5/18/2023Guide to FY2020 Research Funding at the

Department of Defense (DOD)Contact: James Murday, DC Office of Research Advancement

202 824 5863, Murday@usc.edu

Summary and IndexThis document provides insights into the various DOD funding agency opportunities for University (with bias toward USC competencies) basic research (6.1) and for some applied research (6.2) efforts. Special attention is given to changes anticipated in FY2020. There are supplementary Mission Agency Program Summary (MAPS) charts cited in the text; they are available from Res. Adv.

DOD funds research that is relevant to its mission, predominantly drawing on engineering, computer/information science, and physical sciences, but there is also attention to social sciences.

Descriptive of Selected DOD basic research funding opportunities pages 2-12Brief descriptions of the DOD agencies and funding mechanisms pertinent to Universities 2- 8Resources for additional basic research information: 9Table 1: FY17/18 DOD basic and applied research funding at Universities (~$1.8B/yr) 10Table 2: DOD 2020 Basic Research Budget funding pertinent to Universities (~$1.5B) 11Table 3: DOD Basic Research Budget Evolution – FY2018 to FY2020 12

Descriptive of Selected DOD applied research funding opportunities pages 13-21Brief descriptions of the DOD agencies and funding mechanisms pertinent to Universities 13-17Table 4: DOD Applied Research Budget Evolution – FY2018 to FY2020 18Table 5: DOD S&T Communities of Interest 19Table 6: Service Research Laboratories/Centers/Institutes 20-21

Appendix 1: FY2020 Significant Changes, Basic Research Program pages 22-25 $M growth from FY19 page(s)

Air ForcePhysics and Electronics 42 to 43 22ArmyLife Sciences 6 to 13 22Chemical Sciences 14 to 17 22Materials 9 to 13 23Network Sciences 12 to 14 23Ocean Sciences 76 to 82 23NavyScience Addressing Hybrid Threats 24 to 26 23Human Systems 16 to 19 23Mathematics, Computer and Information Sciences 46 to 62 24Science and Engineering Education 44 to 49 24Weapons 19 to 20 24DARPAFoundational Artificial Intelligence (AI) Science 0 to 17 24Human-Machine Symbiosis (HMS) 0 to 13 25Alternative Computing 0 to 10 25Native Bioelectronic Interfaces 0 to 10 25Native Bioelectronic Interfaces 0 to 10 25

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5/18/2023Improved Interventions 0 to 14 25DTRABasic Research Countering WMD (initiating University Partnerships) 37 to 26 25

Appendix 2: FY2020 Selected Applied Programs with Significant Change pages 26 - 33 $M growth from FY19 page(s)

Air ForceCeramics and Composites 28 to 30 26Structural Concepts 8 to 13 26On-Orbit Propulsion Technologies 14 to 16 26Cyber Offense Technologies 11 to 17 26Space Environment Research 15 to 21 26ArmyBig Data Storage Techniques 0 to 3 26Virtual Prototyping 0 to 5 26NavyApplied Information Science for Decision Making 22 to 35 26Advanced Naval Materials 11 to 15 27Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyImproved Personnel Placement (IPP) 0 to 17 27Automated Knowledge Acquisition (AKA) 0 to 2 27Accelerating Artificial Intelligence (AAI) 0 to 24 27Knowledge-directed AI Reasoning Over Schemas (KAIROS) 0 to 15 27Rapunzel 0 to 10 27Highly-Networked Dissemination of Relevant Data (3HNDRED) 0 to 10 28Small Unit Lethality 0 to 6 28Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE) 0 to 13 28CounterSwarmAI 0 to 5 28Expanding Human Resiliency 0 to 13 28Intelligent Spectroscopic & Temporal Fusion (INSPECT) 0 to 12 28Instinctual RF 0 to 11 28Chemical Biological ProgramThreat Agent Sciences 4 to 13 29Bacterial Therapeutics 11 to 16 29

Appendix 3: Illustration of a program officer data sheet on the USC MAPS website 30

Appendix 4: Acronym Glossary Agency Specific 31-33General 33-35

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5/18/2023OverviewSince DOD relies heavily on technological advantage, contributions from research, development and engineering must be marshaled to meet tomorrow's defense challenges. DOD funds research and development (R&D) that is relevant to its mission, predominantly drawing on engineering, computer/information science, and physical sciences. However, DOD also funds some social science, life science, and medical research.

The DOD has many different funding organizations that engage in Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E), each with its own foci and idiosyncrasies. Information on the RDT&E budgets can be found in the annual DOD R-1 Document that summarizes the budget at a high level, and the R-2 documents (Research and Development Descriptive Summaries) that address each agency budget in more detail. (https://comptroller.defense.gov/Budget-Materials/)

As part of its investment in R&D, DOD funds basic research (labeled 6.1, or BA1), applied research (6.2, or BA2) and advanced technology development (6.3, or BA3). Taken together, these three budget lines are referred to as the S&T investment. The FY2020 budget request specifically addresses the following “great power competitions”: quantum science, directed energy, microelectronics and hypersonics.

Universities get about 60% of the 6.1, 10% of the 6.2, and 5% of the 6.3 funding. However, the 6.2 and 6.3 funding at Universities includes University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs) and other entities that are structured to handle the greater deadline, security classification, and reporting requirements. For 6.2/6.3 projects, it is not unusual for a University professor to be a collaborator with industry, a university affiliated organization (such as the Information Sciences Institute and the Institute for Creative Technologies at USC), or a DOD laboratory/center.

Basic Research DOD defines basic research as systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and/or observable facts without specific applications toward processes or products in mind. With very few exceptions, the results of basic research will not be classified or restricted and are reported in the open literature.

The DOD Office of Basic Research sometimes sponsors future directions workshops in emerging areas of science/engineering that it perceives as important to the DOD; these workshops are meant to guide research investment. The latest - Intersection of Management Sciences & Information Sciences, and Synthetic Biology for Energy and Power - were in 2018. (https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Programs/Future-Directions-Workshops/)

Funding for basic research is available from several DOD agencies, each having its own particular focus:

Agencies with >$40M basic research monies available to Universities Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR): https://www.wpafb.af.mil/afrl/afosr/

Focus: pilot, aerospace mission (6.1 only) Army Research Office (ARO): https://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?page=29

Focus: soldier, ground force mission (6.1 only) Office of Naval Research (ONR): https://www.onr.navy.mil/

Focus: sailor, marine, ship/sub, ocean mission (6.1 - 6.3) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA): https://www.dtra.mil/

Focus: weapons of mass destruction – detect, protect, defeat (6.1 – 6.3) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA): https://www.darpa.mil/

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5/18/2023 Focus: defense-wide technology innovation (6.1 – 6.3)

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP): https://cdmrp.army.mil/ Focus: medical research topics of interest to a Congress person (6.1 only)

Other Agencies with smaller amounts of basic research monies available to Universities Army Research Inst. for Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI): https://ari.altess.army.mil/

Focus: basic research in behavioral science (6.1 - 6.3) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/

Focus: support of the Engn. Res and Development Center (ERDC) research interests (6.1 - 6.3) Chemical Biological Defense Program (CBDP): https://www.jpeocbd.osd.mil/

Focus: chemical/biological warfare defense (6.1 - 6.3) – managed through DTRA Defense Medical R&D Program (DMDRP): https://cdmrp.army.mil/dmrdp/default

Focus: military specific medical research (6.1 – 6.3) – managed through CDMRP Office Secretary of Defense (OSD): https://www.cto.mil/

Focus: overarching Defense issues (6.1 – 6.3) Naval Postgraduate School (NPS); https://my.nps.edu/web/research/funding-opportunities

Focus: support of NPS core mission in graduate education and research (6.1 - 6.3) U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA); https://www.usafa.edu/research/research-centers/

Focus: Research Interests of the United States Air Force Academy (6.1-6.3)

Single Investigator Efforts - Generic Basic Research AnnouncementsThe majority of university-based DOD basic research funding is invested in single investigator efforts and is advertised through relatively generic Broad Area Announcements (BAAs) from the three services. The funding for these efforts typically ranges between $100-200K/yr for three years; continuation is possible. Approximately 20% of the projects will be turned over annually. Each of the six DARPA offices also has a generic BAA, and can fund single investigator “seedling” efforts which tend to be $300-500K for 12-18 months. DTRA has a Fundamental Research to Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction generic solicitation. NPS, USACE and ARI issue generic solicitations, but usually without significant monies devoted to them. USAFA issues solicitations for specific topics. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 39 to 114.

