived a 9.4. The crowd booed and hissed for twenty minutes showing dissatisfaction over the sco re. Protest was made by the USA imm ediatel y, in wr i t in g. To ou r disappointment, th e sco re was not changed and the meet cont inu ed. On the ba rs Rice and Dunbar had major breaks. When the competition was over, the Russ ians won easil y fo ll owed by East Germany and the Romanians. We came in seventh.

On Oct. 24th the men's optionals began. I was too excited to watch the US men w hil e fi lming the Russ ians, Hungarians and the Bulgarians who were do in g so we ll that I almost

forgot about th e USA Team until th ey we nt into their th ird event w hich was the pommel horse. Actual lY, o ur men did fa irl y we ll with no ma jor breaks toward our total team sco re. The y looked good and I even had t ime to film Way n e on the pommel horse . The Japanese men that were in the last group of the evening ju st did a magnificent perfo rm ance and eas il y won the Team Champ ionships. Kasamatsu w ho accumulated the highest to tal sco res ave raged an 9.765 for his optiona ls. Our team ended up in eighth place whe n th e compet iti on ended.

EIGHTEENTH WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS TEAM FINALS

MEN

1. Japan UPN) 2. USSR (U RS) 3. East Germany (R DA ) 4. Hungary (HUN) 5. West Germany (RFA) 6. Romania (ROM ) 7. Switzerland (S l "' 8. United States (USA) 9. Czechoslovak ia (TC H)

10. Poland (PO L) 11. France (FRA) 12. Bulga ria (BU L) 13. Yugoslavia (YUG) 14. Ita ly (ITA) 15. Great Britain (G BR ) 16. South Korea (COR ) 17. Canada (CAN) 18. Finland (FI N)

571 .40 567.35 562.40 552.80 552.65 547.25 547.10 547.10 546.65 545.65 540.25 535.55 527.10 525.55 507.35 506.70 504.25 427.80

INDIVIDUAL All AROUND FINALS INDIVIDUAL EVENT FINALS MEN MEN

C&O

C&O Avg. Finals TOTAL

Avg. Finals TOTAL Free Exercise 1. Kasamatsu, S. J PN 9.675 9.700 19.375

1. Kasamatsu, S. J PN 58.050 57.450 115.500 2. Kajiyama , H. JPN 9.525 9.800 19.325 2. Andrianov , N. URS 57.475 57.900 11 5.375 3. Kera nov, A. BUL 9.525 9.700 19.225 3. Kenmots u, H. JPN 57.250 57.500 11 4.750 4. Marchenko, V. URS 9.550 9.600 19.150 4. Haji ya ma , H. JPN 56.900 57.750 114.650 5. Handsc hk e , R. RDA 9.500 9.400 18.900 5. Tsukahara , M. JPN 57.050 57.550 114.600 6. Mikae li an , E. URS 9.500 9.300 18.800 6. Mikae lian, E. URS 56.875 57.300 114.175 Pommel Horse 7. Thune , W. RDA 57.100 56.900 114.000 1. Magyar, Z. HUN 9.675 9.900 19.575 8. Szajna , A. POL 56.675 57.050 113.725 2. Andr ianov, N. URS 9.575 9.800 19.375 9. Ma rchenk o , V. URS 56.750 56.950 113.700 3. Kenmotsu, H. JPN 9.575 9.650 19.225

10. Shamugia , O. URS 56.225 57.150 113.375 4. Kasamatsu , S. JPN 9.650 9.300 18.950 11. Molnar , I. HUN 56.325 56.550 112.875 5. Molnar, I. HUN 9.475 9.400 18.875 12. Honma, F. JPN 55.900 56.700 112.600 6. Thune , W. RDA 9.450 9.050 18.450 13. Safronov, V. URS 55.625 56.950 112.575 Still Rings 14. Gie nger, E. RFA 55.825 56.150 111.975 1. Andrianov , N. URS 9.725 9.800 19.525 15. Magyar, Z. HU N 55.900 55.850 111 .750 1. Grecu , D. ROM 9.725 9.800 19.525 16. Handschk e , R. RDA 55.500 55.850 111.350 3. Szajna, A. POL 9.575 9.650 19.225 17. Moessinger, W. RFA 55.350 55.850 111.200 4. Tsuk ahara , M. JPN' 9.575 9.550 19.125 18. Grecu , D. ROM 55.800 55.400 111.200 5. Bors, M. ROM 9.500 9.500 19.000 19. Ro hner, P. SU I 55.500 55.650 111.150 6. Thune, W. RDA 9.475 9.450 18.925 20. Netusi l, M. TC H 55.275 55.850 111.125 Side Horse Vault 21. Jaege r, B. RDA 56.450 54.600 111.050 1. Ka sama tsu , S. JPN 9.700 9.625 19.325 22. Mack, L. RDA 55.275 55.750 111.025 2. And ria nov, N. URS 9.725 9.525 19.250 23. Donath , F. HUN 55.125 55.750 110.875 3. Hajiyama, H. JP 9.600 9.625 19.225 24. Boe ri o, H. FRA 54.975 55.800 110.775 4. Szajna, A. POL 9.675 9.500 19.175 25. Young, W. USA 55.075 55.550 110.625 5. Kenmotsu , H. JPN 9.625 9.450 19.075 26. Hug, S. USA 55.000 55.550 110.550 6. Molnar, I. HUN 9.625 9.125 18.750 27. Grosze, O. RDA 54.675 55.850 110.525 Parallel Bars 28. Jorek , E. RFA 54.200 56.000 110.500 1. Kenmot su , H. JP N 9.675 9.700 19.375 29. Bretsche r, R. SU I 55.050 55.400 110.450 2. Andria nov, N. URS 9.725 9.600 19.325 30. Spies, G. RFA 54.675 55.350 110.025 3. Marchenko, V. URS 9.550 9.300 18.850 31. Vock , A. SU I 54.700 55.100 109.800 4. Haji yama, H. JP 9.475 8.800 18.275 32. Kiss, I. HU N 54.375 55.300 109.675 5. Jaege r, B. RDA 9.550 8.550 18.100 33. Ta nnen be rger, G. TCH 54.700 54.950 109.650 6. Thune, W. RDA 9.525 8.100 17.625 34. Klotz , W. RDA 55.900 52.850 108.750 High Bar 35. Oprezcu, N. ROM 54.725 46.150 100.875 1. Gienge r,E. RFA 9.650 9.850 19.500 36. Arnabo ld i, M. SU I 54.450 26.250 80.700 2. Thune, W. RDA 9.700 9.750 19.450 38. Whelan, G. USA 54.325 3. Kenmotsu , H. JP 9.575 9.700 19.275 41. Whelan, J. USA 54.150 3. Szajna , A. POL 9.625 9.650 19.275 45. Simmons, B. USA 53.750 5. Jaeger, B. RDA 9.600 9.650 19.250 57. Ivicek, J. USA 53.425 6. Tsukahara , M. JPN 9.750 9.150 18.900

GYMNAST Dec. 1974 15

INTERVIEW B Y M R. F RANK ENDO WI TH M R. TAKASHI K ONDO, F. I. G. V I CE PRESIDENT I N VAR NA, B ULGA RIA DURING TH E WORLD GAMES I N

OCTOBER 1974, PRIOR T O THE COMPETITION

Frank Endo: When was the final Japanese World Games Trials held and who made the men's team? Takashi Ko ndo: O ur final tri als was held in Ju ly . K~sa mat su emerged as o ur bes t gymn as t to be represented in Va rna. O th ers who made the tea m are Kenmo tsu, Ho nma, Ts uka hara, Kato, Kaji ya ma and Fujimo to as our altern ate. Endo: There are two new members that have not competed on any World or Olympic Games - namely Kajiyama and Fujimoto. How old are they and where are they from? Kondo : Kaji yama is 21 yea rs o f age and is presentl y a student at N ihon Un iversity . He is presentl y our co lleg iate champ ion. Fu j imoto is 24 yea rs of age and is presentl y employed by th e Ki yo Ba nk. He p laced 7th in the A ll-Japa n Na ti ona l Championships. E: What kind of training have the teams gone through before arriving in Varna? K: We have had severa l tea m wo rko uts in Japa n. However, p ri or to th e co mpe titio n, we trained fo r two wee ks in Bu dapest along w ith one ex hibi t io n th ere. A t thi s time, all of our men and wo men are in good conditio n. E: Do you expect any strong challenge? K: Th ere are seve ral good gymnas ts but le t us wa it as good gymnas ts do brea k and fall under press ure.

. E: Did you have an FIG meeting to make any changes in the rules, etc.? K: No meetin g was held . E: Then, when will the new Code of Points be made available and how long will it be good for? K: It w ill be ava ilabl e in th e o ff icial language of French late in 1975. Th e En gli sh speak ing countri es w ill th en translate it for th eir gro up. So it will p ro babl Y no t be until ea rl y in 1976 w hen yo ur country rece ives th em. E: During the recent Asian Games that you attended, the Japanese men's team lost to the Chinese. Are the Chinese really that strong?

, K : Our first tea m was prepa rin g fo r th e Wo rl d Games so our second tea m went. We had an injury so no ne of o ur gymnasts co uld affo rd a mistake. However, we were surp ri sed to no te that the Chi nese make very few brea ks. We take more ri sks so we have to be ve ry ca reful. E: Do the Chinese receive any gymnastic aids from the Russians or any other country? K: I do not beli eve so. Prev io uslY, th e Ru ss ians did t ra in th em. Now th ey are traveling to many countri es and are lea rnin g a great deal. Since th eir body structure is practi ca ll y th e sa me as th e japanese, I would say th at th ey co uld become a wo rl d power in th e nea r fu ture. E: If they compete now in a World Games, how strong would you say they would be?

16

K: They are good gymnasts . Th e mens team cou ld proba bl y be the fourth bes t. E: Since they are not a member of the FIG, will they be able to become a member so that they can compete in the World and Olympic Games? K: Taiwan is p rese nt ly th e member and o nl y one China is recog nized at thi s time. Since thi s is a po liti ca l matter, it is best th at we wait and see. E: Why is it that so many good Japanese men and women gymnasts leave Japan after graduating college? K: Coachi ng pos iti o ns are lim ited but since we have ma ny good gymnasts, . many ta ke t he adva ntage o f hi gher ed uca ti o n along w ith their gym nas ti c expe rience and travel ab road. W hile there, they receive coaching posit io ns. E: What do you think of holding the next World Gymnastics Championships in Japan? K: We ce rtain lY would li ke to host it. However, th e countri es pa rti cipat ing are mostl y f rom Europe. It wo uld cost them too much money to make such a tri p . The st ro nger countries would come but many o f the wea ker tea ms wo uld no t pa rti cipat e. W e have thought of thi s bu t have no plans in the nea r fut ure. E: Can you add anything that you would like to add in closing? K: Yes . We have wo n fo ur Olymp ics as far as th e men 's team is concerned. If we win thi s Wo rld Ga me, it w ill be o ur fou rth also . Th is w ill be an internati o nal reco rd . We mu st w in ! Ke nmo tsu won th e A ll- Around in th e last World Games. We are hoping that o ne o f ou r gymnasts w ill aga in wi n this titl e as we have a very strong team .

Mr. Takashi Kondo (l e ft) greets Mr. Frank Endo

An Appraisal of the Girls' Performance

by Minot Simons II

Sh ortl y befo re left fo r Varna, Bud Ma rqu ette talked about th e girl s' poss ibiliti es and sa id we 'd be lucky if we placed ninth . Well, I guess we we re lucky in a back-handed so rt of way : we placed seventh. Th e bittern ess and frustratio n still remain , however, becau se, of course, we should have placed third . It was ano ther lesson in pol iti ca l sports but thi s tim e it was much wo rse. W e suffered from prejudiced judgi ng in M unich w here we placed fo urth ; at Va rn a we suffered from an open and b latant exercise of raw power and we dropped three pla ces. It was not all bad news, however.

Th e Eighteenth W o rld Championships o f Gymnasti cs held O ctober 20th through 27th in the Go lden Sands reso rt area o n the Black Sea coast just west of Varna , Bulgari a, was th e first tim e since th e Ol Ympi cs th at the Ameri can girl s had confronted the Soviets, th e East Germans, and others in a major international competition . It was an opportunit y to appraise what has happened since M unich and to gain an understanding of w hat is likely to happen in M o ntrea l.

Th e o rder of eve nts o f th e meet was as fo llows : th e meet las ted seven days, eight if you include the night o f t he opening ceremonies. Days one and two were fo r compul sory exercises, women and men. Days three and fo ur we re fo r o p tio nal exercises, women and men. Days fi ve and six were fo r optio nal exe rcises fo r the to p thirty -six compet ito rs, wo men and men. Th e seventh day, or rath er evening, wa s rese rved fo r th e ind ividual eve nt f ian li sts, ~ i x women and six men for each event. The tea m titl e was decided after the third da y fo r women and th e fo urth day fo r men. The all­around ind ivid ual tit le was decided alter th e filth day for women and th e sixth day for men . And th e ind iv idual event ti t les we re decided on th e seventh day fo r both wo men and men . Th e

. cl osing ceremo ni es and special awards we re on the seventh day.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

USSR

USA

It was not possible, of course, to see everything. The American gir ls were always on at the same time as the East Germans and the West Germans. So in mentally pulling for the American girls, one cou ldn 't do more than catch a glimpse of the Germans. Sim il arly, during the top thirty-six competition , the American girl s were always performing at th e same time. Consequently, it was like watching ping-pong to trY to observe, for examp le, Diane Dunbar o n beam, joan Rice on floor, and janette Anderson o n bars all at the same time. However, ce rtain co nclusions we re evident.

1. The Soviet girls are sti ll far and away the best. Ludmilla Tourishcheva and Olga Korbut are number o ne and number two and they continue to fight th eir own private battle. They are appa rently good friends but Olga wants so desperately to be number one that it cannot help but create a st rain. To the American team, it appeared she was up aga inst the same pre-

On the unevens, both Ludmilla and Olga had to bow to Annelore Zinke of East Germany. At 5'1 ", 961bs, this 15 year old girl from Berlin was the charmer of the finals. arranged judging as we were. It was as though the judges had decided Ludmilla w ill be champ ion but that we ' ll throw Olga a bone. Thi s is hard for me to say because I am an ardent fan also of Ludmilla. Neverthe less, in fairness to Olga I think it shou ld be sa id .

2. Olga won vaulting finals with a superb demonstration of ski ll and training. Her first va ult included a full turn in pre-flight with a back somersault off; her second vault included a full turn in pre-flight with a full turn off. Both va ults were faultlessly executed and she earned 9.85. Ludmilla 's first va ult was a handspring followed by a full turn and won her a 9.5; her

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

second vau lt was a half turn followed by a back somie which she missed. It is hard to co nceive of Ludmilla 's getting an 8.6 in anyth ing but that was w hat she got and wit h a 9.6 average, placed second. Actuall Y, Olga would probab ly ha ve won even if Ludmilla had not stumbl ed but her fault clinched it for Olga. During closing ceremonies, Olga received a special awa rd for her vau lting.

A greater increase in difficulty in comparison to Munich was observed in vau lting th an in th e other events. Thi s was undoubted ly due to the downgrading in difficulty of the ya mashita from 10.0 to 9.7 and to the requirement that optional vau lt s inc lude a turn. Most of the·finals vaults, other than those of Olga Korbut, were handspring full turn , yamas hita fu ll turn , or half turn back somie.

3. On the unevens, both Ludmilla and Olga had to bow to Anne lore Zinke of East Germany. At 5'1", 96 Ibs, this 15 yea r old gi rl from Berlin was the charmer of the fina ls. Her figure is reminiscent of Karin j anz; her face and smile, of Audrey Hepburn. She won 9.9 in the fina ls and a special awa rd for the difficulty of her routine. Here, thanks to the photographic memories of Debbie Fike and Barbie Myslak are both routines:

Olga Korbut, USSR

USSR Spain

Zi nke: mount front somie over low bar, catch high bar, half turn, drop, g lide kip double shoot, kip to high bar, squat on high bar, Korbut back sam ie, eagle catch full turn catch, drop glide double leg shoot, kip cast handstand, half turn bea t front somie between the bars, long hang kip cast hecht dismount, feet together.

Olga 's routine was virtuall y the same one she used at Munich, during her 1973 U.S. tour, and at Expo: kip ca tch, k ip to high bar, stoop on fron t sa le ci rcle to back somie regrasp high bar, wrap to eag le, drop double leg shoot, kip to high bar, stoop throu gh, drop forwa rd roll to low bar, cas t handstand on low bar, layover high bar, frOllt roll , st raight body cas t handstand on high bar, half turn, stomach w hip on low bar, stoop ove r, k ip stoop back sa le circle, back som ie .off, lay-out positi o n.

There was cons iderable discussion among the American girl s as to which is the more difficult. Olga won a 9.8 and placed second. I leave it to the reader to decide hi s or her own opin ion. In any case, Zinke is a girl to be reckoned w ith . It will be exciti ng to see how she has developed by Montreal when she wil l be all of 17. Lucky Penn Staters w ill see her in

17

D ecember 1975 when th e Eas t Germ ans are slated to come th ere.

