guide to best installation practices of siding hardwood · 2019. 9. 4. · installation best...

Guide to best installation practices

of siding hardwoodof siding hardwood

Short version

Project Managers

Myriam Drouin, specialist support for innovation, Business Intelligence, FPInnovations Nicolas Pearson,

industrial advisor, FPInnovations.

Thanks

The production of this guide was the result of a team effort, several employees took part in its drafting:

Writing :

• Alain Gagnon / Martin Scallon, Ridge Group

• Benoit Schmitt Maibec

• Eric Venne Concept Group PV

• Guy Simard, APCHQ - Quebec Region

• Jean-Luc Ouellette / Alain Lavoie, Juste-du-Pin

• Jean-René Jacob / Pierre Beaudoin, Maxi-Forêt

• Lara Sioui Premium Coating

• Michel Brunet, Goodfellow

• Simon Martin, Fraser Wood Siding

secondary contributors:

• Donia Melanson MEL Innovation

• Julie Côté, Ceiling Paneling & Co. Inc.

Realization of technical drawings:

• Louise Armstrong

• Appalachian Wood Solutions Inc.

funding:

This guide was funded by the niche of excellence Signature Bois Laurentides via the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation, the

Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks of Quebec and Natural Resources Canada.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood

Short version i

Warnings

Although this guide was designed with the greatest possible accuracy, in accordance with the current practice of installing wood siding,

Cecobois is not responsible for any errors or omissions that may arise from the use of this guide. Anyone using this guide fully assumes all

risks and responsibilities.

This guide presents the best manufacturers installation practices. It is complementary to codes and standards and installation guides

manufacturers, but does not replace them nor substitute for it. Therefore it is the duty and responsibility of the installer to consider all

available documentation before performing the work to ensure that the guarantees offered by manufacturers to apply.

Finally, in order to simplify the drawings which illustrate this guide does not represent all construction details required to comply with the

requirements of codes and standards.

mention

This version of the installation Best Practices Guide of the exterior cladding Solid wood is a shortened version. The full version of the guide

can be obtained from FPInnovations (www.fpinnovations.ca). Cecobois worked for the layout and publication of this guide.


Short versionii


Short version iii

Contents

Project Managers i

Thanks i

Warnings ii

mention ii

Contents iii

1. Preparation 1

1.1 Receipt and storage of material on site 1

1.2 Materials Required 2

1.3 Recovery and fixes to the wall 2

1.4 Furs 3

1.5 Outline of the openings 5

1.6 Junctions with other coatings 7

2. Installation 9

2.1 Clearances 9

2.2 ventilation openings 9

2.3 Arrangement of lengths and butt joints 13

2.4 Cups 14

2.5 Alterations 15

2.6 coating Fixing 16

2.7 Coating Exposure 19

2.8 Caulk 21

3. Maintenance 23

3.1 Cleaning 23

3.2 Minor fixes 23

4. References 24


Short versioniv


Short version 1 Short version 1

1.1 Receipt and storage of material on

site

Good practices pose exterior wood coating lies begin with a

reception and proper storage of equipment. Upon receipt, an

inspection is required. The customer must ensure that the product

corresponds well sponds to the model, color and quantity ordered. If

the coating is delivered damaged, it should not be installed. The

alteration of the packaging should get your attention. When a

problem is found, it must immediately contact the supplier. The

manufacturer or supplier of coating is usually not required to replace

a damaged coating once it has been installed or altered in any way

whatsoever.

It is recommended to proceed as quickly as possible to install the

siding after its receipt in order to prevent the risk of variation in

moisture content of the product, which would result in warping

boards or varying dimensions. Optimum storage conditions are your

best ally to maintain the quality and stability of your siding, and, of

receiving up his pose.

The coating must be stored in a location where it will retain its initial

state, i.e. a dry and ventilated space, unheated, on a flat, dry surface

and at a distance of 6 inches (15 cm) from the floor to allow

ventilation under the package ( Figure 1).ventilation under the package ( Figure 1).

The perfect example is a carport with sides open or gazebo. When

such a place is available, the package can remain open during the

work. Otherwise, keep permanently the fabric supplied by the

manufacturer on the package, provided that it retains its sealing,

otherwise it must be replaced by an equivalent new canvas. It is also

required to keep the plastic film between the boards to prevent

them from sticking on each other. Whether or not in a suitable

shelter, the coating remaining end of the day must be protected and

at least covered with the canvas provided by the manufacturer.

Preparation 1

FIGURE 1 • Coating site storageFIGURE 1 • Coating site storageFIGURE 1 • Coating site storage


Short version2

1.2 Materials Required

Before starting work on site, the person responsible must ensure to

have at its disposal all the hardware required for installation. The list

below shows the main requirements:

Coating and molding

• good color

• good profile

• Sufficient

finishing product for retouching (provided by the coating

manufacturer)

• good color

• Sufficient

Installation Accessories

• metal starter strips

• metal moldings for high walls or nets

• Mosquito

• Staples and / or nails recommended by the

manufacturer

Tools

• Nailer or pneumatic stapler

1) coating, 2) the moldings (if required)

• Compressors with sufficient capacity to supply air to

pneumatic equipment

• Laser level

• manual level

• Miter saw

• Saw around

• Blade finish

• Brake slitting (to manufacture flashings)

• Hammer

• hammerhead plastic tip

• Slitting chisel

• end or brush applicator

1.3 Recovery and fixes to the wall

To ensure proper installation, the wall covering must have a good

general flatness. Important differences in flatness between two or

more adjacent furs deform the wall covering and the resulting waves

will sometimes facili- LEMENT visible depending on the incidence of

light. Important waves also risk too compelling fastening systems to

maintain the liner in place. Corrections are recommended when the

wobble amplitude is exceeded 5 mm (0.2 in) of a fur from the two

adjacent furs ( Figure 2).adjacent furs ( Figure 2).

The installer must check that the flashing and the front weathering

are present, they are installed in accordance with applicable codes

and the installation meets the requirements of the manufacturer.