While peer review is used to differing degrees by the various DOD agencies, the DOD program officers have far greater latitude than do NSF program officers. So it is essential to contact a program officer and explore mutual interests. The DC Office of Research Advancement can assist in identifying appropriate program officers. A white paper is very useful (often required). The program officers don’t want to waste your time writing, nor their own time reading, an inappropriate proposal. Proposals to the long-range BAA programs may be submitted at any time, but late spring is when many tentative decisions are being made for new starts in the coming fiscal year (which starts 1 Oct). There is no standard DOD proposal format; each agency/office has its own requirements.

Young InvestigatorsEach of two services and DARPA have special announcements for young faculty programs (ARO includes young investigator as part of its generic BAA). The eligibility requirements vary. ARO, ONR and AFOSR are within 5/7/7 years of Ph.D. or equivalent degree. DARPA is tenure-track Asst and Assoc Professors. US Citizenship or “green card” status is required by the Services, but not by DARPA. The available funding ranges from $120K/yr (Army) to $250K/yr (DARPA and ONR). Submission deadlines vary. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 133-139; a listing of prior awardees and their research topics is available from the DC office.

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5/18/2023Senior Investigators – Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship (VBFF, was the NSSEFF) https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Programs/Vannevar-Bush-Faculty-Fellowship/This is a special program to support outstanding faculty in topics-of-interest to DOD; it is competed intermittently as funding allows. A Vannevar Bush awardee receives ~$600K/yr for five years. Awardees are generally ~20 years past PhD, have impressive credentials, and address a science/engineering basic research topic of interest to DOD. See LUCI below for information on collaboration with DOD lab personnel. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 140-141; a listing of the prior awardees and their topics is available from the DC office.

Special Research Program AnnouncementsDuring the year, DOD agencies can announce special program opportunities about a specific topic; DARPA, DTRA and CDMRP, in particular, use this approach predominantly. These opportunities range from large, center efforts [e.g., University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs), Collaborative Research Alliances (CRA), and Centers of Excellence (CoE)] to single investigator programs [e.g., DTRA/CDMRP/ONR topic solicitations]. These announcements have specific application due dates.

Laboratory University Collaboration Initiative (LUCI)https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Pilots/Laboratory-University-Collaboration-Initiative/Started in 2016, LUCI is a program that supports collaboration between DoD lab scientists and DoD-funded academics. An important objective of LUCI is to engage leading university scientists and their students, introduce them to the DoD research environment, and facilitate collaborative work that addresses long-term DoD basic research needs.  It can provide three-year basic research collaborations between leading DoD scientists and Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellows and Principal Investigators for Multi-disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) at U.S. universities in fields of critical interest to the defense enterprise.  A listing of prior awardees is available from the DC Office.

Defense Enterprise Science Initiative (DESI)https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Programs/Defense-Enterprise-Science-Initiative/DESI is a pilot program that supports university-industry research collaboration focused on accelerating the impact of basic research on defense capabilities. The goals of DESI are twofold. First, it seeks to foster sustainable university-industry partnerships to identify and apply new discoveries and knowledge on existing capabilities and address technological gaps. DESI also aims to charter a new pathway to accelerate the transfer of basic research to innovative technologies. In the first competition (2018) teams were chosen from five topical areas, and each will receive up to $1.5 million over two years to further fundamental knowledge and understanding in the context of end-use applications.

Multidisciplinary Efforts – Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives (MURIs)https://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Science-Technology/Directorates/office-research-discovery-invention/Sponsored-Research/University-Research-Initiatives/MURI.aspxAs part of DOD’s University Research Initiative budget line, each year the multidisciplinary university research initiative (MURI) program has ~20 topics announced in the March-June time frame each year, with white papers due about 1-2 months after the announcement, and proposals about three months after the white paper. By law these require multidisciplinary teaming efforts; the funding is typically in the $1.2-1.5M/yr range for five years (presuming acceptable performance). Successful proposals have typically engaged 3-5 Universities, but a single University effort can be successful. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 116-119; a listing of prior awardees/topics is available from the DC office.

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5/18/2023Bilateral Academic Research Initiative (BARI)https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Pilots/BARI-Bilateral-Academic-Research-Initiative/BARI is a pilot program in 2019 that aims to support academic teams from the U.S. and U.K. to combine unique skillsets and approaches and provide rapid advances in scientific areas of mutual potential interest to the U.S. DoD and the U.K. MOD. Funding is approximately $5M/yr for three years, with the U.S. participation funded by DOD and the U.K. participation by MOD. BARI’s inaugural year focused on artificial intelligence and collaborative decision-making and sought proposals that build new frameworks for artificial intelligence agents to more truly team with human counterparts.  (Dr. Maryam Shanechi, USC, is the first U.S. awardee.)

University Centers of Excellence (COE)Both the Army and Navy support University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs) that, in addition to basic research, also address applied research and development (see MAPS DOD Chart 132). The Army also has University Centers of Excellence (COE), Collaborative Technology Alliances (CTA), and Collaborative Research Alliances (CRA) that engage Universities (see MAPS DOD Charts 159-160). The Air Force supports University Centers of Excellence (~5yr lifetime) that are associated with specific Air Force Research Laboratory technical directorates. (see MAPS DOD Chart 153)

Human Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling (HSCB)In addition to the programs below, DARPA DSO and the services also fund social/behavioral research efforts.

MINERVAhttps://minerva.defense.gov/The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) funds S&T projects to address understanding and modeling of human behavior in social and cultural contexts. The basic research component is entitled the Minerva Initiative. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 115.

Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI)https://ari.altess.army.mil/ARI supports research projects that are designed to expand fundamental knowledge and discover general principles in the behavioral and social sciences, and generally focused on individual and unit performance and readiness. In addition to programmatic efforts to develop and evaluate psychological and behavioral theory, researchers are encouraged to propose novel, state-of-the-art, and multidisciplinary approaches that address difficult problems. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 60.

Medical Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP)https://cdmrp.army.mil/ Congress typically adds funds to the DOD budget for support of selected medical basic research topics; these total ~$1B/yr in recent years. Each year funds are inserted by a congressperson for specific topics for that year only. Those topics are then openly competed through the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP) solicitations. The Army’s Medical Research and Materiel Command manages the CDMRP with contractors providing the administrative functions. Since there is no certainty of continued funding, there are no program officers per se. For more information on the CDMRP, see MAPS DOD Charts 123-130 and/or visit the CDMRP website (which is very informative).

Defense Health Programhttps://cdmrp.army.mil/dmrdp/default

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5/18/2023DOD budgets a relatively small extramural effort in medical basic research (<$10M). In 2010 the DOD established a joint program, the Defense Medical Research and Development Program (DMRDP) with 6.1-6.3 funding. The DMRDP is organized about six Joint Program Committees (JPC), which consist of DOD and non-DOD medical and military technical experts. Its solicitations are administered through the CDMRP process. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 120-122.

Agency Level ProgramsThe Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) issues a generic BAA for basic research, but generally without much money available. In addition, USAMRMC manages the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM), which funds a University-based consortium (see DOD Charts 59). DARPA has a Basic Operational Medical Science (6.1) effort. ONR has a Warfighter Protection and Applications Division with interest in selected medical topics (see MAPS DOD Chart 72). DTRA funds Medical research in support of defense against weapons of mass destruction.

Instrumentation https://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Science-Technology/Directorates/office-research-discovery-invention/Sponsored-Research/University-Research-Initiatives/DURIP.aspxAs part of the DoD University Research Initiative (URI) budget line, the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) is competed each summer. The awards range from $50K to $1.5M; matching funds are not required, but are very useful for the high priced instruments. While anyone may submit, there is a strong preference for instrumentation in support of funded DOD research efforts. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 118. ARO also has its own research instrumentation program (see MAPS DOD Chart 54).

Defense Science Study Group (DSSG)https://dssg.ida.org/Funded by DARPA and administered by the Institute for Defense Analysis, this program seeks to foster links between the DoD and academia, educating top-tier engineering and science professors about defense systems, missions and operations. It typically selects ~15 Full or Associate professors every two years, each having an average of ~10-15 years post PhD experience.

