23.01.2012

RADIO PLANNING PROCESS

Ali Murat KILI / Nur MALKAZ

Kemal YAMAN (AVEA)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Tanyer EYYUBOLU

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Avea, the sole GSM 1800 mobile operator of Turkey, was founded in 2004

As GSM sector's youngest, most dynamic and the alternative operator, Avea brought a new

competitive environment to Turkish GSM market

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Link Budget Radio Path Link Budget

Free Space Loss

Fade Margin

Fresnel Zone

Fading of The Signal Rain fading

Receiver sensitivity

Modulation

Steps of Link Design

Content

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The main aim of radio network planning isto provide a cost-effective solution for the radionetwork in terms of capacity and quality.

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Accounting of all the gains and losses between

transmitter and receiver

PRX=PTX+GTX-LMS+GRX-LFS

Link Budget

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Transmiter output: + 25 dBm

Antenna TX: + 10 dBi (an Omni)

FSL (1 km at 2.4 GHz): -100 dB

Antenna RX : + 10 dBi

Miscellaneous Loss (TX+RX) : -10dBm

Receiver Sensitivity Threshold: - 70 dBm

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RSL = Ptx LMS + Gtx + Grx LFSL

= 25-10+10+10-100=-65 dB

Fade margin=RSL-THRESHOLD=-65-(-70)=+ 5dB margin

Complete link budget calculation:

Link Feasibility

RSL Receiver

Sensitivity Threshold

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Radio Path Link Budget

Link Budget

Transmitter 1

Receiver 1

Splitter Splitter

Transmitter 2

Receiver 2

Output

Power (Tx)

25dBm

Miscellaneous -5dBm

waveguide

FS

L

Ante

nna

Gai

n

Miscellaneous -5dBm

Receiver threshold Value

Fade Margin +5dB

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+10dBi +10dBi

-100dB

-70 dBm

RSL -65dB

Fade Margin

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Higher Fade Margin provide better Link Reliability

Fresnel zones result from diffraction by the circular aperture

Fresnel Zone

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Fn = The nth Fresnel Zone radius in meters

d1 = The distance of P from one end in meters

d2 = The distance of P from the other end in meters

= The wavelength of the transmitted signal in meters

TRANSMITTER ANTENNA RECEIVER ANTENNA

Absorption of a RF signal by atmospheric condition

Reducing The Effects Of Rain

Site diversity

Power control

Receiving antennas larger than

the requested size for normal weather conditions

Rain Fading

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Number of bit errors / total number of transferred bits = BER

FACTORS AFFECTING THE BER (BIT ERROR RATE)

Noise

Attenuation

Receiver Sensitivity

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LoS SURVEY WORKFLOW

IN OFFICE

Deciding to location of transmitter and receiverantennas

Prepare a common LoS template

ON SITE

Verify position with GPS Take photographs Estimate required tower heights

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1. To determine equipment and other parameters.

2. Working out antenna heights for the link.

3.To determine the reliability of the link.

Steps of Link Design:

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LINK DESIGNSoftware Tools are used

Inputs to the tool

Frequency( GHz)

Sight Co-ordinates

-Property Latitude

-Property Longitude

Antenna Type

-Height(m)

-Direction( )

-Polarization

Radio Type

Modulation Type

Tx Power(dBm)

Tx Attenuator(dB)

Tx and Rx Misc Loss (dB)

Tool Output

Rx Level (dBm)

Availability Prediction

TRANSMISSION LINK

PARAMETERS

FREQUENCY (GHz) 10,5 15 23 26 38

Distance (Km) 0,5 2 15 40

ANTENNA (m) 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.8

BANDWIDTH (MHz) 7 14 28

MODULATION QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM

TX LEVEL Max 30 dBm

RX LEVEL [-30 dBm -90 dBm]

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Example Of Radio Link Calculation

Which is Used in Real Life

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Outdoor Unit (ODU)

Indoor Unit (IDU)

Outdoor Unit for Microwave Radio

Systems 10.5 to 38 GHz Frequency

Range

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Microwave Radio Link Antenna size varies

with 0.2 to1.8 m

7MHz 14MHz 28MHz

Number of E1(2 Mbps) Number of E1( Mbps) Number of E1(Mbps)

QPSK 4 10 20

16QAM 10 20 43

32QAM 13 25 53

64QAM 15 31 63

128QAM 18 37 74

256QAM 21 43 86

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Bttrich,S., 2005, Radio Link Calculation Crated

Ericsson,2004, The Future of GSM Copyright

Manning,T. ,2009, Microwave Radio Transmission Design Guide,2nd Edition, Artech House, Boston

Winch, R.G. , 1998, Telecommunications TransmissionSystems, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill

References

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