Guided Reading

Guided Reading:

• Firearms • Factories • Christopher Columbus• Asientos• Charles I • Royal African

Company • Tobacco, Cotton,

Sugar Cane• Le Jeunne • Loyalist

• Slave Coffles (Fig. 3.10) • Gorees • Elmina Castle, Ghana • Middle Passage • Industrial revolution • The Zong • Abolitionist • La Amistad & Sengbe

Pieh• Creole• Dutch = New York

(New Amsterdam)• Questions Pg 84, 1-3

Firearms

– Use of firearms in the trade made inequality between African enemies.

Factories

– Trading posts where slaves were stored before sent on the Middle Passage to North America.

Christopher Columbus

• Claimed Caribbean island Haiti for Spain.

• His presence was disastrous for indigenous people.

Asientos

Contracts issued by non-Spanish merchants and financiers by King Charles I of Spain.

Charles I - Responsible for creating

the first Spanish license that gave Spain a monopoly of the slave trade.

Royal African Company

– British slave company, averaging 5000 Africans a year to British colonies.

Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane

– Raw materials taken as cargo, and grown in the Americas and Caribbean in exchange for slaves in the Triangular Trade.

Loyalist

- People who remained loyal to Britain following the American Declaration of Independence in 1887 and who migrated from the United states to British North America.

Slave Coffles (Fig. 3.10)

– Captives chained together, women and children were roped together with strips of rawhide.

Gorees

Men were forced to wear wooden restraints called gorees around their necks.

The back of the neck was thrust into the fork-shaped stick. The two prongs of the fork were fastened together by a bar beneath the chin. This was to restrict the man’s movement, making escape impossible.

Elmina Castle, Ghana

– Trading factory, where slaves were stationed before the middle passage journey.

Middle Passage

– Long journey of kidnapped African peoples across the Atlantic ocean from Africa to the Caribbean and the Americas.

Industrial revolution

– Transformation of society from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy characterized by manufacturing, beginning in Britain in the mid-19th century.

The Zong

– Slave ship carrying 417 Africans, which threw 132 overboard when faced with economic loss due to disease. Insurance controversy went to court and led to the courts decision claiming slaves were not cargo, but were people.

Abolitionist

– A person who favours banning a practice or institution, in this case, of slavery.

La Amistad

– A slave ship carrying 53 kidnapped Africans, which broke free and took control of the chip, killing the captain and his cook. Sailed to the United States. A 1841 court course declared they were free man

Creole

- Mutiny on a ship with at least 135 Africans.

NotesThe Dutch were the first to import Africans to North America to the colony of New Amsterdam (New York)

• What European power transported the most enslaved Africans? Portugal

• What European power transported the fewest enslaved Africans? Dutch

• Peca de India was a unit of value used in the 17th century as a measure of enslaved persons worth. What group was worth the most Peca de India? Be specific with gender and ages!

• Gender = Males Between the ages of 15 and 25

REVIEW AND

REFLECT (page

84)

1. What motivated African rulers to take part in the trade in African peoples?

• By trading their people or those they captured they received firearms, which gave them an advantage over their enemies.

• Europeans took advantage of these rivalries. • They persuaded kings and chiefs to trade

Africans for firearms by claiming that other chiefs and kings were doing this with traders from other European countries, so if they did not join in, their enemies would gain the upper hand.

2. What were the connections between the trade in African peoples and British North America?

• British North America played an economic role in the trade of Africans.

• Newfoundland sailors carried boatloads of salted cod to islands like Jamaica, where they traded the fish for rum.

• British North America supplied vast amounts of timber, which was used to build ships that the British used to transport African peoples across the Atlantic.

3. Look back to Figure 3.8. What do you think would have been the purpose of having enslaved Africans punish one another?

• Having enslaved Africans punish one another demonstrated to other captives that the Europeans held the ultimate control because they had the power to turn the captives against one another.

• The Europeans used these types of psychological strategies to break the will of the Africans and to destroy any sense of unity.

• Having one African beat another was one way of ensuring disharmony and creating rivalries the Europeans could exploit.