Manufacturing Engineering Education Program (MEEP)In FY2017 DOD was authorized to support industry-relevant, manufacturing-focused, engineering training at United States institutions of higher education, industry, nonprofit institutions, and consortia of such institutions or industry. The purpose of this program is to establish new or to enhance existing programs (or collections of programs) to better position the current and next-generation manufacturing workforce to produce military systems and components that assure technological superiority for DOD. Each individual award will be up to a maximum of $600K per year for up to three (3) years. The FY2018 solicitation was managed by ONR.

Education/Training/SabbaticalsIn addition to funding research itself, there are DOD programs in support of STEM scholarships (https://dodstem.us/stem-programs/scholarships) which include: a) PhD education, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate program (NDSEG, https://www.ndsegfellowships.org/), and b) undergraduate/graduate education, the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship for Service Program. Each of the Services also has a STEM education effort, generally focused on K-12.

The DOD research laboratories fund postdoctoral positions through the National Research Council (NRC, http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/rap/), the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE,

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5/18/2023https://www.asee.org/fellowship-programs), and the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU, https://www.orau.org/stem-workforce-solutions/talent-management/jobs-internships/index.html) programs. In addition, there are many programs to support faculty working at the various DOD laboratories.

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5/18/2023Resources

Defense-wide central resource: https://defenseinnovationmarketplace.dtic.mil/

Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Basic Research: https://www.acq.osd.mil/rd/basic_research/

DTIC database on DOD grantshttps://dodgrantawards.dtic.mil/grants/index.html#/advancedSearch

Army Research Laboratory S&T Technical Implementation Plan 2016-2020http://www.arl.army.mil/www/pages/172/docs/ARL_Technical_Implementation_Plan.pdf

Air Force Strategic Master Plan with S&T Annex (2016)https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589441/air-force-releases-strategic-master-plan/

Naval Research and Development Frameworkhttps://www.onr.navy.mil/our-research/naval-research-framework

Mission Agency Program Summary (MAPS)The DC Office of Research Advancement has created the Federal Mission Agency Program Summary to:

1. connect PIs with appropriate funding agency programs/program officers2. assist in development of white papers/charts/elevator speeches

The following resources are available on request 1. Data sheets on programs officers and their programs2. For DHS, DHHS, DOD, DOE, DOJ, DOT, ED, EPA, INTEL, NASA, NIST, NOAA, and USDA: Agency Planning Documents

Guides to Agency Funding for FYXX Agency Research Program Charts Chart numbers in the “Guides to Funding” reference the “Research Program Charts.”3. Charts from recent USC Center of Excellence in Research workshops4. Reports / guides on proposal writing 5. URLs at which one can arrange for Agency automatic solicitation updates6. URLs at which one can find previous agency awardees7. Information about DC Office services

Personal Assistance in Locating Funding and Preparing Proposals Dr. James S. Murday DC Office of Research Advancement Tel: 202 824 5863 Email: Murday@usc.edu

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5/18/2023Table 1: FY2017 and FY2018 DOD Research Funding ($M)

Obligations at Universities/Colleges

2017 2018Basic Applied Basic Applied

Total for DOD 2110 5068 2261 5429

Total at Universities 1048 614 1115 671

Physical Sciences 186 31 207 30Astronomy - -Chemistry 42 9Physics 131 18Other 13 4

Environmental Sciences 44 50 63 48Atmospheric 10 -Geological 2 1Oceanography 26 48Other 6 2

Mathematics and Computer 176 118 225 85

Computer Sciences 96 98Mathematics 63 3Other 16 18

Engineering 210 209 261 220Aeronautical 28 22Astronautical 1 1Chemical 13 7Civil 3 -Electrical 34 67Mechanical 21 26Metal/Materials 65 23Other 46 62

Life Sciences 115 106 110 126Agriculture 7 -Biological 61 31Environmental 2 -Medical 36 73Other 8 -

Psychological 12 6 26 5Social Sciences 14 2 16 2Other Sciences 289 94 217 101

From NSF “Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY2017-2018,” 17 June 2019 https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/tables-by-survey.cfm

Basic 2017 Table 27 (for totals at top), 67 (for Other Sciences at bottom) and 69-75Applied Research 2017 Table 39 (for totals at top), 77 (for Other Sciences at bottom) and 79-85 Basic 2018 Table 28 (for totals at top) and 68

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5/18/2023Applied Research 2018 Table 40 (for totals at top) and 78

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5/18/2023Table 2: Projected DOD Basic Research Funding ($M) for FY2020:

From the President’s Budget Request Submitted to Congress.

The reported Army funding by discipline reflects only the ARO budget available for University single investigator proposal submission (budget line item AA3), not the total Army basic research funding; from a different basic research budget line the Army also funds University Centers through special competitions. For the Navy, about 25% of the reported total basic research funding is provided to the Naval Research Laboratory; for the Air Force, about 30% is provided to the Air Force Research Laboratories.

Table 1 (previous table) provides the funding parsed by academic discipline as reported by DOD to NSF. Since the academic disciplines in Table 2 (here) are different from most of the agency’s program taxonomies, clear assignment of funds by academic taxonomies is not always possible from the budget submission. Table 2 should be considered a best estimate. In some cases, the amount of funding in a discipline is included under other headings and is thereby unknown from the budget submission; physics and chemistry at ONR and DARPA are good examples.

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5/18/2023Table 3: Summary of Basic Research Funding

(From the President’s Budget Request Submitted to Congress)

Service Actual*FY 18

Estimate*FY19

PBRFY19

PBRFY20

Air Force

Basic Research 491 561 518 530

Defense Res Sciences 321 383 348 356Army Basic Research 464 506 446 455

Defense Res Sciences 274 316 277 298 ARO (DRS AA3, was H57) 93 101 101 101 ICT (UIRC AB4, was JO8) 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.0

Navy Basic Research 604 580 597 606 Defense Res Sciences 448 499 459 470

DARPA Basic Research (DRS) 403 423 422 486Basic Operational Medical Res Science

42 47 48 54

DTRA Basic Research 36 37 37 26CBDP Basic Research 44 42 43 45

OSD NDEP 101 136 74 92MINERVA (0601110D8Z) 9.7 10.8 9.5 11.4

DHP GDF-Basic Operational Med Res Sciences(0601117HP – 371A)

8 9 6.9 8.6

* The FY18-19 numbers may include Congressional changes and Congressional adds (CA, sometimes labeled Congressional Special Interest, CSI) which do not appear in the President’s Budget Request (PBR). In particular, in recent years Congress has increased the S&T funding levels; one can see this by comparing the FY19 enacted vice the President’s budget request (PBR).

Each of the Services has a strategic S&T plan which provides guidance into priorities; these can found in the USC DOD MAPS. In addition to any funding growth identified in Appendix 1 of this document, approximately 20% of projects in a DOD basic research program are turned over each year. So there are opportunities in most programs even in the absence of budget growth or modest decline.

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Applied Research and Advanced Technology Developmenthttps://www.cto.mil/DOD defines applied research (6.2 or BA2) as systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met. Advanced technology development (6.3 or BA3) includes all efforts that have moved into the development and integration of hardware for field experiments and tests. The 2018 National Defense Strategy lists the following priority topics: Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning, Biotechnology, Autonomy, Cyberspace (including security), Directed Energy, Next Gen Microelectronics, Quantum Science, Hypersonics, and Space.

The S&T investment is led by a DOD executive committee comprised of the major departmental S&T organizations. Underpinning that leadership, there are 14 active Communities of Interest (COIs, see Table 5) that encourage multi-agency coordination and collaboration. Each COI identifies appropriate thrust areas, gaps and opportunities, investment profiles and engagement opportunities for its topics.