4. Al l t he o th er Sov iet gir ls - Tou ri shcheva , Saa di , Sikharulidze, Dronova , and Kim -empl oyed o ne and a half turns during t heir ba rs ro utines. In fact, Touri shcheva used two o ne and a half tu rns.

5. Th ere we re no startling new technica l deve lopments o n bea m. My principal recoll ect ion of beam is th at it was an event in w hich o ur gi rl s we re grosslY undersco red. Ou r average during co mpu lso ri es was 8.90; during optionals it was 8.85. joan Ri ce, our highest scorer, received 9.2 in opt ionals fo r a superb rou ti ne on w hich at Anaheim she got 9.55. Thi s 0.35 di spar ity was typ ica l of o ur t rea tment throughout t he meet. (M ore on judging late r).

6. It was perhaps in f loo r exe rcises that th e Soviets most viv idly demonstrated their superi o rity. M ost not iceab ly thi s occurred during th e f irst nigh t's compulso ri es . Compulsories are generall y not known fo r th eir exc itement; thi s is reserved for optio nals. However, to me the most elect ri fy ing moments of th e w ho le meet occurred during the Sov iets'

Diane Janette outdid

and were

Joan Rice ... Dunbar, ... and Anderson ... themselves well received.

co mp ulso rY floo r exe rcise. Th ese girl s were on fire. Th eir motio ns were dazz ling, in tense. Perhaps it was the element of ,urpri se that most affected me; but w hatever i t was, I had no argument w ith t heir scores: th e Soviets averaged 9.7. Th e nea rest co mpetito rs, th e East Germans, averaged 9.3. If you have a chance to see mov ies ·o f the meet try to see th e compulsory f loo r exe rc ises; the opti onals, of course, you w ill see during their U.S. tou r.

7. In o pti o nal fl oo r exercise, I would not have been so generous. In f inals, the Soviets swept the field , tak ing the fir st f ive places. An gelika H ellmann of East Germany p laced sixt h. A fter I had wa tched the fin als, I co uld not help thinking that j oa n Ri ce would have p laced third, fo urth, o r f i ft h if she had had th e chance. Why she d id not have the chance is exp lai ned later. In fa irness, I would li ke to say that O lga • Korbu t's ro uti ne is as ca ptivat ing and d iff icult as ever; she pl aced second with 9.8. Lud mill a won finals w ith a 9.9. Ludmilla surpri sed us in th ird night opti onals and th e competiti o n o f th e top thirty-six girl s w ith two separate rout ines - one ·to jazz and th e second to a cl ass ica l pi ece, th e first movement o f TchaikovskY's First Pi ano Conce rto . At a press co nference she sa id she had still ano ther ro ut ine but would repeat her third night 's routin e during fin als because it had been so we ll rece ived. Lu dmill a sa id she th ought a gymnast sho uld be ab le to perfo rm more than o ne ro utine.

The Sovi et routines during fin als were all simil ar in style - se t to modern or Span ish m usic th at enab led t hem to use modern dance rath er than class ica l elements. A ngelika Hellmann was th e onl y finali st to use class ica l music.

The America n girl s received thei r best sco res in floo r exercise. During th e co mpeti t io n of th e top thi rty-six, joan Rice rece ived 9.6, Diane Dunbar 9.55, and Janette Anderson 9.40. A ll three girl s o utd id th emselves and were well rece ived. In parti cular, th e aud ience was turn ed o n by Diane Dunbar 's deli ghtfu l, p laYful

18

Ludmilla Turishcheva, USSR

ro ut ine, about w hich I have w ritten befo re, ana we re all clapping in rhythm . I'm sure if her na me had been Dunbarova, her 9.55 wou ld have been 9.85.

A ll our girl s did we ll d uri ng opt ional floo r exe rc·ise o n the third , o r op ti o nals day of wo men's co mpeti ti o n. j oa n was tops aga in with 9.7, Diane received 9.6, janette Anderson 9.55, and th e overall average was 9.51. We we re firs t up on f loor and see ing th ese sco res, I though t we we re f ina ll y off to th e races . However, the nex t event was bars and we ran in to th e sa me stone wa ll of harsh ju dgi ng that we had had on M onday night, th e night of th e compulsor ies. Ou r average was 8.91. Debbie Fi ke was awa rded a 9.05 fo r a ro utine which she herse lf described as the best she'd ever done. U.S. Na ti o nal Tea m coach M uriel Grossfe ld sa id she had had no breaks. W here ou r girls may no t have done th eir best, th ere we re other elements invo lved besides rough judging. I

think th ey were all a bit demo rali zed fro m th e grossly unfai r judg ing of the fi rst n ight 's co mpu lso ri es. Th en the re we re th e well orga nized, loud, and lusty cheering sect ions of the East and West Germa ns, w ho se teams were on at the same time as the Amer icans. It was not so effecti ve duri ng f loo r exercise w hen ou r girl s had the benefit of Art Maddox 's p laY ing to sustain them. However, in o th er events, o ur gi rl s cou ld be in the III idst of a routi ne and al l of a sudde n a deafening shout would go up aso ne of the Ge rmans fi ni shed an even t. This is all part of th e ga me, of co urse, and is pa r t of the season ing p rocess of in te rn ationa l competiti o n. On the o ther hand, th e dozen o r so Ameri ca ns present could hardl y lend much suppo rt and I thin k o ur girls must have felt ve ry much alo ne. In fa irness to our good fr iends t he West Germans, I sh ould say that th ey appreciated the un fa irness of this situati o n and th e grossly unfair judging we had been subjected to . Consequently, th ey began to cheer for us w heneve r th ey co uld.

Th e Sov iets, w ho ca me on in th e next gro up, had the lo udest cheeri ng section o f all. Every time a Soviet man o r girl fini shed an event,

loan Rice, USA

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

there would be a great shout and yo ung men wou ld stand, waving red flags and chant ing : "Go, SovYETT! Go, SovYETT! Go, SovYETT! Go, SovYETT! " What effect this had upon the judging is hard to say but it certa inl y made the Soviet girls feel at home. Time now to talk about judging.

Judging Th e judging at the Eighteenth World

Championships at Varna will , I think , be remembered as the worst the United States has ever suffered. We were ca ught between the solidarity of the commu nist countri es and the determination of Madame Nagy to see to it that Hungary won the third spot. We had no counter-plan of our own ; we were li ke lambs led to the slaughter.

Madame Nagy's determinat ion on behalf of the Hu ngarian team was evident whenever that team was on the floor. As President of th e Women' s Technical Committee of the F.I.G., she was senior judge present on the floor and was in te lephone communication with all her judges. Frequent phone ca ll s were especiall y

An impartial audience consisting largely of Bulgarians, other East Europeans, and West Europeans began an immediate protest. Whistling was almost instantaneous;

noticeab le during Hungari an performances and more than one sco re wa s seen to have been raised.

Looking at the list of judges, one could see that of the four judges for each event, in almost every case, two were from the eastern block

INDIVIDUAL EVENT FINALS WOMEN

C&O

VAULT Avg.

1. Korbut , O. URS 9.600 2. Tau ri shc heva , l. URS 9.700 3. Pe rdykulova, B. TC H 9.475 4. Goreac, A. ROM 9.475 5. He llmann, A. RDA 9.450 6. Siharu li dze, R. URS 9.450

UNEVEN PARALLEL BARS 1. Zinke, A. RDA 9.750 2. Korbut, O . URS 9.775 3. To uri shc heva, l . URS 9.700 4. Hellmann, A. RDA 9.650 5. Schme isse r, R. RDA 9.600 6. MedvedskY, R. HUN 9.550

BEAM 1. Tour ishc heva, l. URS 9.875 2. Korbut, 0 1. URS 9.725 3. Kim, N. URS 9.450 4. Dronova, N. URS 9.500 5. Goreac, A. ROM 9.350 6. He llmann , A. RDA 9.525

FLOOR EXERCISE 1. Touri shcheva, l. URS 9.875 2. Korbut , O. URS 9.800 3. Siha rulid ze, R. URS 9.750 3. Saadi , E. URS 9.750 5. Dro nova , N. URS 9.575 6. He ll man , A. RDA 9.600

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

~i~~ Finals TOTAL

9.850 19.450 9.500 19.200 9.600 19.075 9.550 19.025 9.400 18.850 9.450 17.900

9.900 19.650 9.800 19.575 9.800 19.500 9.700 19.350 9.650 19.i 50 9.500 19.050

9.850 19.725 9.800 19.525 9.750 19.200 9.600 19.100 9.550 18.900 9.100 18.625

9.900 19.775 9.800 19.600 9.800 19.550 9.800 19.550 9.700 19.275 9.600 19.200

countr ies or the Sov iet Union. It was a simple matter for these judges to boost the commun ist countries and to knock down those that posed a threat. And make no mistake about it: the United States is rega rded as a definite threat to their hegemony of gymnastics. Consider this one example:

During the floor exerc ise of the thirty-six, both Joan Rice and Nina Dronova of the Soviet Union scored 9.7 . Their averages from the

TEAM FINALS WOMEN

Team TOTAL

1. USS R (URS) 384.15 2. East Germany (R DA ) 376.55 3. Hun gary (HU N) 370.60 4. Romania (ROM ) 369.30 5. Czechoslovak ia (TCH ) 368.45 6. Japan (lPN) 362.90 7. United States (USA) 362.50 8. West Ge rm any (RF A) 361.00 9. Bulga ria (BUl ) 354.90

10. Poland (Pal) 353.65 11 . Canada (CAN) 351.25 12. Ho lland (HaL) 347.65 13. Ita ly (ITA) 344.55 14. France (FRA) 343.80 15. Switze rland (SU I) 343.05 16. Norway (NOR) 340.10 17. Grea t Britain (GBR) 337.95 18. Yugoslavia (YUG) 336.05 19. Be lgium (BEL ) 335.20 20. Spain (ESP) 328.00 21. Austra lia (AUS) 327.50

Ludmilla Turishcheva. USSR 22. Sweden (SUE) 325.45

EIGHTEENTH WORLD GAMES CHAMPIONSHIPS VARNA, BULGARIA

WOMEN INDIVIDUAL FINALS

C&O Avg. Finals TOTAL

1. Touri shc heva, l . URS 39.150 39.300 78.450 2. Korbut , O. URS 38.900 38.750 77.650 3. He llmann, A. RDA 38.225 38.225 76.875 4. Saadi , E. URS 37.875 38.550 76.425 5. Siha ruli dz e l. URS 37.850 38.550 76.400 6. Zin ke, A. RDA 37.725 38.600 76.325 7. Dronova, N. URS 37.775 38.350 76.125 8. Go reac, A. ROM 37.625 38.300 75.925 9. Sch meisser, R. RDA 37.475 38.050 75.525

10. Medvedsk y, K. HU 37.525 37.950 75.475 11 . Ro ehri ch, B. RDA 37.300 38.150 75.450 12. G ri go ras, A. ROM 37.325 37.800 75.125 13. Ge ri sc h, .H. RDA 37.025 37.900 74.925 14. Abel , I. RDA 37.025 37.150 74.175 15. Knopova , J. TCH 36.725 37.450 74.175 16. Dobre , A. ROM 36.300 37.850 74.150 17. Nagy, Z. HUN 36.950 37.200 74.150 18. Rice, J. USA 36.225 37.900 74.125 19. Dornakova, Z. TCH 37.275 36.800 74.075 20. Egervari HU 36.625 37.450 74.075 21. Smo li kova , D. TC H 36.725 37.250 73.975 22. Csaszar, M . HU 37.375 36.450 73.825 23. Schorn, U. RFA 36.525 )7.050 73.575 24. Matula i, Z. HUN 36.575 37.000 73.575 25 . Hayas hi da , F. JPN 36.175 37.300 73.475 26. Dunbar, D. USA 36.200 37.250 73.450 27. Perdykulova, B. TCH 36.350 37.050 73.400 28. Yabe, N. )rN 36.300 37.050 73.350 29. Ca mpe lea , E. ROM 36.475 36.850 73.325 30. Soukupova, V. TCH 36.500 36.700 73.200 31. Ba nfai , A. HU 36:325 36.800 73.125 32. Sabu, R. ROM 36.225 36.250 72.475 33. Buj nackova, Z. TCH 36.375 35.900 72.275 34. lo n, P. ROM 36.350 35.300 71.650 35. Anderson, J. USA 36.150 35.350 71.500 36. Matsuhi sa, M. JP 36.225 27.350 63.575 41. Fike, D. USA 36.025 42. Howard, K. USA 35.950 48. Carr,A. USA 35.575

19

.... ;S lA D

"

" *BULS

previous nights' compet itions were also the same. Consequently they were tied and it happened that they were tied at sixt h pl ace. Thi s would have admitted Joan ie to th e finals of the floor exercise on the last night. Madame Demidenko of the Soviet Un ion, the Superio r Ju dge, actua ll y ca ll ed one of the judges over and instructed her to ra ise Dronova 's sco re. Thi s was done. Dronova placed sixth in fl oo r and Joan ie, seventh ; she was, th erefo re, knock ed out of the fina ls. Our own judge, Delene Darst, was one of th e floor exe rcise judges and so w itnessed thi s who le proceed ing.

We all had our chance loud ly and strong ly to protest the judging of the American gi rl s during the optiona l va ulting. Ann Carr performed a beautiful va ult which included a half turn on with a back somie off. It was perfectly executed and all of us expected her to get a 9.7 or a 9.8. She got a 9.4. This was the straw that broke the · came l's ba ck. An impartial audience consisting largelY of Bulgari ans, other East Europeans, and West Europeans having for two days witn essed the outrageous scores being given the Amer ica n gi rl s, began an immed iate protest. Whistling was almost instantaneous; this was short ly followed by

20

.....---I·HSU

Olga Korbut, USSR

loud booing; and then by rh ythmic clapping of hand s. Thus bega n a demonstration that went on for twenty minutes and brought the meet to a standstill. A Czech girl tri ed to begin herfloor exe rcise but was shouted down and had to quit becau se she couldn ' t hear the music. Muriel Grossfeld played th e demonstration for all it was worth and resolute ly refused to let Diane Dunbar, our nex t vaulter, do her vau lt in spite of the vigorous urging of Madame Nagy who had come to h er after a conference with the judges. Muriel coo lly and calmly sa id there was just too much noi se and besid es the judging matter had not been resol ved. I must say I was bursting with pride to see her standing up to all the pressure that was being brought to bear on her. It was hea rtwarming to see the concert of action between coac h and spectato rs in this emotional outpouring of protest against out rageous judging.

In the end the meet continued. The sco re was not altered and it was so me time before the place became quiet aga in . It was really the culmination of damage that had been largelY done Monday night. The strategy had obv iously been to hit the Americans hard right off the bat so they would quick'l y cease to be a threat.

comments---Readers of "Gymnast" magazine are too well

awa re of the situation for me to prolong a repetition of the fact that we do not get a fair shake in major inte rnational competiti ons. It is necessary to emphasize, however, because we need to be reminded that we are not go ing to do well at Montrea l mere ly by sending a topnotch team w hich then performs - in topnotch fash ion. We cou ld st ill be seventh . This bu sin ess of intern ati o nal athletic competition is not simpl y ath let ics on a grander scale. For the comm unists it is a deadly se ri o us business which for athletes, coaches, and officals decides w hether they con tinue to receive their pa y and privil eges . Consequently, they not on ly do their bes t but also bring to bear on judges and officials all the influence they can.

One thing we need, I think, is a broader basis of support. Instead of being a team of gymnasts sent to a competition by a hardworking but small gymnastic federation , we should have at least the vocal support of a considerable segment of the Federal Government. And the communists should kn ow about it too. The personal presence of Members of Congress would be ext remely beneficial. It is an unfortunate co inc idence that the Olympics and the World Championships take place right in th e midst of elections. Ju st th e sa me, their support cou ld help and gain ing that support is someth ing that can be undertaken by anyone and everyone in our fifty states. A few words to Soviet Ambassador Anato ly Dobrynin by a senior Senator would not do any harm at all. After all , when the Soviet teams compete, th ey have the backing of the entire Soviet government.

This ed itoria li zing is appropriate, I think, because we must realize first that we cannot go on as we are and second that a contest like Varna severely damages the morale of our girls. The girls who went to Varna had spent f rom a third to a half (for Joan Rice and Janette And erson) of their young lives preparing for this event. They came away wondering whether it had all been worth it. The girls we send to Montreal wi ll come away feeling the same way unless we undertake a strategy of winning that goes beyond the selection and training of athletes.

There is some encouragement in the fact that everyone knew w hat was going on at Varna. West German correspondents filed stor ies describing the judging against the Am eri cans as scandalous. And, of course, there was friendship among the gymnasts themselves. At th e offic ial party ce lebrati ng the final night , one tended to forget about the judging in watching, for example, attractive .Janette Anderson dancing with Greek god- like Niko lai Andreanov.

