guided us procedures.ppt us...paracentesis thoracentesis ... post‐surgical collections lymphocelle...

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7/11/2011 1 Ultrasound Guided Ultrasound Guided Procedures Procedures Andrej Lyshchik, M.D., Ph.D. Interventional Radiology Fellow Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN Background Background Technique and instrumentation Technique and instrumentation Outline Outline Clinical applications Clinical applications Future Future developements developements Sagittal image Sagittal image of normal liver of normal liver Sagittal image Sagittal image of two liver metastasis of two liver metastasis Ultrasonically Ultrasonicallycontrolled controlled fine fineneedle needle aspiration is aspiration is more more h h l h h l accurate than the usual accurate than the usual blind procedure in the blind procedure in the diagnosis of liver diagnosis of liver metastases. metastases. Biopsy Biopsy Fluid aspiration & drainage Fluid aspiration & drainage Vascular access Vascular access Current clinical applications Current clinical applications Vascular access Vascular access Image guided treatments Image guided treatments MSK applications MSK applications Sonohysterography

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7/11/2011

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Ultrasound Guided Ultrasound Guided ProceduresProcedures

Andrej Lyshchik, M.D., Ph.D.Interventional Radiology Fellow

Department of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, TN

BackgroundBackground

Technique and instrumentationTechnique and instrumentation

OutlineOutline

qq

Clinical applicationsClinical applications

Future Future developementsdevelopements

Sagittal image Sagittal image of normal liver of normal liver 

Sagittal image Sagittal image of two liver metastasisof two liver metastasis

UltrasonicallyUltrasonically‐‐controlled controlled finefine‐‐needle needle aspiration is aspiration is more more 

h h lh h laccurate than the usual accurate than the usual blind procedure in the blind procedure in the diagnosis of liver diagnosis of liver metastases.metastases.

BiopsyBiopsy

Fluid aspiration & drainageFluid aspiration & drainage

Vascular accessVascular access

Current clinical applicationsCurrent clinical applications

Vascular accessVascular access

Image guided treatmentsImage guided treatments

MSK applicationsMSK applications

Sonohysterography

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Focal nodules or masses anywhereFocal nodules or masses anywhere

Elevated LFT’sElevated LFT’s

Medical renal diseaseMedical renal disease

Biopsy Biopsy ‐‐ IndicationsIndications

Medical renal diseaseMedical renal disease

Transplant evaluationTransplant evaluation

LymphadenopathyLymphadenopathy

In spite of the dramatic improvement in In spite of the dramatic improvement in tumoraltumoraldiagnosis, diagnosis, percutaneouspercutaneous biopsy continues to be widely biopsy continues to be widely used in oncology.used in oncology.

Biopsy Biopsy ‐‐ IndicationsIndications

In patients with cancer detailed information on the In patients with cancer detailed information on the tumor molecular composition is important to support tumor molecular composition is important to support correct selection of an appropriate treatment.correct selection of an appropriate treatment.

The performance of the biopsy is limited by several The performance of the biopsy is limited by several factors, among which tumor characteristics such as factors, among which tumor characteristics such as tumor type, size and location.tumor type, size and location.

A physical examination should be done before the A physical examination should be done before the procedureprocedure

The preThe pre biopsy coagulation status should be knownbiopsy coagulation status should be known

Biopsy Biopsy ‐‐ TechniqueTechnique

The preThe pre‐‐biopsy coagulation status should be known.biopsy coagulation status should be known.

PT / PTTPT / PTT

PLTPLT

Local anesthesia / conscious sedation is indicatedLocal anesthesia / conscious sedation is indicated

Sterile fieldSterile field

Biopsy guide or free handBiopsy guide or free hand

22G to 25G for fine22G to 25G for fine‐‐needle aspiratesneedle aspirates

Biopsy Biopsy ‐‐ TechniqueTechnique

14G to 21G core biopsy needles14G to 21G core biopsy needles

Shortest distance/safest pathwayShortest distance/safest pathway

Keep needle in plane of beamKeep needle in plane of beam

Always keep needle in the same plane Always keep needle in the same plane as the beamas the beam

Entry point and angle for a superficial lesion:  Entry point and angle for a superficial lesion:  Aim needle more parallel to the skin Aim needle more parallel to the skin 

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Entry point and angle for a superficial lesion:  Entry point and angle for a superficial lesion:  Aim needle more parallel to the skin Aim needle more parallel to the skin 

BiopsyBiopsyBiopsyBiopsy

Entry point and angle for a deep lesion:  Entry point and angle for a deep lesion:  Aim needle more perpendicular to the skin Aim needle more perpendicular to the skin 

Entry point and angle for a deep lesion:  Entry point and angle for a deep lesion:  Aim needle more perpendicular to the skinAim needle more perpendicular to the skin

BiopsyBiopsyBiopsyBiopsy

Targeting of the needle in the vascular, Targeting of the needle in the vascular, viable areas of several tumorsviable areas of several tumors

Avoiding necrotic / avascular areas in largerAvoiding necrotic / avascular areas in larger

CEUS assisted biopsyCEUS assisted biopsy

Avoiding necrotic / avascular areas in larger Avoiding necrotic / avascular areas in larger tumors or in those with frequent necrosis; tumors or in those with frequent necrosis; 