Since not much 6.3 funding goes to Universities, only the Applied Research Budget lines are provided in Table 4. Applied funding opportunities are distributed among many DOD agencies, each having its own particular focus:

DOD S&T Funding Agencies managing a 6.1-6.3 investment portfolio Office of Naval Research (ONR, Naval includes the Navy and Marine Corps)

https://www.onr.navy.mil/Science-Technology/Directorates/Transition/ Focus: develop/transition cutting-edge technology products to Naval acquisition managers

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) https://www.darpa.mil/ Focus: defense-wide technology innovation

Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) https://www.dtra.mil/ Focus: countering weapons of mass destruction – chem, bio, radiological, nuclear, explosive

Other DOD S&T Funding Agencies (w/o basic research) Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency (DFBA) https://www.dfba.mil/

Focus: forensics and biometrics activities and operations in support of identity operations Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)

https://www.dla.mil/ Focus: support the weapon system sustainment program

Missile Defense Agency (MDA) https://mda.mil/

Focus: system to defend against ballistic missile attacks Special Operations Command (SOCOM)

https://www.socom.mil/ Focus: development, acquisition, and fielding of critical items to enable the SOF Warfighter

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)

https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Focus: develop and demonstrate innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions

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5/18/2023In addition, there are funding opportunities emanating from the Service laboratories/centers/institutes, especially from the Air Force Research Laboratory.

Office of Naval Research (ONR)https://www.onr.navy.mil/Science-Technology/Directorates/Transition/Future-Naval-Capabilities-FNC.aspxThe 2017 Naval Research and Development Framework identifies the following priorities: Augmented Warfighter, Integrated and Distributed Forces, Operational Endurance, Sensing and Sense Making, Scalable Lethality. It also identifies six Integrated Research Portfolios (which roughly correspond to the ONR Directorates): Amphibious Operations (old Code 30, now disestablished); Information Cyber and Spectrum Superiority (Code 31); Mission Capable, Persistent & Survivable Sea Platforms (Code 33); Aviation, Force Projection & Integrated Defense (Code 35); Undersea Battlespace and Maritime Domain Access (Code 32); and Warfighter Supremacy (Code 34).

In addition to its Discovery and Invention program (most of the 6.1 and about half of the 6.2), ONR has a Future Naval Capabilities (FNC) Applied Research program (PE 0602750N) that invests about half of the Naval 6.2 and most of the 6.3 (PE 0603673N) monies. FNC products start at a technology readiness level (TRL) of three and conclude at a TRL of six. The FNC program has been restructured for FY2020; it now addresses the topics of: Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare and Combatting Terrorism; C4ISR and Special Projects; Ocean Battlespace Sensing; Sea Warfare and Weapons; Warfighter Performance; and Naval Air Warfare and Weapons

ONR also has an Innovative Naval Prototypes program (INP, PE 0602792N) that explores high 6.2 and 6.3 technologies that can dramatically change the way naval forces fight. Programs in this category may be disruptive technologies, which for reasons of high risk or radical departure from established requirements and concepts of operation, are unlikely to survive without top leadership endorsement, and, unlike Future Naval Capabilities, are initially too high risk for a firm transition commitment from the acquisition community. In FY 2020 a stand-alone Artificial Intelligence (AI) R-2 Activity was established to consolidate and coordinate the acceleration of AI investments.

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)https://www.darpa.mil/default.aspxDARPA invests 6.1-6.3 monies through six offices: Defense Sciences (DSO), Biological Technologies(BTO), Information Innovation (I2O), Microsystems Technology (MTO), Strategic Technologies (STO), and Tactical Technologies (TTO). While all of the offices have this range of funding, DSO has the most emphasis on basic research and STO / TTO the most emphasis on advanced technology development. DARPA typically issues solicitations for larger scale, multi-participant efforts that are held to milestones and must deliver a prototype in a three-year time frame. The solicitations are frequently preceded by: a) a proposer day where interested parties can gain more information on the effort and meet potential team partners, b) a workshop, and/or c) a Request for Information (RFI) that is used to shape a pending solicitation. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 173-177.

Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)https://www.dtra.mil/ DTRA is the combat support agency for countering weapons of mass destruction. It addresses the entire spectrum of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high yield explosive threats. DTRA’s programs include research and development, operational support to US warfighters on the front line, and an in-house weapons-of-mass-destruction think tank that aims to anticipate and mitigate future threats.

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5/18/2023For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 178-179.

Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency (DFBA) https://www.dfba.mil/Biometrics and forensics are critical to identifying known and unknown individuals by matching them with automated records (such as for access control) or with anonymous samples (such as crime scene investigations). DFBA is responsible for applying biometrics and forensics capabilities through various tactics, techniques and processes. It has a generic BAA for research addressing its needs. For more information see MAPS DOD Chart 182.

Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)https://www.dla.mil/The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Logistics Research & Development (R&D) Branch is charged with conducting research and development in all areas relevant to its mission and across all its supply chains. White papers submitted to DLA may address: fundamental R&D; concept formulation; assessment of system and subsystem requirements and processes; development, analysis and evaluation of concepts, systems and subsystems; development of associated industrial capabilities support techniques and processes; development of associated manufacturing techniques and processes; modeling and simulation; simulation-based acquisition; integrated data environments and product data managers; and development of operational systems. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 183.

Missile Defense Agency (MDA)https://mda.mil/business/advanced_research.htmlThe Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) includes operational elements for sensing, monitoring, and intercepting ballistic missiles during all three phases of flight: boost, mid-course, and terminal. BMDS elements include a network of space, ground, and sea based sensors for detecting and tracking threat missiles; interceptor missiles launched from silos, trucks and ships; and tools for command and control. The MDA has a University Research Program for advancing and solving complex technological problems, ultimately contributing to enhancing a more robust Ballistic Missile Defense System; these efforts are applied research and development. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 184.

Special Operations Command (SOCOM) https://www.socom.mil/SOF-ATL/Pages/SOFATL.aspxSOCOM has a long-term goal to develop technologies to meet Special Operations Forces (SOF) mission requirements. The intent is to accelerate the delivery of these innovative capabilities to the SOF warfighter. Prior studies and analyses have determined the technical challenges to be:1) trade space between weight, protection, power, and mobility; 2) cost; and 3) system component integration. SOCOM is interested in receiving white papers from all responsible sources from industry, academia, individuals, and Government laboratories capable of providing experiments and tests, feasibility studies, modeling and simulation, design, construction, and testing of SOF-related technologies. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 185.

SERPD and ESTCP - Environmental Protectionhttps://www.serdp-estcp.org/The DOD provides support for environmental efforts through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). It is a 6.3 (advanced development) budget line, but does fund 6.1 and 6.2 work, if the circumstances are right. In addition the DOD has the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) that identifies and demonstrates the most promising innovative and cost-

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5/18/2023effective technologies and methods that address DOD’s high-priority environmental requirements. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 186.

DOD Laboratories, Centers, Institutes and SchoolsThe DOD has an extensive intramural research program distributed among various laboratories, institutes and centers (see Table 6). Those entities do have opportunities to fund University-based efforts, usually (but not always) involving applied research. There are also opportunities for collaboration. In particular, relative to Universities, most DOD laboratories are far better equipped and manpower limited. Generic BAAs are published to announce the areas of potential interest but contacting the institution prior to submitting a white paper / proposal is a good idea since there may be either no interest in your ideas or no funding available.

Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)https://www.wpafb.af.mil/afrl/Of the three service laboratories, AFRL issues the largest number of solicitations for extramural research. AFRL also has University Centers of Excellence in support of specific AFRL interests. For more information, see MAPS DOD charts 150-154.

Air Force Academy (USAFA)The Air Force Academy has a number of solicitations looking for fundamental research in support of select projects such as: a) a Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (PASCC), b) the Center for Aircraft Structural Life Extension, c) Corrosion Prevention and Control and d) hypersonic turbulence modeling. See MAPS DOD chart 155.

Army Research Laboratory (ARL)https://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfmARL has a generic solicitation identifying basic and applied research extramural opportunities, but, with the exception of ARO, ARL is more interested in collaborations than funding efforts. ARL has instituted an Open Campus policy (http://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?page=2357). The Open Campus is not a funding opportunity. Through the Open Campus framework, ARL scientists and engineers (S&Es) will work collaboratively and side-by-side with visiting scientists in ARL's facilities, and as visiting researchers at collaborators' institutions. Central to the research collaborations is mutual scientific interest and investment by all partners. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 155-166.

US Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC)https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Missions/The US Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) helps solve our Nation’s most challenging problems in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences. ERDC has a generic solicitation. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 167.

Naval Postgraduate School (NPS)https://www.nps.edu/The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is interested in receiving proposals for research initiatives that offer potential for advancement and improvement in the NPS core mission of graduate education and research. Also, the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Multi-INT Studies (CMIS) supports innovative, independent research to vastly improve the current state of the art in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 75-76.