What about the future - the 1976 OlYmpics at Montreal , the 1978 World Championships, and of course the 1980 Olympics in Moscow? Something is going to have to be done and it will take th e clearest thinking of all of us to reverse the process. ~

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Action Photos from Varna

R5T GW

OlOP x ~ bulge PIIlC18A .......... ) , ,.

Mrs. Renee P. Hendershott 17605 Fries Avenue

Lal.ewood, Ohio 44107

news 'n notes

g " iii 00 c:

'" c:

" <3 o v .'" c: iii E o ~

4.* Team -Use new ru Ie listed

on right. ...

S.*New penalties for landings:

e. If gymnast executes two simple vault s J nd one turn is lacking , the better vault wi ll be subject to a penalty of 1 point.

f. Scor ing is applied to the two va ults. The better executed one counts.

g. The gymnast is ex pected to pe"form two vault s. If she present s o nl y one, there wi ll be a penalty of 1 point o n the mark awarded.

4 .• Tea m - Of the 12 vau lts executed by each team no more than 6 may be the same. The penalt y is 0.3 '-or each va ult in excess of 6.

6. Giant Cartwheel w ith V, turn out

7. Gia nt Ca rt whee l w ith fu ll turn out

8. Handspr ing 9. Yl turn into

handstand w ith \I, turn out (\1, - \1, ) 10. Handspring w ith

full turn out 11 . Yl turn into

handstand w ith fu ll turn out 12. Yamashita 13. Yamashita with \I}

turn out 4. Yamashita w ith iull

turn o ul 15. Giant Ca rt whee l

w ith Jj., turn off 16. Handspring wi th

l V, forward tu ck somersa ult out 17. Handspring w ith

l V, fo rwa rd p iked somersault o ut

18 . V.1 t llrn inl O Use new rules listed on rr ght fIG Code of

p(Jints '71f75 .~

5. *Ne\v penalties for landings: (vaulting, f loor exerc ise, bea m , bars)

a. Fall o n the buttocks 1.00 poi nt b. Distinct support

with one or two hands. 1.00

c. Touching the floor w ith o ne or two hands. 0.50 po int

handstand w it h 1 \I, backwa rd tuck somersault out 19. \I, turn into

handstand wit h 1 \I, ba c kward piked somersault o ut

20. V, turn into

Rules Rules as they stand fo r all under - National Class I, II and III meets *Some of the ru Ie changes in the right hand column are also effective fo r lower levels. Th ey are marked'

Changes Changes in FIG Code of Points effective for all Elite and national competitions during 1974-1975 (From Septemb er 20th bulletin put out by Mrs. Jackie Fie , USGF­WTC Cha irman)

V(Ju/t Rules

1. " Class I, I I, III wi ll continue to use the lower level FIG vaults ma in tain ing their same va lue. " (USG F-WTC June 1st meeting)

2. Use old va lues for these vaults: Handspring points

10.00

Yamashita 10.00 points Giant cartwhee l 9.80 points 3. No special rules for vau lting finals Meets at under-national levels do not have "Finals" as a rule.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Changes 1. The fo l lowing va ults have been eliminated: #1 - Str add le (horizontal) #2 - Layout Squat #3 - Layout Stradd le #4 - Stoop (horizontal ) #5 - Layout Stoop #8 - Hi gh Fro nt through Handstand #14 - Handstand V, turn 2. New Scori ng of va ult s: Handspring 9.70 points Yamashita 9.70 points Giant Cartwheel 9.70 points

3. Prescriptions for va ulting final s:

a. Two different vaults performed by each gymnast. b . One of the vaul ts

must include a length­w ise or crossw ise turn .

c. The va ults may be of the same kind , one simp le, the ot her wi th a turn. d. It is permi ss ible to

execut e two va ult s with turn s, but in thi s case the turns must be different.

o

6. Use old vault numbers as found on pages 12 to 18 in FIG Code of Points but remember to use the 10.00 value fo r the handspring va ult.

d. Fall on the knees 0.50 point

e . Tou ching th e apparatus with the body after landing on the floor. 0.50 f. The same mistakes

committed during the floor exerc ise will be p enali zed in the sa m e manner.

6. New Tabl e of Va ults 1. Hecht va ult 2. Hecht Vault with a

full turn 3. Giant Cartwheel 4. Giant Cartwheel -

1;4 turn out 5. Handstand w ith \I,

pi vot turn Cartwhee l o ut.

to

SOME OF THE " NEW" RULES ARE REALLY NOT SO NEW (marked") BETTER TAKE A LOOK

handstand with l Yl backward streteched somersault out

21. Giant Cartwhee l wi th 1 y, backward tuck somersa ult out wi th \I, turn inward

22. G iant Cartwheel wi th 1 V} backward piked somersault out with 14 turn inwa rd

23. Giant Ca rt wheel with 1 \I, side tuck somersau lt o ut

24. Giant Ca rt wheel wit h 1 V, side piked somersa ult out

25. handspring w ith full turn to optional second flight 26. 1 V, forward tuck

somersault to hand stand w ith optional second ilig ht

New score requirements for USGF age group program

MEET

Class III

The mandate

Class II

The mandate

Class I

LOCAL

None

Approved at June 1st Meeting USGF-WTC

SECTIONAL

None

STATE

Compulsory 6.00 A ll-Around 24.00

REGIONAL

No competition at thi s level

NATIONAL

No compet ition at thi s leve l

score for moving to Class 11... Compulsory 7.50 I AA 30.00

None Compulso ry 6.00 Compu lsory 6.50 No compet itio n All -Around 24.00 All-Around 26.00 at this leve l Optional 6.00 Optiona l 6.50 A ll-Around 24.00 All-Around 26.00

No competiti o n at thi s leve l

score for moving to Class I. .. Compulsory 8.00 I AA 32.00 Optional 7.00 I AA 28.00

None Compulsory 7.00 Compu lsory 7.50 'Compulsory 8.00 "Comp 8.30 A ll-Around 28.00 A ll-A rou nd 30.00 A ll -Around 32.00 A A 32.20 Optiona l 7.00 Optional 7.50 Optio nal 8.00 Op t 8.30 All-A round 28.00 A ll-Arou nd 30.00 A ll -Around 32.00 A A 33.20

• Or a minimum fl a t lowe r than 31.00 total in compulsori es and 31.00 total in op tionals w ith a co mbined AA tota l not less than 64.00.

·'·Or a minimum Ilot lower th a ll 32.00 total in compul sories and 32.00 in Optionals w ith a combined AA total no t less than 66.40.

29

8(/IS Rules

1. Has been an anyway. Nothing new.

2. Does not apply

3. 2 stops are sti ll allowed before very difficult moves. 4. Old rule still in effect : Dismount not character ist ic of bars (ie ., standing back saltos off)

penalty ... 0.5 point

5. Still a superior

6. Was anyway. An example would be: Glide on LB (facing in) to squat on LB, grasp the HB and jump to straight bodY position, come down and beat on LB and rise to a fu ll ,turn, reg rasp H B. 7. Superior

8. Refer to USGF Judging Guide for changes in difficu lty since publication of the 1970 FIG Code of Points

See Page 31 in USGF Judging Gu ide. Nothing is actuallY sa id about what to doH You see two super iors in a series. It exp lai ns only abou t the combinat ion of two mediums without a pause being a superior move on beam.

Also see top of page 34 in guide. It ta lks about the combinat ion of mediums and a superior in a pass as being called o n e superior in the upper levels. (FX)

30

Changes

1. Hecht jump from the lower bar wi th turn is a super ior difficultY. 2. Dismount fro m the com pulso ry exercise, executed w ithout thi gh repulsion (actuall y ha nd repulsion) and upward flight : Penalt y.. up to 0.5

poin t

3. No StOP is permilled during the exercise:

penaltY ... 0.2 po int 4. D ismount w ith pu sh off from feet (sallO), starting from a strai gh t o r crouched vertical pos iti on are n o t tolerated .

penaltY ... 0.4 point 5. From a straig ht or crouched position on th e lo w ba r to establishment of a handstand position on the high ba r is to be co nsidered as m edium d iff ic ult y. 6. From a straight or crouched pos ition on the low bar, us ing a second sw ing or sprin g to cont inu e the exercise is considered to be as interme dite swing.

Penalty .. 0 .5 7. Dismount - fron t ';, sole circl e to back som ie is a medium difficultY 8. A ll ot h er movements 'rema in as in pr ese nt Code, includ ing LB hand stand s as superiors. (Ed. , Refer t o USGF Judg in g Guide for changes in d i fficult Y since publi cat ion of the 1970 FIG Code of Points.)

SERIES DEFI N ITION (for app lica ti on to bars, bea m, and floor)

A"se ri es" is the tota l of all e leme nts executed in cont inuity. The se ries ca n be "s imple", when the repetit ion is of one element on ly. Th e se rre s is " compos ite", w hen the eleme nts w hich form one "senes differ from each other.

(Ed. I asked Mrs. Fie about what makes elements "d iffe r. " She said that they are elements from the different ca tegori es number ed in the Code ... exa mple: back fl ips are in #11 in floo r ex and fro nt fli ps and aeria l fron t walkovers

are both in #8, and aeria l cartwhee ls are in #7. )

Series com posed of element s from diffe rent structure groups w ill have a va lue of tWO superior difficult ies. (So .. acco rdihg to the expla nat ion from Mrs. Fie.. if a gi rl did a ro undoff back handspring back fl ip wit h a hal f twist to an ae ri al front walkover, she would be credit ed w ith two superior difficulties.)

Simple series com psoed of elemen ts from th e same structure group wi ll have a va lue of on ly one superior d i fficu lt y.

8e(/m Rules

• All levels use new time limits

see right... ..

Nothing new .. . Gu ide... p g. 31 .. . " Movements should not be repeated , unless in succession. two wa l kovers i n succession are rated as one superior difficulty, il there is not a pause inbetween. A se ries of e lem ents with interruptions are considered repetition 01 movements. This rul e is app licable to all medium diff icu lties execu ted in a seri es.

. ' Ai"! element · may 1Je­repea ted once, but with different linkings before a nd a fte r. Many medium difficulties in

series make a superior difficulty .. such as cartwheels very high leaps, walkovers, fo rwa rd then backward t insicas." (Ed. It might be assumed here that... since one is not supposed to repeat an element except in a series tha t there will be a pena lty if she does. So if the gymnast does stop between ele m en ts in an intended series, she w ill not only lose credit for her superior, but will draw a deduction for the repetition w hich m ight amou nt to the same as b .

Changes Time prescr ip tions: minimum duration: 1 :15 minutes (75 sees) Max imum duration: 1 :35 minutes (95 sees)

2. composi t ion of optional exerci se

a. The same eleme nt may be presen ted only once. It may be used in a seri es o r as a single element. A seri es can on lY be recognized as a seri es as long as there is no StOP between the elements. b. A SlOp betwee n the

elements of a ser ies w ill alwa ys incur a penalt y of 0.2 point.

o

This is nothing new ..... pg 15 in Guide.

Pg. 31 in Guide ... "A series of walkovers (2) and later anot her wa lkover is credited w ith 1.5 difficulty, but the general composition pena lty would be .2. A n add itional penlty of 0.2 for monotony could be assesed." If we look above on page 31... " An elem'ent may be repeated once, but with different link ings before and after. " ... I (Ed.) think we can d raw the conclusion that d & e are really nothing new... just a litt le clearer and a litt le less severe ... and your Ed. would not be more severe on a lower level girl than on an Elite girl!

At the lower leve ls ... at least in the Gu ide nothing is sa id about not giv ing credi t for two superiors if done in series, but let us think a minute. Say ... Yes.. we can give credit for the two superio rs if the gi rl has

· ·no others in her routine and needs that extra one for credit ... But... has she spread her difficulty well ... has the ro utine progressed indifficu lty toward the end ... did she bunch her difficulty in the beginn ing of her rout ine???? Yes she maY get credit fo r the difficulty bu t certainly she will be deducted under composition if those are her only 2.

There is no specific penalty listed in the Code or Guide fo r lack of o ne o r another element. There is a penalty for OVERUSE of a particular tYpe of element of up to .5. In an older gu ide ... think it was in "Notes from

"c. Two to three static elements are allowed, but not before or after a difficul t acroba ti c element, o therwise the penaltY w ill be 0.20 point each time. (Ed. I asked M rs. Fie fo r cla ri f ication o n thi s point. It means th at the gymna st is not allowed to wa it before she does a d i fficult trick in a long pause to get up the nerve to throw il. " Stat ic element" does not appl Y, for exa mple, i f she should be in a held handstand just before she goes int o a superio r move .. smoothly comes down out of it and goes right in to the trick. "d. An e lement wh ich alread Y fea tures in a ser ies and w hich is presented as an independen t e lement in the same way is conside red a repetition. The penalt y in thi s case is 0.30 point. **e. However, it is permissible for the sa me element to be presented in a modified form (from a different starting position or i f this e lem e nt lead s to another final position. )

f. A seri es co rr esponds to on ly o ne difficultY. I ts compos ition has no influence a ll it s va lue. A seri es is o ne superio r diff icu lty. whet her it s co mposition is 2 average or 2 superi or difficulties.

g. An opti ona l exercise shall conta in three acrobat ic element s (o r thr ee se ries maximum ), but the overall compos ition of the exercise mUSt comply w ith all the prescript ions specified in the code of Point s:

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Rome " there is a penally listed: For lack or overuse of an element. .1 to.2 po int. If you have studied your Guide and judged a lot of meets, you know what to expect in a good beam rouitne . For example, the Guide says there should be one 3600

turn .. . i f You don't see it , you might take off a tenth. You should see some nice jumps and leaps ... maybe three .. . If you see only one .. . You might take off .2 .. . etc.

At the lower levels you cou ld give her credit for two superiors if she did two superior jumps in ser ies ... but then again if those were her only ones, there would be penaltY in composition. 2. is nothing new

Series never was compu lsory

With the o ld ru les this is not the requirem ent ... however if a girl has a superior mount and a superior dismount and no superiors during her routine, there would be a deduction under composition even if she does have the tWO required superiors.

Same, but rem ember if 1M is missing she gets .2 off; if 2M are mi ss ing.. .3 off; 3M missing .. .4 off ; or all 4M 's missing .5 off under composition.

Tuck allowed at lower levels too

o

~ n

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

one 3500 turn , one jump, movement o f the body, wa lkover, in ve rt ed stre tc hed support , etc (Ed . from form er commun ica tion .. the rest are: roll , w hee l movement. mo unt , and dismount)

(USGF . compOSitiona l p enalty for no acrobatic e lement or series betwee n mount and dismount =0.3; for onlY one acrobatic element or seri es between mount and dismount = 0.2 point; for only two acrobatic elements or series between mount and dismount = 0.1 point. ) 1. A ser ies of gymna stic jumps w ill have the va lue of a Single superior difficu lty.

2. Links or repea ted lilli e hops are not considered as a seri es. ·"h. A seri es is no t compulsory for th e beam exercise . It may contain 3 independent acrobatic elements. i. W ith rega rd to the compos iti o n , th e fo llowing are demanded: 3 superior difficulties (between the mount and dismount \.

**4 m edium difficulties, which may be r epl aced b y superi or difficullies. - acrobatic e lements, i.e. all kinds of ae rial wa lkovers and flip­flops

- The tuck somersa ult i s allo wed as dismount

Th e tu ck somer sa ult as an element in th e exercise is al so allowed w ith these provisions:

1. Responsibi litY for the injury, if incurred, must be accepted by the individual o r in case o f internati o nal me ets b y th e Federation .

2. A stop before or after w ill be penali zed by 0.2 each time.

3. Lack of amplitude and technica l fau lls in execution w ill be pena lized .

free Ex. Rules

On the lower levels, judges have been looking for front, back, and side ... or mixed tumbling passes and penalizing if anyone tYpe is miSSing. The gymnast is also penalized if she just runs and does a single skil l as opposed to doing a combination ... so ... rea lly 2. is not a new rule ... just wrillen for the first time!

. On lower levels it is still a superior. .. no matter where it is used.

Changes

1. See Series Defin ition "2. Twoto three se ri es of d i fficulties is demanded.

3. The backward tuck saito used as an exit or dismount w ill be awa rded an average difficu lty.

Distribution of the 10 points in judging of the optional exercise. For appli ca ti on to bars, beam and floor.

Use old point breakdown See FIG Code page 6 article 7 See USGF Judging Guide for further explanations

U se new point breakdown 1. The opt ional exercises mu st includ e 3 e lements of superior diff i cul tY and 4 elements of medium difficu lty. The medium difficu lties ca n be replaced by elements of superior difficu lty. 2. 3 elements of superior difficulty at 1.00 point each. 3 points 4 elements of medium difficu lty at 0.50 point each. 2 points = 5 points 3. Co mposition, . originalitY and va lueof the connect ion 2 points Execution and amplitude of th e move m ent s (execution 1.50 point and amplitude 0.50 point 4. Genera l Impress ion 1 point = 5 points

Total 10 points

NOTE: These changes lake inlo considera lion all FIG WTC Bullelins Ihrough June 1974. There is still so me discrepancy as 10 number of superiod credi" for a "composit e" se ri es of b Cd lll .