Targeting of otherwise invisible lesions or Targeting of otherwise invisible lesions or those hardly visible (small nodules of HCC those hardly visible (small nodules of HCC on cirrhosis, adenocarcinoma’s areas in the on cirrhosis, adenocarcinoma’s areas in the prostate)prostate)

CEUS assisted biopsyCEUS assisted biopsy

Spârchez et al. Medical Ultrasonography, 2010

ParacentesisParacentesis

ThoracentesisThoracentesis

Abscess drainageAbscess drainage

Image guided drainageImage guided drainage

Abscess drainageAbscess drainage

PostPost‐‐surgical collectionssurgical collections

Lymphocelle treatmentLymphocelle treatment

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ParacentesisParacentesis ‐‐ IndicationsIndications

Symptomatic Symptomatic ascitesascites abdominal distensionabdominal distension

abdominal discomfortabdominal discomfort

h f b hh f b h shortness of breathshortness of breath

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitisSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Asymptomatic Asymptomatic ascitesascites of unknown of unknown etiologyetiology

Shortness of breathShortness of breath

Question of infectionQuestion of infection

Asymptomatic effusion of unknownAsymptomatic effusion of unknown

ThoracentesisThoracentesis ‐‐ IndicationsIndications

Asymptomatic effusion of unknown Asymptomatic effusion of unknown etiologyetiology

Recurrent effusionsRecurrent effusions

TechniqueTechnique TechniqueTechnique

TechniqueTechnique ImagingImaging

Amount of Amount of ascitisascitis

Fluid compositionFluid composition

Presence of locationsPresence of locationsPresence of locationsPresence of locations

Adjacent organsAdjacent organs

VacularVacular structuresstructures

Inferior Inferior epigastricepigastric vesselsvessels

IntercostalIntercostal vesselsvessels

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Inferior Inferior epigastricepigastric arteryartery Inferior Inferior epigastricepigastric arteryartery

Inferior Inferior epigastricepigastric arteryartery

Teodori et al. MMCTC 2006

Inferior Inferior epigastricepigastric arteryartery

PercutaneousPercutaneous DrainageDrainage

Before During

After

PercutaneousPercutaneous DrainageDrainage

Before During

After

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Entry for IV therapyEntry for IV therapy

Entry for diagnostic purposesEntry for diagnostic purposes

Vascular accessVascular access

Entry for diagnostic purposesEntry for diagnostic purposes

Entry for endovascular proceduresEntry for endovascular procedures

ComplicationsComplications

McGee et al. NEJM 2003

Overall success:  100% vs. 88.1%Overall success:  100% vs. 88.1%

First attempt success: 78% vs 38%First attempt success: 78% vs 38%

US vs. blind stickUS vs. blind stick

First attempt success:  78% vs. 38%First attempt success:  78% vs. 38%

Skin to vein time:  9.8 sec vs. 44.5 secSkin to vein time:  9.8 sec vs. 44.5 sec

Carotid puncture:  1.7% vs. 8.3%Carotid puncture:  1.7% vs. 8.3%

Denys et al. Circulation 1993

Vascular accessVascular access

Radiofrequency

Liquid nitrogen (cryoablation)

ImageImage‐‐guided Treatmentsguided Treatments

Liquid nitrogen (cryoablation)

Microwave

Laser

RadioRadio‐‐frequency ablationfrequency ablation

http://www.radiologyinfo.org

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RadioRadio‐‐frequency ablationfrequency ablation

Illustration courtesy of Gerald D. Dodd II, MD, University of Colorado

RadioRadio‐‐frequency ablationfrequency ablation

http://www.radiologyinfo.org

RFA vs. SurgeryRFA vs. Surgery

Kudo, Oncology 2010

CEUS assisted liver RFACEUS assisted liver RFA

Gallotti A. Radiol Med. 2009

Before treatmentBefore treatment

CEUS assisted liver RFACEUS assisted liver RFA

Gallotti A. Radiol Med. 2009

After treatmentAfter treatment

CEUS assisted liver RFACEUS assisted liver RFA

P. Ricci et al. Ultraschall in Med 2009

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Injections Injections AnalgeticsAnalgetics

SteroidsSteroids

MSK applicationsMSK applications

Stem cellsStem cells

ElectrocoagulationElectrocoagulation / / CryotherapyCryotherapy

Joint aspirationJoint aspiration

SuralSural nerve blocknerve block

Tagliafico A, Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2010

Stump Stump neuromaneuroma treatmenttreatment

Tagliafico A, Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2010

Hip aspirationHip aspiration

Freeman et al. AJEM 2007

MultiplanarMultiplanar ImagingImaging

Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion

New imaging technologyNew imaging technology

Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion

Needle trackingNeedle tracking

3D Imaging3D Imaging

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MultiplanarMultiplanar imagingimaging MultiplanarMultiplanar imagingimaging

Fusion ImagingFusion Imaging Needle trackingNeedle tracking

Interventional Interventional sonographysonography is an evolving is an evolving and rapidly developing technology. and rapidly developing technology. 

ConclusionConclusion

It provides unique advantages of high It provides unique advantages of high resolution, real time guidance, lower cost. resolution, real time guidance, lower cost. Thus, making it ideal guiding method in Thus, making it ideal guiding method in variety of interventional applications.variety of interventional applications.

Thank you!Thank you!