Recall that the purpose of the weather barrier and flashing is to

discharge water to the outside. A failure may cause water infiltration

and premature deterioration of the wall. Flashing seal the building

between two different types of components. The installer must

ensure that the necessary flashings are made properly ( Figure 3) according ensure that the necessary flashings are made properly ( Figure 3) according ensure that the necessary flashings are made properly ( Figure 3) according

to the codes and standards, and are present at the following

appropriate places:

• Openings (doors and windows)

• Wall / roof

• Fireplace

• Transition with another type of coating or surface

- 5 mm

FIGURE 2 • Ripple amplitude of a fur from the two adjacent fur Solin and FIGURE 2 • Ripple amplitude of a fur from the two adjacent fur Solin and FIGURE 2 • Ripple amplitude of a fur from the two adjacent fur Solin and

weather barrier)



1.4 Furs

For proper maintenance of a laughing exté- solid wood coating, it is

important to put in place the necessary furs. The size of the fur, their

arrangement and their spacing depend principally used the coating

profile (width, thickness) and the orientation of the surround strips

(horizontal, vertical, diagonal). When it comes to remodeling, it is

required to replace the furs place if they are damaged, in whole or in

part as appropriate.

1.4.1 Types of Fur

The furs are commonly used in wood: pine slats, jack pine, spruce

(SPF) or marine grade plywood of the same size. The coating is then

nailed or stapled to the fur. In some commercial or institutional

facilities tional, metal fur, for example, galvanized steel, Z-profile or

Omega, are sometimes used. In this case, it is required to add a

background wooden nailing as described above.

1.4.2 Dimensions and arrangement of

fur

In residential and commercial construction, the pro- rure commonly

used is 25 mm (1 inch) x 76 mm (3 in) on the market. Some

conditions are more severe than others and neces- sitent a thicker or

wider nailing base, for example, in the presence of large profiles,

dark shades and / or highly exposed to the sun faces.

All furs must be securely fixed to the building structure. So that the

cavity is drained and ventilated effectively, only the vertical strapping

are accepted directly on the weather barrier to 407 mm (16 inches)

(center to center). The best practices are therefore to install furs as

the main installation methods presented the following figures.

FIGURE 3 • flashings specifications for the openings (Source: APCHQ)FIGURE 3 • flashings specifications for the openings (Source: APCHQ)FIGURE 3 • flashings specifications for the openings (Source: APCHQ)

STOP END

Minimum 25 mm

(About 1 inch)

projection

Minimum 5 mm

(about 3/16 in)(about 3/16 in)(about 3/16 in)

VERTICAL COVER

Minimum 10 mm

(about 3/8 in)(about 3/8 in)(about 3/8 in)

Go minimum 50 mm (about 2

inches) below the

intermediate coating

membrane

6% slope

outwardly

FIGURE 4 • Provision furs for the horizontal coatingFIGURE 4 • Provision furs for the horizontal coatingFIGURE 4 • Provision furs for the horizontal coating

16 "C / C

Lack Image

High-Resolution


Short version4

1.4.3 Surface coating over 6 meters high

The dimensions and spacing of the presented above furs prevail for

the walls of a maximum tor heights of 6 meters. If the coating plan

area exceeds this height, to ensure effective ventilation must:

• Or further increase the thickness of rures pro- and opening at

the top and bottom walls;

• Or compartmentalize, interrupting and expul- sant the air

space by integrating new openings and air outlets in each

wall section (up to 6 meters). Refer to Figure 16 to see the

impact on the pro- rures the cutoff of the air gap at the

second floor.

1.4.4 Fixing fur

The furs must be securely fastened to the wall ossa- ture. It is

recommended that the fixing nètre pe- solid frame of at least 32 mm

(1 ¼ inch) deep. According to the manufacture of the wall and the

existing energy efficiency standard for the building envelope, it is

now common for adding insulation on the outside walls. Fastener

lengths must be adjusted accordingly so that they penetrate at least

32 mm (1 ¼ inches) in the backbone.

The type recommended fixing is twisted nail retsina. Two (2) studs

are installed furs bits then a nail (1) every 304 mm (12 inches) of

vertical space. For installation modes that require dual lathing,

second in furs requires two (2) nails to fur pieces and also two (2)

nails every fur in the front row (16 inches - 407 mm).

FIGURE 5 • Provision for vertical fur coatingFIGURE 5 • Provision for vertical fur coatingFIGURE 5 • Provision for vertical fur coating

16 "C / C 16 "C / C

FIGURE 6 • Disposition fur coating for diagonalFIGURE 6 • Disposition fur coating for diagonalFIGURE 6 • Disposition fur coating for diagonal

16 "C / C

1

2

"C

/ C

1

2

"C

/ C

16 "C

/ C

OR 1

6 "C

/ C

OR 1

6 "C

/ C



1.4.5 Characteristics of the facility

When the outside of the wall is flush with the foundation, it is

recommended that the furs re- cover the foundation of at least 25

mm (1 inch). If the wall is recessed relative to the foundation, or

when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design

recommendation mendations.

1.4.6 Protective barriers

The presence fur allows the creation of a ventilated cavity between

the wall and the coating. The presence of this cavity, or air knife is

essential because it allows the discharge of water, moisture and heat

that could otherwise accumulate there. Thus, it is essential to open

this cavity, the top and bottom walls as well as openings, to ensure a

good air circulation in the cavity. These openings must at all times

remain free of caulk or other material obstructing the air flow.

The F42 functional statement of the National Building Code (NBC)

stipulates that the building must resist the intrusion of harmful

animals and insects (NRC,

2012). Thus, it is recommended to install, bottom and top walls,

ventilation components (molding, fly, etc.) to prevent rodents and

insects to lodge lies behind the coating (anti-fence rodent or metal

screen) ( Figure 7). Some manufacturers offer metal moldings that screen) ( Figure 7). Some manufacturers offer metal moldings that screen) ( Figure 7). Some manufacturers offer metal moldings that

offer this protection. NOTES:

• Avoid installing a horizontal fur at the bottom and top of the

wall, as it will prevent proper ventilation and free drainage.

• To meet Code requirements, it must also prevent the air layer

is contiguous to the roof construction under vacuum 1.is contiguous to the roof construction under vacuum 1.