END BULLETIN FROM MRS. FIE

What have I done? What I am trying 10 convey 10 you is that the new rul es (with the exception of the new beam time, the new rules on vaulting falls, and the team rule in vaulting) are to apply on lY to the national and Eli te levels, some of the " new ru les" are not truel Y new.. and so do app ly to under national leve ls, and, in cases where there are differences, I have pointed them out.

NOTE: The old rul es will be in use for all preliminary meets in the Jr . and Sr. Cla ss I Division. A t the Jr. and Sr. Naiona ls, th e current (new) FIG ru les wi ll be effect.

Why did I do it? To straighten out some of the lower l eve l coaches, judges and gym nasts who have read Ih e new rul es and are confused ... AND to give you NATIONAL JUDGES WHO SOMETIMES JUDGE LO WER LEVEL MEETS... handY reference to w hat 's going on below you so you won ' l be unjustlY severe with these kids.

ANSWERED AT CARBONDALE ON JUNE 1 Found in Ohio USGF News " Can th e PIA NO PLAYER fa ce th e gymnast wh ile she is perform ing? ... Yes."

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... more news n notes

Short term coach ing position wanted by Danish fellow "Erling Hesgaa rd - Ranked ~2 in Denmark Pre­

Olympic Irials, is return ing to the USA, and wou ld be interes ted to be hired for short terrn . He is a ve ry hard worker and has many sc ientific and practi ca l techniques. Listening, and watchi ng hi rn is a great learning ex perience. He will be ava ilable aft e r the Coaches Congress. Wr ite him A ir Ma il or see him at Congress: " Er li ng Hesgaard How ilzve j 67 G 2th 2000 F Copenhagen, Denmark, Europe

Young lady seeks informatin on eastern colleges which offer gymnastic programs Please forward any info or brochures you might wish to send to: Patri cia Gutheri e, 281 Thornton Rd. , Rochester, NY 14617. In reading newsletters from all over the country corne upon interesting things. After the 72 Olympics, Roxa nne Pierce went from Ruth Anne M cBride 10 Muriel Grossfe ld . ow she has apparentl y swung over to the Mannettes for some further poli shing.

Judging Guide for gymnastics. A compiled dittoed booklet by Caro le Liedtke f rom all the po ssib le sources about judgi ng. Includes notes on psychology, phYsiologY, and techniqu es of gymnast ics as w ell as judging dut ies and rul es. $1.75 6805 Moorhaven Dr. Louisville KY 40228.

New Clubs Jon Culbertson ... 8521 N. Hwy. Saraso ta , Fla. Kim Chace Boyles ... W. Palm Beach Fla. area M asayuk i Walanabe ... Concord CA area Judy Darwi ck and Susie Kinsman .. 4135 Aurora Ave. , Coral Gables, Fla. News has it that Bob and Joan Rice have purchased the K.E .G.S. gymnastics club in Edina, Minnesota . On November 1, 1974, they wi ll assume the conlrols from Keilh and Kay Larson w ho have built K.E .G.S. int o one o f the better cl ubs in MinnesOla. Thi s marks a step forward for Minneso ta gy mnastics. " (Minnesota news)

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31

DR. H.J. BIESTERFELDT, JR . "GYMNAST" RESEARCH EDITOR

Athletics Department- SIU Arena • Carbondale, Illinois 62901 : • •••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••• 5 ••• a ••• _·

EDITORIAL COMMENTS Dr. Brown's article covers two of the three

familiar lifts for a running front: Russian and overhead. The for/ upward lift is not included, and it would be a good addition if someone made a study of similar nature for such a front­unfortunately his subject did not execute that front as sa tisfactorily so that its inclusion would not tell us much.

It would also be helpful if someone did an angular momentum study for the handspring front, checking out the subtle differences in the two basic takeoff techniques.

HJB

A COMPARISON OF SElECTED FACTORS RElA TING TO SUCCESS

OF RUNNING FORWARD SOMERSAULTS by James R. Brown, Ed.D.

Gymnastics Coach, Indiana University

INTRODUCTION

I n the 1956 Ol ympic Games a member of th e Ru ss ian Gymnasti cs Tea m introduced a new meth od of performing a fro nt somersa ult in th e floor exercise . Since that time it has been used by other o lYmpic ca liber gymnasts, and is now ca ll ed a " Russ ian." Th e effective ness of thi s type somersa ult was immed iately no ti ced because in add iti on to being aestheti ca ll Y d iffe rent, it appea red that the " Ru ss ian " co uld obtain more height in a mu ch shorter space . Thi s is ex tremely important in floor exe rcise, since the gymna st is limited to a 40 ' x 40' area , and is penali zed fo r taking long runs involving few stunt s.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare th e "R uss ian " type front somersa ult (herea fter ca ll ed the ru ss ian) w ith th e traditi o nal tYpe somersau lt (ca lled th e regular), using se lec ted factors w hich are important to th e successf ul completi on of th e stunt.

Th e fo ll owing hypotheses were formulated prior to initi ating the stud y;

1. Th e ru ss ian front all ows th e tumbl er to execute his tak e-off at an angle close to the vert ica l, wh ich provides maximum height and force (since th e force is throu gh the ce nter of gravity).

2. Beca use of th e angular advantage menti oned above, the ru ss ian would be hi gher and tra vel less di stance.

3. The techni que employed in th e ru ss ian would be mo re rea dil y adaptable to th e gymnast with less leg strengt h, beca use it wou ld invo lve a small er angle of leg flex ion.

Subject. Th e subj ect used in this experimen t was o ne of th e first Ameri ca n tumblers to perform th e russ ian competiti ve ly, using it in the 1959 NCAA Gymnas ti c Meet. A furth er reason , and perhaps the most important, was hi s immed iate ava ilabi li ty.

Technique. In order to stud y and compa re the d ifferent techniques of executin g fo rward somersa ults, it was dec ided th at 16mm. movie photog raphy wou ld be employed. Th e actu al filming was done July 18, 1967, by Ri chard Behnke. He used a Bell and Howe ll ca mera se t at 128 frames/ second .

32

Sti ck figures were drawn in o rd er to compare angles found in th e somersa ults. These fig ures were fo rmed by co nnectin g lines at the fo ll owing refe rence po in ts; (1) ankle (lateral mall eolus) , (2) knee, (3) hip (cres t o f ilium), (4) shoulder (acromion process), (5) ea r (top), (6) elbow (o lecronon process), and (7) w ri st (s tyloid process). A ll points are from the tumbl er' s right side, since it is ass umed that th e stunt is done symmetri ca ll y.

limitations. Th e fo ll owing are offe red as limitation s to the stud y;

1. The angle o f th e ca mera va ried, sin ce it was fixed and the gy mnast was perfo rming in a linear pattern, perpend icular to th e ca mera.

2. Perhaps th e most important adva ntage w hich the r uss ian o ffers was nega ted, becau se no limit was fi xed o n th e run prior to start ing the stunt.

3. The factors dea ling w ith time wou ld have been more acc urate had a clock been utili zed in th e picture. Instead, time was ca lculated by using th e fil m speed as a co nstant.

4. The exa mple o f each type fro nt was arbitraril Y se lected from a fi lm co ntaining three exa mples of each type. This se lec ti o n was made on th e basis w hat th e wr it er beli eved to be the " bes t " of each tYpe.

5. The measure of height used was th e central position at th e hip. consistency was attempted by using th e perfo rm er's trun ks as a reference point , 'b ut it is ass umed that some error was i·nvo lved.

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Before ana lyz ing the va riou s parts of th e soemrsa ults, it ma y be prof itab let o generall y examine th e two stunts used in th e study. Figures 1 and 2 show draw in gs which utili ze sti ck figures to show the var io us bod y positions invo lved in both types. Th e most obvious difference in the two stunts is the position of the arms through o ut the stunt. The regular f ront begins with th e arms flexed and over the head, and they staY in approximate ly that sa me position until the land in g. The ru ssian sta rts with the arms extended in front of th e body. As the tumbler flexes hi s knees the arms continue downwa rd. The arms continue in a circular path and are going upward as th e tumbler ex ten ds hi s legs and leaves th e mat. At th e top of hi s height, the bod y ca tches hi s arms and the fini sh is ident ica l to that of th e regular front _ somersa ult.

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Take-off. Figures 3 and 4 show sequ ences of the take-off taken at eve ry third frame. Th e fir st drawing (labe led 1) was taken from th e first frame in wh ich th e feet touch th e ground in the approach. Th e final frame was the las t in wh ich he was sti ll in co ntact wi th th e mat.

In both instances the co mpl ete take-off used 30 frames. This m ea nt that co ntact w ith the ground las ted.23 seconds fo r both somersa ult s.

A compari son of th e body angle at the initi al contact indi ca tes that th ere is less lean rearwa rd in the ru ss ian; however, in the ru ss ian more of a sitting positi on is attained if the ang les at th e knees are compared (142 and 147). Thi s

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

/

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difference in angles is to a deg ree compen sa ted for by the increase d flexion at th e hips in th e ru ss ian. So it appea rs that by o ne measure th e initi al take-off pos iti on of th e ru ss ian is more nearl y vert ica l, but by the latt er measure th e regular fron t is more upright. Th e distance between the hi ghes t and lowest puints of each figure we re also m easured, and the results were identica l.

The last frame completing the take-off is also out lined in Fi gure 5. A compari son of the arm posit ions revea ls that this is th e time when there is the grea tes t difference between th e two stunts.

Figure 3B shows the pos ition of the arms of each somersa ult. It is no ted that a line drawn through the shoulder of each figure to the w ri st is almost straight (180 degrees).

Th e body angle, m easured from ankle to shoulder, indi ca tes a 6 degree lea n at 'take-off for th e regular f lip , and a 10 deg ree lean in th e russian.

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Figure 6 shows the path of the arms during the thirty fra mes of the ta ke-off. This fi gure shows that during thi s tim e th e arms move 20 deg rees in th e regular somersa ult and 130 degrees in th e ru ss ian . The angular ve locity has been ca lculated at 90 degrees/second in th e former and 619 in the latter.

Fi gure 6 al so points out th e adherence to th e ' principle of lengthening the radiu s of rotation on th e downswing, and shortening it on th e upsw ing for improved angu lar ve locity.

Flight. Fi gures 1 and 2 revea l that the greatest height (as measured at the hip) of the ru ss ian was 6 feet and 3 inches. Th e regular fro nt had a co mparable height of 6 feet and 1 Vl inches. Th e total distance covered by th e ru ss ian was 14 feet and 1 inch, and the regular front was 13 feet 6 inches . Both we re in th e air for a total of 35 frames, or 1.06 second s. Therefore, the gymnast

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

doing th e ru ss ian was moving fas ter in o rder to cover a greater di stance in the sa m e amount of tim e.

The path of th e arms during th e fli ght is plotted in Fi gure 7. Afte r th e first 30 frames (.23 sec.), th e arm actions are very similar as are the o th er bodY positi ons.

landing. Figure 8 shows th e landing of each somersa ult at the first fra me where co ntact w ith the mat is made. That the gymnast is slightlY more upright in the ru ssian is evidenced by the lesse r total body angle (measured from ankle to shoulder). Thi s angle is 15 degrees in the russi an and 18 degrees in the regular front. Thi s co ntention is also supported by less bend at th e hips and less hip fl ex ion.

At the landing position th e arms are behind the hi ps in th e ru ss ia nand in front o f th e hips in the regular front; thu s, th e finish of each stunt approximates th e position in th e beg inning.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The following findings are' offe red w ith a brief d iscuss io n related to th e previously posed hypotheses (see page 1).

1. The first hYpothesis would app ea r to be nullifi ed from th e findings. Figure 3 revea is that there is actu al ly a grea ter fo rward lea n in th e ru ss ian than in th e regular fron t. This lean is grea ter at th e to tal bod y (from ankle to shoulder), at th e hip, and th e head is bent to a grea ter degree. Thi s exp lains th e find ing that th e russian trave led a grea ter di stan ce th an th e

regular front , but did not get apprecia bl y higher.

2. The russian front covered 14 feet and 1 inch as compared w ith the 13 fee t 6 inches of the regu lar front. Thi s w rit er feel s that this is w here th e gymnast 'attains a great advantage by using th e russ ian technique. Although maintaining approx imately the sa me height , the ru ss ian trave led co nsiderab ly farther. He is th erefo re landing w ith grea ter forward mo mentum, w hich would be advan tageou s in gymnasti cs.

3. The third hyp'o th esis appears to have been substantiated by the finding th at the russian invo lved less kn ee fl ex ion during the take-off than did th e regular front. Thi s confirms th e w rit er 's empiri ca l f inding that younger pupil s and gymnasts w ith wea ker legs tend to obtain better somersa ults using the ru ss i;lIl technique.

4. The angular ve locit y of th e arms at th e take-off is much grea ter in the ru ss ian (see Figure 6). Wh ereas th e arms in th e regular front trave l on ly 20 deg rees for an angu lar ve locity of 94 degrees/ second in the take-o ff of th e regular front, in th e ru ss ian th ey cove r a di stance of 130 deg rees. Thi s provides an angular ve locity of 619 degrees/ second in th e ru ss ian.

This wr iter fee ls that herein li es the grea test adva ntage in using th e ru ss ian technique. Thi s technique all ows the gymnast to deve lop co nsiderable energy by the backward rotation of the arms befo re the take-of f. In add ition th e effect of " impact" which is related to the principle of action-reaction , is ve ry effecti ve, since the arms are being rotated aga inst the rest of the bod y.

In comparison , the gymnast doing th e regular fron t must first lift th e arms upward , th en fo rce them downward to o btai n angular momentum.

5. At th e last frame, before contac t wi th th e mat is lost, the rad ius of th e arms o f each somersa ult are in a positi on w hich is almost direc ty oppos ite to th e o th er (see Figure 3B) . A t thi s po int in th e ru ssia n t he arms are pu lIi ng th e body upward. In the regular fro nt the arms beg in pulling th e body downwa rd .

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Further resea rch is needed in w hich th e ce nter of grav ity is accurately ca lculated to dete rmine the actual height of the two somersa ults. . 2. It would be adv isable to have a co ni ca l tim er projected in th e f ilm.

Further resea rch in compa rin g th ese techniques shou ld limit the runnin g room to that actua ll y used in floor exe rcise. ~

33

Desert Gymnastics Training Cpnter in Tempe, A, .. ,'on <l

dESERT dEviLs

Th e Desert 'Gymnastics Training Center USA, Inc. , Tempe, A ri zon a, is o wned by M ari e Walther Bil ski and St o rm y Eat on, Th e training center has classes in beginnin g girl s, intermediat e girls, adva nced girl s, tin y to ts, adu lt ladies, anu boys, and at th e present time has 210 girls anu 25 boys enro iled in classes. Th eir o ther instru cto rs are Ri ck Fair, EI Paso Texas; and Sa ndra Harper, Graduate o f ASU. Trampoline is a pa rt o f th eir all arou nd progra m and th ey compete in the USGF, UST A an d AAU.

Abo ut th e owners: Ma ri e Walther Bilski has a B.A. degree in PhYs ica l Educa ti on fro m Ar izona State U ili ve rsity, 1970. She competed Nati o nall y and Interil ati onJll y startin g in 1962 at th e Wo rld ChampiollShips in Eu rop e. Some of th e highli ght s o f these competitions are th e Pan Ameri can Ga mes - Tea m 1963; Na ti o ll al

34

Championships. Golu M eua l All A ro und, 1964; Ol ympic Tea m, Tok yo , 1964; Natio nal Champi onships, Golu M edal Balance Beam, 1965; Pan Ameri ca n Games Team, Bronze M edali st Va ulting, 1967; Wom en 's Co ll eg iate All Ameri ca n, Go ld Medalist Uneven Bars and Bronze Medalist Fl oo r Exercise, 1969.

Mark D . 'S to rmy' Eaton received hi s B.S. deg ree in PhYs ica l Education fro m th e Unive rsity o t 'ew Mex ico. Amon g his li st of accompli shments are : A ll Ameri ca n 1969, 1970 (tw ice), 1971, 1973, 1974. He was Na tio nal Tumbling Champion 1973 and 1974; USA Tea m to Ru ss ia , Bron ze Meual ist USA-USSR Competiti on. 1973; Silver Meda li st World Champi o nships 1974; Assistant Gymn as ti cs Coa ch - U.S. ava l Acad emy 1972-1974; and he is an Interrl ati onal Trampolin e Judge.

Th e Desert Dev il s seem to have a fin e future, with bo th coac hes being World Class Competit o rs in th eir own right , the team now has th eir lirst W orl d Champio n in eighteen yea r old Pam W enzel, w ho along with thirt een other young gymnas ts f rom th e training center co mpeted in th e Worlu Trampoline and Tumbling Championships in San Francisco thi s pas t summer. Th e Dese rt Devil s took mo re pl aces th an any o f th e oth er teams present at the competiti on.