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5/18/2023Advanced Manufacturing Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR and STTR) https://www.acq.osd.mil/osbp/sbir/about/The SBIR/STTR Programs are structured in three phases. Phase I (project feasibility) determines the scientific, technical and commercial merit and feasibility of the ideas submitted. Phase II (project development to prototype) is the major research and development effort, funding the prototyping and demonstration of the most promising Phase I projects. Phase III (commercialization) is the ultimate goal of each SBIR/STTR effort and statute requires that Phase III work be funded by sources outside the SBIR/STTR Program. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 188.

Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) https://defenseinnovationmarketplace.dtic.mil/business-opportunities/rapid-innovation-fund/The Rapid Innovation Fund provides a collaborative mechanism for small businesses to provide DOD with innovative technologies that can be rapidly inserted into acquisition programs that meet specific defense needs. The RIF is administered by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD R&E) and Office of Small Business Programs (OSBP). The RIF can be a source of the SBIR/STTR Phase III funding. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 189.

Mantechhttps://www.dodmantech.com/All ManTech projects and initiatives are selected and executed through the Service and Agency ManTech Programs. The Army executes primarily through Army Research, Development and Engineering Centers and Army Laboratories; the Navy ManTech Program relies almost exclusively on Centers of Excellence; the Air Force partners with industry, other government agencies, and academia; DLA uses multi-contractor, 5 year competitive contracts; and the OSD’s Defense Manufacturing S&T Program is executed through the Air Force primarily using Broad Area Announcements. For more information, see MAPS DOD Chart 190.

Manufacturing USAhttps://www.manufacturingusa.com/Manufacturing USA (formerly the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation) consists of linked Manufacturing Innovation Institutes (MIIs) with common goals, but unique concentrations. In an MII, industry, academia, and government partners leverage existing resources, collaborate, and co-invest to nurture manufacturing innovation and accelerate commercialization. Typically, an MII has ~$70-100M Federal monies over five years, with a requirement of at least an equivalent amount of matching funds. The MIIs have some limited funds available for University research. For more information, see MAPS DOD Charts 191-192.

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Table 4: Summary of Applied (6.2) Research Funding (Taken from the President’s Budget Requests to Congress)

Service Actual*FY 18

Estimate*FY19

PBRFY19

PBRFY20

Air Force 1454 1481 1312 1436Army 1196 889 920 894Navy 975 1579 891 936DARPA 1252 1379 1407 1469DTRA 153 156 161 181CBDP 199 192 193 203

OSD Cyber Applied Res 14 15 15 15DHP Applied Biomedical 92 N/A 74 83

* The FY18-19 numbers may include Congressional changes and Congressional special adds (CA, sometimes labeled Congressional Special Interest, CSI) which do not appear in the President’s Budget Request (PBR).

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Table 5: DOD S&T Communities of Interesthttps://defenseinnovationmarketplace.dtic.mil/communities-of-interest/

COIs were established in 2009 as a mechanism to encourage multi-agency coordination and collaboration in cross-cutting technology focus areas with broad multiple-component investment. COIs provide a forum for coordinating S&T strategies across the Department, sharing new ideas, technical directions and technology opportunities, jointly planning programs, measuring technical progress, and reporting on the general state of health for specific technology areas.

Communities of Interest Tier-1 Taxonomy Advanced Electronics Air Platforms Autonomy Biomedical (ASBREM) Command, Control, Communication, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) Cyber Electronic Warfare Energy & Power Technologies Ground & Sea Platforms Human Systems Materials & Manufacturing Processes Sensors Space Weapons Technologies

Alumni CoIs Counter IED Counter WMD Engineered Resilient Systems

The collection of COIs serves as an enduring structure to integrate technology efforts throughout the DoD S&T enterprise. While they cover the majority of the DoD’s S&T investment, some Service specific investments are not included in these groups.

 

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5/18/2023Table 6: Service Research Laboratories/Centers/Institutes (mostly in-house efforts)

Army Army Research Laboratory (ARL, mostly 6.1 and 6.2)

https://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?page=8 Focus:

Computational and Information SciencesHuman Research and Engineering Sensors and Electron DevicesSurvivability/Lethality AnalysisVehicle TechnologyWeapons and Materials Research

Army Combat Capabilities Development Commands (CCDC, mostly 6.2 - 6.4) https://www.army.mil/ccdc#org-resources

Focus:Armament Center (was ARDEC)Aviation & Missile Center (was AMRDEC)Chemical Biological Center (was ECBC)C5ISR Center (was CERDEC)Soldier Center (was NSRDEC)Ground Vehicle Systems Center (was TARDEC)

Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) https://www.usace.army.mil/Missions/Research-and-Development/ Focus: solve nation’s problems in geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (AMRMC)

https://mrmc.amedd.army.mil/ Focus: medical research, development, and acquisition and medical logistics management Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences

https://ari.altess.army.mil/Focus: research in behavioral science (6.1 - 6.3)

Air Force Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL)

https://www.wpafb.af.mil/afrl/ Focus:Aerospace Systems (RQ)Sensors (RY)Materials and Manufacturing (RX)Munitions (RW)Directed Energy (RD)Space Vehicles (RV)Information (RI)Human Effectiveness (711 HPC)

Navy and Marine Corps Naval Research Laboratory

https://www.nrl.navy.mil/Focus: S&T in support of the Navy and Marine Corps

Naval Warfare CentersNaval Surface Warfare Centers (NSWC) https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warfare-Centers/

Warfare Systems – Dahlgren

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5/18/2023Ship Technology – CarderockMaintenance - Port HuenemeTechnology Life Support - CraneLogistics/Foundry - PhiladelphiaExplosive/Ordnance - Indian Head

Naval Air Warfare Centers (NAWC)Weapons – China Lake www.navair.navy.mil/nawcwd Aircraft - Pax River https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/ndw/installations/nas_patuxent_river/about.htmlTraining Systems - Orlando www.navair.navy.mil/nawctsd

Naval Undersea Warfare Centers (NUSC) https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warfare-Centers/Space & Naval Warfare Sys Ctr (SPAWAR) https://www.navy.mil/local/spawar/

Navy Medical Research Center https://www.navy.mil/local/nmrc/ Focus: battlefield medical problems and naturally occurring infectious diseases Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) https://my.nps.edu/web/research/ Focus: research and unique research laboratory facilities to support Fleet and OPNAV needs.

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5/18/2023Appendix 1: FY2020 Basic (6.1) Research Program Significant Changes

$M from 2019 to 2020 Derived from the RDDS (R-2s) in the DOD President’s Budget Submission

AFOSRPhysics and Electronics 42 to 43Funding increased due to added emphasis in complex electronics and fundamental quantum processes.

Army Research Office (ARO) (AA3 in DRS, was H57)Life Sciences 6 to 13Will use spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to reveal fine details of brain hemodynamic (blood flow) signals and clarify the correlation between these two observable quantities and the level and spatial distribution of neural activity in the living brain with electrophysiology and optogenetic (using light) manipulation, that in the long term may lead to new avenues for the treatment of brain injuries, training methods for the future soldier, or methods to establish direct, remote control for future combat vehicles, in line with the Soldier Lethality and Next Generation Combat Vehicle Army Modernization Priorities. Will determine whether key intracellular regulators can be inactivated by forming a self-seeding aggregate and whether such a protein aggregate can then attract other proteins, thereby inactivating them as well, that in the long term may enable new methods for preventing, detecting, and treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Will employ genetics and molecular biology methods to create a comprehensive glycan library where the glycans are bound to a biotin-labelled polymer, and utilize the new system to target the depletion orenrichment of specific microbial species from a given community of organisms and determine the effect of these changes in the composition of a mock community of skin bacteria, that in the long term may lead to more effective methods for portable water purification, insect resistance, and wound healing. Will genetically engineer novel green fluorescent protein “protomers” thatwill utilize engineered electrostatic interactions to explore whether proteins can be programmed to self-assemble into a range of useful higher order structures similar to synthetic polymers but with the information rich properties of proteins, that in the long term may enable Army-relevant applications ranging from protective materials to chemical detection and decontamination systems.Will integrate sociological and psychological theory on status, influence, and attentional control with biological measurements, to create a method for predicting or simulating how threat impacts team performance and communication impedance, which in the long term may provide a new paradigm for training Soldiers and assessing individual and squad capabilities in more realisticsimulated environments where decisions must be made rapidly in the face of the rapidly changing battlefield dynamics.