So that ventilation is optimal, the rear cavity must have minimum

dimensions. It is generally recommended that the open area of the

rear cavity is at least 10 mm ( 3/8 in). The size and position dis- fur and rear cavity is at least 10 mm ( 3/8 in). The size and position dis- fur and rear cavity is at least 10 mm ( 3/8 in). The size and position dis- fur and

the percentage of aeration tion of the installed ventilation component

(molding, fly, etc.) determines that dimension.

1.5 Outline of the openings

Before installing the fur and / or moldings to the contours of the

openings (doors, windows, conduits, etc.), it is necessary to ensure

the continuity of the tightness of the weather barrier membrane to

block the infiltration of water in the wall structure. Second, we must

ask metal flashing on top of all windows and doors to put per-

dripping water. The weather barrier should overlap the flashing 2 in.

Fur must leave a gap of about 25 mm (1 inch) above the horizontal

portion of the flashing so as to not be visible once the covering

installed. then installs the fur making sure not to press directly on the

framing of the opening date to allow water drainage and easy

installation or replacement of openness. Figure 8):installation or replacement of openness. Figure 8):

• 25 mm (1 inch) above the opening, either above the

flashing

• 12 mm (½ inch) on the sides of the opening

• 12 mm (½ inch) below the opening

1 https://www.garantiegcr.com/fr/echo-gcr/protection-minimale-contre-les-infiltrations-de-precipitations/1 https://www.garantiegcr.com/fr/echo-gcr/protection-minimale-contre-les-infiltrations-de-precipitations/

FIGURE 7 • Protective barriers at the top and bottom walls FIGURE 7 • Protective barriers at the top and bottom walls FIGURE 7 • Protective barriers at the top and bottom walls

Toasting anti-rodent Mosquito horizontal fur at the top and bottom of

the wall to be avoided


Short version6

FIGURE 8 • Preparing walls contour openings (without moldings) Ventilation ComponentFIGURE 8 • Preparing walls contour openings (without moldings) Ventilation ComponentFIGURE 8 • Preparing walls contour openings (without moldings) Ventilation Component

Ventilation Component

25 mm (1 ")

12 mm ( 1/2 ")12 mm ( 1/2 ")

12 mm ( 1/2 ")12 mm ( 1/2 ")

12 mm ( 1/2 ")12 mm ( 1/2 ")

Solin

a) Front View

b) Cross-section

visor weather Fur



Solin

25 mm (1

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

Solin

Coating

Weather Barrier

Fur



In the case where the moldings are installed to the frame openings, the flashing is placed over the molding from above, but the same

arrangement of fur applies ( Figure 9).arrangement of fur applies ( Figure 9).

1.6 Junctions with other coatings

It regularly happens that the walls of a house are covered by more

than one type of coating. It is not uncommon for example a solid

wood coating is accompanied by a low wall masonry, screwed stone

or imitation stone. The principles to be observed here are set up

flashing necessary for water drainage and to arrange an opening

above the flashings for ventilation and drainage. At the junction of

two coatings, the clearance between the coating and the flashing will

be, depending on the width of the projecting member, minimally 10

mm ( 3/8 in). For elements projecting large widths, the spacing may be mm ( 3/8 in). For elements projecting large widths, the spacing may be mm ( 3/8 in). For elements projecting large widths, the spacing may be

increased to 25 mm (1 inch).

1.6.1 masonry Muret

Generally, a stone sill is installed above a masonry wall. We must

then ask for flashing dripping water. The top of the flashing should be

under the weather barrier and under the furs. Fur must leave a space

of 38 mm (1 ½ inches) above the horizontal portion of the flashing. In

this case, the flashing just sit on the sill and caulking is applied to

prevent water seepage under the flashing. Depending on the

thickness of the masonry, a clearance of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) to 25 mm thickness of the masonry, a clearance of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) to 25 mm thickness of the masonry, a clearance of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) to 25 mm

(1 inch) between the covering and the flashing will be retained. To

encourage good ventilation and good drainage, wood should not be

in contact with the flat surface of the flashing. Therefore, no caulking

should be applied to the junction between the flashing and wood

siding.

FIGURE 9 • Preparation of the walls to the contour openings (with moldings)FIGURE 9 • Preparation of the walls to the contour openings (with moldings)FIGURE 9 • Preparation of the walls to the contour openings (with moldings)

Weather BarrierFur


Ventilation Component Solin

Decorative Molding

Decorative molding Solin

Solin

Coating

Weather Barrier

Fur

25 mm (1

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

(3 mm 1/8 (3 mm 1/8

")


Short version8

1.6.2 Any other material with

ventilated air space

For other covering with air gap sufficiently ventilated (open space of

at least 10 mm ( 3/8 inch) continuous), only one transition flashing at least 10 mm ( 3/8 inch) continuous), only one transition flashing at least 10 mm ( 3/8 inch) continuous), only one transition flashing

is necessary ( Figure 11). Since this coating section keeps the is necessary ( Figure 11). Since this coating section keeps the is necessary ( Figure 11). Since this coating section keeps the

continuity of the ventilation, it is included in the maximum 6 meters of

road surface height (section 2.2.1).

FIGURE 10 • Preparing walls at the junction of a masonry wallFIGURE 10 • Preparing walls at the junction of a masonry wallFIGURE 10 • Preparing walls at the junction of a masonry wall

Weather Barrier

Fur

Coating


Solin

Brick

Concrete

Tablet

38 mm (1

1/2 ")

38 mm (1

")

FIGURE 11 • Preparing walls at the junction of a screwed stone wall (or imitation stones) FIGURE 11 • Preparing walls at the junction of a screwed stone wall (or imitation stones) FIGURE 11 • Preparing walls at the junction of a screwed stone wall (or imitation stones)

Weather Barrier

Fur

Coating


Peter screwed

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

Solin



2.1 Clearances

Exterior wood coating must meet the following minimum distances to

the underlying surface to avoid deterioration in the presence of

moisture or water in the vicinity:

• 203 mm (8 inches) from the ground

• 51 mm (2 inches) relative to an inclined roof covering

• 203 mm (8 inches) in relation to a flat roofing

• 51 mm (2 in) compared to a patio

• 25 mm (1 inch) compared to tablets In situations where it is

difficult to meet these clearances, the responsibility tor returns to the

conceptual or building contractor to adapt the design and installation

to achieve the same objective by other means.