The walls of the Desert Devil Gym are enhanced with murals by Rick Fair

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

A gy mnast in act ion at the Desert De vi l Gym. l arge mirrors and a mural cover the wall.

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"Stormy" Eaton and Marie Bilski, co-owners of th e Desert Gymnastics Ce nte r,

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

John and Nancy Numetko, new coaches of the SCA~PS

OWEGO SCAMPS The Owego Sca mps cel ebrated th eir 10th

yea r thi s summer, according to President Jack M ansfi eld . Th ey are also ce leb"ratin g th e arri va l of two new coaches. John and Nancy Numetko o f Roches te r, N ew Yo rk, have taken over th e Sca mp organi za ti o n in O wego, NY. Jo hn is th e new head coach, whil e Nancy is f illing th e newly crea ted pos iti o n of Ass istant Coach and Senior Dance Instructor. Bo th Jo hn allli ancy are hi ghly qualili ed to f ill these positi o ns, and the SCJ mps are ve ry p leased to have th em w ith th em.

PHllADElPH IA GYM CENTER Phil ade lphia, Penn sY lva nia - th e "C radle o f

Li ber ty" - has added to it s line-up of stars anoth er cha mpioilship team, the "Phi lade lphia Gymnasti c Cente r," a merge r of th e Mannetles Gym Club and the Tumblebees Gym Club, it w ill give Philadel phians a chance to suppo rt and take prid e in a women 's gymnas ti c tea m.

Th e Tumb lebees brin g to Phil ade lph ia Na ncY Jo nes , the 1974 Penn sy lva nia Interscho las ti c At hleti c Associati o n 's all aro und Champion, along w ith Peggy Finni gen, th e state's sil ve r medali st , Debbie Alston , Lesli e Harri s and their outstanding coach, Don Peters.

The Ma nnelles, wi nners of fo u r co nsecuti ve Na ti ona l Tea m C hampionshi ps, and four co nsecuti ve Ind iv idual all aro und Na ti onal Championships, w ill become even stro nger through the merge r.

Th e Mannell es we re w inners o f th e USGF Na ti o nal Team titl es in 1971, 1972, 1973. Th ey won th e AAU Na tional Team titl e in 1973 and 1974.

The Ma nnet tes we re fo unded and have been coac hed by Gi nn y and Bill Coco, Bill is a member of o ur country's Ol ympic Committee, and Ginny is one o f th e four members o f th e USG F Fo reign Relati o ns Committee. Both Coco 's we re on th e coaching staff o f the 1972 Ol ymp ic Tea m.

Th e Ma nnett es have tra ined such fine gymnasts as Joa n Moore Rice, United States Na ti onallndivid ua I A ll -A round Champio n four co nsecuti ve Yea rs. She was also an Ol ympian at M unich , Germa ny, in 1972 . Ann Ca rr , member o f th e United States Worl d Championship Team that compe ted at th e Worl d Games in Va rn a, Bulgar ia. Roxa nne Pi erce , a member o f th e 1972 O lympic Tea m , A Il-A rouIHJ Champion and w inner 0 1 eve ry Go ld Medal awa rd ed at th e 1971 pJn-Am eri ca n Gam es.

Philade lphia is also represented by Shell y Bier, the 1973 USG F Jun io r Na ti o nal A ll-Aro und Cha mp io n, Jan Ant hO IlY and Barb ie Ca ntwell (Ba rbie is th e yo un gest gy mnast ever to q ualif y fo r Elit e level co mpet iti on).

Thi s year th e team w ill car ry Phil adelphia's, name and it s Li be rt y Bell logo on th eir uni fo rms.

35

Instruction:

Dr. H.J. Biesterfe ldt, JR .

We are fo rtunate this month to be able to present one arti c le to se rve a doub le. purpose : compulsory instru cti o n for women and basic instru cti on o n ho rizontal bar fo r men. Two instru ctors o f women's gymn as ti cs as ked that we prepare pho to sequences to help th em w ith the teaching of th e free hip circl e fo r th e women's compu lso ry. One of th em, Jon A itk in , was NCAA hori zontal bar champio n a co upl e o f yea rs ago . He is th e demonstrator . A fter using th e photo seque nces in instru ction fo r a month, each o f these coaches w ro te o ut all articl e on th e free hip circ le as he saw it. We here reproduce both articles, since no t infreq uentl Y one man ca ll make cl ea r w hat anoth er makes muddy.

HJ B

THE FREE HIP CIRCLE Jon Aitkin, Coach, Wichita Girls Gymnastics

Club

Befo re yo u teach the free hip circle to handstand, let 's stud y the sequences and analyze w hal bodY positions sho uld occur al cert ai n part s o f th e ci rc le. I had perfo rm ed a larg e number o f FHH s and also taught quite a few, but Ihe sequence pho tos brought out a detail I was not even awa re o f.

Fi gure 1, #1. The cas t is as hi gh as ca n be controlled. The body should be slraight, pi ke and arch must be eli m inated throu gh th e d ro p.

#2. A rms and shou lders must staY straight up above the ba r as th e bod y d rops down. IMPORTANT: Watch for shoulders moving forward - this w ill ruin the swing.

#3 . Body is almos t in ve rti cal, shoulders begin fa lling ba ckwards to the most criti ca l part o f th e FH H. Body is o ne foot awa y from th e bar.

Refer now to Fi gure 2, #3. Sh oulders are falling ba ck HARD. Body ho llows and stays about o ne foo t away (free) from th e ba r, w hich is directl y above th e thighs.

Refer to Fi gure 1 aga in , #4. Head dri ves back with shoulders as they fa ll hard. Ho llow body is more pro no unced now, but nOle that th e ba r still has no pressure o n it ye t. Thi s ph o to shows th e m ost crili ca l part o f the FHH . I fee l as thou gh the ent ire tri ck is se t up here, and if thi s part is do ne correctl y, the gymn asts w ill be thrown to a handstand, eliminating strength and a " muscled " swing trick.

#5. Press ure beg ins to bend th e bar, hea d sli ght lY back and th e bod y is p iked to insu re that the power doesn' t pull you away from the bar too ea rl y. Note that th e legs are almost touching th e bar now w hich is bend in g.

#6. The bott om. H o ld on ti ght beca use look at the pressure bending the bar at this po int. Th e gym nast snaps o pen th e bod y pike now, and tha t shoo ts him up.

#7. Th e straight body appea rs to shoo t ove r th e bar (f lat). M any gy mnasts arch at thi s part.

#8. The feel are coming back up to th e handstand as Ihe shoulders ri se up.

#9. Th e feet sli ll come up as th e sho ulders drop in .

36

FIGURE 1 2

6 7 8 THE GYMNAST'S FEELINGS

A ny good coac h shoul d rea li ze that th e visual appea rance o f th e tri ck is not always w hat th e gymnast actuall y fee ls. Fo r th ose of yo u w ho are lucky enough to be th e o nes hanging onto th e bar ford ear life, I've inc luded w hat I fee l w hen I do a free hip.

I trY to staY as fa r away fro m th e bar as I ca n w hen I am dro pping down and under. Wh en dropping down, Imake sure I rea ll y let my bod y drop free ly - it 's easy to slow down here, so do n 't get ca ught. Co nce nt ra te on d ropp ing under Ihe bar, keepi ng th e ba r away from your legs. It is ve ry easy still as th ere is no weight o r pull Yet. Look at ph otos #5-6. ow yo u sho uld pike into th e bar, but as soon as you do, you must open up hard aga inst a strong pull. Try thi s! Stand o n th e gro und, bend ove r with a heavy we ighl in yo ur hands, hanging it by you r thi ghs. Keeping legs and arms straight , use your back musc les to snap upr ight. ow turn #5-6 upside down and look at th em. Thi s is th e open that will shoot yo u w here you wa nt to go. It is th e stro ngest, most dynamic pa rt o f the tri ck . If yo u d ropped under co rrecll y and opened hard, th e res t is simp le. I relax co mp letelY except fo r th e mu sc les tha t keep my body straight in a handstand . Three thin gs to think about are: Keep your arms straight, th e drop under, th e explosive openin g up. QUESTIONS AND COMMON MISTAKES

Q: Wh y do my free hips end up as hip circl es ? Look at photo #3 . Yo u are pro babl Y ve ry close

to the bar w ith yo ur hips, and your shoulders are leaning front wa rds over Ihe bar. Work on body positi ons shown in #3-4 and you w ill get a big surpri se.

Q : Why do my w ri SIS end up bent and I ca n 'l ho ld on Ihen ?

You haven 't crea ted enough swing w hen d ropping under Ihe bar. Look at #6. We figure I am pulli ng around 500 pounds here because I've dropped under hard . II is no t possib le to bend yo ur w ri st here, th e bent arms and wri sts occur around #8 usuall y. Th e bar is no t bent , all th e pressure is of f. Keep th e arms straighl and lift up with the back o f yo ur hands. Th e mo re swing yo u crea te, th e mo re we ighll ess you w il l

3 4 5

9 10 be at th e end, so if yo u sw ing under co rrectl y, yo u won 't have thdt problem.

Q: Wh y do I a Iways co me ou t too ea rl y? liS positi o n shows a pike that almost touches

th e legs to th e ba r, and #6 shows th e legs just as close. I o fte n tim es touch the bar ri ght here. Wh en o pening up o ut o f th e p ike, wa tch th at you do n 't ope n to an arch (argh! ). Th e feet must go over the bar as though the free hip is f lal o r low (#7), th en later on th ey come back up.

Q: W hy do I always co me o ut too late (f lat)? This is the easies t to answer, the hard es t to

co rrect. O pening up th e pik e in 1'5-6 is no t do ne soon enough, and also not done w ith eno ugh PAZAZZ!

Q : Why ca n 't Imake it to th e handsland; I am hea ding slraight up and get heavy and collapse?

Maybe yo u are 100 heavy for free hips -bett er trY ca rt w hee ls on th e ground. Or it mighl be that you didn 't se t up #3-4-5 ri ght. If Yo u d rop under just as the ph o tos sho w, and make it through the bo tt om w ithout hav ing your bod y ripped off th e bar, yo u will get thrown up to a handstand so fas t that littl e golden stars will appea r in yo ur eyes. TEACHING A FREE HIP HANDSTAND OR " HOW TO AMAZE ALL YOUR GYMNASTS"

I have seen many exce ll ent ways to teach thi s tri ck - this is o ne that gets good results (especiall y with girl s on a fat uneven bar). Use a low bar, and stand upon a fo lded mat so th at the bar touches yo u about the bottom o f th e ribs. Stand in a stradd le touching th e bar with yo ur side and a gymnas t in support o n th e o th er side. Reach down and grab both hands o n th e ti ghs w hen the gymnast is in pos iti o n. 116. Li ft th e thighs stra ight up int o a handstand. Take a few Irys to lea rn this spo t, it is rea lly fun. Befo re long yo u ca n make any thin g perfo rm a free hi p handstand. Make th e gymnast shoot o ut ea rl y and late and d rop under too fa r away and also too close. A free hip is a fee ling, unlike so me tr icks. Teach il ea rl y as a basic (teach it fl at). Do n't save Ihis impo rtanl action (s talders, toe on , toe o ff , elc.) fo r adva nced gymnasts. I t is too easy.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

THE FREE HIP CIRClE David Black

Girls Coach, American Gymnastic Camp, Johnson City, New York

Th ese two sets of seq uence photos are ext remelY informa ti ve to th e understanding of the mechanics of a f ree hip shoot.

In these phot os, Jo n start s from a cas t rath er than a giant sw ing to show th e power is no t generated from th e giant. Since girls do not use a giant as m en do, these photos and art icle wi ll adopt to both men 's and women's gymnasti cs,

In exa mi ning th e photos of figure #1, we find the cast is taken to a J/ , handstand w ith th e shoulders p laced directl y ove r th e ba r, The head is in a neutral positi o n lookin g at the bar (Photo li l ), The second photo finds jon's shoulders sli ghtl Y farthe r over th e bar th an before w ith th e hea d still neu tral (fo ll owing bodY line) (Ph oto #2) , The third photo shows jo n 's shoulders still over th e bar w ith the head still neutral (Ph oto #2). Th e third photo shows jo n 's shoulders still over th e bar w ith th e head sti l l neutral (Photo #3). During these firs t th ree seq uences, jon 's weight is ove r th e bar and pu shing down; note th e bar bend is down and away from him.

At thi s po int, I w ill refe r to Photo ;;2, Figure 2. Here jon 's shoulders are still over the bar and his hea d is neut ra l. A t this po int , th e free hip ac ti o n begins (Ph oto #3). Th e shoulders and head are throw n back out of th e neutral

2

FIGURE 2

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

position. Not ice th at the speed increase is extremely dynamic between Photo #2 and ;;3. jon's we igh t is now bei ng pull ed away fro m th e bar. o ti ce th e bar bend in the fo llow ing photos is toward jon. Most girl s ha ve ex treme problems with bendi ng th eir w ri sts during thi s tri ck. Remember, if a pe rso n is bein g pull ed away from the bar, as j on is, the wr ists sho uld never break. Once the p ressure is pull ed back into th e bar (bent arms), th e w ri sts w ill fo ll ow by bending and a loss of th e fo rcef ul ac ti on needed to co mplete tr ick to handstand.

Not ice from Ph o to 113, Fi gure #1, to Photo #4, jo n 's hips are FREE from the bar. I have found at thi s point , if a gi rl brings her hips too close (less than 10 inches), she wi ll lose al l momentum away from the bar and result in bent arms and bent w ri sts to trY to complete the tri ck.

Photo 115, Figure #1 shows jon 's previo us hollow positi o n more pi ked. This ex treme ho llow or sli ght pike positi o ns hi s feet ove r th e ba r and d irects his momentum up and overth e ba r.

Ph oto #6 and #7 crea te th e power needed to reach a handstand posi ti on o n top of the bar. The open ing action from piked to straight body is the sa me as li ft in g an object. If Ph o tos #5-6-7 are looked at upside down, th e acti on of li ft ing w ith the back is shown.

This straighten ing acti o n shou ld be ex tremely dynamic to c rea te max imum powe r.

Once the body is straight (Ph oto #7), opening from the shoulder begin s. Th e feet and shoulders move to a handstand positi on.

r~

3 4

7

ACqC---:; By Bob Peavy

Special Service Award USGF - Chicago - November 1974

SPECIAL SERV ICES AWARD presented to A rt Aldr itt at th e nati onal Assoc iat io n of Coll ege Coaches Meetin g d urin g the 1974 USG F Coaches Congress.

Lyle Welser, Chairman as ked Don Robin son to make th e presentati o n at the meetin g.

A t thi s time it is indeed a grea t pl easure to pau se for a few m inutes to recogn ize and honor one of o ur most indu strious fell ow wo rk ers, all of wh ich is in keep ing w ith th e policy of th e ACGC Spec ial Se rv ice Awa rd s Committ ee. Thi s award is give n on th e b asis of the contributio n to the NACGC as approved by pop ular vo te of th e membership .

Art Ald ritt is t he honored recip ient and hi s reco rd as a th ree- time Secreta rY-Treasurer merits thi s awa rd . Bri e fl y, A rt 's background is more complete ly listed in "Who 's Who in Gymnasti cs" where he is li sted as a Team Ca ptain of his High Schoo l and as A ll-A ro und Champion of the junior O lympics, Oak land Ath leti c League, o rth ern Califo rni a and Pacific AAU Circles. His ca reer at th e Uni ve rsity of Cal i fo rni a inc luded aga in hi s being Tea m Capta in and All-Around AAU and Pacifi c Champio n. He wa s a High Schoo l Coach fo r seven years and is presentl y rounding o ut hi s tent h Coaching yea r at the Un iversit y of Ca lifornia at Sa nta Barbara . He was e lected W estern Reg ion Coach of th e Yea r in 1970 and ho lds Na t ional and Int erna ti o nal judging ca rd s.

Thi s award , however , is presented in recog ni tion of hi s outstandin g cont r ibu ti o ns as our SecretarY -Treasurer from 1970 throu gh 1973 . Ma inl y, hi s contributio ns are as fo ll ows:

1. Duplica ted and d istributed first copies of 1972 Ol Ympic/ NCAA compulsor ies to all NACGC and NCAA coac hes as soon as th ey were made ava il ab le.

2. Resea rched, ca tego ri zed and averaged all pas t Treasury Expe nditu res and inco mes, so as to fo rm a base from which to project future budgets. (This c lar ifi ed the need for es tablishi ng travelin g fun ds to help off ice rs att end symposiums, USG F meetin gs, etc.)

3. Insti ga ted comple te lin e-it em fin ancial report s fo r the bi-annual presentati on to the membership.

4. In conjunct io n w ith th e executive committee, updated, revised, and re­di stribut ed th e bY- laws three times so that cur rent practices and statu tes we re reconcil ed and cla rif ied.

5. Helped appo inted chairman Roger Counsil insti ga te and co-ord inate th e NACGC stati sti ca l se rvice. Helped co-ord inate and promote the undertak ing of our new 1974-75 stat isti ca l se rvice by j erry Wright.

