gurbwxi ivawikaw swihq ivc...
TRANSCRIPT
AiDAwie qIjw
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw swihq ivc Xogdwn
ipCly AiDAwie ivc srdUl isµG kvISr dIAW rcnwvW dI sMKyp jwx
pCwx ivcoN aunHW dIAW Dwrimk Aqy gurbwxI ivAwiKAw sMbMDI rcnwvW ƒ
ivcwridAW ieh g`l BlI-BWq pRgt ho jWdI hY, ik gurmiq isDWqW dI
dwrSink ivAwiKAw hI aunHW dIAW ilKqW dw mu`K ivSw irhw hY[ h`Qly
AiDAwie ivc aunHW duAwrw kIqI is`K ivAwiKAw dy AwDwr qy gurbwxI
ivAwiKAw swihq ivc aunHW dy Xogdwn nUM inrUpx krn dw ingUxw Xqn hY[
kvISr jI dy ivAwiKAw swihq ivc Xogdwn nUM ivcwrn qoN pihlW, ieh
auicq hovygw ik QoVHw ivAwiKAw bwry jwx ilAw jwvy, ik ieh iks qrHW dw
ruJwn huµdw hY[
ivAwiKAw Drm gRµQW dy ivcwrW ƒ srl Aqy spSt krn leI kIqI
jWdI hY[ is`K Drm ivc ivAwiKAwkwrI dI prµprw gurbwxI nwl juVI hoeI
hY[ iksy vI Dwrimk gRµQ dy SbdW ivc luky, gu`Jy ArQW ƒ pRgt krn vwlI
rcnw ƒ AsIN ivAwiKAw AwKdy hW[ fw. qwrn isµG ivAwiKAw dI pirBwSw
ies pRkwr idMdy hn ik, ‘‘ivAwiKAwkwrI auh isrjnwqmk klw hY jo iksy
AnuBvI swihqk ikrq dy ivcwrW, BwvW, BwvnwvW ƒ spSt krn dw Xqn
krdI hY[”1 spSt hY ik ivAwiKAw, aunHW mhWpurKW dy AiDAwqmk AnuBv
102
ƒ jo Drm gRµQW ivc drj hY, srl BwSw ivc Awm lokW dI smJ gocry krn
dy mnorQ nwl kIqI jWdI hY[
kvISr dIAW is`KI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI ilKqW dy AwDwr qy aunHW dy is`KI
ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc pwey Xogdwn bwry ilKx qoN pihlW kvISr dy
pUrvkwlI qy smkwlI kuJ ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ivAwiKAw sMbµDI ilKqW qy vI
pMCI Jwq mwr lYxI lwhyvµd hovygI[ aunHW duAwrw ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc
pRvyS qoN pihlW is`KI ivAwiKAw dI siQqI kI sI? kvISr qoN pUrv ho cu`kI
ivAwiKAw dw kI rUp sI? aus smyN q`k is`K ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc
kwPI v`fy p`Dr qy kµm ho cu`kw sI[ ies g`l ƒ iDAwn ivc r`Kdy hoey hI AsIN
aunHW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw dy Xogdwn ƒ FukvW sQwn dyx ivc kwmXwb ho
skWgy[
is`KI isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw dw pihlw auprwlw gurU swihbwn ny Awp hI
kIqw[ gurU gRµQ swihb qoN bwhr hoey is`K ivdvwnW ivcoN ivAwiKAw dw kµm sB
qoN pihlW BweI gurdws jI ny AwpxI rcnw vwrW Aqy kib`q sv`eIAW dI
rcnw krky kIqw[ drSn isMG vI Awp dIAW vwrW ƒ is`KI ivAwiKAw dw
pihlw auprwlw pRvwn krdy hn, ‘‘sRI gurU gRµQ swihb qoN bwhr is`K Drm
ivc BweI gurdws jI dI rcnw hI gurU swihbwn dy sµdyS dI sB qoN pihlI
ivAwiKAw pRvwn kIqI geI hY[ BweI gurdws jI dI rcnw ƒ gurbwxI dw
tIkw jW ivAwiKAw pRvwn krn dI rvwieq aunHW dI rcnw ijMnI hI purwxI hY
103
Aqy vrqmwn smyN q`k auvyN hI pRvwn kIqI jWdI hY[”2 BweI gurdws qoN bwAd
is`KI dy dUjy ivAwiKAwkwr BweI mnI isµG jI ShId ƒ lY skdy hW[ ‘‘is`K
Drm dI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc BweI gurdws qoN bwAd BweI mnI isµG jI
ShId dw nwm hI sB qoN mhwn hY[ aunHW dy nwm nwl hI, pRcilq cwr pusqkW
ArQwq ‘guriblws pwqSwhI ö’, ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’, ‘jnmswKI BweI mnI
isµG’ qy ‘guriblws pwqSwhI dsvIN’ ivcoN pihlIAW iqMn pusqkW spSt rUp
ivc BweI gurdws jI dI sUqirk ivAwiKAw dw ivsQwr rUp ivc (BwS)
vrxn hI hn[”3 ieh g`l vI srv-pRvwinq hY ik BweI mnI isµG jI sRI gurU
gRµQ swihb dy ArQW dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[ BweI swihb gurU swihb dy hukm
nwl gurU gRµQ swihb dI kQw krdy sn[
gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw dw kuJ kµm prmwrQk ivAwiKAwkwrW soFI
imhrbwn, soFI hir jI Aqy soFI cqurBuj ny vI kIqw, pr ienHW duAwrw kIqI
ivAwiKAw ƒ auh QW hwsl nhIN jo QW BweI gurdws qy BweI mnI isµG jI dI
ivAwiKAw ƒ hwsl hY[ fw. qwrn isMG imhrbwn bwry ies qrHW ilKdy hn,
‘‘bwbw imhrbwn jI iek sRySt AiDAwqmk kvI Aqy gurbwxI dy pRBwvSIl
ivAwiKAwkwr hoey hn[”4
prmwrQk ivAwiKAwkwrW qoN bwAd ivAwiKAw dw Aglyrw kµm audwsI
swDUAW ny kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN ivSyS qOr qy AnµdGn pRmuK hY[ aunHW ny
ivAwiKAwkwrI dw kµm 1825 eI. qoN pihlW smwpq kr id`qw sI[5 aunHW ny
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kwSI ivc rih ky ienHW tIikAW dI rcnw kIqI[ AnµdGn ny inmn bwxIAW dy
tIky kIqy:
(1) jpu jI
(2) AwrqI (ggn mY Qwl)
(3) EAµkwr
(4) is`D gosit
(5) Anµd
(6) Awsw dI vwr6
gurmiq dy isDWqW dy ivAwiKAwkwrI sMbµDI kuJ kµm inrmly sµqW ny vI
kIqw[ ienHW ivco BweI sµqoK isµG, pµifq qwrw isµG nroqm, pµifq gulwb
isµG Awid pRmu`K hn[ BweI sµqoK isµG dw sB qoN v`D Xogdwn hY[ aunHW
duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw swfy pws do ieiqhwisk gRµQW ‘sRI gur nwnk pRkwS’
Aqy ‘sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRµQ’ ivc drj hY[ vrqmwn smyN ivc vI ieh gRµQ
is`KW leI gur ieiqhws Aqy is`KI isDWqW dy mwrg drSk dw kµm krdy hn[
ies qoN ielwvw Awp duAwrw jpu bwxI dw tIkw ‘grb gµjnI’ kIqw igAw,
ieh tIkw 1886 sµmq7 ivc iliKAw igAw[
BweI sµqoK isµG qoN bwAd gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw ivc pµifq qwrw isµG
nroqm dw mu`K sQwn hY[ Awp ny hI sB qoN pihlW gurmiq dy isDWqW dw
inrxY krn dw sµklp kIqw Aqy ‘guurmq inrxX swgr’ sµmq 1934 ivc
iliKAw[ Awp ny gur ieiqhws dI Koj kIqI Aqy ‘gur vµS qru drpx’ gRµQ
105
sµmq 1935 Aqy ‘gur qIrQ sµgRh’ sµmq 1940 ivc rc8 ky is`K swihq ivc
in`gr Xogdwn pwieAw[
ienHW inrmly swDUAW qoN bwAd ivAwiKAw dw kµm iek jrmn imSnrI
trµp ny vI kIqw[ aus ny sµn 1869 eI. ivc sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw AµgryzI
BwSw ivc Anuvwd dw kµm SurU kIqw Aqy 1877 eI. ivc kuJ Bwg ƒ hI ‘The
Adi Granth* nW hyTW pRkwiSq kIqw[ is`K ivdvwnW ny ies Anuvwd ƒ
svIkwr nhIN kIqw, ikauNik aunHW ny mihsUs kIqw ik ies ivc ArQW dw
AnrQ hoieAw hY[ is`KW ivc ies qrHW dw auprwlw igAwnI bdn isµG ny
1877 eI. ivc sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw tIkw ilKx dw kµm SurU krky kIqw Aqy
1883 eI. ivc ies ƒ pUrw kIqw[ ies tIky ƒ ‘PrIdkotI tIky’ dy nW nwl
jwixAw jWdw hY[ ieh sµpUrn gurU gRµQ swihb dw pihlw tIkw sI, jo
ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc bhuq v`fI auplbDI sI[
gurmiq ivAwiKAw dw ieh swrw kµm Awp qoN pihlW ho cu`kw sI[ ieh
kµm mu`K rUp ivc audwsI swDUAW, inrmilAW Aqy kuJ sµpRdweI igAwnIAW
duAwrw kIqw igAw sI, ijs ivc kuJ ivdySI ivdvwnW dy auprwly vI Swml
kIqy jw skdy hn[ ieQy ieh q`Q vrxnXog hY ik ienHW audwsI swDUAW ijvyN
AnµdGn duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw ivc ihMdU ivcwrDwrw dy q`q pRvyS kr gey
Aqy gurmiq isDWqW ƒ ihµdU isDWqW dI rµgx ivc imlw ky pyS kIqw igAw
sI[ ienHW swDUAW dw mu`K audyS gurbwxI ƒ vydW AnuswrI is`D krnw sI[
106
ienHW dI ivAwiKAw qy kwSI qoN pRwpq iv`idAw, BwrqI AiDAwqm swihq Aqy
vydWq dw pRBwv pRq`K idKweI idMdw hY[ ieh hoxw vI suBwivk sI ikauNik ienHW
ny kwSI ivKy rih ky iv`idAw pRwpq kIqI Aqy vydW, SwsqRW, purwxW qy gIqw dw
AiDAYn kIqw sI[ ieh ivAwiKAw krdy smyN guurbwxI dI pRoVqw leI vYidk qy
purwixk swihq dy hvwly vrqdy sn[ ienHW audwsI ivAwiKAwkwrW ny is`KI
isDWqW ƒ ihµdU mq qoN inKyVn dw iblkul Xqn nhIN kIqw[ audwsI
ivAwiKAwkwrW ny AwpxI ivdvqw idKwaux leI BwSw bhuq kiTn vrqI jo
Awm lokW dI smJ qoN pry sI[
ienHW audwsI swDUAW qoN bwAd BweI sµqoK isMG Aqy pµifq qwrw isµG
nroqm dI ivAwiKAw kvISr qoN pihlW hoeI imldI hY[ ienHW duAwrw kIqI
ivAwiKAw ivc audwsI swDUAW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw nwloN kuJ Aµqr sn[
pr ienHW ny vI AwpxI ivdvqw dw pRdrSn krn leI BwSw kiTn hI vrqI[
ienHW dIAW rcnwvW ivc purwixk kQwvW dI Jlk imldI hY, pr ienHW ny
audwsI swDUAW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw ivclIAW glqIAW ƒ AwpxI
ivAwiKAw ivc aujwgr kIqw[ ienHW dI ivAwiKAw qy vI vydWq Aqy purwixk
rµgx cVHI hoeI sI[ ivAwiKAw ivc imiQhwsk, AvqwrI qy cmqkwrI q`qW dy
Awaux nwl ivAwiKAw ivc keI aUxqweIAW vI rih geIAW[ BweI kwnH isµG