2.2 ventilation openings

2.2.1 Openings for conversion

As described above, the best practice recommends setting up

openings in the top and bottom walls, which openings communicate

directly with the back cavity. These openings are crucial for draining

water, moisture and heat which could accumulate behind the coating.

On a foundation wall, which is normally aligned on the wall, this

openness does not apply because the cavity is directly exposed. By

cons, if the foundation protrudes from the wall outwardly, a flashing

must be installed and an aperture of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) should be must be installed and an aperture of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) should be must be installed and an aperture of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) should be

established between the coating and the flashing ( Figure 13).established between the coating and the flashing ( Figure 13).

2 installation

FIGURE 12 • Releasing the coating to water and wetlands 8 ' FIGURE 12 • Releasing the coating to water and wetlands 8 ' FIGURE 12 • Releasing the coating to water and wetlands 8 '

2 ' 2 '


Short version10

FIGURE 13 • Bottom opening wallsFIGURE 13 • Bottom opening wallsFIGURE 13 • Bottom opening walls

Weather Barrier

Fur

Coating

Solin


b) projecting from the foundation wall

Weather Barrier

Fur

Coating


a) Foundation flush with the wall

Top of the wall, the minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) of free open- ture Top of the wall, the minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) of free open- ture Top of the wall, the minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) of free open- ture

(free of obstructions) also applies between the coating and the roof,

but its realization will be different according to the type of roof. It is

important to mention the requirement of CNB (NRC,

2015) or cutting off the contiguity between the rear cavity and the

under-roof space. Several solutions are possible, including the two

examples presented in figures 14 and 15.examples presented in figures 14 and 15.examples presented in figures 14 and 15.examples presented in figures 14 and 15.

8 '

8 '

25 mm (1

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

25

m

m (1

")

10 m

m ( 3

/8

10 m

m ( 3

/8

")



FIGURE 14 • Opening the top of the walls with and without overhangFIGURE 14 • Opening the top of the walls with and without overhangFIGURE 14 • Opening the top of the walls with and without overhang

Weather Barrier

Coating

Coating

Fur

Solin

Solin

Ventilation

Component

FurWeather Barrier

Note:

Flashing 2 "x2" (51x51 mm) is an example of means for cutting the continguité

between the rear cavity of the covering and vacuum-roof. Other means may be valid.

Please refer to the responsible authorities.

Coating

Perforated

soffit fascia

Solin 2 "x2"

(51x51 mm)

Ventilation

Component

a) With eaves

b) Without eave

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

Roof tru

ss

Roof T

russ


Short version12

FIGURE 15 • Opening the top of a gable FIGURE 15 • Opening the top of a gable FIGURE 15 • Opening the top of a gable

Second, recall that for a wall whose surface plane is more than 6

meters, it is required to cross the air gap by free openings of 10 mm (

3/8 in), as shown in Figure 16.3/8 in), as shown in Figure 16.3/8 in), as shown in Figure 16.

Alternatively, the thickness of the drainage cavity and

ventilation should be increased to compensate for a greater volume

of air to be ventilated. It is suggested to position the cut at the floor

belts.

perforated soffit

fascia

Fur

Roof

Weather Barrier

Coating


a) In horizontal coating

Flashing 2 "x2"

(51x51 mm)

perforated soffit

fascia

Fur

Roof

Weather Barrier

Coating


b) vertical siding

Flashing 2 "x2"

(51x51 mm)

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")



2.2.2 Open area of the rear cavity of

the coating

The open area of the rear cavity depends on the thickness of the

fur, the spacing of furs and ventilation of the ventilation component

(move- lure, fly, etc.). Components of ventilation whose perforations

(quantities and dimensions) allow free passage of air and which are

equivalent to a free space open for a minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 in) equivalent to a free space open for a minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 in) equivalent to a free space open for a minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 in)

continuous, top and bottom walls, assu- reront respect the minimum

open area for the majority of situations batten walls. These vertures

or- must not be obstructed by the trating calfeu- or any other matter

that could affect the passage of air.

2.3 Arrangement of lengths and butt joints

To achieve a natural effect and distribute the effects of shrinkage or

longitudinal expansion potential, it is preferable to vary the board

lengths and distributing the butt joints on the wall to prevent them

from being aligned. We must therefore plan the distribution lengths

on the wall as follows:

• Distribute the boards so as to limit the number of

joints on the wall

• Placing the lengths depending on the length of the spaces to

be covered to minimize the number of cuts

• Whenever possible, avoid seals over the openings to limit the

potential seepage points

FIGURE 16 • Interruption of the air gap for coating surfaces exceeding 6 m in height FIGURE 16 • Interruption of the air gap for coating surfaces exceeding 6 m in height FIGURE 16 • Interruption of the air gap for coating surfaces exceeding 6 m in height

Fur

Solin

Weather Barrier

Coating


10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")

10 mm ( 3/8 10 mm ( 3/8

")


Short version14

• It is recommended not to put two plates of 12 ft (3.66 m)

to 16 ft (4.88 m) butt

• It is recommended to insert shorter lengths between the

long boards

• A vertical transition molding, wood or metal, is necessary if

it is desired to make wall sections fixed lengths

Layout of non tongue and groove cladding

In the case of coating not tongue and groove, it is required to align

the seals on the fur in order to firmly secure the ends of the surround

strips against each other.

Tongue and groove arrangement of the coating (seal

arrangement lost)

Many manufacturers now offer coating plates whose ends are

profiled groove and tongue (tongue and groove). This maximizes the

use of wood and lengths in an assembly called "joint Lost" and

facilitates the random distribution of butt joints on the wall.

2.4 Cups

2.4.1 How to make the cuts

For a quality cut, use a finishing blade. Regular cutting blades tend to

perform non smooth rough cuts.