6. Made semi-annual mail in gs of flYers publicising th e funct ions of the ACGC to all

'CAA Coaches in the co un try. (For exa mple: many coaches, ex peri enced and new, d idn't know tha t it is their associa ti o n, not the CAA, tha t p rovides All Ame rica n recognition for th eir Gymnasts as we ll as Na ti o nal Awa rd s fo r Coaches.)

7. Helped instigat e dlld dera llge fo r the p resentation of plaq ues to each of th e four reg io nal Coaches of the Year. Resea rched o ld reco rds so as to ma ke the plaqu es ava ilab le retro-a ct ive to fonner regio nal w inne rs who had heretOfo re not been p resented w ith a materia l award.

A rt , o n behalf of you r fe llow Coach es, it is w ith great hOll o r and respect that I present thi s awa rd to such a deserv ing pe rson.

Lyle Welser. Chairman Spec ial Serv ices Award Committ ee

FIG.l

Double Saito Dismount Certain as pects of the mechani cs of the

double sa ito from r in gs are no t understood by either perform ers o r coac hes, and th ese errors in understanding of mechani cs lea d to poor execut io n. In thi s no te we w ill trY to cl arif y th e mechani cs and thu s help perfo rmer and coach to do a bett er job.

Th e first question for any di smount is how to obtain height. On rings th ere are two ways: by a powerful pull when th e bod y is just about atthe bottom of the swing, or by a push (toward a handstand) after th e bod y has rotated V2 sa ito .

First, if we ro tate ~, sa ito o n th e rings, th en pu sh to get height , we ar e rea lly not do ing a double sait o , but 1 ~, sa it o o r less. If yo u exa mine th e sequence photos in Fi gure 1, yo u see that the performer has ba rely released th e rings in picture 5, and has onl y l it. sa ltos Ye t to do. I reca ll at th e FIG judging course that we were taught to downgrade doubles don e by thi s technique, ye t most of th e fairl y high doubles that I see are done in thi s wa y.

By cont rast, sequence photo 4 in Figure 2 is at relea se time, and th ereafter th e per former ri ses because of the momentum he ga in ed as he swung through the bot tom. No tice the much

FIG. 2

38

By Dr. H.J. Biesterleldt, Jr.

more compact tu ck, and th e conside rab lY grea ter height. There is almos t no arm bend in th e " pull" Esse ntiall y, th e height comes from th e vigorous pike in frame 3 and from a pull wi th th e sho ulders I rom th e ex tremely stretched position of frame 2. The criti ca l thing in obtai ning height th ell is th e ex treme stretch before reaching th e bo tt o m. In fa ct the pu ll is almost automa tic if suffi cient stretch is obta ining beforehand . Th e slightlY hollow position 01 frame 1 se rves no " mechani ca l " purpose . But it does help to se t up th e refle xive shoulder contra cti o n at bottom th at wi ll give height.

It might be 0 1 i Ilterestto give a few numeri cal va lu es that w ill illdicate just how much force is invo lved. Stud ies indica te that at th e point of ma ximum lo rce, as much as 10 (ten) bod y we ights 01 lorce are exe rt ed on th e rin gs. For a 125 pound gymnast, that mea ns 1,250 pounds. Su ch a lorce give lot s of impetu s for a high dismount. it that force is exe rted w hil e th e bodY ri ses 6 inches, there is suffi cient momentum ga ined so that the bod y w ill ri se 54 inches more by it se lf before it start s to fall. Th at is a to tal r ise 0 1 Sleet, from a pull during th e

bottom 6 inches. If th e pull lasts through 9 inches, th e ri se w ill be 7 ~, feet.

From these figures it is clear that p lent y of height ca n be obta ined merel y by proper use of the downsw ing, and o f shoulder and bodY act ion as the performer sw ings through th e bottom.

Now let us con sider th e matter o f rotati o n. Newton 's Laws tell us th at once we release th e rin gs we must alreadY have eno ugh angular momentum , l or no additi o nal angular momentum w ill be ga ined. But w ith a cert ain amount 0 1 angu lar momen tum, we w ill rot ate fastest in the most compact position possible. For exa mple, th e positi o n in Figure 1 fram e 5 is much slower tha n that in Figure 2 frame 5.

In a forthcoming resea rch note we wi ll publish a tabulation of relati ve speeds of rotation for var ious positions. Here I w ill on ly give th e end result : to rotate as fast as possib le in a tuck, d raw the knees tight to th e chest , wit h ba ck a b it bounded, grasp legs somewhat below the knees, so that the arms w ill pull not o nl y knees to chest, but also shins toward chest. MOREOVER keep th e head down . Spin is faster wit h the head near knees in th e tuck .

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

FIG. 3

Our d em o nstrator actua ll y shows a neutral hea d positi o n in Figure 2, frame 3, and fo ll ows w ith a neutral o r sli ghtlY dow n hea d p os iti o n in the fir st sa ito. In frame 5 he is no lo n ge r try ing to do a la st sa ito. Here he is look ing back to see th e g rou nd lor his landing. WHAT WE HAVE JUST SAID IS OF SUCH IMPORTANCE TH AT WE W ILL REPHRA SE IT.

The h ea d posit ion for fastest rotation is not ba ck, but forward. The head shou ld be back before th e open ing, not for speed of sa i to but so the performer can see hi s landing ea rl y enough to control it.

Al so n o te that the head positi o n is neutral d uring th e underswing and pull. Other positi o ns are awkward , and co nt r ibute very l ittl e .

Aga in in Figure 2, 110tice that between fram es 3 and 4 the body was in front of the line of th e ring ca bl es. IF A l ANY INSTANT THE CENTER OF GRAV ITY OF lHE BOD Y IS IN FRONT OF TH E LI N E OF THE CABLES, AND THE PERFORM ER PULLS O N THE RI NGS, THAT PU LL TENDS TO REDUCE THE BACKWARD ROT A liON . That is w hy we swin g fr ee in front of the rin gs, and pu sh back o n th em for a shoo t to handstand : we wa nt to k ill all the rotati o n b y th e time we reach the top.

I I a performer tri es to sw ing out in fro nt of the rings (which is good) and also pull s as hi s body is out in I rOllt , he GREATLY REDUCES HI S SALTO SPEED. So il he wa nt s to pull fo r a lo ng tim e, he must sw ing c lase in lin e w ith th e rin gs, as in Figure 1.

Look now at th e sequence of a pik ed double, Fi gure 3. Fram es 6 and 7 diffe r g rea tl y frolll th e ea rli er o nes, lor the shoulders we re pull ed behind th e rings; the line of th e ca b les mo re

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

n ea rl y passes throught he center of gravit y. Between Irames 7 and U th e center of gra vit y ac tuall y m oved b ehind th e line of th e rin gs. That means that th e pull done between frames 7 and 8 ac tuall y increased th e sa it o speed. Note also that the grip was re leased just before frame U so that th e perfo rm er ha s just about 1 \'2 sa l tas to do free in th e air. It is also wort h noting th at the toes after 1 ", sa l tos are just be low th e top of the ring straps and the entir e bod y is sti l l above the r ings.

In thi s sa ito th e perforille r has hi s head back as he pu lb. Thi s DOES OT I NCR EASE SAL TO SPEED. It does make it eas ie r to keep th e shoulders be hind the rin gs during the pull , and that does help . Ac tuall y th e performer had hi s hea d back too long, and showed a somewha t slow sa ito as a result. It would be better if the head we re neutral or down in fr ames U, 9, 10, so that it onl y moved back for fr am e 11 , to get se t for the lallding. Instea d , he saw th at he was n o t quite around i l l Irame 11 , so he ti ghtened th e p ike, thi s tim e w ith h ea d down a bit as in frame 12, to brin g it aro und to a stretched landing. Th e sa ito sho uld have turn ed furth er soon er, to allow an earli e r and mo re complete ex tension before landing.

THE KEY TO TH E PIKU) DO U BLE IS I THE MA ER OFI HE PU LL. SHO ULIJ ERS MUST REM A I BEHI D LI E OF CABLES. THE O N LY PRACTICAL A L TER NA li VE IS TO HAN G O N FOR O N E SAL 10 AND DO A PI KED BAC K OFF FROM THE lOP (a 11 0 t very va lu abl e di smount ).

One linal word o n ga ining o f angular momentum : " th e di slocate is done so th at in th e downswill g th e rings are close togeth er, body stretch ed , th e ll th ere is alrea d y lo ts of

rotation w hen th e bod Y gets to th e bottom. Eith er by pulling hard before th e body moves out fro n t , o r by keep ing the ce nt er o f gravit y in line w ith th e ca bles in th e pull , we ca n ga in he ight wi th ou t loosing thi s rota ti on. And th ere is q uit e a lo t 0 1 ro tat io n th ere. I rem ember a few yea rs ago put ting a man ill th e be lt to start o n a double. He was sca red. H e did a disloca te and re leased ait e r ju st th e leas t bit of a pull , c lo sed hi s eyes and tu cked t ig ht. H e did th e o nl y trip le of hi s lil e acc id entall Y o n hi s first tr y at a double.

On th e matte r o f safe ty : I find th at un less I ha ve bro ugh t d man Iro m th e beg inning up to hi s current leve l, I am unable to pred ict hi s ac tion s rel iabl y. A hand spot fo r a do uble is quit e sale il the performer is predi c ta b le. I f not , use a belt. A nd rem ember th at th e belt is no t onl y to keep the perfo rm er from landing o n hi s head. It also sho uld g ive enough support at landing in stant that even if an ankle is turn ed out of position the re w ill be no all k le injury. A brok en ank le is still a brokell ankl e, even if th e perfo rm er stalld s up th e di smount w hile brea king it.

In l act. th e belt ca n be d tremendous h e lp in giv ing th e perlo rmer th e feeli ll g of how to gai n height. ~ or il the spotter m erely pull s in abou t 6 inc hes 0 1 ro pe just bel ore th e Ill an pdsses through the bottom. th e belt wi ll dss ist in th e powe rlul bottom pull. Th ere is no loss of sai to due to a pull b y t he be lt at thi s ti m e, just as th ere is none due to th e perlo rm er 's pu ll . So th e man ca n sta rt ou t I rom the lirst or seco ll d tr y, doi ng a do uble th at leeb just about ri ght. A nd making things leel ri ghtlro m th e very beg illlling isone of th e most v,liuable thill gs th e teac her can do lo r a pe rl o rm er. ~

39

"ew Regulations Govern Elites Fro m: M rs. j ack ie U. Fi e, USGF Women 's

Techn ical Commit tee, Box 312, jefferson, Iowa 50129

CALENDAR (App roved at March 20, 1974 M eetin g of WTC) First Phase - M id -November (after Congress of Coaches) - Elite Clinic at th e Regiona l Level, November 16-1 7 or 23-24. First Regional Pre­Qualification Meet - january 11-1 2 o r 18-19. First National Elite Qualification Meet -Feb ruary 14-1 5. Second Phase - Ea rl y March - Elite Clinic at the Regio nal Leve l, M arch 1-2. Second Regional Pre-Qualification Meet - March 14-15. Second National Elite Qualification Meet - Apr il 25-26. Third Phase - Elite National Championships -june 12-14 or 19-21. USOC Pan-Am Trials -March 21-22.

REGULA TlONS 1. On ly those gymn as ts who ea rn ed a 72.00 point AA score at the May, 1974 Elit e Meet w ill be all owed to di rect ly enter the 1975 Elite national Meet. Th ese gYmnasts are : Ri ce, Dunbar, Carr, Pi erce, Gayner, Thies, Yocum, Howa rd and Cain. Howeve r, it is necessa ry for th em to e nter th e First natio nal Elit e Qualification M eet in o rder to q ualify for th e Pan-Am Trials. 2. Only th ose gym nasts who earned a 70.00 point AA score at th e May, 1974 Elite Meet wi ll be allowed to directl y enter the 1975 Elit e Nationa l Quali fication Meets in Feb ruary and Apri l. Th ese gymnasts are: Walker, Hill , Israel, Payto n, Archer, Govin, M ys lak, Dowa liby, Gross, Phillips, Bleamer, Sh otwe ll, Casey. However, it is necessary for th em to enter th e First Nation al Elite Qua lifi ca tion Meet in order to qua lify for the Pan-Am Trial s. 3. If a gYmnast attain ed less th an a 70.00 point AA score in May, 1974 Meet, she wi ll have to requalify f or the 1975 Elite Compet ition thro ugh a Regional Elite Pre-Qu alifi ca tion Meet in JanuarV o r March. Note: Th e above m easures were approved at the january, 1974 WTC Meetings ... 1,2,3. 4. Th e USGF junior and Senior Nationa l Championships w ill no longer qualify gymnasts into th e Elit e nati ona l Meet. (Discussed at th e june, 1974 WTC Meet ing.) 5. An Elite gYmnast, w ho fai ls to qualify for th e 1975 Elite National Meet in either th e Feb ru ary o r Apri l Nationa l Qualification Meet, ma y further compete in the followin g m anner:

a. Enter th e Regional Class I Meet (usin g USGF/ DGWS Advanced Compu so ries) and be e ligi bl e to q ualify for ju nior o r Senior Nationals. Note: OnlY those gymn as ts who d rop out of the Elite Program after th e February

(Approved September 26, 1974)

Nat iona l Quali f icat ion Meet are so eli gib le. If a gymnast competes in the Reg io nal C lass I Meet, she may not compete in th e Nat io nal Elite Qu alifi cat io n Meet in April.

b . Enter th e Elite Divis ion of th e Reg ional Meet in Apr il provided she has not entered the Regiona l Class I Meet. Note: Any gym na st qualified fo r th e Nat io nal Qualifi catio n Meets ma y enter th e Elite D ivisio n of the Reg io nal Meet, provided th ey do not drop o ut and choose to ente r th e Class I Divisio n.

c. Enter direc tlY into the junio r o r Senio r N ti ona ls prov ided she has attained a 66.40 AA score (8.3 ave rage) at ei ther one of the Feb ru ary o r Apr il Nat io nal Elite Qualification Meets. Note: She is then inelig ibl e for the Elite Nat io nal Meet. Note: Measures 5a, b , and c were approved at th e June, 1974 WTC Meetin gs. 6. In o rder to qualify fo r the 1975 Elite Na tion al Championships, a gymnast mu st ea rn a 70.00 point AA score (8.75 average) at e ither th e Feb ruary or Ap ril nati ona l Elite Qua li fication Meet. Note : Approved at th e june, 1974 WTC Meeting. 7. An y gYmnast selected to th e Pan-Am Team during th e March, 1975 Tr ia ls w ill automa ti ca lly qualify for th e Elite Na tional Championsh ips, in case she has not done so already. Note: App roved at th e june, 1974 WTC Meeting. 8. An y gYmnast se lec ted to the World Championship Tea m will automatically qualify for the Elite nation al Championships in case she has no t done so already. COMPULSORY AND OPTIONAL EXERCISE REGULA lIONS 1. Both Compu lso ry and Optio nal Exercises will be competed at all Elite Meets during 1974 and 1975 . 2. The Compulsory Exercise w ill be as foll ows :

Vau lt Hansp ring Vault (Pan -Am Compul so ry). Th e handspr ing is an exce ll ent developmental va u lt. Yamashita Vault (OlYmp ic Compulsory) . The Yamashita w ill give a head start on the Ol Ympic Compulsory. Th e gymnast w ill th en begin exploring o th er kind s of 10 point va ults fo r optiona l perfo rmance in 1975-76. Each va ult w ill be execu ted on ly o nce and the order is opti o nal. The score of the best va ult w ill count for Compulso ry Tota l. A one po int penalty w ill be taken f rom th e bes t va ult sco re if o nly one va ult is performed or th e sa me va ult is executed twi ce.

Uneven Bars - Pan-Am version o f th e World Games Compu lsory (mount-straddle va ult LB to catc h in hang o n HB; d ismount - f ro nt hip circ le, stoop th ro ugh to rear suppo rt , basket, st radd le cut to front stand. )

Balance Beam - Pan-Am elemen ts w ith o rder and connections as in the World Games Compulsory Ve rsio n.

Floor Exercise - Pan -Am elemen ts w ith o rd er and co nnecti o ns as in th e Wo rl d Games Com p ul sory Ve rsion. Note: Th ese above exercises w ill be used at Regional Pre-Qua lifi cat io n Meet, national Qu alifi ca ti on Meets, and Reg io nal Elite Division Champion ships. A lso, the USOC Pan­Am Trials. 3. Th e Compu lso ry Exe rci ses fo r th e Elite Na tiona l Championships w ill be th e 1976 Olympic Compulsory Exercises. 4. Optional Exerc ises for the Regional Pre­Qu ali fication Meet, national Qua li fication M ee ts, Regional Elite Division Championships, and USOC Pan-Am Trials w ill be judged on the current FIG Regulati o ns: 5 point difficu lt y, 3 point exec uti o n , amplitud e, general impressio n, and 2 point compositi o n ; new beam tim e; new va ulting penalti es, team rules, f inal rules, and Table of Vault va lu es and numbers. 5. Optional Exercises fo r th e 1975 Elite national Championships may be judged on th e 1975 FIG CODE OF POI N TS, provided th e forthcoming Code is rece ived in tim e to arrange and in st ru ct for its app licat ion. END OF BULLETI N

Note: As you may have noted , no thin g is sa id about how an adva nced gymn ast ca n break into the Elite program. After talking w ith ou r Regional Chairman it has been determin ed th at a hi gh level gymnas t m ay att end the Elite C linics to lea rn th e compu lso ri es and then compete using them plu s optionals at th e Reg io nal Pre­Qu ali fy in g Meets in january and March.