nwBw vI ies bwry ilKdy hn, ‘‘BweI swihb ƒ gurmiq ivc pUrI SrDw Aqy
pRym sI, pr pµifqW dI sµgiq Aqy ivcwrW dÍwrw ik jy Awp gurUAW dI kQw ƒ
107
purwx rIqI Anuswr AvqwrW jyhI ilKogy, qW aunHW dw bhuq pRcwr hoaU Aqy sB
Awp dI rcnw ƒ Awdr nwl pVngy, keI QWeI tplw Kw gey hn[”9 ies dw
ArQ ieh nhIN ik aunHW ƒ gurmiq dI sUJ nhIN sI[ pr Awp ny is`KI isDWqW
ƒ purwixk drSn qoN inKyV ky pyS nhIN kIqw[ igAwnI bdn isµG duAwrw
kIqI ivAwiKAw inrmilAW nwloN bhuq A`gy dI ivAwiKAw hY[ ies dI bolI
srl qy pµjwbI hY, pr ies ivc swD BwSw dI vI imlwvt hY[ ies dI SYlI
srl qy spSt hY[ igAwnI jI ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw nhIN kIqI, aunHW dI
ivAwiKAw kyvl tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr q`k hI sIimq rhI[
gurmiq ivAwiKAw dw Aglyrw mh`qvpUrn kµm BweI vIr isµG qoN SurU
huµdw hY jo kvISr jI dy smkwlI sn[ BweI swihb ny pµj gRµQI dw tIkw krky
ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc kdm r`iKAw[ pr ‘sµQXw sRI gurU gRµQ swihb’
ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc isKr dI rcnw hY[ BweI swihb ies ƒ sorT rwg
q`k hI pUrw kr sky[ BweI swihb ny ieh tIkw 1939 eI. ivc SurU kIqw Aqy
1958 eI. ivc ies ƒ sorT rwg q`k kr ky clwxw kr gey[ ies qoN bwAd
Awp dy Coty Brw blbIr isµG ny 1958 eI. qoN 1962 eI. q`k ies ƒ sµpwidq
kIqw[ sµQXw dy rcy jwx qoN pihlW keI hor tIky rcy jw cu`ky sn, ‘‘sMQXw dy
rcy jwx qIk qW hor Anyk tIky vI ho cuky sn[ ijvyN BweI joD isµG jI dw
BgqW dI bwxI dw stIk (1912 eI.), pµifq nrYx isµG dw Bgq bwxI stIk
(1920 eI.), BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dw gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS (1930
108
eI.), soFI qyjw isMG dw sRI gurU bwxI pRkwS (sPy vwr koS) (1932 eI.),
igAwnI ibSn isMG dw tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (1936 eI.), AkwlI inhwl isMG
sUrI dw tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (AsµpUrn) (1936 eI.), pµifq nrYx isµG dw
tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (1940 eI.), pRo. swihb isMG Aqy ipMRR. qyjw isµG keI
bwxIAW dy tIky kr cuky sn[”10 ipMR. qyjw isµG ny sRI gurU gRµQ ‘SbdwrQ’
cwr Bwg 1941 eI. ivc sµpUrn kIqy Aqy pRo. swihb isµG ny ‘sRI gurU gRµQ
swihb drpx, ds poQIAW (1957-1964 eI.) ivc Awpxw tIkw sµpUrn kIqw[
ies qoN ielwvw sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw sµpUrn Anuvwd fw. gopwl isµG ny
1960 eI. ivc Aqy mnmohn isµG ny 1962 eI. ivc kIqw[
ies pRkwr auprokq ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ivAwiKAw sMbµDI rcnwvW dy
rcnwkwl ƒ vyKx qoN swƒ pqw l`gdw hY ik aunHW dI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI pRmu`K
rcnwvW kvISr dI pusqk ‘is`K Drm drSn’ qoN bhuq bwAd ivc ilKIAW
geIAW[ Awp dI ieh pusqk11 mUl rUp ivc AµgryzI BwSw ivc (1920-1925
eI.) dy ivckwr ilKI geI sI[12 pr kvISr ny Awp hI ies dw pµjwbI BwSw
ivc Anuvwd kIqw, ijs ƒ pµjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw ny 1969 eI. ivc
CwipAw[ ies qoN ielwvw kvISr duAwrw ilKy 45 lyKW ƒ krnl hrijµdr
isµG mwn ny 2000 eI. ivc Of Sikhism nwmI pusqk ivc sµpwidq kIqw[
‘is`K Drm drSn’ ies pusqk ivcly lyKW dw hI Anuvwd hY[ ies pRkwr jy
rcnwkwl dI idRStI qoN vyiKAw jwey qW is`KI isDWqW dI dwrSink Aqy bOiDk
109
p`Dr qy jy ivAwiKAw dI pihlI pusqk imldI hY, auh ‘is`K Drm drSn’
hY[
is`K drSn ƒ dyx
kvISr swihb ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw nvIn p`CmI ividAw dy cwnx
ivc ivSwl dwrSink idRStIkox qoN kIqI[ aunHW is`K Drm ƒ ivSv Drm dy
rUp ivc pyS kIqw, ‘‘gurU nwnk swihb leI ieh g`l kuJ ArQ nhIN r`KdI
ik koeI mnu`K iks Drm dw hY; auh kyvl ieh vyKxw cwhuµdy sn ik auh
dUijAW nwl ikvyN vrqwrw krdw hY[ aunHW ies g`l dw pRcwr kIqw ik srb
mnu`K mwqr dw iek Drm hovy[ auh ieh nhIN sn kihµdy ik Amkw Drm kro[
aunHW dw AwSw mnu`K mwqr ƒ iek lVI ivc iprooxw, pr ieauN nhIN ik iek
Drm Cufw ky dUijAW v`l pRyirAw jwvy, blik ies qrHW ik smUh DrmW, mq-
mqWqRW ivcoN jo vI cµgIAW qy s`cIAW g`lW hn, swrIAW auqy cilAw jwvy[”13
ieh smW auh sI jd hr Drm Awpxy Awp ƒ dUjy nwloN srbau~c d`sdw
sI[ pr auh Drm AwpxIAW Dwrimk sm`isAwvW ƒ h`l krnoN Asmr`Q sn[
lokW ivc Dwrimk sihnSIlqw iblkul nhIN sI[ Awp ny ies smyN gurU nwnk
dyv jI dI bwxI dy pRkwS rwhIN lokweI ƒ ieh syD id`qI ik jy sµswr ivc koeI
Drm smwijk BweIcwrk sWJ pYdw kr skdw hY qW auh is`K Drm hI hY[ is`K
Sbd dI ivAwiKAw vI Awp ny bhuq invykly FMg nwl kuJ ies pRkwr kIqI
hY,“lPz ‘is`K’ sMsikRq Sbd ‘iSS’ qoN inkilAw hY, ijs dy ArQ hn,
110
cylw jW isKx vwlw[ is`KW dI bolI ivc ies dy ArQ hn, auh purS ijs dI
mwnisk qy AiDAwqimk ibrqI cyly jW isKx vwly dI hovy, jo sdw KulH-idlw
hovy qy jo sdw is`iKAw qy au~nqI leI qqpr hovy[”14
Awp ny is`K Drm ƒ ihMdU Drm, buD Drm, ieslwm Aqy iesweI Drm
qoN v`Krw Aqy suqµqr d`isAw, ikauNik Awpdy smkwlI ihMdU ivdvwn is`K Drm
ƒ ihMdU Drm dw hI Aµg AwKdy sn[ ies leI Awp ny ivAwiKAw krdy smyN
ies g`l ƒ aujwgr kIqw ik is`K Drm dUjy DrmW nwloN v`Krw qy ivSwl hY[
aunHW ieh g`l vI spSt kIqI ik sB DrmW dy buinAwdI AsUl iek dUjy qoN
bhuqy v`Kry vI nhIN huµdy Aqy aunHW dw mUl ruJwn sB iksy ƒ prmwqmw dy rwh
dI scweI d`sxw huµdw hY[ swry Drm byVIAW smwn hn, byVI cwhy koeI vI hovy,
quhwƒ pwr zrUr lwvygI[
kvISr swihb ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI AwpxI pusqk ƒ muFly
cwr isDWqW Anuswr cwr BwgW ivc vµifAw hY[ ijvyN Bwg-(1) Akwl purK,
Bwg-(2) isRStI rcnw, Bwg-(3) jIv Awqmw Aqy Bwg-(4) mukqI mwrg[
iPr A`goN aunHW ƒ aup-isrlyK dy ky iek`ly-iek`ly isDWq ƒ nON qoN bwrHW
AiDAwieAW ivc vµifAw hY[ hr aup-isrlyK dw iek AiDAwie hY[ ijvyN
Awp ny pusqk dy pihly Bwg ivc ‘Akwl purK’ ƒ mu`K isrlyK vjoN ilAw hY
Aqy iPr aus ƒ A`gy bwrHW aup-isrlyKW ivc vµifAw hY15
111
AkwlpurK
kvISr jI ny Akwl purK jo is`KI dw mu`Flw isDWq hY, dI ivAwiKAw
gurU nwnk dyv jI duAwrw aucwrn kIqy mUl mµqR dI ivAwiKAw dy rUp ivc
krdy hn ies pRkwr krdy hn:
<> siq nwmu krqw purKu inrBau inrvYru
Akwl mUriq AjUnI sYBµ gur pRswid]
‘‘inrµkwr kyvl iek hI hY, sdw sdw hY, auh AnwdI Sbd hY, isRStI
dw isrjnhwr qy isRStI ivc ivAwpk hY, aus ƒ nw iksy dw fr hY, nw vYr
hY, kwl rihq hY, smyN jW kwl dw aus qy koeI Asr nhIN, jnm mrn ivc
nhIN AwauNdw, Awpxy Awp qoN aus dw pRkwS hY, auh igAwn rUp cwnx dwqw
gurU dI ikRpw nwl pRwpq huµdw hY[”16
is`K mq Anuswr prmwqmw iek hY[ prmwqmw Sbd rUp Aqy AnwdI
hY[ auh Akwl purK swrI isRStI dw krqw hY[ swrw bRihmµf aus dw swijAw
hoieAw hY[ auh srgux qy inrgux vI hY[ auh isRStI ivc rimAw hoieAw Aqy
isRStI qoN bwhr vI hY[ gurU gRµQ swihb ivc pRmwqmw ƒ srb-ivAwpk Aqy
Aprµpwr ikhw igAw hY[ srb ivAwpk hox krky auh nyVy hY Aqy swfIAW
igAwn ieMdrIAW dI phuµc qoN dUr hox krky Aprµpwr hY[ ies leI aunHW ny
Akwl purK dy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn l`igAw aus dy srgux Aqy inrgux rUp
ƒ vI ivAwiKAw dw ivSw bxwieAw hY:
112
‘‘The Sikh Guru declared that God was not only Saibhang,
Absoult and Independent , Akal and Ajoon, Beyond Time And Space ; but
also Karta Purkh, the All Pervading creative Immanent Personal and
Impersonal. He was beyond the creation , but he lived in His Creation . He
was not the creation, but creation had certainly owed its existence to
Him” 17
Awp Anuswr srgux qy inrgux prmwqmw dy do pihlU hn[ isRStI ivc
ivAwpk hox krky auh srgux Aqy isRStI qoN prHy hox krky auh inrgux hY[
iesy qrHW kvISr swihb ny ‘is`K Drm drSn’ pusqk ivc prmwqmw dy
srgux-inrgux srUp dI ivAwiKAw bhuq srl SbdW ivc suµdr Fµg nwl ies
pRkwr kIqI hY, ‘‘inrwkwr rUp dw qy Anµq s`qw dw ivcwr krIey qW inrµkwr
swfIAW ieMdRIAW qy mn dI phuµc qoN dUr-duryfy hY qy jy aus dI isRStI dy
Awkwr qy ivsQwr dw iKAwl krIey qW ieh is`D hY ik AsIN ausdy ivc hI
smwey hoey hW[”18
Akwl purK dI Aprµpwrqw dw izkr kridAW Awp ny Akwl purK dy
nWh-vwck guxW dw izkr kIqw hY[ ikauNik prmwqmw dI Aprµpwrqw ƒ
ibAwn krn leI jW qW aus dI qulnw dUjI iksy vsqU nwl kIqI jWdI hY jW