Cup abutment:

It is recommended to make butting cuts angle of 22.5 °, compared

with a 90 ° cut, made for a higher quality and to avoid seeing through

the joint event shrinkage of wood. The angle of 22.5 ° is suggested to

prevent fraying or breakage after the cut, with respect to a 45 ° cut. It

is not necessary to provide a space, because the tips must be

supported on each other.

In the case of parts installed vertically, moldings, coatings, etc., it is

imperative to make a cut with an angle favoring the drainage of water

outwardly.

In the case of parts laid horizontally, it is suggested to make a cut

with an angle will be directed to the least visible side of the building.

As will be specified in section 2.5, it is important to apply a finishing

product to the ends of the parts before installation.

junction Cup:

When a cut should be made to define an area or an opening, it is

recommended to make 90 ° angle cuts while providing a clearance of

about 3 mm ( 1/8 inches) in length to allow movement of the wood. about 3 mm ( 1/8 inches) in length to allow movement of the wood. about 3 mm ( 1/8 inches) in length to allow movement of the wood.

This spacing will be covered by a sealant (section 2.8). For outside

corners of wall, 45 ° cut is avoided delimitation of outer corner

because the movements of the wood over time Just let RONT

appear openings for water infiltration. Rather, it is recommended to

use outside corner moldings.

In the case of using metal-lic corner moldings, the same spacing and

caulking precautions apply.

FIGURE 17 • Arrangement of lengths and joints FIGURE 17 • Arrangement of lengths and joints FIGURE 17 • Arrangement of lengths and joints



2.4.2 Defects removed before installing

The wood contains character brands that enhance its aesthetic

value. It is in the light of these characteristics a pre Repair work is

done in the factory, following strict quality and well detailed criteria to

remove the deficiencies which may let in water in the coating.

Despite this, some anomalies can be found in the final product.

Additionally, transportation and handling can cause breakage.

Therefore, it is the customer or installer to provide a percentage loss

for any mate- riau to cut, and make a final check of the boards prior

to installation. On the other hand, it may happen that a customer or

installer wants to remove some brands of character, in whole or in

part, for a more consistent, streamlined.

2.5 Alterations

2.5.1 Why and how do retouching

During installation, alteration of surface finish, such as cuts or laying

bindings, can cause water infiltration and degrade the product.

Wherever wood is exposed, it must be protected against potential

damage by reapplying sufficient quantity of the finishing product. The

goal of retouching is to seal the exposed parts must finish using the

product supplied or recommended by the manufacturer. minimally

must apply a layer of quantity sufficient to saturate the pores. A

second layer may be desirable in some cases. The alterations must

be made using a pin- CWater or size applicator comparable to

retouching to perform. It is important not to reapply product

retouching over the finish up for not altering the appearance. For

example, during an apparent rents nails installation, the head of the

bare nails must be touched to the tip of the brush without overflowing

the woods around.

2.5.2 Application conditions

As the purpose of retouching is to seal parts of bare wood, it is

essential that the conditions allow the product to penetrate the wood.

For this, the wood and finishing product must be at a suitable

temperature such that the viscosity of the finished product is optimal.

In this, the coating manufacturers refer to their manufacture cant

finishing products and it is usually a temperature above 10 ° C.

FIGURE 18 • Cut to be made to butt joints and junction FIGURE 18 • Cut to be made to butt joints and junction FIGURE 18 • Cut to be made to butt joints and junction

Fur furs

horizontal coating

horizontal coating

Cup 22.5 º - tips supported Cup 22.5 º - tips supported Cup 22.5 º - tips supported Cup 22.5 º - tips supported Cup 90 ºCup 90 º

Spacing (3 mm 1/8 ") and caulking Spacing (3 mm 1/8 ") and caulking Spacing (3 mm 1/8 ") and caulking

Molding wedge or

framing

Wall structure Wall structure

Cup abutting junction Cup

FIGURE 19 • Final inspection to be done by the installer FIGURE 19 • Final inspection to be done by the installer FIGURE 19 • Final inspection to be done by the installer


Short version16

When two layers are required, it is necessary that the first coat to dry

before applying the second, unless otherwise specified by the

manufacturer of the finishing product.

It is important to protect the product against freezing retouching

before and during use to avoid changing its properties.

2.6 coating Fixing

2.6.1 Types of fixing

Nail

The type of fixing recommended for installation of the coating

exposed to fasteners as well as move- burns is the nail. The

specifications are:

• For cedar siding: nails made of stainless steel 304 (or 316

for coastal regions) only

• For other species: nails made of stainless steel 304 (or 316

for coastal areas) or galvanized hot dip

• ringed body

• Flathead and textured 1/4 inches in diameter.Flathead and textured 1/4 inches in diameter.Flathead and textured 1/4 inches in diameter.

• Minimum length:

o 51 mm (2 in) minimum for coating

and moldings of 19 mm ( 3/4 inch) or less thick. o 64 mm and moldings of 19 mm ( 3/4 inch) or less thick. o 64 mm and moldings of 19 mm ( 3/4 inch) or less thick. o 64 mm

(2 1/2 inch) minimum for coating(2 1/2 inch) minimum for coating(2 1/2 inch) minimum for coating

ment and 32 mm beads (1 1/4 inch) or less thick. o For ment and 32 mm beads (1 1/4 inch) or less thick. o For ment and 32 mm beads (1 1/4 inch) or less thick. o For

thicker moldings and coatings,

refer to the recommendations of the manu- biller.

It is prohibited to use mild steel fasteners unprotected against

corrosion because rust will stain the coating surface finish and

compromise the integrity of the binding.