Chemical Sciences 14 to 17Will use a combined experimental-computational approach to develop mechanistic descriptions of catalysis by metal nanostructures when excited by photon or other non-thermal energy sources to determine the most efficient photoelectrocatalysis approaches for driving chemical conversion at metal nanoparticle surfaces, that in the long term may enable the development of lower-weight power storage and generation. Will develop two innovative single-molecule approaches to define the catalytic kinetics and dynamics of living polymerization reactions in real time, at the single-polymer level, and down to single-monomer resolution, that in the long term may enable new polymer structures with novel properties ranging from protective coatings on vehicles and aircraft to more rapid and cost-effective manufacturing methods. Will synthesize a unique set of fluorescent ester probe catalysts with variable mobility and reactivity within the structured pore space and investigate reactions of these porous catalysts

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5/18/2023at the single particle level using advanced imaging and spectroscopic techniques, that in the long term will provide a novel catalyst design to enable new fuel cells and chemical neutralization methods. Will develop a first-principles framework for predicting the structure of molecular interfaces and designing molecular interfaces with enhanced properties that in the long term may enable new methods for chemical manufacturing, such as energetic materials.

Materials 9 to 13Will establish the feasibility of using newly developed nuclear magnetic diffraction techniques to obtain atomic resolution structural and functional information about nanocrystalline membrane proteins. Will utilize nuclear magnetic resonance to identify the phase transitions in metallic liquids, the conditions under which they occur, and the influence they have on mechanical properties. This knowledge could be utilized to develop advanced processing methods for high performance lightweight metallic alloys. Will synthesize and characterize novel nano-structured hybrid inorganic-organic crystals and understand how the variations in organic spacer and chalcogen elements affect the excitonic effects to achieve tuning of extraordinary physical properties. Will investigate recently identified aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as a reinforcing material.

Network Sciences 12 to 14Will expand current methods for obtaining consensus in distributed setting, typically limited to linear control and constraints to deal with temporal and non-linear constraints. Will extend traditional linear methods to carry out optimization computation, allowing for distributed learning on top of distributed consensus and control. The results should have an impact on research inInternet of Battlefield Things. Will create a framework for effective use of crowdsourcing? A technique that has gained popularity in Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) applications, where the wisdom of crowds is harnessed by taking into account the cognitive ability of each individual person in the crowd. Will design algorithms to route data to their destination, using locally available information, which is optimal with respect to the use of available resources by using coding techniques throughout their span. Will design networks to enable distributed trust services using Blockchain methodologies, which are robust to impairments in connectivity and to asymmetries in computational capabilities at the nodes. Will predict dynamic human behaviors through mapping physical movements and shared mental models. Will extend the boundaries of cognitive science into shared mental models within multi-team systems. This includes theoretical advancements based on iterative experimental and computational modeling towards the development of a predictive model of team dynamics inisolated, high stress, and complex environments.

Office of Naval ResearchScience Addressing Hybrid Threats 24 to 26Initiate efforts in understanding multifunction machine learning and artificial intelligence systems operating in realistic electromagnetic threat environments.

Human Systems 16 to 19Develop neuroscience principles to identify neural circuits, architectures, and algorithms that can be emulated to develop novel sensing, control, pattern recognition, neuromorphic processors, and intelligent systems. Conduct research on neural mechanisms of memory consolidation, working memory, and retrieval to enable intelligent systems with human-like associative memory skills. Develop computationally-efficient methods to model human behavior and social network analytics.

Mathematics, Computer and Information Sciences 46 to 62

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5/18/2023New research projects will deliver technology for improved AI inference and human/AI interaction, predictive models for human cognitive performance, models for predicting and controlling complex networks in uncertain and hostile environments, and technology for improved presentation of complex, information-rich datasets. Conduct basic research of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols and implementations for the purpose of understanding the security implications for QKD in the maritime environment. Efforts will develop brain-inspired artificial intelligence algorithms and architectures and neuromorphic hardware to accelerate deep learning.

Ocean Sciences 76 to 82The funding increase from FY 2019 to FY 2020 is a result of the realignment of funds within the PE from Basic Research Challenge program into Ocean Sciences Activity to better identify and continue understanding the effects of Arctic conditions on acoustic propagation and ambient noise, particularly in under-ice environments, as facilitated by a basin-wide data collection effort scheduled to begin in FY 2020.

Science and Engineering Education 44 to 49Start development of pilot efforts to improve STEM through the development of new curricula and experiential learning activities that respond to new naval Science and Technology personnel and knowledge needs. Expand existing successes to scale working projects and achieve greater impact and implementation of funded efforts. Support new activities to targeting regional efforts todrive greater impact on educational systems and increase workforce opportunity for the naval Science and Technology community.

Weapons 19 to 20The funding increase from FY 2019 to FY 2020 is a result of the realignment of funds within the PE from Basic Research Challenge program into Weapons Activity to better identify and continue basic research in the areas of solid and hybrid rocket propulsion, advanced structural and aperture materials, navigation, aerodynamics, single and multi-missile control, and power management effort(s) initiated as part of the FY 2019 Basic Research Challenge program.

DARPA CCS-02 Math and Computer SciencesFoundational Artificial Intelligence (AI) Science 0 to 17Develop a fundamental scientific basis for understanding and quantifying performance expectations and limits of AI technologies. The Foundational AI science thrust will focus on the development of new learning architectures that enhance AI systems' ability to handle uncertainty, reduce vulnerabilities, and improve robustness for DoD AI systems. One focus area of this thrust is the ability to embed known physics, mathematics, and other prior knowledge to improve performance of AI systems, particularly for problem sets involving incomplete, sparse and noisy data. Another focus area is the development of a model framework for quantifying performance expectations and limits of AI systems. A third focus area is the development of new tools and methodologies that enable AI approaches for accelerated molecular discovery.

Human-Machine Symbiosis (HMS) 0 to 13HMS will bring forth technologies that enable machines to do more than execute pre-programmed instructions. Rather, HMS-enabled machines will: 1) understand speech; 2) extract information contained

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5/18/2023in diverse media; 3) learn, reason and apply knowledge gained through experience; 4) identify and work to fill knowledge gaps; 5) extrapolate causal phenomena to anticipate predictable outcomes; and 6) respond intelligently to new and unforeseen events.

Alternative Computing 0 to 10Develop novel architectural and algorithmic approaches to enable fast and accurate simulations for problems that are practically intractable using electronic computers. Approaches considered under this thrust include the following: (1) analog computing substrates for efficiently simulating systems governed by complex non-linear phenomena; (2) multi-functional spin-based devices for scalable, efficient neuromorphic computing; (3) computing approaches that exploit the capacity of nonlinear systems to simulate nonlinear dynamical systems; and (4) quantum enabled simulations of complex phenomena in physics, chemistry and materials.

Transformative Sciences TRS-01Native Bioelectronic Interfaces 0 to 10Develop approaches that combine high-resolution biosensors to track the healing process in real-time with bioactuators to stimulate restoration where and when needed. The primary challenge to achieving this is the lack of a closed-loop interface that can manipulate highly complex signaling pathways in wounds and the developmental interdependencies that scale from cell to tissue. The program will develop new methods to convert dense multi-modal information into the body's native repair processes, and will leverage artificial intelligence to guide the delivery of the signals necessary for healing.

Basic Operational Medical ScienceImproved Interventions 0 to 14Create a platform to develop pharmacological interventions capable of modulating multiple targets within biological systems of the body, which will reduce side effects and promote safety. Research will focus on the integration of novel bioinformatics approaches, high-content physiological model systems, and new bio-orthogonal chemical synthesis methods to treat the system in order to achieve desired physiological effects. Progress in this area will lead to new pharmacological discovery and design principles that will lead to products that can be used to augment physical fitness training and maintenance for military populations.

DTRABasic Research Countering WMD 37 to 26The decrease in FY 2020 is due to reduced investment in basic research. The Basic Research portfolio was restructured to establish a University Partnership (UP) model with a new prioritization process. This process will focus novel UP research on high-priority CWMD gaps, to include energetics and reactives, nuclear data, weapons effects, materials science, machine learning, radiation biology, advanced analytics, and other critical areas. This model reduces administrative burdens and increases technical collaboration with partners focused on current and emerging areas of interest thereby allowing for reduced investment in FY 2020.