iPr nWh-vwck SbdW rwhIN aus ƒ ibAwn kIqw jWdw hY, ‘‘eISvr bwbq
swfy ivcwr nw shI ho skdy hn, nw pUrn[ iesy krky keI vyr ieh ikhw
113
igAw hY prmwqmw bwbq swfy Awm pRcilq iKAwl nw kyvl Asiq hI hn
blik byQHyvy vI hn[”19
aunHW dw iKAwl hY ik mnu`K pRmwqmw dy ijnHW guxW dw iKAwl krdw hY
auh prmwqmw ƒ pUrx rUp ivc ibAwn nhIN kr skdy[ mnu`KI mn prmwqmw
dy guxW ƒ nhIN jwx skdw[ pr Awp ny prmwqmw dy ivDwnk guxW rwhIN aus
dy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn dw sPl Xqn kIqw hY, ‘‘sRI gurU gRµQ swihb ivc
Akwl purK dw sB qoN ivSyS gux ‘<> ’ kQn kIqw hY ik auh ieko iek hY,
krqw, pwlnhwr qy hrqw auho hI hY[”20
ieQy aunHW ies g`l ƒ idRV krvwieAw hY ik pRmwqmw kyvl iek hI hY[
pr aus ƒ v`K-v`K nwvW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ auh swrI isRStI dw krqw,
pwlk qy hrqw hY[ jo prmwqmw ƒ BwauNdw hY auhI kwrj huµdw hY[
Awp dy smkwlI ivAwiKAwkwrW ivcoN iek do ƒ C`f ky iksy ny vI is`K
drSn dI ivAwiKAw sbµDI pUrb Aqy p`Cm dy ivAwiKAw pirpyK ƒ AwDwr
bxw ky pusqk nhIN rcI[ gurmiq dI dwrSink ivAwiKAw sbµDI ies vµngI
dI koeI hor dUjI pusqk hY qW auh Syr isµG dI ‘gurmiq drSn’ hY[ kvISr
ny sB qoN pihlW is`KI dy muFly isDWq ‘Akwl purK’ dy Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk
p`KW ƒ ivcwirAw hY[ Awp ny gurU swihb dy AwSy Anuswr d`isAw hY ik Akwl
purK nw kyvl sYBµ hY, AwpxI s`qw nwl pRkwSmwn hY, sgoN Akwl qy AjUnI vI
114
hY, kwl bµDnW qoN rihq hY, isRStI dw swjxhwr hY, prHy qoN prHy hY, nyVy qoN nyVy
hY[ isRStI dIAW h`dW qoN prHy hY, pr isRStI ivc ivAwpk vI hY:
sgl smgRI jw kY sUiq proeI]
Gt Gt Aµqir rivAw soeI]
Epiq prlau iKn mih krqw]
Awip Alypw inrgunu rhqw]21
prmwqmw dy iesy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn leI gurU swihbwn ny srgux qy
inrgux Sbd vrqy hn[ srb ivAwpk hox krky srgux hY, guxW vwlw hY Aqy
Aprµpwr hox krky auh inrgux hY[ isRStI ivc ivAwpk hox krky swkwr hY
Aqy isRStI qoN prHy hox krky inrwkwr hY[ gurU swihbwn ny iesy g`l ƒ sUKm
Aqy AsQUl SbdW rwhIN vI ibAwn kIqw hY:
Awpih sUKm Awpih AsQUlw]
lKI n jweI nwnk lIlw]22
prmwqmw kyvl Aprµpwr qy Agocr siq hI nhIN, auh isRStI dw
krqw, rKvwlw, ipRqpwlk vI hY[ aus dw srgux qy inrgux srUp do hsqIAW
dw sUck nhIN[ ieh iek prm s`qw dy do p`K hn[ ijnHW dw inrBr mnu`K dy
idRStIkox qy hY[ jd koeI mnu`K prmwqmw ƒ inrwkwr sUKm q`q dy rUp ivc
Xwd krdw hY qW auh Aprµpwr inrgux prmwqmw ƒ Xwd kr irhw huµdw hY[
pr jd mnu`K prmwqmw ƒ isRStI ivc ivdmwn Aqy swkwr rUp ivc Xwd
krdw hY qW auh prmwqmw dy srgux rUp ƒ Xwd krdw hY[ auh nw kyvl
115
ivAwpk Aqy nw hI kyvl Aprµpwr qy Agocr hY[ auh dohW p`KW qoN AqIq qy
suqµqr hY[ prmwqmw dw Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk dovyN p`K ausy hsqI dy lKwiek
hn[ is`K drSn Anuswr prm s`qw krqwrI SkqI hY, ivSv dI isrjk hY,
Aqy AwpxI rcnw ivc ivAwpk hY[
kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik Aprµpwr inrµkwr ƒ vrxn krn dw sB qoN
sOKw qrIkw ‘byAµq’ jW ‘Akwl’ pd vrqxw hY[ Asl g`l qW ieh hY ik
mnu`K dyS Aqy kwl dIAW h`dW ivc hY, ies leI Akwl purK ƒ kQn krn
leI swfy pws ieko hI qrIkw hY[ ArQwq ieh kihxw ik auh swfy mn dy
ivcwrW qoN prHy hY[ jy Akwl purK koeI vsqU, pdwrQ jW mwdI cIz huµdI qW
aus ƒ vrxn kIqw jw skdw sI[ ijs dw rUp nhIN, ryK nhIN, Al`K hY, aus
ƒ mnu`K ikvyN ibAwn kry?
rUpu n ryK n rµgu ikCu iqRhu gux qy pRB iBµn]
iqsih buJwey nwnkw ijsu hovY supRsµn]23
jd koeI mnu`K Akwl purK dw kQn ies pRkwr krdw hY ik ‘ieh
nhIN, ieh nhIN’ qW ausdy ArQ ieho hn ik Bwv pRgt krn leI swfy kol
Sbd nhIN[ shI g`l qW ieh hY ik Akwl purK dy gux kQn krny AsµBv
hn[ AsIN mnu`KI guxW duAwrw Akwl purK dy guxW ƒ kyvl inSwn mwqr
vrxn kr skdy hW[ ijnHW mnu`KW ny Akwl purK ƒ sihj AvsQw ivc
116
swiKAwq kIqw hY auh AvsQw ƒ aus idRS ƒ ibAwn nhIN kr skdy[ ijs
pRkwr gUµgw ivAkqI miTAweI dw suAwd ibAwn nhIN kr skdw[
isRStI rcnw
kvISr ny Akwl purK qoN bwAd isRStI rcnw dy isDWq dI ivAwiKAw
ƒ Awpxw ivSw bxwieAw hY[ ies Bwg nUM Awp ny A`T AiDAwieAW24 ivc vMf
ky isRStI rcnw sMbµDI ivAwiKAw krn smyN ies ƒ v`K-v`K p`KW qoN ivcwirAw
hY[ aunHW Anuswr sµswr pRmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr qy aus dy hukm dw zhUr
hY[ sµswr prmwqmw ivc hY Aqy prmwqmw sµswr ivc vI qy sµswr qoN bwhr
vI hY[ isRStI prmwqmw dw Awpxw ivsqwr hY, ‘‘gurU swihb ƒ idRV ivSvws
sI ik jgq prmwqmw ivc v`s irhw hY[ jgq dyS kwl ivc prmwqmw dw
Awpxw ivsqwr hY[ jgq, sµswr, kudrq, ies pdwrQk hoNd ƒ jo cwhy kih
lvo kyvl iek is`tw hY ijs dw kwrn pRmwqmw hY[ pRmwqmw mUl kwrn sdIvI
kwrn hY[ AµdrlI hrkq dI SkqI jo srb bRhmµf ivc qy hr iek cIz ivc
hY qy aunHW dy jIvn qy hoNd dw kwrn hY, prmwqmw vloN AwauNdI hY[ mwdy qy
jIv dw kwrn qy krqw prmwqmw Awp hY[”25
isRStI dI rcnw kdoN qy iks ny kIqI[ ies bwry koeI nhIN jwxdw[
isRStI rcnw dw smW qW auhI d`s skdw hY ijs ny isRStI dI rcnw kIqI
hovygI[ isRStI dw kwrn krqy ny lukw ky r`iKAw hY[ jgq rcnw prmwqmw dy
Anµd dw cmqkwr hY[ jgq rcnw eISvrI kwr pRbµD dw iek Aµg hY[ Awp
117
dw ivcwr hY ik sµswr prmwqmw dI lHIlw hY Aqy Aµq ivc ieh lHIlw aus
byAµq ivc smw jwvygI, ‘‘ieh sµswr pwxI dy bulbly vWg hY, ijs ivcoN
aupjdw hY ausy ivc smw jWdw hY qy Kyf mu`k jWdI hY[ pwxI dI lihr, pwxI
dI J`g qy bulbly pwxI qoN v`Kry nhIN, ieh jg prmwqmw dI lIlHw hY,
prmwqmw Awpy hI jg ivc ivcr irhw hY[”26
prmwqmw duAwrw isRStI dI rcnw krnw Aqy iPr isRStI dw prmwqmw
ivc lIn hox vwlI g`l dI puStI AwDuink KojW vI krdIAW hn[ gurbwxI dy
ies AwSy dI idRVqw aunHW Aijhy SbdW rwhIN kIqI hY, ‘‘BwvyN sµswr ivnwS dy
rwh ipAw jW auqpqI dw hwlW islislw jwrI irhw hY swfy leI ieko g`l hY[
AsIN qW ieQy ieh d`sxw sI ik swihbW ny jo auqpqI prlo dy c`krW dw kQn
kIqw hY so aucyrI iPijks dIAW nvIAW KojW aunHW dy iKAwlW dI puStI
krdIAW hn[”27
isRStI dy prmwqmw ivc lIn hox vwlI g`l dI pRoVHqw leI Awp ny
1931 eI. ivc ibRtyn ivKy hoeI Britain Association of Scientists dy swlwnw
jlsy dI irport dI audwhrx id`qI hY[ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krdy smyN ij`Qy
Awp ny ivigAwnk q`QW ƒ vrqx dI loV mihsUs kIqI, auQy Awp ny
ivigAwnk q`QW ƒ dlIl vjoN gurbwxI dy AwSy ƒ idRV krn leI vriqAw hY[
aus ny jgq ƒ prmwqmw dI rcnw drswieAw hY[ is`K leI sµswr
prmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr hY; ausdy hukm dw zhUr hY[ Awp ny prmwqmw
118
ƒ sµswr ivc Aqy sµswr ƒ prmwqmw ivc d`isAw hY[ pr prmwqmw kyvl
sµswr ivc hI nhIN, auh sµswr qoN au~qy qy bwhr vI hY[ ieh sµswr kyvl aus
dy hukm dw cmqkwr hY[ ieh sµswr aus prmwqmw dy brwbr nhIN ho skdw[
jo ies sµswr ƒ hI prmwqmw mµndy hn, sµswr qoN prHy nhIN, gurU swihbwn ny
ies mq ƒ nkwirAw hY[ gurmiq dy AwSy Anuswr swry idRStmwn jgq dIAW
sB cIzW, sB pRwxI prmwqmw ivcoN pYdw hoey hn, Aµq ƒ ausy ivc smw
jwxgy[ ieh sµswr pwxI dy bulbuly dy smwn hY, ijs ivcoN aupjdw hY, ausy
ivc hI smw jWdw hY qy Kyf mu`k jWdI hY:
ijau jl aUpir Pynu budbudw qYsw iehu sµswrw]
ijs qy hoAw iqsih smwxw cUik gieAw pwswrw]28
iesy pRkwr kvISr ny Akwl ausqiq dy hvwly nwl drswieAw hY ik
ijvyN A`g ivcoN Anyk cµigAwVy inkl ky Pyr A`g ivc hI lIn ho jWdy hn,
is`K isDWq Anuswr kwdr AwpxI kudrq ivc ivAwpk hY, pr nwly ies qoN
Aprµpwr vI hY[ Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk prspr ivroDI ivcwr jwpdy hn, pr
prm s`qw dI ivAwiKAw dy sµdrB ivc ienHW ivcwly koeI ivroD nhIN rihµdw[
mnu`KI igAwn dIAW ksv`tIAW dYvI hsqI dy icµqn auqy ien-ibn lwgU nhIN
huµdIAW[ gurU swihbwn ny ies krky sµswr ƒ prmwqmw dI Kyf jW lIlHw ikhw
hY[ prmwqmw sdIv kwl ƒ, Awid Aµq ƒ, BUq Biv`K ƒ, iek Amu`k vrqmwn
inrµqrqw eykqw dy rUp ivc vyK irhw hY[ ies ivc BWq-BWq dIAW vµn-
119
suvµnIAW Adlw-bdlIAW iek nwtk dy hyr-Pyr hn, qy aus nwtk dw ieko
ivSw hY ijs dy duAwly nwtk dw Kyl Guµmdw hY:
quDu Awpy jgqu aupwie kY Awip Kylu rcwieAw]
qRY gux Awip isrijAw mwieAw mohu vDwieAw]29