Clip

For coating with no visible fasteners (interlocking grooves and

tongues system), the use of the clip is recommended for all fasteners

are concealed. The specifications are:

• For cedar siding: staple made from stainless steel 304 (or

316 for coastal regions) only

• For other species: staples made of stainless steel 304 (or

316 for coastal areas) or galvanized steel

• Caliber: 16

• Minimum width: 11 mm ring ( 7/16 in)Minimum width: 11 mm ring ( 7/16 in)Minimum width: 11 mm ring ( 7/16 in)

• Minimum length: 51 mm (2 in)

• resinated

FIGURE 20 • Application of retouching FIGURE 20 • Application of retouching FIGURE 20 • Application of retouching



However, some fasteners may be dissimu- Lées when laying a

coating without visible fixings: coating plates whose interlocking sys-

tem has been cut or where the stapler can not access. The highlight

described above provided by the manufacturer can be used in

particular in the following situations:

• Starter Course at the bottom of the wall

• coating board above an opening (window or door)

• coating board under a window

• Coverboard coating the top of the wall

2.6.2 anchorage depth

Article 9.27.5.7.2) of the National Building Code (NRC, 2015) states

that for optimum performance of the coating, fasteners must cross

furs or penetrate at least 25 mm (1 in) in a solid backing. This nailing

base may be composed of a combination of a fur and solid wood

(OSB, plywood, CLT). Calculating the depth of penetration into the

backing to consider the thickness of the coating installed and the

angle of incidence.

For the majority of 19 mm coverings ( 3/4 inch) thick or less, a staple of For the majority of 19 mm coverings ( 3/4 inch) thick or less, a staple of For the majority of 19 mm coverings ( 3/4 inch) thick or less, a staple of

51 mm (2 inches) in length, placed at an incident angle between 20

and 30 degrees will pass through the fur as specified in the National

Building Code of Canada (NRC, 2015) . Similarly, insertion of a nail

of 51 mm (2 inches) in length at a right angle (90 degrees) on a

coating of varying thickness lies between 19 and 25 mm ( 3/4 and 1 coating of varying thickness lies between 19 and 25 mm ( 3/4 and 1 coating of varying thickness lies between 19 and 25 mm ( 3/4 and 1

inch), completely cross the fur.

The corner moldings and framing whose thickness is 32 mm (1 ¼

inches) and the attached cover ne- cessitent using a nail of 64 mm (2

½ inches) minimum, which will through the fur.

2.6.3 Positioning of fasteners

Coating with no visible fasteners

For coating with no visible fasteners, the bottom boards is

maintained by fitting in the plate beneath. By against the top of the

board to be fixed with two fasteners by fur. To this end, many

manufacturers indicate a staple line on their profiles. If this line is not

present, the clip should be positioned to be covered by the board

from above and insé- GetMap the angle of incidence required to

cross the board throughout its thickness, not just in the upper tongue.

It is necessary to use two clips per pelt with a recommended spacing

of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some

manufacturers also offer an adaptable guide certain commercial

staplers, to ensure the proper position and mounting angle.

a) Line stapling

horizontal coating

Clip # 1

3/4 "

Clip # 2

vertical fur

b) hidden by the plate of the above

Positioning

the clip

FIGURE 21 • Point fixing staples on coatings FIGURE 21 • Point fixing staples on coatings FIGURE 21 • Point fixing staples on coatings


Short version18

Exposed fasteners coating (head nails)

The coating exposed fasteners whose width varies between 100 and

152 mm (4 and 6 inches) must be nailed to about 25 mm (1 inch)

from the bottom of the surround strips comprised of one fastener (1

nail) by fur. The highlight has to pass through the coating in its full

thickness and be far enough from the lower lip to prevent its bursting.

When the coating has a width of 203 mm (8 inches) and a second

fixation is minimally required. So there are two nails to a minimum by

ironing on each fur.

Refer to manufacturer installation guide for details on the number

and positioning of attachments for different types of profiles.

For molding, only one point of attachment is recommended for widths

less than 51 mm (2 inches), while two attachment points are required

for widths greater than 51 mm (2 inches), each point being located at

about 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) from the shore. Ideally, for all widths, the about 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) from the shore. Ideally, for all widths, the about 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) from the shore. Ideally, for all widths, the

fastening points are spaced 407 mm (16 inches) or less.

For optimum performance of the coating, it is important to follow

these instructions:

• Penetration of the head (or crown) The head nails or staples

wheelbase is well rely on wood and does not penetrate the surface,

because the perforation becomes a water infiltration point and

weakens the holding of the board.

• While supporting the coating plate before fixing.

• Avoid stapling or nailing too close to the banks to prevent the

wood broke.

• Sometimes it is ideal for coating pre-drill to fasten the

boards when the binding is too close to the shore or end.

a) coating 100 and 152 mm (4 to 6 inches)

b) coating of 203 mm (8 inches) and ± 25 mm (1

inch)

± 75 mm (3 inches)

± 25 mm (1 inch)

FIGURE 22 • Fixing points nails on coatings (Source:) FIGURE 22 • Fixing points nails on coatings (Source:) FIGURE 22 • Fixing points nails on coatings (Source:)

51 mm and -

(2 in)

25 mm -

(1 inch)

25 mm -

(1 inch)

51 mm and +

(2 in)

19 mm ( 3/4 inches) 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) 19 mm ( 3/4 inches)

19 mm ( 3/4 in)19 mm ( 3/4 in)19 mm ( 3/4 in)

FIGURE 23 • Fixing points of the nails on the moldings adequate Laying a FIGURE 23 • Fixing points of the nails on the moldings adequate Laying a FIGURE 23 • Fixing points of the nails on the moldings adequate Laying a

fixing



2.7 Coating Exposure

2.7.1 Installing a horizontal coating

1- With a laser level, locating the reference line

to cover the lowest point from the walls to be coated.

2. Mark the reference line on all

perimeter of the building and reproduce high on the wall as a

reference during the installation of cladding boards. If the

building has more than one floor, extend the reference line as

and installation. 3-

Install the inside and outside corner moldings aligning

their base on the reference line.

Note: Some installers will prefer to temporary parts instead of

permanent moldings to be installed at the end.

4- Install framing moldings (doors, windows, etc.). 5-

Install all necessary flashings (Section 1.4). 6. For each of

the wall sections to be coated,

provide for the distribution boards according to the board

lengths available. This will allow you to minimize losses and

get a more aesthetic result (Section 2.3).

Bottom of the wall and starter course

7a - With wire mesh ventilated:

1- Install the wire mesh on all

walls to be coated in the line of reference, ensuring

that it overlaps the concrete soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure that it overlaps the concrete soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure

13).