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5/18/2023Appendix 2: FY2020 Selected Appl Research (6.2) Program Significant Changes

$M from 2019 to 2020 Derived from RDDS (R-2) in the President’s Budget Submission

Air ForceMaterials for Structures, Propulsion and SubsystemsCeramics and Composites 28 to 30Funding increased due to added emphasis and demand for high temperature ceramics and composite technologies for hypersonic vehicles.

Structural Concepts 8 to 13Funding increased due to additional emphasis in development of low cost structures in this major effort to support low cost attritable aircraft development

Rocket Propulsion TechnologyOn-Orbit Propulsion Technologies 14 to 16Funding increased due to additional development of advanced electric thrusters.

Cyberspace Dominance TechnologyCyber Offense Technologies 11 to 17Funding increased due to an emphasis on disruption, denial, degradation, destruction, and deception through airborne cyber effects.

Space Survivability & SurveillanceSpace Environment Research 15 to 21Funding increased due to additional development of technology in advanced space environment sensors.

Army Next Generation Combat Vehicle TechnologyBig Data Storage Techniques 0 to 3Will develop automated data labeling/cleaning techniques across large amounts of data. Will examine and integrate storage requirements of different types of datasets into a unified system. Will integrate hardware and software components for the storage sub-system. Will integrate each step in storage process into a single pipeline for ease of access and use.

Virtual Prototyping 0 to 5WIll generate multiple novel NGCV manned and unmanned system level ground vehicle concepts, assess performance, and conduct soldier involved virtual experiments to provide operational feedback from warfighters on NGCV system designs and technology performance

NavyApplied Information Science for Decision Making 22 to 35Quantum Information Sciences; Computational Methods for Decision Making; Nanoscale Electronics Technology; Cyber Defense; Data Analytics; Electromagnetic Warfare; Information Technology; Applied research on artificial intelligence in support of; Collaborative complex decision-making.

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5/18/2023Advanced Naval Materials 11 to 15The funding increase from FY 2019 to FY 2020 is due to the Agile Manufacturing Integrated Computational Materials Engineering effort initiating in FY20.

Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyBT-01 Biomedical TechnologyImproved Personnel Placement (IPP) 0 to 17- Compare attributes of specialized warfighters to identify biomarkers associated with specialized military roles.- Design in silico and in vitro testbeds to emulate extreme training or performance conditions.

IT-04 Artificial Intelligence and Human Machine SymbiosisAutomated Knowledge Acquisition (AKA) 0 to 2- Apply natural language understanding and machine learning techniques to the problem of automating schema alignment.- Develop approaches for reconciling inconsistencies and assuring integrity of a unified knowledge base created from diverse sources.- Propose an upper ontology to accommodate domain-specific ontologies of interest to military users engaged in human domain operations for which local and regional military, political, economic, social, and cultural factors can be important.

Accelerating Artificial Intelligence (AAI) 0 to 24- Evaluate current approaches for assessing trustworthiness and identify tasks or sub-tasks amenable to minimal human intervention.- Apply AI to identify the most effective methods for assessing trustworthiness and intent as a function of social context.- Identify data sources for development and training of AI systems for machine assisted human interviews and vetting processes.- Develop, demonstrate, and evaluate pilot application using algorithmic game theory based AI techniques for complex military decision problems.

Knowledge-directed AI Reasoning Over Schemas (KAIROS) 0 to 15- Develop and apply AI and statistical pattern recognition techniques for machine learning of new temporal schemas from intelligence data.- Develop temporal schema to recognize patterns in complex event sequences.- Develop techniques for quantifying the degree to which a temporal schema models a complex sequence of event elements and for quantifying the degree of confidence in reconstructions.- Explore approaches for using partial matches to temporal schema to interpolate or predict missing or future event elements, respectively.

TT-04 Advanced Land SystemsRapunzel 0 to 10- Conduct trade space analysis and technical assessments regarding novel materials that are quickly field assembled and fabricated into lightweight components.- Initiate development of mobility, counter-mobility, survivability, and concealment core requirements and systems architectures.- Initiate development of critical manufacturing technologies/approaches and perform baseline demonstrations of existing technologies that can be leveraged to refine program metrics.

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5/18/2023- Develop operational and technical performance models.

Highly-Networked Dissemination of Relevant Data (3HNDRED) 0 to 10- Initiate trade studies to assess 3HNDRED use cases, sensor suite, and interface modalities.- Evaluate multi-modal interface solutions to assess effectiveness across multiple states and posture.- Initiate 3HNDRED tactical decision engine architecture development.- Complete preliminary design and demonstration of tactical decision engine to infer battlefield context and make decisions at scale.

Small Unit Lethality 0 to 6- Conduct trade space analysis and technical assessments regarding effects that fill, neutralize, and clear an intended interior space without destroying structure.- Initiate development of core requirements and systems architectures.- Begin development of Small Unit Lethality critical subsystem technologies.

TT-07 Aeronautics TechnologyControl of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE) 0 to 13- Conduct technology analysis of AFC components and control scheme.- Complete conceptual design.- Perform risk reduction and experimentation.- Initiate preliminary design of technology demonstrator.

CounterSwarmAI 0 to 5- Demonstrate the applicability of artificial intelligence advances in large-scale autonomous system threats.- Initiate research and development in machine learning advances and adversarial games to identify salient swarm attributes.- Establish baseline technology advances needed for counter swarm engagement decisions.

MBT-02 Biologically Based Materials and DevicesExpanding Human Resiliency 0 to 13- Investigate ways to improve methods for interpretation and prediction of microbial interactions and their ability to regulate host function.- Initiate testing of methods to alter chemical production by microbiomes.- Begin longitudinal studies to track host function and behavior with changes in the microbiome.- Begin development of initial microbiome modulation approaches and assess host functional response.

ELT-01 Electronic TechnologyIntelligent Spectroscopic & Temporal Fusion (INSPECT) 0 to 12- Develop preliminary architecture for use with existing broadband imaging hardware.- Develop preliminary algorithms that provide intelligent band selection.- Begin initial design integration using INSPECT framework.

Instinctual RF 0 to 11- Demonstrate new materials, devices and/or circuit architectures that will enable frequency tuning of band pass and band stop filters in chip-scale size for use in next generation multi-function phased arrays.- Demonstrate new materials, devices and/or circuit architectures that will enable cancellation of signal leakage between two adjacent antennas for electronic warfare applications on small platforms.

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5/18/2023Chemical Biological Defense ProgramCB2 Chemical Biological DefenseThreat Agent Sciences 4 to 13- Initiate a framework to quickly analyze emerging biological threats.- Initiate a horizon scanning capability to provide situational awareness in assessing technological convergence that can affect the chemical and biological threat space.- Initiate the assessment of synthetic biological tools and other biotechnology developments that can enhance or alter the threat space.

TM2 Techbase Med Defense Bacterial Therapeutics 11 to 16- Initiate evaluation of the potential of antibody and derivatives to treat intracellular bacterial infection.

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Appendix 3: Abbreviated illustration of a Program Officer Datasheet

Dr. David M. SteppARO, Chief, Materials Sciences Division(919) 549-4329david.m.stepp@us.army.mil

Biosketch:Dr. David Stepp serves as the Chief of the Materials Science Division of the U.S. Army Research Office.   Also, he is Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University. 

EducationPhD in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science from Duke University in 1998 MS in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science from Duke University in 1995BS in Engineering from Harvey Mudd College in 1993

Program: Mechanical Behavior of Materialshttp://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?page=183The Mechanical Behavior of Materials program seeks to establish the fundamental relationships between the structure of materials and their mechanical properties as influenced by composition, processing, environment, and loading conditions. The program emphasizes research to develop innovative new materials with unprecedented mechanical, and other complementary, properties.