NEW PUBLICATIONS NOW AVAILABLE

Rules and Policies for Girls This book has been completely rew ritt en and

con tains 78 pages of rul es, po li cies and sugges ti o ns for runnin g a highl Y effi cient meet. No one must be w itho ut this book! $4.00 1976 Montreal Olympic Compulsory Exercises Officia l Translation $1.00 1975 Pan-American Compulsory Exercises: M en & Women $ .50 1974 FIG Table of Vaults for Women

(USGF version may have stick s) $1.00

1974 EXPO - Souve nier Program o f Ru ss ian Exhibiti o n co ntaining co lored ph o tos, sto ri es and arti c les of interes t $2.00

The above are all avai lab le at USGF in Tu cson

NOW IN STOCK! ••• Wed! d ¥llmnDGIi~ \" shi!t/$5.0~;~:

40

410 Broadway Santa Monica CA 90406

Please se nd me th e Gymnast 'T' shirts I have checked abovea t $5.00 ea. ppd . I am enclosing a check for the total amount: $ ___ . (Ca lifo rnia res idents add 6'X. sa les tax.)

$5.00 ea. ppd. Order NOW! JUNGLE WALKOVER

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GYMNAST Dec. 1974

j

EBUTTAL ________ _ BECAUSE OF THE CONSCIENTIOUS, KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE TRAINED TO OFFICIATE AND ADMINISTER OUR SPORT, GYMNASTICS IS AN "EQUAL OPPORTUNITY"

SPORT.

Rather than be anonymous, I am Joanne Pasquale

In the statement by Ms. Anonymous on page 46 of th e November iss ue o f Gymnast magaz ine the integrit y of two very fine USGF Women 's Committee off ice-holde rs is being questioned. Because of the deta il ed descript ion offered in the sa id article, anyone from the state of

would know w ho is bei ng accused and by whom. Th e "coach " / crit ic, who co uld successfull Y double as a knife­throwing iHt is t at t imes, used ve ry poor judgement (nea rl y as poor as tha t w hi ch she accused her RTD and STD of demonstrat ing). She ha s th e ri ght , of course, to her op inion, but I am sure that few, if any, wou ld be in agreement wit h her " cr itica l analysis" . It wou ld seem that if there is a prob lem w ith the qua lit y of judging that one cou ld use adult methods of p rob lem-so lving tech niques. Hurling sca thin g critic ism hardl y seems adult nor prob lem ­solv ing. What th en does such an art icl e accomp li sh ? In Reg io n I, whe re I am in vo lved, we have many differences of op inion. Together, coaches, judges an d USGF personnel have lea rn ed that eve ry pro blem has a so lution . Because of th e shortage of judges and the growth of o ur spo rt we w ish to enco urage our people in thei r work .

M s. Anonymous refe rs to the ESTAB LI SH ED cl ubs rece iving preferential trea tment by th e judges. I am co nfident , knowing th e integ rit y o f the judges in q uesti on, th at w homever rece ived the higher scores ea rn ed them w ith superio r performances and not wit h th e 'co lor' of their leotards. Somet imes th is is a b itter pill fo r a yo ung ambiti ous coach to swa llow. It is nea rl y impossible to rema in unbiased w hen one is a coac h and, to be sure, tha t is no t the coach's job. Th erefo re we, as judges have

lea rn ed to to lerat e some of th e exaggerations we have been made to hea r. A nd we, being human, are subjec t o t erro r. Thu s we may ad just a sco re if a prot es t uncove rs o ur error.

It is un fort unate th e USGF personne l w ho wou ld give of th eir time, ta lent, and effo rt shou ld be rewa rded with unfair, unnecessa ry and, w hat is worse, anonymous attacks on th eir characters. One does not beco me an RTD o r STD by compromis ing one 's eth ics or standard s. Nor does one become such an office-holder by weari ng th e proper-co lored leotard . One does however becom e eli gible for such an office by demonstrat ing th at she is a person of integrit y w ith expe ri ence and knowledge and a w illingness to upho ld the rules and poli cies of th e USG F. She stud ies and spends time in a gym, ever-refreshing and growing so that she ma y be most fair and capab le at th e nex t compet ition.

Sometimes th e RTD or STD is " un lucky" enough to have a daughter in vo lved in the spo rt. Should she be punished for all owing her daughter to aff il iate w ith a gym club? Sh e is pla ced in a most uncomfo rtab le posit ion.

It has been my p leasure to have been gymnast and to now serve as a coach and a judge and a USGF RTD, an offi ce I ho ld in high esteem. I have a daughter who has become a gymnast and is competin g for a Southern Californ ia team. Perhaps thi s is w hy I fee l ob ligated to wr it e t his lett er. God w ill ing th e RTD and STD will deve lop very " thi ck skin " 'and not suffer by th e i ll -chosen remarks of o ne skeptic.

In closing I w ish to mention that we judges. are required to pass a test to prove we are qua li f ied. There is no test sco re to qua lify o ne to assume the titl e "gYm nasti cs coach" befo re a persons name ! A nd yet I wou ld be the last to cri tic ize or beli ttle th e coach, Ms. Anon ymo us, in her wo rk . It is m y humbl e w ish that she wou ld bestow, o n my co ll eagues the 'sa me courtesy.

Thank you, Glenn, for th e opportunity to respond. I wou ld we lco me o th er readers' opin io ns. ~

USGF NATIONAL CHRISTMAS CLINIC Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

December 27-30, 1974 SPONSORED BY : All -Ame rica n GymnaslicCamps and Arizona Stale Unive rsity in coop eration with the United Slates Gymnastics Federation

Co-Directors: George He rr, former wo rld trampolin e champion ,

fo rmer N isse n Corp. , Consu ltant . cu rrentl y Di rec tor of GYm nastics, San Juan United Schoo ls.

Rusty Mitchell, 1973 World Un iversity Ga mes Coach, 1974 United Sta tes World Games Coach, fo rmer O lympian, GYmna st ics coach, Un iversity of

ew Mexico.

Stormy Eaton, Uni ted Sta tes Tumbling Champion, Coach of Desert Gymnastics Training Center, USA, World Silver Medalist.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

Inslruelion Instruction at all levels from the ver)' beginner to

the most advanced. Teach ing will be designed to meet Your needs. Ages: 6 yea rs through adul t. Competit ions for all levels: men , women, boys, gi rl s. age groups - all eve nts.

Special AUraelions "Night of Stars" Christmas Clin ic Meet Top Instructors performing along with selected clinic part icipant s. Featur ing the top O lYmpians in the USA.

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41

by Dick Criley

RULES OF THE GAME. By th e Diagram Group . 1974. Publi shed by Paddington Press, Ltd. of th e Two Continellts Publi shing Group. 320 pp. $14.95.

Bill ed by it s publi shers as th e complete illustrated encyclopedia of all th e spo rts of th e wo rld , Rules of the Game is a well-illustrated compendium describing th e rul es of p lay, some strat egy, important terms, off icials, tea m composition, uniforms, sco ring, penalt ies, and dimensio ns of playing fields and equipment.

One of th e interesting aspects of the book is it s organi za tion. The spo rts are grouped into 13 categories: A thl eti CS, GYmnasti cs, Combat, Target, Target Ball,Court, Tea m, St ick and Ball, Water, Winter, Anima l, Wh ee ls, and Air . More than 400 sporting events are covered, and if this doesn 't include all of th e sports in the world, it isn ' t beca use th e Diag ram Group hasn 't tri ed. They ma y lump a few togeth er or omit some: hang-gliding and remote-contro ll ed mode l aircraft under air sports, or Hobi e-cat ra cing and surf-sa iling in th e water area, the Soapbox Derby in th e wheels ca tego ry, and Fri sbee - but ba sically they 've got just about eve rything from A ikido to Yacht racing.

The illustration s are well done although a few ca ptions co uld ha ve been expanded to make clearer the po int of th e illustration. The tex t is more free of typographic errors than one would expect in such a diverse assortment of covera ges. Having watched our own layout artists at work, I can app reciate th e job of their artists. It is difficult to keep a sport down to a few pages and do it justi ce; therefore th e reason for the selec ti vity of w hat went into thi s book. There simply would not have been room for history, heroes of th e sport, national var iati ons (aside from forms o f football ) and details of the sport (which a real fan of the sport will alrea dY know).

In the acknowledgement s, d grea t many sport s gove lilillg bodi es dre cit ed . It is difficult to determille il th ese are onl y th e o nes w hich contr ibuted or just w hy th ey hdve been cited as there are mdn y import dnt Oll es wh ich have been omitted il th e li st is mea llt to be complete. I assume th e lo rm er to be th e case, but still wonde r abou t omiss io lls such as the Ca nad ian Gymnasti cs ~ ed erdtion or U.S. Trampoline Association (to Il dme a coupl e in o ur sport s area).

Now, to th e redson I was asked to review th e book: its cove rd ge of gym nasti cs and trampolilling .

First, the 10 events are we ll -descr ibed and illustrated w ith the 1972 Ol ympic compulso rY routin es in th e course of some 7 pages. Little or no emphasis is give n to the all-around (men tion ed o nl y in connecti on w ith th e Type II Competition <lnd still no t adequatelY descr ibed). '1 he d escription of penalti es rea ds as if it ca me Irom th e women 's Code o f Points

' using th e examp le of " lack of assura nce o r e lega n ce" fo r ge ll e ral fault s and acknow ledging " fault s specif ic to th e apparat us," but go ing on to more specifics on each event in turn . Th e mos t recent Comp lement to th e FI G Code seems to be inco rpo rat ed so things are up-to-date until th e nex t issue. '1 he dpparatu s specifi cd ti o ns are given both in th e metric and Engl ish sys tems w ith a ma ximum size but no millimum, Th e heights fo r K ami HB are low as 104 inches now seems to be standJrd. A dditi o nall y there is no mentio n of competiti ve rh ythmi c gymnastics or Gymnastics Modern e as it is ca ll ed i nt ernat ionall y.

I rea d the trdmp o line secti on cJre full y and co uld not lind d clea r di sc uss ion of th e ba sis for sco ring (10.0 lor execution plu s the to tal deg ree of ditticu lt y). The sy nchro ni zed and indi vidual competitions are mi xed toge th er in some descri ptions so it is difficult to separate them. Since internati onal compul so ry routin es ex ist for thi s sport , it would have been va luab le to ha ve included them as gymnastics was accorded thi s treatment, but th ey may have been trimmed fo r concisell ess . Th ere is no

menti o n 0 1 competiti ve tumbling ill either gymna sti cs o r trdillpo lillill g.

One other aspect of th e gymnastics section which intri gued me was the inclusion o f weight-lifting. I suppose it had to fit somew here, but gymnast ics?

Th e po tential audience fo r thi s book should in c lude Phys ical Education teachers , Recrea tion Di rectors, newspaper sports desks, libraries and th e all-a ro und sports fan . There is a wea lth of information th erein.

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~ §

i !

24th ANNUAL NATIONAL GYMNASTIC CLINIC - SARASOTA

This years National Gymnasti c Clinic in Sarasota , Florida w ill be held

= December 26-30, 1974. Teaching director Abie Grossfeld, Coach of Sout hern Connecticut Gymnastics

:~~==:_ Team, along with Jeff Hennessy, " Mr.

Trampoline" , w ill hea d this yea rs li st of fine coaches. Ass isting Abie and Jeff will

_~==_ be such people as: Di ck Aronson, Ken Allen , Jim Yongue , Pat Signorelli , and Jerry Manasce. Also in attendance w ill

_:~_ be outstanding gymnas ts such as: Peter Korman, Jay Whelan and Ma llory

I

I I %

:: Perkins. :: ~ For more information contact: I i = ! Rick Wells, REGISTRAR ==~ - 406 Rollingsgate, Apt. C-1 I Andalusia, Penna. 19020 I illllllfIlIllIIlUIltHM .... fflHIIHIHIIIIIIHlllllllllllllllltllIIM ........... WIIl"'"""'i

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42 GYMNAST Dec. 1974

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,\\eet I~esillts, 1974 ILLINOIS COMPULSORY M EET

O ct. 261h, O ak Park, Ill inois

14 yrs. & under Team : America n Aca demy of Gymnastics ;

AA: Jeff Vanyek 49.4; Jim Bloyd 43.7 ; Ron Barsiak 42.3. FX : Ron Bartsiak 8.1 ; PH : Jeff Vanyek 8.4; SR: Jeff Vanyek 9.0; V: Jeff Va nyek 8.2; PB : Jeff Vanyek 8.6; HB: Jim Bloyd 8.1. High School:

Team: Park District of Oak Park . AA: Do n Osborn 49.35; Troy Chovan 42.25; Martin

Gonzalez 38.00. FX : Richard Bradley 8.15; PH : Dal e CorkiI17.95; SR : Don O sborn 7.9; V: Don O sborn 6.45; PO: Don Osborn 9.0; HB : John Biggs 8.55.

College Division :

Tea m : Northern Illinoi s University, AA: Glen Tidwell 44.42; Lance Gar rett 44.15; John Ranck 43.96. FX : SIeve Shepherd 8.6; PH : Tony Hanson 9.26; SR: Tom "Va re 8.96; V: Glen Tidwell 9.2; PO: Mike KUl1zweiler 8.85; H8: Paul Kahovec 7.8.

Do n O sbo rn , 1st place AA, High School Divisio n, Park Distri c t o f O .l k Park Club

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SCORE TODAY WITH ... RE COM MENDED B~

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SCORE 3 WAYS r 1. A sure-footed performance. 2. A special 40% discount for club or school group orders. 3 .... and for every package of GYM GIRL Peds sold , " Peds" will . make a contribution to the USGF to help gymnasts compete in Inter­national Competition. Suggested retail price 79~ pair

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Le,tb-t.~.s: ~ . REALLY CARE!

Dear Mr. Sundby , ... Our team is a yea r old a nd it 's ca lled the " Specs". Our coaches a re Mr. a nd Mrs . Sindori s and we' re proud to have coaches tha t rea lly ca re.

Ka thy Swoboda Leslie T ra nchini Anna nda le , VA .

LE T DOWN Dear Mr. Sundby,

I was a li tlle le t down when I d id not see the results 0]' the Boys State Gymnas ti cs .Meet in Vermont ente red in your m agaz ine. I am a Sta te Champion gym nas t , a subscribe r a nd a Vermonte r - I can onl y assume tha t the Vermon t Headmas te rs a re ve ry incompetent - or lazy for not sendi ng the r esul ts to your m agaz ine. Therefore as a former high school com pe ti tor I will send the res ults to you a nd hopefull y you will ente r them in yo ur next magazi ne.

T ha nks , Ray Vlj ven II Lyndon Sta te College Lyndonville , VA .

Boys Results Tea m Sta nd ings : Northfie ld , 72.78; Bur li ngton ,

71.65; Essex, 70.92. All -Around: Cr evier , SB, 3.93; Mendic ino .

Essex, 3.87. FX: Bli ven, MM : Dukette , N: ewton, B. SR:

Ki rby, F: Ahearn , R: Mendi Cino , E. HB : Sid Br ad ley, N: Ahea rn , R: ti e - Ba ker , E: De Felice, N. PH: Kirby, B: Richa rd , H: Asse lin , N. V: DeFelice, N: F . m endicino, E: Goodin , B. P B: Kirby, B: Cr ev ie r , SB: Mendic ino, E. E D. Were very ha ppy you sent these , thi s is the fir s t repor t we 've received of thi s meet. Too ba d you didn ' t sent the gir ls too . Nex t time send a picture if you can.

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OLYMPIC TICKET SALES START NEXT SPRING

MONTREA L (O IYmpress 76) - Orders fo r ti cke ts to t he 1976 O lymp ic Ga mes will be ta ken aro und the wor ld begin ning in the sp ri ng of 1975.

Pri ces and n umber of tickets avai lab le w ill be released earl y in 1975, says M au rice Fo rget , directo r-general. of spectator se rvices fo r the O rgani zing Comm ittee o f th e 1976 O lympic Games (COJ O - for Comite Organisateur des Jeux O lympiq ues) .

Ticket o rders wi ll be made through nationa l agencies reco mmended to COJ O by nati o nal O lYmp ic comm ittees in each co u ntry. The agencies w ill be anno unced w ith in · a few months.

There w ill be advance sales pe ri od s p ri orto the Jul y 17 - Au g. 1, 1976 Games.