2- Ask the forefront of coating

the pressing in the metal molding and orienting the male

tongue and groove upwards. 7b - Without starting metal mesh

ventilated:

1- Using a stapler, install the mosquito

quaire by inserting it in furs and folding it over. 2- Install

the first board coating

along the reference line. 3- cladding board must overlap

concrete soiling of 25 mm (1 inch). 7c - With

horizontal wood finish molding:

1- Install the net or mesh metal-

lic ventilation as described above by inserting it under

fur and by folding over. 2- Install the wood finish molding

hori-

zontal along the reference line. The molding must

overlap the concrete soiling of 1 inch (25 mm). 3-

Install flashing to protect the surface

plane of the finish molding in a horizontal timber. Be

sure to leave a clearance of 10 mm (3/8 inch) between

the horizontal surface of the flashing and the ends of

the vertical boards. This clearance must be free of caulk

or other obstructing matter. Refer to the moldings on the

top openings ( Figure 9).top openings ( Figure 9).

8. Mark the corners of the walls adjacent to all

4th row, and so on until the top of the wall. These brands

will ensure you align the ranks of a wall to another.

a) Nails b) Staples

FIGURE 24 • Fastener penetration FIGURE 24 • Fastener penetration FIGURE 24 • Fastener penetration


Short version20

Once the starting grid and the first row installed at all on the walls,

wall by wall proceed: 9

Install the following 3 ranks.

10- Check the level relative to the reference line

and adjust as needed.

11. Note: If need adjustment, distribute the correction

tion to the following 4 ranks. Never correction in a single

row. 12- proceed well by batch of 4 rows by checking

level for each lot.

Top wall

13. Install a device for breaking the

contiguity between the air knife and the attic. See Section 3.2,

the Figure 14 and the manufacturers installation guides for the Figure 14 and the manufacturers installation guides for the Figure 14 and the manufacturers installation guides for

details.

14- Install wire mesh ventilated

or the net.

15. Cut the last board coating

across the width to maintain a clear opening of 10 mm at the

top of the wall. Use nails to secure the top of the coating blade.

16. Note: It is possible to add a trim

(Mesh) metal or wood finish to close this opening if desired.

17. Install a drip edge finishing (flashing) for cutting

the rainwater infiltration if the overhang is less than four

times the opening area ( Figure 14).times the opening area ( Figure 14).

18. Note: as recommended opening

10 mm ( 3/8 inch), a drip edge finish is required if the 10 mm ( 3/8 inch), a drip edge finish is required if the 10 mm ( 3/8 inch), a drip edge finish is required if the

overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2 in). 19. Complete the overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2 in). 19. Complete the overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2 in). 19. Complete the

other walls.

20- Perform edits and apply caulk

where appropriate (sections 2.5 and 2.8).

2.7.2 Installing a vertical coating

(tongue and groove or

recovery)

1- With a laser level, locating the reference line

to cover the lowest point from the walls to be coated.

2. Mark the reference line on all

the perimeter of the building. 3-

Install the inside and outside corner moldings aligning

their base on the reference line.

4- Install framing moldings (doors, windows, etc.). 5-

Install all necessary flashings (Section 1.4). 6. For each of

the wall sections to be coated,

provide for the distribution boards according to the board

lengths available. This will allow you to minimize losses and

get a more aesthetic result (Section 2.3).

7- On the lowest horizontal and fur

a fur 2/3 height of the section to be coated, mark check

alignment, all four rows.

Down the wall

8a With starting metal mesh ventilated:

Install metal starting grid on all walls to be coated following

the reference line, making sure it overlaps the concrete

soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure 13).soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure 13).

8b Without starting metal mesh ventilated:

Using a stapler, install the mosquito by inserting it in furs and

folding it over.

8c With horizontal wood finish molding:

1- Install the net or mesh metal-

lic ventilation as described above by inserting it under

fur and by folding over. 2- install the timber finish bead

along the horizontal reference line. The molding must

overlap the concrete soiling of 1 inch (25 mm). 3- Install

flashing to protect the surface

plane of the finish molding in a horizontal timber. Be

sure to leave a 10 mm clearance ( 3/8 inches) from the sure to leave a 10 mm clearance ( 3/8 inches) from the sure to leave a 10 mm clearance ( 3/8 inches) from the

horizontal surface of the flashing and the ends of the

vertical boards. This clearance must be free of caulk or

other obstructing matter. Refer to the moldings on the top

openings ( Figure 9). Top wallopenings ( Figure 9). Top wall

9- Installing a device for breaking the contiguity between the air

knife and the attic. See Section 2.2, the Figure 14 and the knife and the attic. See Section 2.2, the Figure 14 and the knife and the attic. See Section 2.2, the Figure 14 and the

manufacturers installation guides for details.

10- Install the anti-rodent wire mesh

or the net.



11. Cut off sheathing boards

vertical to maintain a clear opening of 10 mm at the top

of the wall.

12. Install a drip edge finishing (flashing) for cutting

the rainwater infiltration if the overhang is less than four

times the opening area ( Figure 14).times the opening area ( Figure 14).

Note: as recommended aperture is 10 mm (3/8 inch), a drip

edge finish is required if the overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2edge finish is required if the overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2

in).

Starter Course

13. Ideally, determine the source of the winds

dominant and orientate each sheet so that the male tongue

and groove edges come face to the wind, to minimize the risk of

penetration of water infiltrated into the female tongue and

groove edges. 14. Cut the lining boards

maintain an opening of 10 mm at the top of the wall.

15. Cut the bottom boards at an angle

maximum of about 15 degrees to favor the dripping

water to the outside. 16- install the starter board ensuring

vertical and securing with exposed nails.

17. If a bank cutting is necessary, ensure

to touch the wood exposed to the finishing product

recommended. 18. Install the following three ranks. 19. Check

the vertical level.

Note: if need adjustment, distribute the correction to be

made on the following 4 ranks.

20- proceed as a set of four ranks

by checking the vertical level every time.

Rank End

21- Cut the banks of the boards that will be ap-

puyées on the corner. Make the cut male side and make sure

to protect the banks laid bare with two coats of finish product

recommended. Install the 22- or corner boards by ensuring

the vertical level. 23. Complete the

other walls.