kvISr ny gurU AwSy Anuswr sµswr rcnw ƒ bwjIgr dI Kyf dy idRStWq
nwl smJwaux dw Xqn kIqw hY, ‘‘prmwqmw bwjIgr vWg qmwSw krdw hY qy
Anyk rUp-ByK Dwrdw hY, jd Bys auqwr idµdw hY qW klmk`lw huµdw hY, ByK
ikQoN AwieAw qy ikQy igAw? ijvyN pwxI ivcoN lihrW auTdIAW hn, sony dy
vµn-suvµny gihxy bxdy hn, ijvyN Anyk bIj bIjIdy hn qy Pl ieko ijhy huµdy
hn, ijvyN hzwrW GiVAW ivc ieko AwkwS huµdw hY, GVy tu`tdy hn qW kyvl
prmwqmw dw pRgws rihµdw hY, jd Brm, lok, moh, mwieAw, ivkwr ht jwx
qW kyvl prmwqmw nzrIN AwauNdw hY[ auh sdw sdw hY, nw AwauNdw hY nw jWdw
hY[”30
bwjIgir jYsy bwjI pweI] nwnw rUp ByK idKlweI]
sWgu auqwir Qµim@E pwswrw] qb eyko eykµkwrw]ñ]
kvn rUp idRsitE ibnswieE]
kqih gieE auhu kq qy AwieE]rhwau]ñ]31
Bgq kbIr jI vI sµswr dI qulnw bwjIgr dy qmwSy nwl krdy hn
Aqy kihµdy hn ik swrw sµswr prmwqmw dy qmwSy dw Aµg hY Aqy Aµq ivc
aus ’c smw jwvygw Aqy auh prmwqmw Awpxy rµg ivc iek`lw hI rhygw:
120
bwjIgr fµk bjweI] sB Klk qmwsy AweI]
bwjIgr sÍWgu skylw] Apny rµg rvY Akylw]32
prmwqmw Awpxy Bwxy ivc isRStI rcdw hY qy Awpxy Bwxy ivc lIn
krdw hY[ prmwqmw swrI isRStI ivc ivAwpk hY, sB nYxW ivc auh Awp vyK
irhw hY[ swrI rcnw aus dw hI qwxw-bwxw hY[ auqpqI Aqy prlo, jnm mrn
dw Kyl prmwqmw dw hI ricAw hoieAw hY[ idRStmwn jgq aus dI AwigAw
Anuswr hI cl irhw hY[ iesy pRkwr kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik jgq clxhwr
hY[ ieh mnu`K dw sdIvI itkwxw nhIN[ mnu`K Akwl purK koloN AwieAw hY qy
muV Akwl purK kol jwxw hY[ auh ies sµswr ivc QoVHy icr leI AwieAw hY[
ies smyN Aµdr aus ƒ prmwqmw ƒ ivswrnw nhIN cwhIdw, blik prmwqmw
ivc v`sxw cwhIdw hY[ aus dI isRStI nwl pRym krnw cwhIdw hY[
srdUl isµG ny ies g`l ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw hY ik is`K
drSn AmlI jIvn hY, ieh klpnw qy AwDwirq nhIN Aqy nw hI inrw ivcwr
hY[ ies ivc gurU swihbwn ny d`isAw hY ik mnu`K ny au~qm jIvn bqIq
kridAW prmwqmw nwl AByd ikvyN hoxw hY, ‘‘is`K Pls&w mUloN AmlI vrqoN
ivc Awaux vwlw Pls&w hY, klpnw duVwn vwlw Pls&w nhIN, gurU swihbwn
AwcwrX sn, inrI purI SwsiqRk AQvw AiDAwqimk iPlws&I isKwxw aunHW
dw pRXojn nhIN sI, aunHW qW ieh isKwieAw ik AsIN ikvyN au~qm jIvn bqIq
krIey, aunHW jIvn Pls&w isKwieAw[ auh s`qw, sicAwr prmwqmw bwry
121
bihsW ivc nhIN pey, aunHW dw AwSw ieh sI ik ikvyN lokIN idnoN idn Awpxy
jIvn ivc s`c qy sicAwr dI pRwpqI krn[”33
Awp ny ieh g`l vI ibAwn kIqI ik gurU swihbwn ny ies sµswr ƒ
pRvwn kIqw hY Aqy ies ƒ hor cµgw bxwaux dw qrIkw d`isAw hY qy kyvl ies
g`l qy AwDwr r`iKAw ik Akwl purK ny sµswr ricAw hY qy sµswr dI ijµd-
jwn dw vwsw prmwqmw dy Aµdr hY[ aunHW d`isAw ik ieh sB kuJ Byd hY,
prmwqmw dw nwtk hY[ aus dI Kyf hY[ aunHW dy iKAwl Anuswr ies eISvrI
Byd dw smJxw mnu`KI mn dI qwkq qoN bwhr hY[ prµqU iesdy nwl kvISr ny
is`K Drm dI sB qoN v`fI isPq ieh d`sI ik ies ny sB qoN v`fy svwl ƒ h`l
kIqw hY ik prmwqmw ƒ ikvyN pRwpq krnw hY, ‘‘is`KI Drm dI is&q ieho hY
ik ies ny sB qoN v`fy svwl ƒ h`l kIqw ik swƒ ikvyN prmwqmw dI pRwpqI
hovy? ikvyN mnu`K Awqimk qy pdwriQk sµswr ivc s`c dI pRwpqI kry? Aqy
aunHW ies g`l dw jvwb p`kw qy ivsQwr pUrbk id`qw hY[”34
jIv-Awqmw
jIv-Awqmw sMbµDI Awp ny ivcwr kridAW ies ƒ nON AiDAwieAW35
ivc vMf ky ies dI ivAwiKAw bhuq hI suMdr FMg nwl kIqI hY[ Awp ny
jIv-Awqmw nUM prmwqmw dw Aks mµinAw hY[ jIv-Awqmw prmwqmw ivcoN hI
AwauNdI hY Aqy Aµq ƒ ausy ivc hI lIn ho jWdI hY[ prmwqmw dI joq mnu`K
ivc hY[ mnu`K prmwqmw ivc vsdw hY, ‘‘pwqr ijhVy id`sy qy lop ho gey,
122
kOx sn? auh ik`QoN Awey sI qy ik`Qy gey? auh pwxI dIAW lihrW vWg pwxI
ivcoN auqpµn, sony dy Aink jyvrW vWg sn, jo iek Dwq dy bxy sn[ iek
iksm dy Anyk bIj BWq-BWq ibRCW dI Skl ivc augdy hn, Pl p`kx qy bIj
AwpxI pihlI Skl ivc Aw jWdw hY[”36
ies ivc koeI Sµkw nhIN ik mnu`K pRmwqmw dw Aµg hY, pr mnu`K dw
pRmwqmw qoN ivCoVw Aqy hµkwr dI kµD aus ƒ ieh AnuBUqI nhIN hox idµdI ik
auh pRmwqmw dI AµS hY[ jd Awqm dw ivkws huµdw hY qW mnu`K ies gu`Jy Byd
ƒ smJ lYNdw hY[ Awp ny ies g`l dI pRoVHqw leI iesweI Bgq tYnlr dy
ivcwr ƒ vriqAw hY, ‘‘Awqmw AwpxI Aiq fUµGwx ivc pRmwqmw smwn hY qy
pRmwqmw dy eyfw nyVy ik AkQ hY[ Awqmw dI ies fUµGweI ivc, ies AµqRIv
fUµGwx ivc, ies piv`qr gihrweI ivc pRmwqmw s`c-mu`c, inrsµdyh Awpxy
mUl q`q ivc vsdw hY[ AsW swirAW ivc auho r`bI nUr hY ijs ny sµswr pYdw
kIqw[”37
aunHW Anuswr mnu`KI Awqmw dy ivkws dI iehI AvsQw aus mukqI v`l
lY jWdI hY ijQy jw ky mnu`KI mn ivcoN myr-qyr dw Byd-Bwv imt jWdw hY Aqy
auh mnu`K vwprn vwlI hr Gtnw ƒ aus pRmwqmw dw hukm smJdw hY Aqy auh
mnu`K pRmwqmw dI rzw ivc rihµidAW hoieAW pRmwqmw nwl iekimk ho jWdw
hY[ pr AYsI AvsQw mnu`K ƒ pRmwqmw dI imhr nwl hI pRwpq huµdI hY,
‘‘is`KI AwSy Anuswr hr jIv-Awqmw dw prm Drm qy prm pRXojn prm
123
pRmwqmw nwl AByd hoxw hY[ ieh g`l mnu`K leI qW hI sµBv ho skdI hY jy
auh idloN haumYN myt dyvy qy AwpxI mq ƒ Akwl purK dI rzw ivc lIn kr
dyvy[ iesy leI swihbW ny is`K leI syvw dw jIvn aukirAw-iciqRAw hY, ....,
haumYN ƒ AsIN Akwl purK ivc lIn krnw hY qy inhch, sdIvI mukqI pRwpq
krnI hY[”38
is`K mq Anuswr pRmwqmw dy hukm ƒ smJxw hI aus prmwqmw ƒ
smJxw qy aus dy hukm ƒ mµnxw hI aus ivc lIn hoxw hY[ iehI aus dI
Awqimk aucweI hY, ijs aucweI qy jw ky aus dy swry Brm Aqy sµSy ^qm ho
jWdy hn[
mukqI mwrg
kvISr ny gurU swihbwn duAwrw d`isAw pRBU pRwpqI dw mwrg AwpxI
pusqk dy cOQy Bwg ‘mukqI mwrg’ ivc ibAwn kIqw hY[ies dI ivAwiKAw
Awp ny igAwrHW AiDAwieAW39 ivc kIqI hY[ Awp ny is`KI AwSy Anuswr hr
jIv dw pRmu`K audyS prmwqmw nwl AByd hoxw d`isAw hY, “jd koeI pRwxI
Awpxw Awpw myt dyvy qy Akwl purK dI zwq qy aus dy Bwxy AMdr lIn ho jwvy
qW aus leI prmwqmw nwl iek-imk mihsUs krnw AcMBw nhIN, sMswr dI
buinAwdI pRikriqk eykqw hux qW mMnI-pRmMnI g`l hY”40 ieh g`l mnu`K leI
qW hI sµBv hY jy mnuK AwpxI haumY dw iqAwg kry Aqy prmwqmw dI rzw
ivc rhy[ iesy leI gurU swihbwn ny is`KW ƒ syvw dw mwrg bKiSAw hY[ syvw
124
kridAW prmwqmw dy Bwxy ivc rihµidAW hoieAW aus ny prmwqmw ivc smw
jwxw hY[ haumY ƒ Akwl purK ivc lIn krnw hY qy sdIvI mukqI pRwpq
krnI hY[ is`K leI mukqI dy ArQ krqwr dI BgqI Aqy mnu`K mwqr dI
syvw, qW ik ijs nwl mnu`K Awpw Bwv iqAwg ky pRBU nwl AByd ho jwvy[
qulnwqimk ivAwiKAw
kvISr dI is`KI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc sB qoN v`fI dyx aunHW duAwrw
is`KI isDWqW ƒ qulnwqimk pirpyK ivc pyS krnw hY[ is`KI ivAwiKAw dy
Kyqr ivc ies qrHW dw auprwlw sB qoN pihlW Awp ny hI kIqw[ ijs audyS ƒ
swhmxy r`K ky is`KI isDWqW Aqy is`KI jIvn dI ivAwiKAw aunHW ny krnI
cwhI, aus ivc auh sPl rhy[ Awp ny ivAwiKAw dI nvIN ivDI inrDwirq
kIqI[ aunHW BwrqI AiDAwqimk prµprw ƒ GoiKAw, p`CmI icµqkW qy Drm dy
ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ilKqW pVHIAW Aqy gurbwxI dI syD ƒ iesdy twkry ivc
prK ky gurbwxI ƒ auqm TihrwieAw[ aunHW ny iksy dUsrI prµprw jW Drm dI
inKyDI nhIN kIqI[ aunHW ny v`K-v`K DrmW dy coxvyN isDWqW Aqy AwiSAW ƒ
cµgI qrHW GoiKAw Aqy is`KI dy dwrSink, AiDAwqimk qy nYiqk p`KW nwl
myl ky keI sWJW ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw[ ij`Qy ikqy zrUrI smiJAw
auQy is`KI isDWqW ƒ dUjy mqW qoN inKyV ky pyS kIqw Aqy is`KI isDWqW dI
v`Krqw ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw[ Awp ny gurbwxI dI syD lY ky gurmiq
125
dI ivAwiKAw bOiDk p`Dr qy kIqI, ijs ivc BwrqI drSn, p`CmI drSn
Aqy AwDuink ivigAwn dy smu`cy sµdrB ƒ ivcwirAw hY[
kvISr ny qRY guxW dI crcw kridAW BwrqI Pls&y Aqy gurbwxI
ivckwr sqo, rjo, qmo dy guxW dy ivcwr dI sWJ pRgtweI hY[ gurU Arjn dyv
jI dw vwk hY:
qRY gux kIAw pswrw] nrk surg Avqwrw]
haumY AwvY jweI] mnu itkxu nw pwvY rweI]41
ieh iqMnoN gux jIv Aqy pRikRqI dy ivkws ivc Aihm BUimkw inBwauNdy
hn[ is`K mq Anuswr prmwqmw ienHW iqµnW guxW qoN aupr hY Aqy ieh iqMn
gux aus prmwqmw dy pYdw kIqy hoey hn[ ieQy Awp ny ivcwr ƒ spSt krn
leI mµnU duAwrw ienHW iqµnW guxW dI kIqI ivAwiKAw dw shwrw ilAw, ‘‘ieh