Th e f irst pe riod, starting next sprin g, wi ll r un u nt il t he end of the summer of 1975. The second w i l l be from sometim e in the fa ll of 1975 until the end of A p ri l 1976.

A ti me gap betw een the two o rder periods wi ll all ow COJO to assess ti ck et sa les and rea djust allotments.

Peop le w ho p lace t icket ord ers w ill receive vouchers that w ill be exchanged fo r tickets afte r June 1, 1976 at th e o ut lets w here t heY made t heir o rders.

A fter the las t advance sa les period end ing in Ap ril 1976 , ti ckets w il l have to be purchased f rom a cent ral o ff ice in Montrea l. D u ring t he Games, t icket _==_§

off ices wi ll be loca ted at all O lYm pi c competi ti o n sites. i

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44

ATI-tLETES • IN

ACTION GYMNASTICS TEAM

SCHEDULE 1974-1975 Dec. 6-7 W inu)' Ci l ), Inv itat iona l Dec 9 Inl erll1ini sl r y meeti ng 1 :00-7: 00 p. m . Dec. 13-14 Rocky Moull tain Open Dec. 14 Intcrmin is l ry Xm as part)' 6:00 Dec. 26-31 Ca m pus Chrislmas con fe rence Jan 5 Moosehea rl Jan 7 o r 9 10 a.lll. W heal on Christian H igh School Chape l Jan. 14 \" ' healOl1 Ch ristian H igh school even ing prog ralll fo r pa rent s Jan. 16 10 :1~ a. lll . \'VhealOn Nonh H igh School assembl)' Jan. 22 Greg Hicks (le l1l. ) Feb. 11 8:00 p.m. Chri stia n Yo uth Cen ter M ar. 1 USGF Compulso ry meet (wom en) M ar. 20-21 A lA \·v \'Vorncn 's Inle rcolleg iate Regiona ls M ar. 27-29 NCAA College D iv isio n Na tio nals Apr. 3-4 A lA Ca binet Apr. 3-5 A IA vV vVolllen 's In tercollegiate I ational s Apr. 6-12 AlA Week - To ledo A pr. 3-5 or 10-12 NCAA Unive rsit y Divisio n Nationals M ay 1-5 Virgi n ia. Ivti nnesola Tour (tentati ve) May 19-30 A lA Staff Tra ining (tenta ti ve) June 16-1 9 A li\ A th lelic Con ference

ClAssifiEd WOULD YOU LIKE TO COMMUNICATE WITH

THE READERS OF " GYMNAST"? " GYMNAST CLASSIFIED", a monthlY fea ture, is your opportuni ty. Rates are 20<1 per word for the first 25 words ($5.00 minimum) and 10<1 for each additional word . (Ads are accept ed at the discreti on of th e publisher). Check or money order must accompany coPy and be rece ived prior to the closing date, which is the 10th of the month preceding issue date. Send orders to Class ified Dept. , " GYM AST" Magazine, P.O. Box 110, Sa nta Mon ica, CA 90406. JUDGING GUIDE fo r GYlllnas tics - a compi led dill ocd book let by Carole Liedtke fro m a ll of the poss ibl e sources abou t Judging. Inlcudes notes o n psycho logY. phys io logy, and techniques of g)'mnasti cs as well as judging duties, and ru les. $1.75 i ncl udes postage and ma il ing. Send m oney and add ress to Carole l ied tke. 6805 Moorhaven Dr. lousiville. KY. 40228.

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Loca ted behind H owa rd Jo hnson Lo dge at Montvale Ave and Ro ute 93, Bo ston area

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

leotards THE MAXIMUM IN QUALITY, PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN

ARE OUR MINIMUM STANDARDS

BEAUTIFUL QUALITY AT A SURPRISINGLY LOW COST

5 Styles: • Tank • Tie - Die • Scoop Neck

• V-Neck Zipper

• Paneled V - Neck

100% STRETCH NYLON

22 COLORS V - Neck Zippers in all Sizes

Unlimited Color Combinations

N.G.C. Manufacturing Professional Services, and Promotion 555 North Prince Street Lancaster, Pa. 17603 Telephone: 717-394-7380 Mr. Gary Seibert

DISTRIBUTORS ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __

Leisure Time D esign Li nda Jopson (805) 968-1139 ]00 B Pine Street Gole ta. Ca lifo rnia 93017 Dale Vance 3533 MI. Vernon Bakersfi e ld. Ca lifornia 93306 The Gym Shop (213) 451-4288 41 2 Broadway Santa Monica , Ca lifornia 90694 Farmington Valley Gymnastics Center Mr. Chuck Fo rd (203) 677-4467 Brick town Road Farmingt on, Conn . 06032 Chalk-Up Shop (312) 398-7329 932 South Arthur Ave. Arlington He ight;. III. 60005 Chal~:Up Shop (201) 265-8818 310 Kinderkamack Road Ora de l. New Jersey 07649

Chalk-Up Shop (201) 566-5777 Ro ut e 34 Matawan, New Je rsey 07747

Chalk-Up Sho p (609) 428-1705 8 Tam pa Plaza Cherry Hili . ew Jerse)' 08034

Huntingto n Gymnastics Ce nte r (516) 427-8275 Mr. Frank Cassara & Jerry VVatskin 173 East Second Street Hunt ington Sta tion, New York 11 746

Johnson City Aero Mr. Daile Va n Patt en (607) 797-2616 Ca mpl' ilie Road Box 244 Endicott, New York 13760

Mr. Charles Froeming (319) 337-7096 1900 Sou th Ri verside Drive Iowa City, Iowa 53340

Mrs. Inge Frank (301) 734-7169 1312 Montreal Drive Abe rd een, Maryland 21001

Hampshire Gymnas lics School Anne Vex le r (413) 256-6990 21 Gra nby Heights Gran by, Mass. 01033

.Striggows Gymnas tic Wear (313) 856-2558 9496 Secor Road Temperance, Michigan 48182

Chalp-U p Shop (201 ) 381 -6644 211 Elmer Street Westrie ld , New Jersey 07090

Century School or Gymnas tics Mr. Pel Mead (914) 357-2382 Ca mp Hili Da), Camp Ca mp Hili Road Pomona, New York 10970

Barb Knothe (412) 672-0502 326 31st Street McKeesport , PA 15132

Bucks Gymnas tics Cente r (215) 322-2486 Mr. D ave Kehler 4432 Bristol Road Oakford. PA 19047 Lancaster Gymnastics School (717) 394 -7380 l inda Zook & Jack Brunner 555 North Prince Street Lancaster, PA 17603

Nittany Gymnastics School (814) 238-B995 linda Vi lla 412 West College Sta te Co liege, PA 16801

Pa rke tte Gymnastics Club (215) 779-4210 Vicki Yocum 3200 Street Lawrence Ave. Rea di ng. PA 19606

1571 Golden Gate Plaza Cleveland, Ohio 44124

GREAT STYLES

FOR ACTION

For the tops in style and Quality

for dancers, gymnasts,

skate rs and sports "persons" .. . even

records and instruction

manuals for

teachers, write for

Taffy's great list of catalogs and brochures and

join Taffy's great mailing

list.

ATLANTA BOSTON

CLEVELAND DALLAS

SALT LAKE

SE NO H is for you in much va luable expe rie nc e

with all the Gymnastic equ ipment. Gymnasium

apparatus . such as Volleyball & Basketba ll

equipment In our other p roduct including

Athletic·s . Tralnlng's and Canoe . which we re

used for Off icial competit ions. especially for

OLYMP ICS .

SENOH CORPORATION 2-7. KA N DATSU KASA -CHO. CHIYO DA ·KU.

TO KYO 101 . JAPAN .

Cable address SE NO HCORP. TO KYO.

WRONA'S Gymnastic Apparel

RD " 1 lImhro()~ Vrlldge Bpd\pr f dll, . PA 15010

41 2 846- 7078

All GYMNASTIC NEEDS Serving

Pittsburgh and Tri-Slale Area

30 Years Experience

Early Dec. Firsl USGF Pre-Qualifying M eel a nd Qualifying round fo r Wo me n fo r Pan-Am Games 1975 Dec. 3 or 4 The Ru ss ia n me n 's and Wo me n 's Na ti o na l Tra mpo line a nd Tumbling te ams w ill be a t Ke nt Sta te U. o n o ne of these dates ... M o re Info later Dec. 7 Third An nua l Weste rn New Yo rk Wo mens Inte rna tio na l Invita ti o na l Gymnastic Meet. Opt io na ls o nl y. USG F Sanct io ne d. Spo nsore d by Bright Rave n Sc hoo l of Gy mn astics, Be rt Veg h, coach . 2780 Pe n fie ld Rd .. Fairport , NY 14450.716-377-1 948.

Feb. 14-15 EI Paso KENOS OPE N G YMNASTIC ME ET.. . o pe n, boys an d g irls, comp lete age gro u ps. Pat Ha mil ton, 701 E. Montna, EI Paso

Feb. 14-15 1st Elite qualification meet (East of Mississ ip pi ) l o p 20 to Pa n-Am Tria l o n Ma rc h 21-22)

Feb. 28-Mar. 1 No rthri dge I nvita tio nal to be h e ld in No rth ridge, Ca li fo rni a usin g 1975 compul so ries (so unds like thi s mi g ht m ea n th e Pa n Am compulso ri es) a nd o ptio n. Is. Tea m tYpe com petiti o n w ith fin a ls fo r the to p six in each event. Entry fee $45 .00 pe r tea m. Contact Da n Co nn e ll y. Office 213-885-2051 o r ho me 213-344-0435. Mar. 1-2 Elile Regional Clinics Mar. 21-22 Final Trials for Pan-Am Games Mar. 21-22 (PreL) USGF State Meets or Mar. 28-29 Mar. 27-29 NCAA College Div. Me n, Man kato . M inn . Apr. 3-5 NCAA University Div. - Men. ISU Apr. 3-5 AIAW Nationals

Apr. 5-6 Easte rn Sta tes Invita ti o nal Champ io nship s in New Yo rk thi s yea r.

Apr. 11 -12 USGF Regional Meets Reg io n Reg io na l Champi o nships. Uni ve rsit y of Utah Special Eve nts Cente r. Mee t Directo r : C ha rli e Pond, 8418 Supe rn al Wa y, Salt La ke Cit y. Uta h 841 21.

Apr. 18-19 YMCA Nationals a t Wri g ht Stat e Un ivers it y in Day to n , O hi o. Wr il e M r. Do uglas Lewis, Camb ri dge , O hi o 43725 (Compe tition will in ci ud(' a ll gym nasli c eve nt s a nd iram p o line) . Apr. 25-26 2nd Elite Qualification Meet 10 be he ld WeSi of M ississipfJi May 8-10 USGF Ir. Nationals 10 be he ld Ea" o f M ississippi May 15-17 AAU Sr. Nationals at Ke nnedy Sr. H.S .. Ceda r Rap ids, Iowa May 22-24 USGF Sr. Nationals to be h e ld Wes t of Ih e Miss issi p p i lune 12-14 USGF Elite Nationals or lune 19-21 luly 1-5 Berlin - 6th Gymnaestrada Ocl. World Cup, Ma d rid , Spa in

MIDWEST CALENDAR

Dec .. 14, 1974 Fi rs t Annual Fi esta Bowl - Ari zo na Tw iste r In vita ti ona l Wo m e n's GYmnasti cs mee t, a t th e Scottsda le Sag uaro Hi gh Sc ho ol.

III. Ian. 18-19 Midwest Open for Jr. t,;irls AA -Ad va nced Co m p ulso ries a nd Optio na ls. 10-12 o n 1Hth and 13-14 o n 19t h Ame rica n Acad e my of Gym nasti cs PH : 312-H27-6H43 1300 O a kwood Ave. Des Plaines, II I. 6001 6. Feb. 22 Midwest Open Specialists Mee t fo r Ir. an d Sr. G irls ... Op li o na ls o nl y Ame ri ca n Academy of Gy mnast ics (See a bove). Mar. 16 51. Palrick's Day Open for Boys .. O ptio na ls Only (age 13 a nd ove r) Barry Kee ley PH: H32-9430 or H34-5773. Gym nasti cs Unlimit e d , Sc hau mbe rg, III. March 2 Intercollegiate Regionals for Women ... Illinoi s Sta te U (I). Mar. 22 Illinois USGF Open for Boys up to 1H and 1H and over Pa ul Firld PH : 447-0607 Co ll e ge of DuPage LS'IOO La mbe rt Rd ., G le n Ell yn . III. Mar. 22 Eiche Invitdtional for Girls AA o nl y O pl io na ls Ro lf He lmke PH : 264-Y493 Ei c he Turners, 165 E. 11 5t h ~ t. , C hi c,l gO , III. 60b2H. Ma r. 23 Eiche Invilalional for Boys AA o nl y O pti o nal, (See above). April 26 Elite National Age Group Tumbling Championship .. no sil e .. no MD ye l.lune 14-15 Turner Camp Invitalional Ro lf He lmke PH : 264-9493 at TU I ner Ca m p.

Mar. 29 Class I State Meet, Nevada. Meet Directo r AI Lansdon, 1301 Va ll ey Roa d Re no, Nevada 89502. Mee t site sa me. May 2 Class II State Meet, Nevada Mee t Directo rs Mi ke a nd Da le Fl a nsaas 2284 Oppio St. Spa rk a, Nevada . M ee t sit e 1593 Gre g 5t. Spark s, Nevad a.

GYMNAST Dec. 1974

ORIGINAL REUTHER PRODUCTS! DESIGNED FOR INCREASED SAFETY

AND PROTECTION FOR GYMNASTS.

NEW VINYL BALANCE BEAM

A one inch layer of specia lIy formulated cushioning mat­erial is laminated into the beam to give greater comfort and protection during long hours of training.

" QUALITY IS A LIFETIME PARTNER"

'MUNICH MODEL' ORIGINAL REUTHER BOARD

BUILT TO MEET NEW SPECIFICATIONS

GIVING GREATER LIFT.

OLYMPIC SPIETH ANDERSON Ol YMPIC - SPIETH - ANDERSON lTD.

P.O. BOX 40, ORllLlA, ONTARIO, CANADA.

LV36H9

DEALER ENQUIRIES INVITED WAREHOUSES:

ORllllA, ONTARIO, CANADA. BATAVIA, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

.i ~ j.

!'! .

A QuiCk Performan~e Check . . .: " ', I .•. ,' " .. - - ~ *'- . . . ' . '. ' -, .

for Yourt;NiS$en'Mats . , ~ ; ~:'~f,.'. -,{. ~ ::"', i:'- ,t,':,\j~',~- "::i' <', " " -'.' /$

Yaur Nissen tumbling, wrestling, and' flaor exercise mats afe:; the f.iresL :qu3rity Cf!Jailable. Hawever, the pratec­tive value af any filler ar faam can diminish .av!,!ra period af{ time. These '~a~s shauld be inspectea ' regularly far saft spats that may develap and be kept serv'ice'abie with firm . faam. ' .

"-"- . " ,~. . ~'. !i-·~ I ~~ Why nat take 10 secands naw to. try the Thumb and Ruler. 'rest. Place a six-inch waad dawel, ane-half inch in diameter, in representative areas af the mat. .If the dawel can be pressed dawn~ard . with yaur thu'mb (using maderate pressure) 'belaw the battam edge af the rule f "when the ruler, is placed acrass the dawel;' furthE:ir investi­gatian is indicated. Yau shauld call aur TOLL FREE phane number listed belaw fo.r adoi ianal 'inf0tmatian:

Region

Region

" .,.;\

930 27TH AVENUE S.W., CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA 52406

1-Mass., Conn., Vermont, N. Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island . ..... .. , . .! • , ,

2-Pennsylvania, NYC~ L. Island, Delaware, New Jersey .. , . ... -~ ... , , .. . S.C., N.C.j Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Virginia . I ... . ... . .... , ..... .

In Maryland, D.C. . . ... : .. . .............. . ...... .. ...... ...... . .. .

-<~t

Phone: 413/ 733-7927 I

Phone: 800/ 638,9170 Phone: 800/ 638-9190 Phone: 263-5685

Region 3-Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kentucky, W. Va:, Tenn . . ..... .. , Phone: 800/ 348-2814 In Indiana ............. "., .. " . , ...... . . . ............. , .. .. ..... Phone: 800/5~2-7.826

J

.:.~.;:", " Re~io." 4-~inl~~~a , i~\~J~:: .~ i~:~: ~~'~,". ~.a.~.: ~~~~.: ;~r.k .. ,. ~i~~:, . ~,k.I~:, . ~~~~~: .~~~' . '. '. ~. ,l~-",' r ~ '. ~ .~. • ..

Phone: 800/ 553-7991 Phone: 319/ 365-7561

I: . Region ~Ore., Wash., Ca,.,'·Col., N. Mex., A'riz., Idaho, Nev., Utah, Mont·:, Wyo . . . . In Alaska, Hawaii .... I ...... . ....... ' . ~ ................ . ....... . . .

Phone: 800/ 553-7901: Phone: 319, '3;:,

.~ :.; ;~ ,

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