24- Perform edits and apply caulk

where appropriate (sections 3.5 and 3.8)

2.8 Caulk

2.8.1 Role caulking

To limit the risk of water penetration, a felting cal- must be used.

Caulking intervenes the first protection plan of the principle of rain

screen in combination with the coating itself, to intercept any

potential water infiltration.

2.8.2 Location caulk

The caulk should be applied with caution to all places where water

could penetrate. This is the case along a vertical joint in the meeting

of revê- ment with the beads (door sides, window sides, corners).

Remember that proper installation of flashing over openings requires

no caulking. Proper flashing, installed, block potential infiltration. It

must, however, provide a spacing of 10 mm (3/8 inch) between the

coating and the base of the flashing to ensure good ventilation. By

cons if the horizontal overlap of the flashing does not extend beyond

the underlying element, it is then necessary to apply a joint caulking

to prevent the penetration of water infiltrated under the flashing. See

the example of masonry wall in section 1.7.


Short version22

2.8.3 Choice of caulking

A multitude of caulking products on the market. This guide refers to

the section 9.27.4.2 of the NBC for specifications caulk (NRC,

2015). Generally, the caulk should be:

• Non-hardening (flexible) for outdoor use

• Selected for its resistance to the effects of erosion

• Compatible with and adhering the wood and the finish of the

coating

• No or very low volatile organic compound (VOC)

2.8.4 Application of Caulk

Always follow the manufacturer's recommendations for caulking to

the application. The caulking cord must adhere well to both surfaces

that create the opening. For openings larger than 6 mm ( 1/4 inch), it is that create the opening. For openings larger than 6 mm ( 1/4 inch), it is that create the opening. For openings larger than 6 mm ( 1/4 inch), it is

recommended to first install a filler into the opening and then covered

with felting cal-. The caulking must also always be placed between

two parallel surfaces and not perpendicular. The caulk is not a

permanent solution and requires regular maintenance. If they are not

inspected and maintained regularly, the caulking joints may fail,

capture the water and alter the surface or even generate more

serious problems of mold and rot in the wall structure.



It is advisable to conduct a regular and preventive maintenance of

siding to preserve its original appearance, prevent its degradation

and ensure the longevity of the wood. An annual audit will check

the condition of the coating and caulking joints.

3.1 Cleaning

An annual washing is recommended to dislodge the accumulation of

dirt (mold, dirt, cobwebs, etc.). The coating can be simply cleaned

with a low pressure garden hose and a soft brush of the same type

for the washing of a body of automo- bile. You can also add a mild

cleaning agent, without bleach, ammonia or abrasive element. If

necessary, the cleaner can be tested on a small area to make sure it

will not damage the coating. After washing, it is recommended to

gently rinse with a low pressure hose. NOTE: The pressure washer

is prohibited. Some wood species may be conducive to sap flow

following exposure of the coating to the hot summer temperatures.

To eliminate it, sap must be drybrushed when dry with a simple

non-metallic brush. The white powder produced by brushing can be

rinsed with water using a low-pressure hose. This sap cleaning

procedure can be repeated as needed if the additional sap flows

from the coating after a few seasonal cycles. This may require minor

corrections.

3.2 Minor fixes

Immediately after installation of the coating and annually thereafter. It is highly advisable to

conduct a visual inspection of the surfaces to correct the areas affected by a scratch or a

burst resulting from an impact. On any surface revealing bare wood, apply a finishing

product provided by the manufacturer, taking care to limit its application to the simple bare

area in order not to change the color of the coating. A cotton swab or a fine brush allows

you to run applications fine. See also to apply the product retouching according to the

conditions specified by the manufacturer (p. Eg., Outside temperature during application,

drying time before the second application, etc.). Minor corrections are needed to the

season following scratches or shocks for various reasons (bicycle leaning on the siding,

stone thrown by the snow blower, etc.). Visual examination is still advisable to make the

required corrections following the recommendations outlined above for touch. However, be

aware that the color of the coating can fade over time. If caulk seal requires correction,

must be removed cleanly without damaging the finished surface. In such a case, we must

touch up bare spots before reapplying a new bead of caulk. Visual examination is still

advisable to make the required corrections following the recommendations outlined above

for touch. However, be aware that the color of the coating can fade over time. If caulk seal

requires correction, must be removed cleanly without damaging the finished surface. In

such a case, we must touch up bare spots before reapplying a new bead of caulk. Visual

examination is still advisable to make the required corrections following the

recommendations outlined above for touch. However, be aware that the color of the coating

can fade over time. If caulk seal requires correction, must be removed cleanly without

damaging the finished surface. In such a case, we must touch up bare spots before

reapplying a new bead of caulk.

3 Maintenance


Short version24

Association of professionals in the construction and habitation du Québec (APCHQ). 2017. - Collection of data sheets:

https://www.apchq.com/documentation/technique/fiches-technique - Reports of checkpoints:

https://www.apchq.com/documentation/technique/fiches-de- Point-of-control National research Council of Canada (NRC). 2012 Supplement to

the 2010 NBC Intent Statements. Published by the Canadian building codes Commission and Fire. National Research Council of Canada.

http://codes-guides.nrc.ca/IA/10CNB/intentframe.html National Research Council (NRC). 2015. The National Building Code - Canada 2010 ( CNB). http://codes-guides.nrc.ca/IA/10CNB/intentframe.html National Research Council (NRC). 2015. The National Building Code - Canada 2010 ( CNB). http://codes-guides.nrc.ca/IA/10CNB/intentframe.html National Research Council (NRC). 2015. The National Building Code - Canada 2010 ( CNB).

Published by NRC and developed by the Canadian building codes and Fire Commission (CCBFC).

http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/publications/centre_codes/2015_code_national_batiment.html Christmas, Natalie. 2011 life-cycle assessment -

Comparative study on exterior siding wood. Project Report 90002. Cecobois. March 30, 2011.

9 References

Legal deposit Bibliothèque nationale du Québec Legal

Deposit National Library of Canada

January 2018

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