g`l smJ lYxI zrUrI hY ik iqMn gux jIv Awqmw dy bµDn hn[ auh ieh hn :
sqo gux jW au~qm rucI, rjo gux jW icq dw vyg jW joS qy qmo gux jW
AigAwn jW mµd rucIAW[ jd ienHW ivcoN iek jW izAwdw gux jIv-Awqmw ƒ
bµDnW ivc r`Kx qW jIv Awqmw jIA-jµqW dy moh ivc PsI gRsI rihµdI hY[
jd ienHW iqµnW ivcoN koeI gux pRbl hovy qW jIv Awqmw ivc auho gux BrpUr
huµdw hY[”42 gurU swihbwn ny vI ies g`l dI pRoVqw kIqI hY ik ienHW iqµnW
guxW dy huµidAW mnu`K sihj dI AvsQw ƒ pRwpq nhIN kr skdw:
iqRhu guxw ivic shju n pweIAY qRY gux Brim Bulwie]
pVIAY guxIAY ikAw kQIAY jw muMFhu GuQw jwie]
126
cauQy pd mih shju hY gurmuiK plY pwie]43
is`K ivSvws Anuswr prmwqmw dI hsqI ienHW iqµnW guxW qoN AqIq hY[
sµswr dI rcnw bwry gurU swihbwn ny ikqy sWK dy pµjW q`qW AgnI, pOx,
pwxI, DrqI qy AkwS dw izkr kIqw hY, ikqy XUnwnIAW eIrwnIAW vwly cOhW
q`qW dw izkr kIqw hY, pr gurU swihb ny ivSyS qOr qy ies g`l qy zor id`qw
hY ik ieh q`q ausy siq ivcoN pYdw hoey hn jo ienHW dI nINh qy ienHW dw AwDwr
hY[ kvISr ny ies g`l ƒ vI aujwgr kIqw hY ik, ‘‘gurU swihbwn ny sWK dy
ies ivcwr ƒ ik pRikrqI, jIv Awqmw, mwieAw, krm Awid pRmwqmw vWg
AnwdI hn, nhIN mµinAw, nw aunHW ny ies pRkwr dI hor Anykqw dI pRoVqw
kIqI[ gurU AwSy Anuswr sµswrI qwkqW Awpy Awp ivc suqµqr nhIN[ auh
pRmwqmw krky hn qy pRmwqmw sµswr dw kwrn hY[”44
iesy pRkwr kvISr ny kbIr jI duAwrw sWK Swsqr dI r`d kIqI dlIl
ik pµj q`qW qoN srIr pYdw hoieAw, ƒ vI ibAwn kIqw hY[ kbIr jI ny sWK
SwsqR dI dlIl ƒ ies pµkqI duAwrw r`d kIqw ik pµj q`qW qoN kwieAw qW
bx geI, pr pµj q`q vI iksy ny pYdw kIqy hoey hn, ieh q`q ik`Qy pYdw hoey:
pµc qqu imil kwieAw kInI qqu khw qy kInu ry]45
kvISr jI ny ies g`l ƒ vI aujwgr kIqw hY ik gurU swihbwn ny q`qW
bwry ik ieh ikqny hn, bhuqw iDAwn nhIN id`qw, ijqnw ik ies g`l bwry ik
ieh ikQoN pYdw hoey hn, ‘‘pr aunHW ies g`l dI ie`fI prvwh nhIN kIqI ik
127
q`q ikqny hn, ijqnI ies g`l dI ik swry q`q iek q`q ivcoN inkly hn[
auh sB vsqW ivc sWJw vrq irhw hY[ jIv Awqmw qy pRikrqI dy ivkws
Anuswr keI A`f-A`f q`qW ivc bdl igAw hY[”46
gurU swihbwn ny gurbwxI ivc sµjog ivjog dw vrxn kIqw hY, ArQwq
myl qy ivCoVw, ieh dovyN iml ky jIv qy jgq dI kwr clwauNdy hn[ XUnwnI
Pls&y ivc ipAwr qy iGrxw do buinAwdI qwkqW mµnIAW hn, jo q`qW qy jIvW
ƒ joVn qy qoVn dw kµm krdIAW hn[ iesy pRkwr audkrK qy AwkrK dIAW
SkqIAW PYlwx qy suµgyV dy inXmW Anuswr ivSv ƒ rcdIAW qy smytdIAW
hn[ AwDuink Pls&w jIv dI cyqnw qy jgq prpMc dy AwpsI sbµD dw
ivcwr pRsquq krdw hY[ kvISr ny gurbwxI dy AwDwr qy is`D kIqw hY ik
pRikrqI qy mn iek dUjy qy inrBr hn[
kvISr ny fwrivn dy ivkws isDWq dI rOSnI ivc gurbwxI dIAW kuJ
pµkqIAW dI ivAwiKAw krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[ Awp dw ivcwr hY ik, ‘‘gurU
Arjn swihb dy kuJ vwk ‘ivkws’ isDWq dy eyfy nyVy lY jWdy hn ik AwdmI
hYrwn ho jWdw hY”47
keI jnm Bey kIt pqµgw] keI jnm gj mIn kurµgw]
keI jnm pMKI srp hoieE] keI jnm hYvr ibRK joieE]48
mnu`K bhuq swry jnmW ivcoN lµG ky ies mnu`KI dyh ƒ pRwpq krdw hY[
keI jnm kIiVAW, pqµigAW, hwQIAW, m`CIAW, ihrnW, pµCIAW, s`pW, GoiVAW
128
Awid dw jnm lY ky mnu`K bixAw hY qy ieh hux prmwqmw ƒ imlx dw
sunihrw mOkw hY[ iesy pRkwr bnspqI ivc vI jwn dI pRoVHqw ivigAwn krdI
hY, gurbwxI ivc vI ies g`l dw pRmwx iml jWdw hY, jd Bgq kbIr jI p`qy
qoVn vwlI mwlx ƒ pukwr ky kihMdy hn:
pwqI qorY mwilnI pwqI pwqI jIau]49
iesy pRkwr kvISr ny bnspqI dI sdIvqw sbµDI ivigAwink scweI
dI pRoVqw leI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy ienHW vwkW ƒ vrq ky ies Dwrxw ƒ
spSt kIqw:
jyqy dwxy Aµn ky jIAw bwJu n koie]
pihlw pwxI jIau hY ijqu hirAw sBu koie]50
kvISr leI bihs dw ivSw ieh nhIN ik ivigAwink scweIAW qy
AiDAwqimk scweIAW Awps ivc ik`QoN q`k myl KWdIAW hn[ is`K mq
Anuswr mnuKI buDI qoN prHy igAwn dI iek hor SkqI hY, ijs dI ivAwiKAw
kvISr ny ‘id`b-idRStI’ vwly lyK ivc kIqI hY[ ieh id`b idRStI ivigAwink
scweIAW qoN bhuq A`gy q`k dyKx dI smrQw r`KdI hY[ ies ƒ koeI dYvI
cyqnw kihµdw hY qy koeI AiDAwqimk AnuBv AwKdw hY[ kvISr ny ivAwiKAw
krdy smyN keI QW gurbwxI dy keI isDWqW dI ivigAwink ivAwiKAw krn dw
Xqn kIqw hY Aqy AweInstweIn vrgy ivigAwnIAW dy hvwly isDWq dI
pRoVqw leI vrqy hn[ Awp ny ivlIAm jymz dy hvwly nwl d`isAw hY ik
129
sµswr swfy leI ieMj hY ijvyN f`fU leI KUh[ kudrq dI fUµGweI, aus dI Adlw
bdlI, ausdI ivSwlqw dw koeI Aµq nhIN[
kvISr dw ivcwr hY ik jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ny lokweI ƒ is`Dy rsqy
pwaux dw imSn AwrµiBAw sI, aus smyN is`DW, XogIAW, sµinAwsIAW dI BwSw
dw bol-bwlw sI Aqy lokW ivc aunHW dI SbdwvlI Awm pRcilq sI[ gurU
swihb dI bwxI ivc ies SbdwvlI dI BrpUr vrqoN imldI hY[ Awp dw mq
hY ik gurU swihbwn ny Xoigk sµkyqW ƒ nvyN ArQW ivc pRXog kIqw[ gurmiq
ivc vYrwg dw BwvrQ auh nhIN jo sµinAws ivc hY[ gurU swihbwn ny Xoigk
rhu-rIqW ƒ pRvwn nhIN kIqw Aqy is`KW ƒ aunHW qoN vrijAw[
kvISr ny is`KI dy ‘rwj Xog’ ivc igAwn Xog, krmXog qy BgqIXog
dy sµgm ƒ ibAwn kIqw hY[ Awp dw kihxw hY ik is`K ƒ igAwnI, Bgq qy
krmXogI hoxw cwhIdw hY[ gurmiq ivc hT-Xog dI koeI QW nhIN, is`K leI
inrlyp gRihsQI jIvn bqIq krnw auicq hY[ ies qrHW is`K ivc inrwSwvwd
dI QW AwSwvwd qy Anµd imldw hY[
kvISr ny gurmiq dy isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw krdy smyN pRis`D icµqkW qy
ivdvwnW ijvyN ik ivvykwnµd, tYgor, Aribµdo GoS, rwDw ikRSnn, AYmrsn,
fwrivn, Pilt, vrfzvrQ, br`gsn, ivlIAm jymz, r`sl, AweInstweIn
Awid dIAW ilKqW ivcoN hvwly dy ky gurmiq dy isDWq dI pRoVqw kIqI hY Aqy
130
nwl hI ivAwiKAw ƒ qulnwqmk Fµg ivc pyS kIqw[ is`KI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr
ivc ieh iek nvW pRXog sI[
ivAwiKAw dy ivSy
kvISr dy AµgryzI ivc ilKy lyK jo Of Sikhism pusqk ivc pRkwiSq
kIqy gey Aqy is`K Drm drSn ivcly lyKW dw ivSw iek hI hY, pr aunHW dI
qrqIb ivc Aµqr hY qW vI ies pusqk dy swry lyK AµgryzI lyKW dI sm`grI
aupr AwDwirq hn[ ies pusqk ivc Awp ny is`KI dy lgBg swry isDWqW dI
ivAwiKAw qrkpUrn Fµg nwl kIqI hY[ aunHW ny pusqk ƒ cwr BwgW ivc vµf
ky A`gy aup-isrlyK dy ky iek-iek AiDAwie ivc iek-iek pRmu`K dwrSink
is`KI isDWq dI ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[
kvISr ny pusqk dy pihly Bwg ƒ ‘Akwl purK’ isrlyK ADIn r`iKAw
hY[ ies Bwg ivc prmwqmw dy inrgux srgux, Aprµpwr prm q`q, AlK
krqwr, inrµkwr dI hsqI, id`b idRStI, srb ivAwpk, eISvrI gux, Akwl
purK dy ivDwnk gux, prmwqmw pRym rs, Awid qoN ielwvw sUPI mq Aqy is`K
mq dI qulnw ƒ ivcwr dw ivSw bxwieAw whY[ ies Bwg ivc kvISr ny rwm-
ikRSn prmhµs, Aribµdo GoS, gosuAwmI qulsIdws qy Bgq kbIr jI dIAW
qukW Aqy ivcwrW dy nwl-nwl p`CmI dwrSinkW Aqy ivigAwnIAW dIAW
ilKqW ivcoN hvwly dy ky Awpxy mq ƒ idRV kIqw hY[ iesy pRkwr Awp ny
prmwqmw dI hoNd sMbµDI p`CmI dwrSinkW dIAW dlIlW dy hvwly nwl is`D
131
kIqw hY ik gurU swihbwn sihj suBw hI ienHW dlIlW ƒ gurbwxI ivc
drswauNdy hn[ id`b-idRStI vwly lyK ivc aunHW ny ies g`l ƒ aujwgr kIqw hY
ik ‘‘id`b idRStI mnu`K dw CyvW ieµdrw hY, ieh dUijAW ieµidRAW smwn vI hY qy
Afrw vI[ id`b idRStI dy ArQ hn soJI vwlI A`K, auh A`K ijhVI prm
siq dy Byq dI soJI krWdI hY[ ijvyN Akwl purK dI hsqI pd cOQy dw ivSw
hY, iqvyN aus ƒ vyKx vwlI A`K vI dUijAW ieµidRAW nwloN ivSyS hY[”51 kvISr
ny gurbwxI dy ies ivcwr dI puStI leI mnoivigAwn dIAW nvIn KojW ƒ
AwDwr bxwieAw hY Aqy idRV kIqw hY ik prmwqmw dw AnuBv krn vwlI
igAwn ieµdRI hr iksy dy BwgW ivc nhIN, ieh qW iksy ivrly mnu`K ƒ nsIb
huµdI hY jdoN prmwqmw dI imhr aus mnu`K qy huµdI hY:
BIqir kot guPw Gr jweI]
nau Gr Qwpy hukim rjweI]
dsvY purKu AlyKu ApwrI
Awpy AlKu lKwiedw]52
iesy ivcwr dI puStI leI Awp ny p`CmI icMiqk Pilt, twms
AYkvInws, Aqy vrfzvrQ, jo iek Aµgryz kvI sI, dI kivqw ƒ vI
vriqAw hY :
That blessed mood
In which the burthen of the mystery,
In which the heavy and weary wight
of all this unintelligible world Is lightened,
132
... ... ... ... ... ...