Recent MURI Topics:FY11 Flex-Activated MaterialsFY10 Ion Transport in Complex Heterogeneous Organic MaterialsFY09 Tailored Stress-Wave MitigationFY09 Disruptive Fibers for Flexible Armor

Illustrative Papers Reflecting Personal Research Interests:A theory of amorphous viscoelastic solids undergoing finite deformations with application to hydrogels Korchagin Vladimir; Dolbow John; Stepp David International Journal of Solids and Structures 44(11-12), 3973-3997    JUN 1 2007

Damage mitigation in ceramics: Historical developments and future directions in army research Stepp DM Ceramic Transactions 134, 421-428    2002

High-resolution study of water trees grown in silver nitrate solution Stepp, D.,King, J.A., Worrall, J., Thompson, A., and Cooper, D.E.IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 3(3), 392 - 398 1996

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5/18/2023Appendix 4: Acronym and Abbreviation Glossary

Agency SpecificA2/AD Anti Access, Areal DenialAFIRM Armed Forces Institute for Regenerative MedicineAFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAFRL Air Force Research LaboratoriesAMRDEC Aviation and Missile Research and Development Center (Army)AMRMC Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandARDEC Armament Research and Development Center (Army)ARI Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social SciencesARL Army Research LaboratoriesARO Army Research OfficeASBREM Armed Services Biomedical Research and Evaluation and ManagementASSURE Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research ExperiencesBA Budget Activity (new designation for the R&D accounts)BMDS Ballistic Missile Defense SystemBSV Bio SurveillanceBTO Biological Technologies Office (DARPA)C2 Command and ControlC2ISR Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and ReconnaissanceC4ISR Command, Control, Communications, Computers,…CBDP Chemical/Biological Defense ProgramCBRNE Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High ExplosiveCBWD Chemical/Biological Warfare DefenseCCDC Combat Capabilities Development CommandCCRI Cross-cut Research InitiativeCDMRP Congressionally Directed Medical Research ProgramCEMA Cyber Electromagnetic ActivitiesCERDEC Communication-Electronics Research and Development CenterCM Counter MeasuresCNA Computer Network AttackCoE Center of ExcellenceCONOPS Concepts of OperationCOTS Commercial Off-the-Shelf (products)CSI Congressional Special Interest (also known as budget “adds”)CTA Collaborative Technology AllianceCWMD Combating Weapons of Mass DestructionD2D Data to DecisionsDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDDR&E Director, Defense Research and EngineeringDESI Defense Enterprise Science InitiativeDFBA Defense Forensics and Biometrics AgencyDHP Defense Health ProgramDLA Defense Logistics AgencyDMDI Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (an IMI)DMRDP Defense Medical Research and Development ProgramDMS&T Defense Manufacturing Science and TechnologyDTIC Defense Technical Information CenterDTRA Defense Threat Reduction AgencyDURIP Defense University Research Instrumentation ProgramEC Enabling Technologies (at ONR)ECBC Edgewood Chemical and Biological CenterEM Electromagnetic

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5/18/2023EMW Electromagnetic WarfareEO ElectroopticERDC Engineering Research and Development Center, Army Corp of EngineersERS Engineered Resilient SystemsESTCP Environmental Security Technology Certification ProgramEW Electronic WarfareFDW Federal District of Washington (DOD)FNC Future Naval CapabilitiesFPA Focal Plane ArrayGDF Guidance for the Development of the ForceGPS Global Positioning SystemHEL High Energy LaserHSCB Human Social Cultural and Behavior ModelingIED Improvised Explosive DevicesIMI Institute for Manufacturing InnovationINP Innovative Naval PrototypesISR Intelligence, Surveillance and ReconnaissanceLM3I Modern Metals Manufacturing Innovation (an IMI)LUCI Laboratory University Collaboration InitiativeLVC Live, Virtual and Constructive (environments)MDA Missile Defense AgencyMinerva Name of DOD program engaging the social science communityMOVINT The ability to track moving things on land and sea (Movement Intelligence)MTO Microsystems Technology Office (DARPA)MURI Multidisciplinary University Research InitiativeNAMII National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (an IMI)NAWC Naval Air Warfare Centers (Patuxent River-Aircraft Div, China Lake–Weapons Div)NDEP National Defense Education ProgramNDSEG National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipsNMRC Naval Medical Research CenterNPGS or NPS Naval Postgraduate SchoolNRL Naval Research LaboratoryNSRDEC Natick Soldier Research and Development CommandNSSEFF National Security Science and Engineering Faculty FellowshipNSWC Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren and Carderock Divisions)NUWC Naval Undersea Warfare CenterONR Office of Naval ResearchOSD Office of the Secretary of Defense PACOM DOD U.S. Pacific Command PE Program Element – term from DOD budgetingPM Program Manager (same as PO)PNT Positioning, Navigation and TimingPO Program Officer (same as PM)QIS Quantum Information ScienceR&E Research and Engineering Enterprise (DOD Assistant Secretary)R-1 RDT&E Program Budget Summary DocumentRDDS Research and Development Descriptive Summary (R-2 Budget Document)RDECOM Army Research and Development CommandsRIF Rapid Innovation Fund RF RadiofrequencySIGINT Signals IntelligenceSERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development ProgramSOCOM Special Operations CommandSOF Special Operations Forces

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5/18/2023SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare Systems CenterSTO Strategic Technology Office (DARPA)TARDEC Tank-Automotive Research and Development Center (Army)TBI Traumatic Brain InjuryTTCP Technical Cooperation ProgramTTO Tactical Technology Office (DARPA)UARC University Affiliated Research CenterUCAR Unmanned Combat Air RotorUCAV Unmanned Combat Air VehicleUSACE United States Army Corps of EngineersUSAMRMC United States Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandUXV Unmanned (X for ground (G), air (A), sea (S),…) VehiclesWRAIR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

GeneralAI Artificial IntelligenceAMNPO Advanced Manufacturing National Program OfficeAMP Advanced Manufacturing PartnershipASEE American Society for Engineering EducationBAA Broad Agency AnnouncementBRAIN Brain Research through Advancing Innovative NeurotechnologiesCA Congressional addCDC Centers for Disease Control (in DHHS)CFDA Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance NumberCMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (electronics)COE Center of ExcellenceCSI Congressional Special InterestDHS Department of Homeland SecurityDHHS Department of Health and Human ServicesDNI Director of National IntelligenceDOC Department of CommerceDOD Department of DefenseDOE Department of EnergyDOEd Department of Education (alternative)DOI Department of InteriorDOJ Department of JusticeDOS Department of StateDOT Department of TransportationED Department of Education EPA Environmental Protection AgencyEPSCoR Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research FAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFBO Federal Business OpportunityFDA Food and Drug AdministrationFFO Federal Funding OpportunityFFDRC Federally Funded Research and Development CenterFHWA Federal Highway AdministrationFOA Funding Opportunity AnnouncementFY Fiscal Year (1 Oct to 30 Sep for Federal government)GPS Global Positioning SystemHBCU/MI Historically Black Colleges/Universities and Minority Institutions

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5/18/2023IHE Institutions of Higher EducationIMI Institute for Manufacturing InnovationINTEL The various agencies that gather intelligenceIR Infra-RedIT Information TechnologyIWG Interagency Working GroupMAPS Mission Agency Program Summary (provided by USC Res. Adv.)MEMS/NEMS Micro- Nano-ElectroMechanical SystemsMRL Manufacturing Readiness LevelNASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NDI/E Non-Destructive Inspection/EvaluationNIH National Institutes of HealthNIST National Institute for Standards and Technology (in DOC)NNMI National Network for Manufacturing InnovationNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (in DOC)NOFO Notice of Funding OpportunityNRC National Research CouncilNRI Nanoelectronics Research InitiativeNRO National Reconnaissance OfficeNSA National Security AgencyNSF National Science FoundationNSTC National Science and Technology CouncilNTIA National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOMB Office of Management and BudgetOPM Office of Personnel ManagementORAU Oak Ridge Associated UniversitiesOSD Office of the Secretary of DefenseOSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House)PBR President’s Budget Request (submitted to Congress)PCAST President’s Council of Advisors on Science and TechnologyPECASE Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and EngineersPTSD Post-traumatic Stress SyndromeRD&I Research, Development and InnovationRDT&E Research, Development, Test and EvaluationRF Radio-frequencyRFA Request for ApplicationRFP Request for ProposalS&T Science and TechnologySBIR Small Business Innovative ResearchSME Subject Matter ExpertSN Special NoticeSTEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (education)STTR Small Business Technology TransferTBA To be announcedTBI Traumatic Brain InjuryTRL Technology Readiness LevelUARC University Affiliated Research CenterUSDA US Department of AgricultureYIP Young Investigator Program

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