Of harmony and the deep power of joy,
We see into the life of thing53.
ijs mnu`K ƒ prmwqmw dw AnuBv ho jWdw hY aus ƒ prmwqmw dI pRq`K
hzUrI jwpdI hY[ kvISr ny AiDAwqimk AnuBv dI ies AvsQw ƒ vI v`K-
v`K DrmW dy sµdrB ivc ivcwirAw hY ijvyN sUPI mq vwly ies AvsQw ivc
Kud ƒ prmwqmw AwKx l`g pYNdy hn[ kvISr ny sUPIAW dy ivcwr ƒ BweI nµd
lwl jI dy ivcwr nwl r`d kIqw hY, ‘‘ijQoN qIk vwh l`gy, bµdw bixAw rhu,
prmwqmw nw bx, bµdy ƒ bµdgI hI BwlxI loVIey[”54
isRStI rcnw vwly Bwg ivc Awp ny sµswr rcnw, sµswr lIlHw,
mwieAw, kudrq dy inXm, pRikrqI qy siq, dyS qy kwl, sµswr qy is`K mq,
is`K Pls&w, Awid iviSAW ƒ lY ky ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ sµswr rcnw ƒ
kvISr ny prmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr qy aus dI lIlHw mµinAw hY[ gurbwxI
ny jgq ƒ prmwqmw dw Kyl d`isAw hY:
quDu Awpy Awpu aupwieAw]
dUjw Kylu kir idKlwieAw]55
kvISr dw ivcwr hY, ‘‘prmwqmw ny jg pYdw kIqw, sB kwrnW dw
krn vwlw qy SkqIAW vwlw Awp hY, aus ny jIv-Awqmw qy srIr AwpxI
vsq nwl iqAwr kIqw[”56 mnu`K leI sµswr dI ivAwiKAw krn dw sB qoN
133
sOKw cµgw qrIkw ieh kihxw ik sµswr prmwqmw dI lIlHw hY Aqy ieQy ieh
lIlHw aus prmwqmw ivc hI smw jwvygI[
kvISr ny mwieAw vwly AiDAwie ivc d`isAw hY ik gurU swihbwn ny
mwieAw ƒ siq nhIN mµinAw, ieh swfI haumY duAwrw pYdw huµdI hY[ jd qk
mnu`K haumY dy AigAwn rUpI hnyry ivc hY, aunw icr mnu`K pRikrqI jW
mwieAw ƒ pYdw krn vwlI hsqI ƒ pRwpq nhIN kr skdw[ Aijhy mnu`K
ivrly hI huµdy hn jo haumY dw iqAwg krky mwieAw dy bµDnW qoN aupr au~T ky
prmwqmw ƒ pRwpq kr lYNdy hn[ gurU nwnk dyv jI vI Aijhy mnuK bhuq G`t
hox bwry AwKdy hn:
hYin ivrly nwhI Gxy PYl PkVu sµswru]57
Awp ny pusqk dy qIjy Bwg ‘jIv Awqmw’ ivc prmwqmw dw Aks,
haumY, Awqmw qy mn, Awqmw bwry kuJ ivcwr, purS qy mwieAw, mnu`KI jIvn
dw pRXojn, haumY mwrnw, rzw qy Bwxw, sÍY igAwn, Awid iviSAW ƒ lY ky
ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ kvISr ny jIv Awqmw bwry crcw kridAW d`isAw hY
ik, ‘‘mnu`K prmwqmw vloN AwauNdw hY qy muV prmwqmw v`l jWdw hY, prmwqmw
mnu`K ivc Aqy mnu`K prmwqmw ivc vsdw hY, prmwqmw dI joq mnu`K ivc
hY[”58 jIv prmwqmw dw Aks hY[ pr hµkwr rUpI kµD mnu`K ƒ prmwqmw dI
pRwpqI nhIN hox idµdI[ haumY dI kµD krky hI mnu`K ny prmwqmw ƒ ivswr
id`qw hY Aqy Awpxy Awp ƒ prmwqmw qoN v`Krw smiJAw[ jd mnu`K dy AµdroN
134
haumY dw Kwqmw ho jWdw hY qW auh prmwqmw ivc smw jWdw hY qy aus
prmwqmw dw hI rUp ho jWdw hY[ gurmiq ivc ies AvsQw ƒ jIvn mukq
ikhw igAw hY[ kvISr ny ies AvsQw ƒ aus dy Awpxy krmW Aqy prmwqmw
dI imhr qy ADwirq d`isAw hY[ ikauNik haumY ivc mnu`K ivkwrW ivc Ps
jWdw hY[ pr jy mnu`K mn dI AslI AvsQw ƒ jwx lvy qW auh prmwqmw ƒ
sihjy hI pRwpq kr lvygw[
kvISr ny pusqk dy cOQy Bwg ivc mukqI mwrg bwry g`l kridAW
hoieAW prmwqmw pRym, BgqI mwrg, prmwqmw nwl ABydqw, krqwr dI imhr
‘ndir krm’, ivsmwd AvsQw, Awqm pRkwS, Awqm Awnµd, suBwvk qy
Afol ABydqw, vYrwg, mukq pd, sµinAws qy Xog Awid iviSAW dI
ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ kvISr ny pRBU pRwpqI jW mukqI dy mwrg dw sB qoN
vDIAw qrIkw prmwqmw Aqy mnu`K mwqr pRym d`isAw hY[ pRym jgq dI sB qoN
v`fI SkqI hY[ is`K mq Anuswr mnu`K leI BgqI qy bµdgI ivc hI mukqI hY[
pRBU pRym vwlw is`K pRymw BgqI ibnW nhIN rih skdw[ kvISr dw ivcwr hY ik
prmwqmw dw BY kudrq dw inXm hY[ kudrq ivc BY Aqy mnu`KI ihrdy ivc
pRym dovyN brwbr drjw r`Kdy hn[ gurU swihbwn ny Akwl purK ƒ ipqw-mwqw,
im`qr, sulqwn, dYvI kµq, Awid sµkyqW nwl sµboDn kIqw hY[ ieh aus pRqI
pRym pRgt krn dy Xqn hn[
135
kvISr ny mukqI dy mwrg ivc prmwqmw dI imhr aupr vI bl id`qw
hY Aqy imhr dy ArQ ies pRkwr kIqy hn, ‘‘is`KI AwSy Anuswr imhr dy
ArQ hn ik swfI Xogqw-AXogqw dw i^Awl nw krdy hoey swƒ aus dI rzw
ivc Brosw hoxw ik Akwl purK swfI shwieqw krygw qy swƒ gl lweygw[”59
prmwqmw dI imhr hI swƒ mukqI bKSdI hY[ ieh imhr iksy qy QoVHI Aqy
iksy qy ausdy krmW krky bhuqI huµdI hY[ ijs qy imhr ho jwey auh mnuK
smJ jWdw hY ik prmwqmw qoN bwhr kuJ nhIN:
sBnw aupir ndir pRB qyrI]
iksY QoVI iksY hY GxyrI]
quJ qy bwhir ikCu n hovY]
gurmuiK soJI pwvixAw]60
sB kuJ aus prmwqmw dy hukm dy Aµdr hY[ swƒ ACweI Dwrn krn
leI aus dI imhr dI loV hY, pr imhr qW huµdI hY jykr AsIN mhwn Awqmw
dy pUrixAW qy c`lIey, aunHW dy d`sy mwrg qy c`lIey qW AsIN sihjy hI mukqI
pRwpq kr lvWgy[
iesy pRkwr kvISr ny ‘The Sikh Studies*pusqk ivcly Awpxy lyKW
rwhIN is`KI isDWqW, is`KI AwdrSW ƒ pyS krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[The Battle
of Life : How Guru Gobind Singh Fought It. lyK ivc kvISr ny gurU
goibµd isµG jI dy jIvn kwl ƒ AwpxI ilKq rwhIN swfy swhmxy ilAw ky aunHW
dI socxI, krxI ƒ pRsquq kIqw hY[ gurU swihb ny Drm Kwqr bhuq
136
kurbwnIAW id`qIAW[ auh hmySW hI SuB krm krn Aqy vwry jwx leI Ardws
krdy hn[ ieh Ardws Awpxy Drm aupr kurbwn hox nwl juVI huµdI hY[
Awpxy Awp ƒ kurbwn krnw, Awpxy Awp ƒ lok BlweI dy kµmW ivc lwauxw,
pRym, syvw Aqy s`c dy rwh qy clxw Aqy jIvn dy s`c ƒ pRwpq krnw jIvn dw
audyS hY[ iehI sdwcwr, praupkwr dw rwh gurU dI is`KI dy lV lwauNdw hY[
ienswn jdoN prmwqmw dy lV l`g jWdw hY qW auh loB, moh, Ahµkwr qoN dUr ho
jWdw hY[ Aijhw mnu`K Awpw vwrn leI hmySw iqAwr-br-iqAwr rihµdw hY[
iehI gurU goibµd isµG dw Kwlsw hY, ijs leI dUjy gurU swihbwn ny vI v`K-v`K
Sbd vrqy, pr ieh auhI AwdrS mnuK hY ijs dI isrjnw dw mu`F gurU nwnk
dyv jI ny r`iKAw sI[ ieho ijhy ivcwr hI kvISr jI ny Awpxy bwkI lyKW
ivc pyS kIqy hn, ijnHW aupr gurbwxI dI rµgx cVHI hoeI hY[
kvISr ny lyKW ivc gur ieiqhws ivcoN GtnwvW ƒ lY ky gurbwxI dy
iksy nw iksy q`Q ƒ idRVwieAw[ aunHW dw hr lyK iksy nw iksy qrIky nwl
aunHW q`QW ƒ idRVwauNdw dyiKAw jw skdw hY, jo is`K Drm dw AwDwr hn[
kvISr ny AwpxI pusqk ivcly lyKW ’c gur ieiqhs Aqy gurbwxI ƒ AwDwr
bxw ky gurU swihbwnW dy aupdyS ƒ lokW q`k phuµcwaux dw sPl Xqn kIqw hY[
kvISr duAwrw ricq khwxIAW ijvyN The Playmates, Baba Sahab
Singh Aqy Gratitude Awid vI is`KI AwdrSW ƒ muK r`K ky ilKIAW
geIAW sn[ Baba Sahab Singh khwxI PruKSIAr dy Swsn kwl bwry
137
izkr krdI hY, bwbw swhb isµG ies khwxI dw muK pwqr hY[ PruKSIAr ny
bwbw swhb isµG dy isr qy 1000 rupey dw ienwm r`iKAw hoieAw hY[ ieh aus
guris`K dy isr dI kImq hY jo mugl hkUmq dw twkrw krdw hY Aqy mugl
hkUmq is`KI ƒ Kqm krn vwsqy isroN pYroN qwkq lw rhI sI[ dIn muhµmd nW
dw iek hor pwqr hY, jo swhb isµG ƒ jµgl ivcoN PVHn leI jWdw hY[ jd
dIn muhµmd swhb isµG pws phuµcdw hY qW swhb isµG iek ndI dy iknwry bYTw
iek ib`CU ƒ ndI ivcoN k`Fx dI koiSS krdw hY, pr auh vwr-vwr aus dy h`Q
qy fµg mwrdw hY[ ieh vyK ky dIn muhµmd hYrwn ho jWdw hY Aqy AwKdw hY ik
qUµ ies ƒ ikauN k`Fdw hY jdoNik ieh qYƒ vwr-vwr fµg mwrdw hY, qW swhb
isµG ny aus ƒ ikhw ik jdoN ieh AwpxI Awdq nhIN C`fdw qW mYN AwpxI
Awdq ikauN C`fW[ ies qy dIn muhµmd bhuq hYrwn huµdw hY ik mugl bwdSwh
ieµny cµgy ienswn ƒ ikauN mwrnw cwhuµdw hY[ dIn muhµmd aus ƒ kihµdw hY ik
qUµ Awpxy Awp ƒ swfy hvwly kr dy Aqy myry nwl c`l[ ies qy swhb isµG
aus dy nwl c`l pYNdw hY[ rsqy ivc dovyN Q`k jWdy hn qW swhb isMG aus ƒ
Awpxy Gr lY jWdw hY, auQy aus dI cµgI syvw krdw hY[ rwq ƒ nUrw nW dw
fwkU aunHW ƒ lu`tx vwsqy AwauNdw hY[ auh swhb isMG dI 12 swlW kuVI ƒ cu`k
lYNdw hY[ dIn muhµmd aus dw ip`Cw krky kuVI ƒ Cufwaux dI koiSS krdw hY,
pr fwkU aus ƒ zKmI kr idMdw hY[ swhb isµG Aw ky fwkU ƒ PV lYNdw hY
Aqy ausƒ dIn muhµmd dI syvw vwsqy AwKdw hY ik jd q`k dIn muhµmd TIk
138
nhIN ho jWdw, qUµ aus dI syvw kr[ ies qy nUrw Aqy dIn muhµmd dovyN aus nwl
iml ky mugl slqnq dw twkrw krdy hn[ ies khwxI ivc kvISr ny iek
guris`K dy PrzW ƒ aujwgr kIqw hY ik aus dw krq`v bxdw hY ik auh Awpxy
Drm dI r`iKAw leI lVy Aqy lok BlweI vwly kµm kry[
iesy pRkwr Awp ny The Playmates khwxI ivc iek is`K dy krq`v ƒ
Aqy iek AwdrS is`K dy cir`qr ƒ pyS kIqw hY[ Awp ny ies khwxI ivc
d`isAw hY ik iek is`K iksy mzlUm dI r`iKAw krn vwsqy AwpxI jwn dI vI
prvwh nhIN krdw[ Awp ny ies khwxI ivc drswieAw hY ik jd vrqmwn
smyN dI srkwr gurU goibµd isMG jI dy iKlwP jµg CyV idMdI hY qW gurU swihb
duAwby ivcoN is`KW dI mµg krdy hn ik auh Aw ky AkwlI POj ivc BrqI hox,
qW duAwby dy ipµf Bwgovwl dw iek AnwQ b`cw sµq isµG, ijs dw pwln poSx
iek guris`K BweI jvµd isµG ny kIqw sI, auh gurU swihb dI POj ivc BrqI
ho jWdw hY Aqy auh gurU swihb dy nwl iml ky duSmx dy nwl jµg lVdw hY[
jd sµq isµG Anµdpur qoN vwps AwauNdw hY qW Bwgovwl dw iek Abdu`lw nW dw
muslmwn pUnI nW dI kuVI nwl zbrdsqI ivAwh krnw cwhuµdw hY[ sµq isµG
aus ƒ Aqy aus dy swQIAW ƒ mwr idµdw hY ikauNik auh ipµf dy lokW qy bhuq
zulm krdy sn[ ies pRkwr Awp ny khwxIAW rwhIN is`KI dy AwdrSW ƒ pyS
krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[
139
ivAwiKAw dw ieiqhwisk p`K
kvISr swihb ny 1913 eI. ivc id`lI srkwr duAwrw gurduAwrw rkwb
gµj dI kµD Fwhy jwx qy sB qoN pihlW ies g`l dw ivroD kIqw Aqy srkwr
ivru`D sµgrwm CyV id`qw[ Awp ny iek ShIdI jQw iqAwr kIqw, ijs dy AwgU
kvISr jI Awp hI sn[ ies jQy ny id`lI phuµc ky gurduAwry dI kµD dw
inrmwx krnw sI[ pr srkwr ny ies jQy dy id`lI phuµcx qoN pihlW hI
gurduAwry dI kµD dw inrmwx krvw id`qw[ kvISr ny ies sMbµDI iek lyK
‘gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dw Jmylw’ iliKAw, ijs ivc Awp ny pihlW gurduAwrw
rkwb gµj Aqy gurduAwrw sIs gµj dw sµKyp ieiqhws id`qw hY[ gurU qyg
bhwdr swihb ihMdU Drm dI r`iKAw Kwqr AOrµgzyb dy hukm nwl ShId kIqy
gey qW aunHW dw sIs Aqy piv`qr dyh cWdnI cONk ivc koqvwlI dy swhmxy pey
rhy[ zulm dy A`gy iksy dw hONslw nw ipAw ik siqgurW dy srIr dw koeI
sskwr kr sky[ iek jwn qy Kyfx vwly rµGryty guris`K ny siqgurW dy sIs ƒ
qW dsm pwqSwh q`k Anµdpur swihb q`k phuµcwieAw Aqy AwpxI bhwdrI
kwrn ‘gurU ky bytVy’ dw iKqwb hwsl kIqw[ iek hor is`K ny ijhVw rkwb
gµj rihMdw sI, hnyry ivc siqgurW dI dyh g`fy qy r`K ky rkwb gµj lY igAw
Aqy Awpxy Gr smyq gurU swihb dI dyh dw sskwr kr id`qw[
kvISr ny ies lyK ivc d`isAw hY ik jd dsvyN pwqSwh bhwdur Swh
ƒ imly qW ienHW dovW QwvW qy Coty-Coty gurduAwry bxw id`qy gey Aqy mwqw
140
suµdrI jI dy hukm Anuswr BweI mnI isMG ienHW sQwnW dI syvw krdy rhy[
pr PruKSIAr dy Swsn kwl ivc muslmwnW ny ienHW dovW QWvW qy kbzw kr
ilAw Aqy gurduAwirAW dI QW zbrdsqI msIqW bxw id`qIAW[
ies lyK ivc A`gy kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik Swh Awlm dy Swsn kwl
ivc jd is`KW dw jQw aus dI mdd leI id`lI igAw qW srdwr bGyl isµG ny
ies QW dI mµg kIqI Aqy rwjy dI Adwlq ivc kys drj krvwieAw[rwjy ny
nIhW putvw ky vyiKAw, gurduAwry dy inSwn iml gey, bwdSwh dI Adwlq ny
PYslw is`KW dy h`k ivc kr id`qw Aqy is`KW ny syvw nwl iPr gurduAwry dw
inrmwx kr id`qw[
kvISr ny pihlw ShIdI jQw iqAwr krky ies piv`qr ieiqhwisk QW
qy srkwr duAwrw kIqy jw rhy kbzy dw ivroD kIqw Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr
lihr dI nINh r`KI[ ijs ny A`gy jw ky kukrmI mhµqW dy pµjy ivcoN Anyk
Dwrimk sQwnW ƒ Azwd krvwieAw[ ies qoN bwAd AkwlI lihr c`l peI,
ijs ny keI morcy lwey Aqy gurDwmW ivcly pRbµD ƒ TIk krn dw bIVw
cu`ikAw[
20 PrvrI, 1921 eI. ƒ nnkwxw swihb dw ShIdI swkw vwpirAw[
kvISr jI ny ies ShIdI swky sbµDI lyK61 ilKy, jo ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr ivc 14
qoN 20 mwrc q`k Cpdy rhy[ bwAd ivc Akwl eyjµsI ny ies ƒ pusqk rUp
ivc CwipAw[ kvISr ny ies ivc AµgryzI rwj sQwipq hox qoN pihlW
141
gurduAwirAW dy pRbµD dw izkr kridAW hoieAW d`isAw ik AµgryzW dy rwj
qoN pihlW gurduAwry dw pRbµD sµgq krdI sI, jd koeI pujwrI jW mhµq KrwbI
krdw sI qW aus ƒ bdl dyx dw pUrw h`k sµgq pws huµdw sI[ sµgq hI
syvwdwr Aqy pujwrI muk`rr krdI sI[
kvISr ny iesy sMbµD ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kwl dI Gtnw dw
izkr kIqw hY ik jd sRI drbwr swihb ivc audwsI mhµqW ny kuJ glq kµm
kIqw qW sµgq ny aunHW ƒ drbwr swihb dI syvw qoN htw id`qw Aqy au~Qy BweI
cµcl isµG Aqy dUjy pqvµqy isMGW ƒ syvw leI muk`rr kIqw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG BwvyN nvyN syvwdwr dy h`k ivc nhIN sn pr aus ny iPr vI sµgq dy PYsly
ƒ h`Q joVky kbUl kIqw[
kvISr ny ies ivc d`isAw hY ik AµgryzW dy iek nvyN bxy kwƒn dy
qihq ieh mhµq gurduAwirAW dy mwlk bx gey Aqy sµgq dw inrwdr krn
l`g pey Aqy iek idn Aijhw AwieAw ik ieh sµgq dy kwiql bx gey[
Awp ny ieh vI aujwgr kIqw ik ies ip`Cy srkwr dw pUrw h`Q sI, srkwr
dI mdd qoN ibnW mhµq eyfw v`fw kukrm nhIN sI kr skdw[
srdUl isMG kvISr ny AkwlI lihrW ƒ Third Sikh War dw nW id`qw
hY, is`KW dI ieh lVweI mhµqW Aqy AMgryzI srkwr dy ivru`D sI[ ies ivc
sB qoN pihlW isAwlkot Aqy sRI AµimRqsr swihb dy gurduAwry mhµqW qoN
Azwd krvwey gey[ ies ivc srkwr ƒ ip`Cy htxw ipAw, pihlW qW srkwr
142
ny SkqI nwl is`KW ƒ dbwaux dI koiSS kIqI, pr is`K SkqI nwl dbwey
nhIN jw sky Aqy gurduAwry ƒ mhµqW qoN Azwd krvwieAw[ ies ieiqhwsk
lyK ivc kvISr jI ny d`isAw hY ik AµimRqsr, qrnqwrn Aqy nnkwxw
swihb dy mhµqW ny AkwlIAW ivru`D ihµsk kwrvweIAW kIqIAW jdik AkwlI
AihMsk Fµg nwl gurduAwry Azwd krvwaux dy h`k ivc sn[
aunHW AkwlI moricAW ivc Bwg lYx vwly is`KW dI igxqI 33000 d`sI
hY Aqy 500 isMGW dy krIb ShId hoey, pr Awp dw mµnxw hY ik ienHW dI
igxqI ies qoN vI v`D sI[ ies smyN dOrwn is`KW aupr 15 l`K rupey qoN v`D
zuurmwnw kIqw igAw[ kvISr jI ny A`gy d`isAw ik ies lihr ivc b`icAW
Aqy AOrqW ny vI Bwg ilAw, Awp ny ies sMbµD ivc iek 9 swlw lVky dI
imswl id`qI, ijs ƒ ikrpwn vwly kys ivc jlµDr qoN PiVAw igAw sI, “A
young boy, Nine years old of Jullundhar was arrested on the ground
that he carried the Kirpan in the hand ...., The was challaned and
put before a magistrate. The magistrate ordered that either the boy
should pay rupees fifty as fine or go to jail for one month. The
boy's father wanted to pay the fine, but the boy refused. "If you pay
money for the fine, I am no longer your son. I shall never go home
with you." The father was obliged to without the fine.The boy went
143
to the jail triumpantly and remained there for the full term of
imprisonment.@62
iesy pRkwr Awp ny jYqo dy morcy ivc iek bzurg duAwrw ies morcy
ivc Bwg lYx Aqy gurU dy snmuK kIqI Ardws ƒ pUrw krn dI Gtnw ƒ iesy
lyK ivc ibAwn kIqw hY, “An old man accompanied the Shahidi
Jatha to Jaito. On the way the man fell ill and was left behind on
the road in charge of men of the locality. The man was dying and
the people tried to take him to the village nearby. "No, I cannnot
leave the road. I have vowed to the Guru not to turn my face from
the field of battle, I must reach Jaito or die." And the man died on
the road, His last words were , "Have we reached Jaito?"@63
ies pRkwr kvISr ny vIhvIN sdI dy pihly do dhwikAW ivc AkwlI
moricAW ivc Bwg lYx vwly is`KW dw is`K gurDwmW pRqI pRym, gurU qy Brosw,
ivSvws, bhwdrI Aqy kurbwnI sMbµDI GtnwvW ƒ Awpxy ienHW lyKW ivc pyS
kIqw hY[ aunHW dw ieh Xqn ShId hoey is`KW ƒ s`cI-su`cI SrDWjlI hovygI,
ikauNik iksy kOm dy ShId hI aus kOm dI Swn Aqy gOrv ƒ au~cw cu`kx ivc
shwiek huµdy hn[
144
bwxI dw AµgryzI Anuvwd
kvISr jI ny sRI gurU gRµQ swihb jI ivc drj do bwxIAW dw AµgryzI BwSw
ivc Anuvwd vI kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN iek sRI gurU Arjn dyv jI duAwrw mwJ
rwg ivc aucwrn kIqw bwrhmwhw hY, ijs dIAW ku`l 14 pauVIAW hn[ pihlI
pauVI mµgl rUp ivc hY Aqy 14vIN pauVI ivc q`q inrUpx kIqw igAw hY[
nmUny dy p`K qoN ieQy AsIN cyiq mhIny vwlI pauVI dw Anuvwd dy rhy hW[ bwxI
dw mUl pwT hY:
cyiq goivMdu ArwDIAY hovY Anµdu Gxw]
sµq jnw imil pweIAY rsnw nwmu Bxw]
ijin pwieAw pRBu Awpxw Awey iqsih gxw]
ieku iKnu iqsu ibnu jIvxw ibrQw jnmu jxw]
jil Qil mhIAil pUirAw rivAw ivic vxw]
so pRBu iciq n AwveI ikqVw duKu gxw]
ijnI rwivAw so pRBU iqMnw Bwgu mxw]
hir drsn kau mnu locdw nwnk ipAws mnw]
cyiq imlwey so pRBU iqs kY pwie lgw]ò]64
AµgryzI Anuvwd :
Worship God in Chait; rejoice
with all thine heart's content;
Men reach Him throught the saintly souls
whose hearts on Him are bent.
Those who meet the master, they
145
come out with gain and glory;
Those who lose Him for a while
Their life is sad and sorry.
On sea, on land,below, above;
The Lord is everywhere
Great pain would feel the lonely heart
The Lord if be not there.
Fortunate are those with whom
The Master doth abide;
My heart doth burn with this desire
That He might be my guide.
My thirst for Him is measureless;
Tis growing great and great;
I touch thy feet, O saints! Take me
To my Kind Lord, In Chait.65
iesy pRkwr Awp ny sRI gurU Amrdws jI duAwrw rwmklI rwg ivc
aucwrn kIqI bwxI ‘Anµd swihb’ dw vI AµgryzI BwSw ivc Anuvwd kIqw hY[
ieh Anuvwd nwloN ivAwiKAw dy vDIk nyVy hY[ ieQy AsIN bwxI dy mUl pwT
Aqy aus dy AµgryzI ivc Anuvwd dI iek pauVI imswl vjoN dy rhy hW[ bwxI
dw mUl pwT hY:
Andu suxhu vfBwgIho sgl mnorQ pUry]
pwrbRhmu pRBu pwieAw auqry sgl ivsUry]
dUK rog sµqwp auqry suxI scI bwxI]
sµq swjn Bey srsy pUry gur qy jwxI]
146
suxqy punIq khqy pivqu siqguru rihAw BrpUry]
ibnvµiq nwnku gur crx lwgy vwjy Anhd qUry]40]66
AµgryzI Anuvwd :
The joyful tidings come from high,
O blessed Ones, your wish you gain,
The Lord of heavens have you met,
No ills or sorrows shall remain.
All sins and vices fly away
When Learns the heart the Word divine;
The men of God and all their friends,
Are filled with joy, no more they pine.
Who hear and sings His praise are blessed,
The Lord gives them all what wish they;
And those who humbly love the Lord,
For them His trumpets ever play67
ies qrHW srdUl isMG kvISr ny The Sikh Studies, Of Sikhism,
is`K Drm drSn pusqkW rwhIN is`KI isDWqW ƒ is`K jgq q`k phuµcwaux dw
SlwGw Xog Xqn kIqw[ Awp ny is`K Drm drSn pusqk nwl qulnwqimk
ivAwiKAw dI nvIN iprq pweI, ijs dw A`gy c`l ky keI hor ivAwiKAwkwrW
ny Anusrx kIqw[ ies dy nwl-nwl kvISr ny AwpxIAW swihqk rcnwvW
rwhIN vI gurbwxI dy isDWqW Aqy AwdrSW ƒ pyS krn dw jo Fµg vriqAw,
147
auh vI iek nvW auprwlw sI[ kvISr jI ny swihqk rcnwvW ivc gurbwxI
Aqy gurU swihbwn dy jIvn ieiqhws ƒ AwDwr bxwieAw hY[
gurmiq dy rµg ivc rµgy hoey ivdvwn ilKwrI srdUl isMG kvISr jI
ny gurbwxI aupdyS nwl lbryz rcnwvW is`K ivAwiKAw swihq dI JolI ivc
pweIAW[ aunHW duAwrw kIqI gurbwxI Aqy is`K AwdrSW dI ivAwiKAw A`j vI
auqnI hI swrQk jwpdI hY, ijqnI ik iqMn cOQweI sdI pihlW sI[ kvISr
jI dw jIvn Aqy is`KI ivAwiKAw nwl sMbµiDq swihq Awaux vwly simAW
ivc vI sµgq Aqy kOm dy rwh dsyry dw kµm krygw[
148
hvwly Aqy it`pxIAW
1 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 1. 2 drSn isµG, BweI gurdws : is`KI dy pihly ivAwiKAwkwr, pµnw 94. 3 auhI, pµny 97-98. 4 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 52. 5 auhI, pµnw 93. 6 auhI, pµnw 94. 7 auhI, pµnw 120. 8 auhI, pµnw 139. 9 kwnH isµG nwBw, gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS, pµnw 244. 10 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 295. 11 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn (sµpw. vzIr isµG), pµnw muKbµD. 12 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Of Sikhism, (Ed. Col, Harjinder Singh), p. Introduction. 13 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pMnw pRsqwvnw. 14 auhI. 15 (1) inrgux- srgux,
(2) Aprµpwr prm q`q,
(3) AlK krqwr,
(4) inrµkwr dI hsqI,
(5) id`b idRStI
(6) srb-ivAwpk
(7) eISvrI gux
(8) Akwl purK dy ivDwnk gux
(9) prmwqmw pyRm rs
(10) Akwl purK dy Anyk nwm
(11) AwsqkW Aqy srb-bRhmvwdIAW dy ivcwr
(12) sUPI m`q Aqy is`K mq 16 auhI, pMnw 3.
149
17 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Of Sikhism, (Ed. Col, Harjinder Singh), p. 5. 18 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 6. 19 auhI, pMnw 51. 20 auhI, pMnw 54
21 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, Awsw m. 5, pµnw 387. 22 auhI, bwvn A`KrI, m. 5, pµnw 250. 23 auhI, gauVI, m. 5, pµnw 283. 24(1) sMswr- rcnw
(2) sMswr-lIlHw
(3) mwieAw
(4) kudrq dy inXm
(5) pRikrqI qy siq
(6) dyS qy kwl
(7) sMswr qy is`K m`q
(8) is``K-PlsPw 25 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 100. 26 auhI, pMny 102-103. 27 auhI, pMnw 100. 28 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mlwr, m. 3, pµnw 1258. 29 auhI, soriT, m. 3, pµnw 643. 30 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 113. 31 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, sUhI, m.5, pµnw 736. 32 auhI, sorT, kbIr, pµnw 655. 33 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 165. 34 auhI, pµnw 166. 35 (1) prmwqmw dw Aks
(2) haumYN
(3) Awqmw qy mn
(4) Awqmw bwry kuJ ivcwr
150
(5) purS qy mwieAw
(6) mnu`KI jIvn dw pRXojn
(7) haumYN mwrnw
(8) rzw qy Bwxw
(9) sYÍ-igAwn 36 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 169. 37 auhI, pMnw 172. 38 auhI, pMnw 219. 39 (1) prmwqm-pyRm
(2) BgqI-mwrg
(3) prmwqmw nwl ABydqw
(4) krqwr dI imhr- ‘ndir krm’
(5) ivsmwd AvsQw
(6) Awqm pRkwS
(7) Awqm AwnMd
(8) suBwvk qy Afol ABydqw
(9) vYrwg
(10) mukq pd
(11) sMinAws qy Xog 40 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 274. 41 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwrU, m. 5, pµnw 1003. 42 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 131. 43 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, isrI rwg, m. 3, pµnw 68. 44 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 136. 45 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, goNf, kbIr, pµnw 870. 46 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 135. 47 auhI, pµnw 140. 48 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, gauVI, m. 5, pµnw 176. 49 auhI, Awsw, kbIr, pµnw 479.
151
50 auhI, Awsw, m. 1, pµnw 472. 51 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 29. 52 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwrU, m. 1, pµnw 1033. 53 srdUl isµG kvISr,is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 38. 54 auhI, pµnw 90. 55 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, isrI rwg, m. 1, pµnw 73. 56 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 106. 57 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, slok, m. 1, pµnw 1411. 58 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 169. 59 auhI, pµnw 272. 60 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwJ, m. 3, pµnw 119. 61 ienHW lyKW ivcoN 14 mwrc Aqy 19 mwrc vwly lyK fw.gµfw isµG rYPrYNs lwiebryrI ivc
auplbD hn[
62 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, The Sikh Studies, p. 200. 63 auhI, pµnw 202. 64 sRI gurU gRµQ sihb, mwJ, m. 5, pµnw 133. 65 Sardul Singh Caveesher, The Sikh Studies, p. 306. 66 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, rwmklI, m: 3, pµnw 922
67 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, The Sikh Studies, pp. 300-301.